influence of gibberellic acid (ga3) on fruit quality of ... · influ (ga swe joh unive simco tel...
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Influ(GA(GASweJohJohUniveSimcoTel 5Tel: 5Jcline
Orchard and Vineyard Show, Traverse City, M
uence of Gibberellic Acid A3) on Fruit Quality ofA3) on Fruit Quality of eet Cherriesn Clinen Clineersity of Guelph, oe & Vineland Campuses
519 426 7127 E t 331519-426-7127 Ext [email protected]
MI – Jan 21-22, 200911
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Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline IntroductionHistorical perspective of gibberellic acid (GA) use increase the firmness of sincrease the firmness of scherriesCurrent labeled products recommendationsrecommendationsOther effects of GAData from OntarioData from Ontario
Orchard and Vineyard Show, Traverse City, M
sweetsweet
and
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University of Guelph -RResearc
Orchard and Vineyard Show, Traverse City, M
- Simcoe and Vineland h St tih Stations
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Major Fruit Producing Are
Orchard and Vineyard Show, Traverse City, M
eas of Ontario (Source: OMAF)
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4
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PGR Responses
A i Cell enlargement ApAuxin Cell enlargement, ApRooting promotion, Fdrop prevention
Gibb lli Fi ll lGibberrellin Firmness, cell enlargseedlessness, causeinduction, flower redbreak dormancy Incbreak dormancy, Incgermination, delay omodify sex expressio
C t ki i Cell division CounteCytokinin Cell division, Countedominance, Branchinsenescence, Cause
Ethylene Ripening agent, Cauabscission, Promote
Abscisic Acid Promotes leaf & fruit
Orchard and Vineyard Show, Traverse City, M
Abscisic AcidRegulates dormancyControls hydric statuopening control
pical dominance
Slide courtesy of Dr. Greg Clarke
pical dominance, Fruit thinning, Fruit
tgement, e fruit set, flower uction (thinnig), rease seedrease seed f senescence, oneract apicaleract apical ng agent, Delay of fruit abscission
uses leaf & fruit s radical growth
t abscission,
MI – Jan 21-22, 200955
,y in perennials, us through stomata
Dr. Silvan Witwer
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197197Dr. Ed Proebsting of WSU gwas one of the first to report on the use of GA on sweet cherries to delay maturity andcherries to delay maturity and improve quality (firmness) (Proebsting, 1972 WSU Extension Multilith 3520)
Orchard and Vineyard Show, Traverse City, M
70’70’s
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Function Products Avai
1. Inhibit Flowering GA3, GA4, GA
2. Promote Flowering Ethrel, NAA3 Influence fruit ripening GA3 GA4 GA3. Influence fruit ripening
and qualityGA3, GA4, GARetain
4. Fruit thinning Carbaryl*, NAS f t tSurfactants,
5. Influence ethylene synthesis
Ethrel, MCP, Ry
6. Fruit finish GA, Koalin Cl7. Change fruit shape Benzyl adenin8. Reduce Preharvest
dropNAA, ReTain
9 Reduce Vegetative ApogeeOrchard and Vineyard Show, Traverse City, M
9. Reduce Vegetativegrowth
Apogee
* - these products are not plant growth regulators
ilable Research Experience
A7 Apples, Peaches, Ch iCherriesApple
A7 Ethrel Cherries Apples PeachA7, Ethrel, Cherries, Apples, Peach
AA, BA, Apple, Peach
ReTain Apple, Peach
lay* Apple, ne (BA) Apple
Apple, Peach
Apple PeachMI – Jan 21-22, 2009
77Apple, Peach
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Use PatternUse PatternTiming:
L t t II it h d i (t l• Late stage II, pit hardening (translucencolour)
• Use sufficient water volume to ensure t
Concentration• 42 – 126 ppm GA3 (16-48 grams ai/ac• [$61 - $183/acre; 100 gallons/acre][$61 $183/acre; 100 gallons/acre]
Other Effects/Precautions• Avoid overdosing lower canopy
A id ll / ld d• Avoid unusually warm/cold days• Less effective on early ripening cultivars• Excessive concentrations can reduce return
Orchard and Vineyard Show, Traverse City, M
t t tt green to straw
thorough wetting
re)
n bloom
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Benefits of GA on sweBenefits of GA on sweGA has been shown to:• Improve fruit firmness• Increase soluble solids• Increase fruit weight• delay fruit maturity by 3-5 days
G t• Greener stems• Improved storage life• results on reducing rain-induced• results on reducing rain-induced
[Drake et al, 1978, Facteau, 1989, Looney and
Orchard and Vineyard Show, Traverse City, M
et cherrieset cherries
fruit cracking are contradictoryfruit cracking are contradictory
d Lidster, 1980, Proebsting et al, 1973]
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Mechanism by which GMechanism by which G
Various (100+) isomers of GAVarious (100 ) isomers of GA naturally exist in plantsCommercially registered GA
Gcontains isomer GA3 that is very active in woody plant species including sweet cherriesgDelays maturity and influence ripening enzyme activity and f tifunction(GA4 and GA7 are used in apples)
Orchard and Vineyard Show, Traverse City, M
GA affects cherriesGA affects cherries
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Materials andMaterials and Plant Material
19-Yr old Terhanivee, Van6.5 x 7.5m free standingS li d b h dSprays applied by handgun
Treatments1 Untreated1. Untreated2. Activol (20 mg/L GA3)3. ProGibb (20 mg/L GA3)( g 3)4. MaxCell (50 mg/L 6-BA) ap5. Treatment 3 & 4
Orchard and Vineyard Show, Traverse City, M
Methods 2004Methods - 2004
dalay
t d in to drip
pplied twice
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Fl h fi dFlesh firmness was measured oFruit texture Analyzer Model GS3 mm probe depth of 1mm (did
Orchard and Vineyard Show, Traverse City, M
3 mm probe, depth of 1mm (did
25 f it 2 idon 25 fruit , 2 sidesS-14, GÜSS, South Africad not penetrate skin)
MI – Jan 21-22, 2009
d not penetrate skin)1212
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FirmnesFirmnesTehranivee
a
0.15
0.20
0.25
mne
ss (k
g)
a bbcc
0.00
0.05
0.10
Untreated Activol Progibb MaxCell MaxCell +P ibb
Frui
t firm
Activol increased firmness of TeP ibb i d fi f b
Progibb
Progibb increased firmness of bFruit firmness was unaffected bCombination of Progibb and Ma
Orchard and Vineyard Show, Traverse City, M
Combination of Progibb and Ma
s Resultss ResultsVandalay
b
0.15
0.20
0.25
irm
ness
(kg) abc c c
0.00
0.05
0.10
Untreated Activol Progibb MaxCell MaxCell +
Mea
n fr
uit f
i
erhanivee, but not Vanadalayb th lti
Progibb
both cultivarsby Maxcel axcel similar to Progibb alone
MI – Jan 21-22, 2009
axcel similar to Progibb alone1313
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Fruit WeigFruit WeigTehranivee
aa
aa
a
8
8.5
9
9.5
uit w
eigh
t (g)
aa
aaa
7
7.5
8
Untreated Activol Progibb MaxCell MaxCell +Progibb
Mea
n fr
u
No significant treatment effect oF it i bl d t tFruit was variable and treatmen
Orchard and Vineyard Show, Traverse City, M
ght Resultsght ResultsVandalay
8
8.5
9
9.5
uit w
eigh
t (g) ab
a
abab b
7
7.5
8
Untreated Activol Progibb MaxCell MaxCell +Progibb
Mea
n fr
u b
g
on fruit weight t ff t i i t tnt effects were inconsistent
MI – Jan 21-22, 20091414
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Fruit Colour (1st harvFruit Colour (1st harvTehranivee
25303540
r L
valu
e ca a b b
05
101520
Untreated Activol Progibb MaxCell MaxCell +
Frui
t col
our
Untreated Activol Progibb MaxCell MaxCell +Progibb
All treatments delayed colour dcomparison with untreated controcomparison with untreated contro
Activol and Progibb were less edevelopment of Vandalay.
Orchard and Vineyard Show, Traverse City, M
vest)vest)Vandalayy
25303540
r L
valu
e abb c b
05
101520
Untreated Activol Progibb MaxCell MaxCell +
Frui
t col
our
Untreated Activol Progibb MaxCell MaxCell +Progibb
evelopment of Terhanivee in olsolseffect in delaying colour
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Fruit Crackingg
No significant treatmentNo significant treatment effect on:
Fruit crackinggMarketable fruit
Orchard and Vineyard Show, Traverse City, MMI – Jan 21-22, 2009
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20032003
Orchard and Vineyard Show, Traverse City, M
3 Data3 Data
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Fruit FFruit FTehranivee
0 200.250.300.350.40
ness
(kg) b
a a aa
0.000.050.100.150.20
Untreated Activol Progibb MaxCell MaxCell +
Frui
t firm
n
GA resulted in significantly firm
Untreated Activol Progibb MaxCell MaxCell +Progibb
No effect of MaxcelTehranivee (later cv.) more resp
Orchard and Vineyard Show, Traverse City, M
irmnessirmnessVandalay
0 200.250.300.350.40
ness
(kg)
abbc
a
0.000.050.100.150.20
Untreated Activol Progibb MaxCell MaxCell +
Frui
t firm
ner fruit
Untreated Activol Progibb MaxCell MaxCell +Progibb
ponsive to GA3 than Vandalay
MI – Jan 21-22, 20091818
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Fruit WFruit WTehranivee
6789
10
Wei
ght (
g)
aa
aa
a
012345
Mea
n Fr
uit W
Untreated Activol Progibb MaxCell MaxCell +Progibb
in 2003 GA did not influence frin 2003, GA did not influence fr
Orchard and Vineyard Show, Traverse City, M
WeightWeightVandalay
6789
10
eigh
t (g)
aaa
aa
012345
Mea
n fru
it w
Untreated Activol Progibb MaxCell MaxCell +Progibb
ruit weight of either cultivarruit weight of either cultivar
MI – Jan 21-22, 20091919
1919
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20072007
Orchard and Vineyard Show, Traverse City, M
7 Data7 Data
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GA3 (mg/L) Timing Fomulation
Table 1. Effect of giberillic acid treatment on fruit colour
g
Untreated - -20 straw colour Progibb 40%40 straw colour Progibb 40%80 straw colour Progibb 40%20 10 prior to straw colour Progibb 40%20 straw colour + 10 days prior Progibb 40%20 straw colour Progibb 4%40 t l P ibb 4%40 straw colour Progibb 4%Significancez
LSD (p=0.05)P value
Untreated - -20 straw colour Progibb 40%40 straw colour Progibb 40%80 straw colour Progibb 40%20 10 prior to straw colour Progibb 40%20 straw colour + 10 days prior Progibb 40%20 straw colour Progibb 4%40 straw colour Progibb 4%Si ifi z
Orchard and Vineyard Show, Traverse City, M
Significancez
LSD (p=0.05)P value3 mm probe
Firmness (kg)z
Colour L value
(lightness)Mean fruit weight (g) Brix (o)
and firmness of 'Hedelfingen' cherries. Vineland, 2007.
0.16 c 31.5 d 7.6 16.30.18 b 34.7 b 7.5 17.80.19 a 34.5 b 7.7 17.9
1st pick (July 11)
0.20 a 35.3 a 6.3 16.20.18 b 33.5 c 7.3 17.00.17 b 34.8 ab 6.9 15.90.17 b 33.0 c 7.3 17.10 18 b 35 0 b 6 3 16 00.18 b 35.0 ab 6.3 16.0*** *** ns ns
0.01 0.5 2.8 2.0< 0.0001 < 0.0001 0.7524 0.7112
2nd pick (July 18)0.10 e 31.0 d 8.9 abc 17.10.18 a 31.3 d 10.0 a 15.00.17 a 32.1 bc 8.2 bcd 18.60.16 b 32.3 bc 8.8 abc 16.7
2nd pick (July 18)
0.13 d 32.4 b 9.3 ab 18.80.14 c 33.2 a 7.9 bcd 15.90.13 d 31.8 c 7.7 cd 17.30.12 d 33.2 a 7.0 d 14.4*** *** *
MI – Jan 21-22, 20092121
*** *** * ns0.01 0.5 1.6 3.3
< 0.0001 < 0.0001 0.0154 0.1115
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A - July 11th Harvest1.8
2.0 2007
1.4
1.6
ess
(N)
0.0
1.0
1.2
B - July 18th HarvestFirm
ne
1 6
1.8
2.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0.0
1.0
Orchard and Vineyard Show, Traverse City, M
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
A - July 15th Harvest1.8
2.0 2008
1.4
1.6
ess
(N)
0.0
1.0
1.2
B - July 22th HarvestFirm
ne
1 6
1.8
2.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
22221 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0.0
1.0
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22221 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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‘H d lfi ’ f it J‘Hedelfingen’ fruits on Ju
Orchard and Vineyard Show, Traverse City, M
l 11th 2007 (1st h t)uly 11th 2007 (1st harvest)
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S f Gibb lli A idSummary of Gibberellic Acid
Progibb has consistently inhas typically delayed harveEff t f it d lEffects on fruit red colour aInconsistent treatment effesolids and rain crackingsolids, and rain crackingProgibb 40% was more effenhancing fruit firmness ang
Orchard and Vineyard Show, Traverse City, M
S t Ch iuse on Sweet Cherries…
ncreased fruit firmness and est 3-5 dayst h t h b i lat harvest have been marginal
ects on fruit weight, soluble
fective than Progibb 4% in nd size
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Further Info
The MSU Fruit ManagemCrop Protection Guide for TrCrop Protection Guide for Tr
• NY Fruit Produ
Orchard and Vineyard Show, Traverse City, M
ormation
ment Guide- E-0154ree Fruits in Washingtonree Fruits in Washingtonuction Guide
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Growth Regulator InforGrowth Regulator Infor
PGR Use onPGR Use on Sweet and Tart CherriesCherriesUpdated Thinning
d PGRand PGR Information
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rmaionrmaion
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http://www plant uhttp://www.plant.u
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oguelph ca/treefruitoguelph.ca/treefruit
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AcknowleAcknowle
Debbie NortonSummer studentsVineland Farm Crew
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edgementsedgements
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