influence of wetland restoration and adjacent watersheds on...
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Influence of Wetland Restoration and Adjacent Watersheds on
Native Pollinator Communities in the Rainwater Basin
Cynthia Park Loren Smith, Ted LaGrange, Scott McMurry
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Overview • Introduction
o Importance of pollinators o Concern about pollinator decline o Wetlands and prairie as pollinator
habitat
• Playa wetlands in the Rainwater Basin
• Effects of land use on habitat
• Objectives and methods • Preliminary data
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Importance of Pollinators • 75 – 90% of our planet’s angiosperms rely on
pollinators to assist with reproduction o 25,000-30,000 species of bees alone are obligate flower visitors
• Contribute to the biodiversity of the planet • Humans rely on many pollinated plant species
o Food o Fiber o Drugs o Fuel o Recreation o Aesthetics
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Importance of Pollinators
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Importance of Pollinators • Economic value • Many crops require
direct pollinator services
• Indirect pollinator services such as forage material for livestock
• Global value estimated at $122-200 billion/year o $15.12 billion in the United
States alone
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Concern about Pollinators • The need is only increasing • Pollinator populations cannot keep up • Massive loss of domestic honeybee populations
o 59% in one year alone
• Decreasing trends of wild pollinator populations o Serious need for documentation of species declines
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Reasons for Decline
• Loss of complex floral communities and nesting habitat
• Agricultural cultivation • Potentially harmful
pesticides o Can directly weaken or kill o Indirectly harms by removing
food and habitat
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Potential Habitat
• Relatively mobile species • Can persist in small,
fragmented areas • Pollinators can benefit
from adjacent areas of natural habitat
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Rainwater Basin Habitat • Great Plains grasslands
are one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world
• Landscape has completely been altered o Soy and corn production
• Playa wetlands and prairie uplands may be some of the only areas with necessary resources
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Wetlands Reserve Program • <10% of playa wetlands remain • Crucial in protecting natural habitat • Took land out of crop production • Enhanced, restored, or protected wetlands and
immediate watersheds • Secured > 12,000 ha
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Playa Wetlands • Crucial ecosystems for the Great Plains
o Recharges the aquifer o Improves water quality o Carbon sequestration o Source of biodiversity
• Each playa exists in its own watershed • Only receive water from precipitation and
catchment runoff • Hydroperiods are affected by watershed size/slope,
soil, and vegetation
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Effects of Land Use • Row crop agriculture has led to more sediment
accumulation than can be naturally removed o Shortened hydroperiod o Reduces floral biodiversity in catchment o Fewer pollinator resources leads to less pollination and an even greater
decline in some plant species
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Effects of Land Use • Uplands of undisturbed grassland can provide the
necessary habitat requirements o More beneficial forbs o Nesting habitat
• Creates a buffer strip around the wetland o Reduces erosion o Increases soil permeability o Less runoff
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Objective 1 • Examine the effects of watershed land use and
wetland presence on pollinator populations across different land use types o Cropland o WRP sites o Reference state o Based on HGM criteria
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Comparison with WRP sites • Restoration Practices
o Sediment removal for seed bank
o Planted buffer strip
• Similar species richness, but different plant guilds o More mud-flat annuals o Less deep emergent perennials
• How does this affect the pollinator community?
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Hypothesis • Pollinator diversity is going to depend on floral
communities • Agricultural sites will contain the least amount of pollinator biodiversity • Reference state and WRP sites will contain the greatest abundance and biodiversity
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Methods • 28 sites across 3 land uses • Sample 28 times over 2 years • Bi-monthly from April - October • Each site will contain 3 wetland and 3 upland
sampling locations
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Methods • Blue vane traps
o Set out in the morning (0900-1100) for 24 hour exposure
o Place lid on trap to contain insects
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Methods • Hunts
o Adjacent transects placed next to traps o Collect individual pollinators on individual plants o 6 minutes for each transect o Pollinators collected were placed in individual vials with each plant
• All specimens were brought back to OSU for ID
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Objective 2 • Compare seasonal changes in the floral community
and pollinator populations in playas and their uplands
• Track seasonal shifts in pollinator important plants throughout the season
• Step point method
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Objective 3 • Integrate information with past and on-going
research on major ecosystem services provided by depressional wetlands in Great Plains o Comprehensive understanding of playas
• Collaborated protocols with other studies o North Dakota and Texas
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Hunt Richness by Year
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
2014
Crop U
Crop W
Ref U
Ref W
WRP U
WRP W
0
2
4
6
8
10
2015
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Hunt Species Accumulation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
6/11/2014 7/11/2014 8/11/2014 9/11/2014
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
4/27/2015 5/27/2015 6/27/2015 7/27/2015 8/27/2015 9/27/2015
2014
2015
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Cumulative Hunt Species Richness Over Two Years
Source df F p-value
LandUse 2 6.849 0.002
Position 1 18.821 0.000
LandUse*Position 2 1.682 0.196
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Hunt Species Richness Over Two Years
6.28
11.5
14.67
0
5
10
15
20
25
Crop
Ref
WRP
6.93
14.75
0
5
10
15
20
25
Upland Wetland
A AB
A B
B
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Implications • Playa wetlands are important areas for necessary
resources • Provide decision makers information to direct
conservation and restoration efforts • Restored sites through WRP are providing great
habitat for pollinating invertebrates.
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Acknowledgements • Environmental Protection
Agency • U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service • Nebraska Game and Parks
o Bob Meduna o Theron Martin o Randy Stutheit o Gerry Steinaurer
• Oklahoma State University • Angie Begosh • Dale Daniel • Lisa Overall • Lydia Horne • Dylan Cleary • Sam Stroebel
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Questions?