influential people during the time of svp

7/30/2019 Influential People During the Time of Svp

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began modern science bysuggesting that the working

natural phenomena could be

described exactly in

mathematical formulae.

(Union of Physics andMathematics).

This transformed the basic

assumption and methodology

of the natural sciences and

distinguishes it radically fromreligious and philosophical

thought.


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in Novum Organum(1620) elaborated asophisticated methodof establishingscientific truths usingobservation andexperiment to testhypotheses. In New

Atlantic (1627) he

argued for theusefulness ofscientific knowledgein giving man masteryover nature.


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considered the Father ofmodern philosophyattempted to establish aphilosophical system basedon the first principles aloneon mathematical logic.

Employing systematic doubt(Cogito, ergo sum) heended up with dualismbetween mind and matter.

Clarity and distinctness ofideas establish their truthindependently ofexperience (res cogitans)

Physical world is governedby deterministic laws (resextensa)


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a Spanish Jesuit argued

in his On Laws (1612)

that a contract between

a ruler and subject was

the basis of sovereignty.

This is a direct attack

on the theory that a

king rules by divine

right.


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In Leviathan (1655)argued that in a state of

nature men will fight

because of their natural

selfishness. They could

only escape through a

contract whereby they

renounce freedom to a

sovereign supreme leader.


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In 1609, Keplers

Astronomia Nova

argued that planets

moved around the sun

in ellipses and at

varying speed. The year

before that the

telescope was invented

by the Dutchman, HansLippershey.


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In 1628, demonstrated

the circulation of the

blood. By studying the

valves he realized that

blood must flow in onedirection only. This

mechanics view

complemented Galileos

mechanistic universe.


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In 1642, invented an

adding machine,

discovered the

principles ofhydraulics and

investigated the

theory of probability,

i.e., that chance canbe measured.


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In 1654 the Magdeburg experiment in which two teams of horses tried and

failed to separate two-emptied hemisphere demonstrated the power of air

pressure. This will later be harnessed in the first steam engine.


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experimented on

the physical

properties of air

and formulated hislaw on the

relationship

between pressure

and volume of gas.


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the tradition of

rationalism

produced a

restrainedclassicism in the

works of Nicholas

Poussin.


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Rape of the Sabine Women, Rome, 1637-38, oil on

canvas, 159 x 206 cm, LouvreLes Bergers dArcadie, late 1630s, oil on canvas, 85 x

121 cm, Louvre. It is said that Poussin never painted a

subject taken from later than the 12th century.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rape_of_the_Sabine_Womenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Bergers_d%E2%80%99Arcadiehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Bergers_d%E2%80%99Arcadiehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rape_of_the_Sabine_Women


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The Plague at Ashdod, 1630, oil on canvas, 148 x 198

cm, Louvre Museum

The Continence of Scipio, 1640, oil on canvas, 116 x 150

cm, Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushkin_Museum_of_Fine_Artshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushkin_Museum_of_Fine_Arts


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Helios and Phaeton with Saturn and the Four Seasons

(c. 1635)Poussin's TancredandErminia (early 1630s, oil on

canvas, 98.5 x 146.5 cm, Hermitage Museum) shows an

evolution from Poussin's early emulation ofCaravaggio

to a return to classicism.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tancred,_Prince_of_Galileehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erminiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermitage_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caravaggiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caravaggiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermitage_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erminiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tancred,_Prince_of_Galilee


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Dutch art found itsgreatest painter inRembrandt, whosepsychological

insight andtechnicalvirtuosity, esp.with chiaroscuro,

produced theNightwatch(1642).


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The Night Watch or The Militia Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq, 1642. Oil oncanvas; on display at the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.


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showed realismand superlative

handling of color

in Las Meninas

(1656)


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Las Meninas (1656, English: The Maids of Honour)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Meninashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Meninas


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The violin made itsappearance in 1612

as part of the 24-

piece court band,

later increased to35 players. The

Amati, Stradivari

and Guarneri

families from 1650-1740 perfected

violin in Italy.


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Fugue developedprincipally inGermany as acontrapuntal

treatment of onemain theme.

A six-part fugue fromThe Musical Offering,

in the hand ofJohannSebastian Bach.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach


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whose plays andsonnets epitomize

the innovation

and humanism of

the Renaissance.


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Erudition, wit,reason and passion

were best combined

in the love and

devotional poems ofJohn Donne (1622-

1631). Later English

poetry reflected the

political and religious

conflict betweenPuritans and the

Royalists.


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Don Quixote de la Mancha


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In France, an effortto systematize the

rules of language and

literature was made

by the AcademicFrancaise. An

interest in classical

models produced the

tightly organized

psychological dramas

of Corneille (1608-

1684)

influential people during the time of svp

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