INFORMATION BULLETIN

All India Competitive Examination for

ICAR’s Senior Research Fellowship to

pursue Ph.D. Degree Programmes

SRF(PGS)-2013

Examination Cell

Education Division

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan-II, Pusa

New Delhi-110 012

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INDEX

S. No. Description Page No.

Important Information at a Glance 4 Directions for Candidates 5 1.0 Introduction 6 2.0 Discipline/Subject-wise Groups, Subject Code and Tentative Number of Senior

Research Fellowships 6

3.0 Conditions for the Award of SRF (PGS) 8 4.0 Eligibility Requirements 9 5.0 Age 10 6.0 Reservation 10 7.0 Procedure for Application 10 8.0 General Instructions for Filling of Online Application 12 9.0 Selection of the Candidates 12 10.0 Value and Tenure of Fellowship 13 11.0 Examination Procedure 11.1 General Scheme of Examination 13 11.2 Checking/Changing Question Booklet 14 11.3 Writing Answers on OMR Answer Sheet 14 11.3.1 Changing an Answer 15 11.3.2 Wrong/Incorrect Way of Marking 15 11.3.3 Rough Work 15 11.3.4 No Re-Checking/Re-Evaluation of OMR Answer Sheets 15 12.0 Legal Jurisdiction 16 ANNEXURES I Syllabus for the Competitive Examination for the Selection of ICAR’ SRF(PGS) 17 II Examination City Centres and Nodal Officers' Contact Addresses 72 III Employment Status of In-service Candidates 73 IV Physical Disability/PH Certificate 74 V Universities along with the Contact Details of Registrars for Seeking Admission

after the Award of SRF(PGS) 76

VI Proforma of Caste Certificate for Scheduled Caste/Tribe Candidates 79 VII Proforma of Certificate for Other Backward Classes (OBC) Applying for

Admission to Central Educational Institutions (CEIs) under the Government of India

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VIII Domicile State Codes for SRF(PGS) 83 IX List of SAUs/DUs/CAU/CUs from Where Graduated/Postgraduated 84 X A Stream in Post Graduate Degree 86 B College of Postgraduation 86

OTHER ATTACHMENTS WITH THIS BULLETIN Admit Card (Office Copy and Candidate Copy)

Syndicate Bank Challan Proforma NEFT Challan Proforma

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INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH (EDUCATION DIVISION)

KRISHI ANUSANDHAN BHAVAN-II PUSA, NEW DELHI 110 012

The Deputy Director General (Education) Assistant Director General (HRD)/ Indian Council of Agricultural Research Controller of Examinations (Edn) - COE Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan-II Education Division Pusa, New Delhi- 110 012 Indian Council of Agricultural Research R. No. 216, Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan-II Pusa, New Delhi- 110 012

Help Line No. 011- 25842270 Extn. 1226, 011-25843392

Fax No. 011-25843329

ALL CORRESPONDENCE REGARDING ALL INDIA COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR ICAR'S SENIOR RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO THE CONTROLLER OF EXAMINATIONS (EDN),

EDUCATION DIVISION, INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, R. No. 216, KRISHI ANUSANDHAN BHAVAN-II, PUSA, NEW DELHI-110 012

(This information Bulletin should not be treated as a legal document)

IMPORTANT INFORMATION AT A GLANCE

Downloading Information Bulletin and Submission of Online Application 26th December, 2012 to 15

th February, 2013

Candidates will apply ONLINE only (For details, please refer

to Information Bulletin uploaded on the ICAR website:

www.icar.org.in). Application Fee of Rs.1,200/- for

General/OBC and Rs. 600/- for SC/ST/PH categories will be

chargeable. Except for payment through NEFT mode,

additional ̀ 25/- per application will be payable as bank charges plus

service tax, etc..

IMPORTANT DATES (i) Last Date for Receipt of Online Application Including Computer 15

th February, 2013

Generated Confirmation Copy of Online Application (ii) Last Date for Receipt of Computer Generated Confirmation 22

nd February, 2013

Copy of Online Application from Remote Areas (ii) Admit Card and Roll No. Query, if any (Please note that After 3

rd week of March, 2013

the admit card information will be uploaded on the ICAR website (www.icar.org.in)

(iii) Date and Time of Examination 21.04.2013 (Sunday) Paper-I : 10:00 A.M. – 11:30 A.M. Paper-II: 2:00 P.M. – 4:30 P.M.

(iv) Likely Date of Declaration of Result After 3rd week of May, 2013

All announcements including roll number, admit card information, declaration of result, general notices, etc. will be available at the ICAR website (www.icar.org.in). Candidates are advised in their own interest to keep in touch with the website or contact on telephone or contact the Nodal Officer of the Examination City Centre for Examination Venue and Roll Number only.

Note: Office of COE may be telephonically contacted on any working day at 011- 25842270 Extn. 1226/011-25843392

between 10.00 A.M. to 5.00 P.M.

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Directions for Candidates

1. Day and date of examination : 21.04.2013 (Sunday)

2. Duration : Paper I 10.00 A.M. to 11.30 A.M. (1½ hrs)

Paper II 2.00 P.M. to 4.30 P.M. (2½ hrs) 3. (a) Please verify before mailing the Computer generated Confirmation copy of Online application

that:

(i) The application has been signed and Thumb Impression put at specified places

(ii) Recent passport size (3.5x4.5 cm) colour photograph has been pasted in the specified space

(iii) Candidate has made the declaration in his/her own handwriting

(iv) Certificate of Postgraduation study (for candidates in the final year of study) by the Registrar of the University with his seal has been given.

(b) Documents to be enclosed with Confirmation copy of Online application:

(a) Proof of payment of application fee

(b) Office copy of the duly attested Admit Card

(c) Caste certificate (SC/ST/OBC - wherever applicable)

(d) Certificate of PD/PH, wherever applicable

(e) Attested photocopy of (i)UG Degree (ii) PG Degree iii) UG Mark Sheet and iv) PG Mark Sheet

4. Candidates are advised Not to Fold the filled-in Computer Generated Confirmation Copy of Online Application and the accompanying documents. Documents sent along Should Not Be Stapled to the Application. Application and other documents contained in suitable-sized envelopes super-scribed "APPLICATION FOR SRF(PGS)-2013" and mentioning Major Subject and Sub-Subject Names with Code Nos. should be dispatched by Speed Post/Registered Post only well in advance so as to positively reach on or before 15

th February, 2013. In case of remote areas, as specified in the Information

Bulletin, the applications should reach on or before 22nd

February, 2013 to the office of COE (Edn). No application through any other mode like Fax, e-mail or courier service will be accepted.

5. A candidate is allowed to submit only one Application. If a candidate submits more than one Application, his/ her candidature shall be cancelled.

6. Incomplete application, without accompanying documents indicated above, will be rejected. Incomplete/ Unsigned/ Mutilated Application without Photograph/with unclear Photograph/having overwriting/ without requisite fee amount or amount lesser than prescribed fee shall be summarily rejected and no correspondence in this regard shall be entertained.

7. Request for change in any particulars in the Application shall not be entertained under any circumstances. 8. Admission of a candidate to the examination is provisional subject to his/ her being found otherwise

eligible for the grant of Fellowship. 9. Use or attempt to use unfair means of any kind for this examination including impersonation will

automatically lead to the cancellation of candidature at any stage besides taking of legal action as deemed fit against the candidate.

10. Candidates are advised to retain a copy of (i) Computer generated confirmation copy of online application (ii) Candidate copy of admit card (iii) Three identical copies of recent passport size (3.5 x 4.5 cm) colour photographs as pasted on confirmation copy of online application (iv) Copy of proof of payment of application fee and (v) Proof of postal dispatch of application.

11. Minor changes, if any, in the scheme of examination will be notified on ICAR website (www.icar.org.in). 12. Candidate is required to seek any information as per scheduled date and time only.

Please Note: i) ICAR shall not be held responsible for non-receipt of applications within time schedule due

to postal delay or any other reasons.

ii) Applications received after the due date will not be considered. Controller of Examinations (Edn) - COE Education Division Indian Council of Agricultural Research R. No. 216, Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan-I Help Desk Phone No. 011-25842270 Ext./ 1226, 011-25843392 Pusa, New Delhi- 110 012 Tel Fax No. 011-25843329

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ALL INDIA COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION, SRF (PGS) – 2013, FOR ICAR’S SENIOR RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP TO PURSUE Ph.D. DEGREE PROGRAMMES IN AGRICULTURE & ALLIED SCIENCES

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Agricultural education plays an important role in the overall development of the country. Considering

the importance of agricultural education, the Education Commission in 1948 recommended the

establishment of Rural Universities in the country. As a result of the recommendation made under

the Chairmanship of Dr S Radhakrishnan, the first State Agricultural University was established in 1960

at Pantnagar on the pattern of the Land Grant Colleges of the United States. Today, the country has 55

State Agricultural Universities (SAUs), 5 Deemed Universities (DUs), 4 Central Universities (CUs) having

faculty of agriculture and a Central Agricultural University. Thus, the National Agricultural Research and

Education System of India is one of the largest in the world, admitting more than 15,000 graduates, 11,000

post-graduates, and 2,500 Ph.Ds annually, in different disciplines of agricultural and allied sciences.

The growth achieved in agricultural sector has been attributed to the concerted efforts of skilled human

resource developed through Agricultural Education System (AES). After independence, from the state of

deficiency, country has attained the stage of self-sufficiency in food grain production. It has enabled the

country to increase production of food grains by 4-fold, horticultural crops by 6-fold, fish by 9-fold (marine 5-

fold and inland 17-fold), milk by 6-fold, and eggs by 27-fold since 1950-51.

In order to make the National Agricultural Research and Education System more effective, to improve

standards of education and to develop human resources to meet the requirements of 21st century, the

Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) shall award 202 Senior Research Fellowships to the

candidates who will be selected through this Competitive Examination and take admission in Ph.D. Degree

programmes with partial course work. The Competitive examination would be conducted at 16 centres in

the country to enable a large number of students to appear for this examination in different disciplines of

Agriculture and Allied Sciences. Senior Research Fellowships (SRF) for pursuing Ph.D. degree will be

awarded in different disciplines based on merit, which includes 75% weightage for the marks obtained in

written examination and 25% weightage for past academic performance in Undergraduate and

Postgraduate Degree Programmes.

2.0 DISCIPLINE/SUBJECT-WISE GROUPS, SUBJECT CODE AND TENTATIVE NUMBER OF

SENIOR RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS

Candidates are advised to select one major subject group from the following Table for appearing in the

Examination based on compatibility with their subject area at Post-graduation level.

Major Subject Group Code

Major Subject

Sub-Subject Code

Sub- Subject in PhD Total No. of Fellowships(SRF)

General/ OBC

SC ST PH* Total

01 Plant Sciences

1.1 Agronomy 9 2 1 1 12

1.2 Genetics 5 1 1 - 7

1.3 Plant Breeding 8 2 1 - 11

1.4 Seed Technology 2 - - - 2

02

Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry

2.1 Soil Science - Pedology

2 - - - 2

2.2 Soil Chemistry/ Fertility/Soil Microbiology

3 1 1 - 5

2.3 Soil Physics/Soil and Water Conservation

3 1 - 1 4

2.4 Agricultural Chemistry/Agric. Chemicals

2 - - - 2

2.5 Agricultural Meteorology

2 - - - 2

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Major Subject Group Code

Major Subject

Sub-Subject Code

Sub- Subject in PhD Total No. of Fellowships(SRF)

General/ OBC

SC ST PH* Total

03 Biochemistry & Biotechnology

3.1 Biochemistry (Agric./Plant Sciences)

4 1 - - 5

3.2 Biotechnology (Agric./Plant Sciences)

7 1 1 1 9

3.3 Microbiology (Agriculture)

4 1 1 - 6

3.4 Plant Physiology 5 1 - - 6

04 Horticultural Sciences

4.1 Horticulture (Fruit Crops/Pomology)

3 - - - 3

4.2 Horticulture (Floriculture)

5 1 - - 6

4.3 Horticulture (Vegetable Science)

3 1 1 - 5

05 Forestry 5.1 Forestry/Agro Forestry/Silviculture

3 1 - - 4

06 Plant Protection & Related Sciences

6.1 Agricultural Entomology

7 2 1 1 10

6.2 Nematology (Agriculture)

2 - - - 2

6.3 Plant Pathology 8 2 1 - 11

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Veterinary &Animal Sciences-I

7.1 Animal Genetics and Breeding

2 1 1 - 4

7.2 Animal Nutrition 2 - - - 2

7.3 Livestock Production and Management

3 1 - 1 4

7.4 Livestock Products Technology

2 - - - 2

7.5 Poultry Science 2 1 - - 3

7.6 Animal Physiology 2 - - - 2

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Veterinary &Animal Sciences-II

8.1 Veterinary Parasitology 1 1 - - 2

8.2 Veterinary Public Health

1 - - - 1

8.3 Biochemistry (Animal Science)

1 - 1 - 2

8.4 Biotechnology (Animal Science)

2 - - - 2

8.5 Veterinary Microbiology

2 - - - 2

8.6 Veterinary Pathology 3 1 - 1 4

09 Veterinary &Animal Sciences-III

9.1 Veterinary Medicine 2 1 - - 3

9.2 Veterinary Extension Education

1 - - - 1

9.3 Veterinary Pharmacology

2 - - - 2

9.4 Animal Reproduction and Gynaecology

2 - 1 - 3

9.5 Veterinary Surgery 3 1 - - 4

9.6 Veterinary Anatomy 1 - - - 1

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Major Subject Group Code

Major Subject

Sub-Subject Code

Sub- Subject in PhD Total No. of Fellowships(SRF)

General/ OBC

SC ST PH* Total

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Dairy Science, Dairy Technology & Food Science

10.1 Dairy Chemistry 1 1 - - 2

10.2 Food Science & Technology

1 1 - - 2

10.3 Dairy Microbiology 1 - 1 - 2

10.4 Dairy Processing 2 - - - 2

10.5 Dairy Engineering 2 - - - 2

11 Agricultural Engineering

11.1 Agricultural Structures & Process Engineering/Process & Food Engineering

2 - - - 2

11.2 Farm Machinery & Power

2 1 - - 3

11.3 Soil & Water Conservation Engineering

2 - - - 2

12 Home Science

12.1 Child Development 2 - - - 2

12.2 Foods & Nutrition 2 - - - 2

12.3 Home Management/ Family Resource Management

1 1 - - 2

12.4 Home Science Extension Education

1 - 1 - 2

12.5 Textiles and Clothing 2 - - - 2

13 Fisheries Science & Technology

13.1 Fisheries Science 4 - 1 - 5

13.2 Fish Processing Technology

2 - - - 2

14 Agricultural Economics, Statistics & Extension Education

14.1 Agricultural Economics

3 1 - - 4

14.2 Agricultural Extension 3 - 1 - 4

14.3 Agricultural Statistics 2 - - - 2

Total 156 30 16 6 202 * 3% reservation in ICAR SRF(PGS) for Physically handicapped (PH) category will be horizontal across all

categories, i.e. such candidates would draw SRF from the GEN/SC/ST category to which they belong

Note: Eligibility qualification is Master's degree in the relevant subject

3.0 CONDITIONS FOR THE AWARD OF SRF(PGS)

(i) ICAR-SRF (PGS) will be awarded on the basis of merit secured in the All India Competitive Entrance Examination for ICAR-SRF (PGS) leading to admission in Ph. D. degree programme in State Agricultural Universities (SAUs), Deemed-to-be-Universities of ICAR (IARI New Delhi, IVRI Izatnagar, NDRI Karnal and CIFE Mumbai), SHIATS (Allahabad), Central Agricultural University (Imphal, Manipur), and Central Universities having faculty of agriculture, viz. Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Viswa Bharati, and Nagaland University (School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development) hereinafter referred to as the Agricultural Universities (AUs). The fellowship will NOT be available for admission in any university other than the AUs as mentioned above.

(ii) The fellowship will be admissible to persons of Indian Nationality as defined in the Constitution of India or persons domiciled in India.

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(iii) Fellowship would be granted only when the candidate gets eventually admitted and pursues Ph. D. degree from an Agricultural University (AU) other than the Agricultural University (AU) of completing M. Sc./ M.V.Sc./ M.F.Sc./ M.E./ M.Tech. degree, except for ICAR - Deemed-to-be Universities.

(iv) ICAR-SRF (PGS) will be effective from the date of registering in the Ph.D. programme in any Agricultural University or effective from the date of award of ICAR- SRF (PGS), whichever is later. The award of ICAR-SRF (PGS) can be availed within a period of one year from the date of issue of the award letter for seeking admission in Ph.D. programme in the qualifying subject at any Agricultural University (AU) as per Annexure-V. It will not be extended under any circumstances.

(v) If already registered as full time Ph.D. Scholar, he/she should not have completed two years on the date of examination. The onus of verification shall lie with the candidate and the admitting University.

(vi) Duration of ICAR-SRF (PGS) will be f o r three years and in no case it will be extended beyond the period of three years.

(vii) SRF will be awarded subject to verification of credentials by the University/Institute where the candidate seeks admission.

(viii) No TA and DA will be paid to the candidate for appearing in the Examination at the Centres or for joining the University.

(ix) For admissions, eligibility conditions of the admitting University/Institute will be applicable.

(x) In case of in-service candidates, t h e f e l l o w s h i p w i l l b e a w a r d e d p r o v i d e d t h e awardee joins the University/Institute other than where he/she is working. F o r s uch candidates, in receipt of full/partial leave salary from their parent organization, the amount of ICAR-SRF shall be limited to Rs.3,000/- p.m. in addition to the research contingency as applicable to fresh candidates.

(xi) The fellowship will be tenable only at the University/Institute where Ph.D. programme consists of both course and research work.

4.0 ELIGIBILTY REQUIREMENTS

Indian nationals having completed their Master’s Degree programme with a minimum of 55 per cent marks or equivalent OGPA from any recognized University in India and abroad would be eligible. For SC/ST and Physically Handicapped candidates, the minimum percentage of marks will be relaxed by 5 per cent or equivalent OGPA. The equivalence of OGPA to percent marks, where needed, will be certified by the Registrar of the concerned University and must be produced by the candidates. Candidates appearing in the final semester would also be eligible provided they complete the Postgraduate degree in all respects by the date of examination, i . e . 2 1

s t A p r i l , 2 0 1 3 and produce the degree-

completion certificate from the Registrar to this effect. The candidates who have already joined Ph.D. and completed more than two years as on the date of examination are not eligible to apply for SRF(PGS). The above e l i g i b i l i t y conditions will also apply to in-service candidates. It is the sole responsibility of the candidate to check his/her eligibility for SRF(PGS) examination and seeking subsequent admission before applying. ICAR will not be held responsible for refusing ICAR-SRF(PGS) to any ineligible candidate. The candidates kindly note that:

(i) Senior Research Fellowship is a financial assistance given by ICAR for pursuing Ph.D. degree in the field of Agriculture and Allied sciences.

(ii) Merely qualifying the examination will not guarantee SRF. Only those candidates will be eligible for SRF who come in the merit list and join the University within stipulated time.

(iii) Candidates will have to take admission on their own and there will not be any responsibility of ICAR in securing admission for the candidates.

(iv) For many courses, the Universities have diversified eligibility conditions. The candidate has to meet the prescribed eligibility conditions of the University where admission is sought.

(v) The in-service candidates qualifying for SRF will arrange for study leave/leave of the kind due from their respective organizations themselves and ICAR will not intervene in this regard.

(vi) The in-service candidates must be working in ICAR Institutes, SAUs, CAU, CUs having faculty of agriculture, Central Government/State Government Departments dealing in agriculture and allied sectors and Public Sector Undertakings dealing with agriculture and allied sectors (Annexure III).

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5.0 AGE

The minimum and maximum age limit shall be 21 years and 30 years, respectively for General

Category. Relaxation in upper age limit by 5 years will be admissible to candidates from SC/ST and PH

categories. For candidates belonging to OBC category, relaxation in upper age limit by 3 years will be admissible.

For in-service candidates, the maximum age limit shall be 45 years in all cases. The crucial date for determining the minimum and maximum age limit for all categories will be the date of examination.

Candidates seeking age relaxation should submit an attested copy of the Caste Certificate as per

proforma given in the Information Bulletin at Annexure – VI (for SC/ST candidates) and Annexure VII ( for OBC candidates) along with the confirmation copy of online application.

6.0 RESERVATION

The 15% of the total SRFs are reserved for SC, 7.5% for ST and 3% for PH candidates, subject to their

being otherwise eligible. The responsibility of verification of the genuineness of SC/ST/OBC and PH

certificates will be of the concerned Agricultural University (AU) where the candidate has been granted admission.

If suitable candidates are not found for reserved fellowships for PH candidates, the same will be filled

as per merit from respective category. In case sufficient number of candidates of a category in a particular sub-subject under Major Subject Group are not available, the fellowships will not be

awarded/transferred to another category.

A Physically Handicapped (PH)/Visually Handicapped (VH) person seeking to apply for this

examination should submit an attested copy of certificate of being handicapped from a Government

Hospital/ Medical Board as per Annexure-IV along with his/her confirmation copy of online application.

“A visually challenged (blind) candidate, can request for the services of amanuensis (Scribe) who must be one grade junior in academic qualification i.e. not more than graduate in the present case and should not be related to the candidate. For amanuensis, the candidate must submit a separate request letter, at least one week in advance, to the concerned Nodal Officer of the Examination City Centre (Annexure-II) giving a copy of the Physical Disability/PH Certificate issued by Govt. Hospital/Medical Board (Annexure-IV). The services of amanuensis (Scribe) who should be from academic discipline other than that of the candidate, shall be provided free of cost by the Nodal Officer. The scribe will have to give a suitable undertaking, confirming that the scribe fulfils all the stipulated eligibility criteria for a scribe as mentioned above. In case, later on, it is proved that the candidate has suppressed material facts, the candidature of the applicant will stand cancelled, irrespective of the outcome of result of the written test. Such candidates who use a scribe shall be eligible for extra time of 30 minutes for Paper-I and 50 minutes for Paper-II during examination”.

7.0 PROCEDURE FOR APPLICATION Application will be allowed to be submitted ONLINE only. No application in any other form will be accepted and summarily rejected.

Online Application and downloadable Information Bulletin will be available on ICAR website from 26th

December, 2012 to 15th February, 2013. A Demo Online Application Form will also be available on the

website for practice by the candidates before final online submission of application. The candidate has to visit www.icar.org.in and click the option of filling online application for SRF (PGS)-2013. The candidate should download and carefully study the Information Bulletin before filling the form online. During filling of prescribed online form, candidate can either opt for making fee payment through Bank Challan of Syndicate Bank or Credit / Debit card using Payment Gateway of Syndicate Bank/NEFT.

a. Making payment through Bank Challan

After filling the Online Application, candidate has to take a print-out of the computer generated confirmation copy of application and bank challan (in 3 copies) through which he/she has to deposit prescribed fee in the nearest Syndicate Bank branch. Bank will return two copies of duly stamped challan. Candidate will retain his/her copy of the challan. He / she will enclose the ICAR's copy (duly

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stamped by the bank) with his/her filled in computer generated confirmation copy of application and send it to COE (Edn.) by post at the given address along with other documents.

b. Making payment through Credit / Debit card using Payment Gateway of Syndicate Bank

During online filling of the form, candidate can also opt for making fee payment through Credit/Debit card using Payment Gateway of Syndicate Bank. In this case, the candidate can make payment directly without visiting the bank. Receipt of such payment/application is confirmed immediately.

While filling the Online form, candidate can upload soft copy of his /her clear, recent, passport size colour photograph, signature and thumb impression. If he / she is unable to do so then he/she has to paste a recent passport size (3.5 x 4.5 cm) colour photograph, put the signature and thumb impression on the computer generated copy of application at specified places and send to COE (Edn.) by post at the given address.

c. Making payment through NEFT

While filling the form, the candidate may also opt for 'Payment through NEFT'. When candidate has

selected this option, after filling the form, a NEFT Challan shall be generated. The candidate can take a

print out of this Challan and send NEFT remittance through any branch of any Scheduled Bank. In such

cases, the candidate must fill the information as available in the NEFT Challan generated through ICAR

website. The candidate must obtain the UTR number from the Bank through which they have sent

NEFT remittance. The candidate is required to enclose a photocopy of the Bank’s challan bearing the

UTR number along with the application without fail.

After obtaining the UTR number, the candidate is required to visit the ICAR website again and upload the UTR number details in the website. Candidate is requested to ensure that only correct UTR details are entered in the Online Application on website, as incorrect details shall lead to rejection of the application without further correspondence in the matter. No Bank charges are payable for Payment through NEFT mode.

A candidate can apply for ICAR-SRF for one Major Subject Group only. No change would be allowed thereafter. It is mandatory for the candidate to send the following documents along with the

computer generated confirmation copy of online application:

(a) Proof of payment of application fee

(b) Office copy of the duly attested admit card

(c) Caste certificate (SC/ST/OBC - wherever applicable)

(d) Certificate of PD/PH, wherever applicable

(e) Attested photocopy of (i)UG Degree (ii) PG Degree iii) UG Mark Sheet and iv) PG Mark Sheet The print-out of the computer generated confirmation copy of online application along with the above mentioned documents should be sent so as to reach positively by 15

th February, 2013 by

Registered/Speed-Post only to: Controller of Examinations (Edn) Education Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Room No. 216, Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan-II, Pusa, New Delhi- 110 012 Computer generated confirmation copy of online application from remote areas such as Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland, Tripura, Sikkim, J&K, Lahaul and Spiti District and Pangi Sub-division of Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh, Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep must reach by 22

nd February, 2013 to the office of COE (Edn). Applications sent through

Courier services shall not be accepted. Hard copy of the application sent without the accompanying documents indicated above will not be considered. Council shall not be responsible for any postal delay/ loss in transit in respect of submission of hard copy of Online Application. Candidates are advised to retain a copy of (i) Computer generated copy of application (ii) candidate copy of admit card (iii) three identical copies of recent passport size (3.5 x 4.5 cm) colour photographs as pasted on computer generated copy

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of application (iv) copy of proof of payment of application fee and (v) Proof of postal dispatch of application.

Admit Cards for the Examination will not be sent separately by Post. The same will be uploaded on the

ICAR website, (www.icar.org.in) after 3rd

week of March, 2013, from where the candidate can either

download and get it attested as specified or note down the relevant details (venue of examination, Roll

Number etc.) and fill it in the candidate copy of Admit Card for appearing in the examination.

The records of the SRF (PGS) Competitive Examination shall be preserved for a period of six months only from the declaration of results.

For any future correspondences, the Major Subject Group Code (MSGC), sub-subject with

code along with the examination city centre to which the admission is sought must be quoted.

8.0 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILLING OF ONLINE APPLICATION FORM

The Online Application has to be filled up carefully by the candidate after thoroughly reading the instructions given in the Information Bulletin uploaded on ICAR website. Each item has to be attended and carefully filled up before final submission of the Online Application. After filling the requisite information and successful submission, the candidate has to take a print-out of the computer generated confirmation copy of his/her application. If not uploaded, paste your recent passport size (3.5 x 4.5 cm) colour photograph, put signatures (in running hand and NOT IN CAPITALS) and thumb impression (LTI for males and RTI for females) in the specified boxes. The candidate must not forget to reproduce the underlined part of declaration – " I agree to abide by the rules and regulations governing the examination and as contained in the Information Bulletin" in his/her own handwriting in the space provided for the purpose. It is mandatory to send (i) proof of payment of application fee (ii) duly filled-in Office Copy of Admit Card (iii) Attested photocopy of UG Degree Certificate (iv) Attested photocopy of final UG Marksheet (v) Attested photocopy of PG Degree Certificate (vi) Attested photocopy of final PG Marksheet (vii) Caste Certificate (SC/ST/PH/OBC) and (viii) Disability Certificate, if applicable, issued by a Govt. Hospital/Medical Board along with the confirmation copy of online application. The candidates should not fold and staple the computer generated confirmation copy of application and the accompanying documents and send those in a suitable-sized envelope superscribed "APPLICATION FOR SRF(PGS)-2013" mentioning Major Subject and Sub-Subject Names with Code Nos., through SPEED/REGISTERED POST ONLY so as to positively reach “The Controller of Examinations (Edn), Education Division, R. No. 216, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan-II, Pusa, New Delhi-110012 on or before 15.02.2013 (from non-remote areas) and 22.02.2013 (from remote areas as specified in the Information Bulletin). The candidates are advised to retain a copy each of the (i) Computer generated confirmation copy of application (ii) proof of payment of application fee (iii) candidate copy of admit card (iv) three identical copies of recent passport size (3.5 x 4.5 cm) colour photographs as uploaded/pasted on computer generated confirmation copy of application (v) Proof of postal dispatch of application.

If a candidate furnishes wrong information or suppresses any relevant information regarding his name, age, category, examination city centre, state of domicile, major and sub-subject code,

OGPA/CGPA/Percent of marks, etc. no subsequent request for any corrections will be entertained.

9.0 SELECTION OF THE CANDIDATES

Candidates will be selected on the basis of merit in this Competitive Examination and their past academic

performance. Merit weightage would be 75% for the examination and 25% for academic performance. The

marks of Paper-I and Paper-II both will be added for total score in the Examination. The weightage for

academic performance will be 10% for U.G. and 15% for P.G. For example, a candidate scoring 64%

marks (or equivalent CGPA/OGPA) in U.G., if competes for the SRF examination, gets (64) × (10/100) = 6.4 marks on this account. Whereas, if he/ she has scored 70% marks (or equivalent CGPA) in M.Sc./ M.V.Sc., etc. his/her score for P.G. will be (70) × (15/100) = 10.5 marks. The total of these two, i.e. 6.4

+10.5 = 16.9 marks, will be added to his/her marks scored in written examination (The written

examination will have weightage of 75%). Ranking would be arrived at with the top ranks for highest score

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and subsequent ranks for lesser scores. In the event of a tie in total score, the candidate with higher

marks in written examination will be ranked senior.

Final ranking for SRF would be drawn subject area-wise and category-wise on the basis of marks obtained by a candidate in the written examination (25% weightage for Paper I and 50% weightage for Paper II) and his/her academic performance at undergraduate and postgraduate level (25% weightage). Candidates who fail to produce attested copies of their degree and final mark sheets by the date of examination, will not be considered at all for evaluation/award of fellowship.

The in-service candidates will be awarded SRF, only if they come in the overall merit list of their concerned subject areas.

A list of those candidates who qualify as per cut-off marks, but do not come in the merit list for award of SRF will also be prepared and circulated to the Agricultural Universities to facilitate their admission in Ph.D. without grant of SRF. Candidates qualified in SRF(PGS) examination with or without Senior Research Fellowship (SRF) may be considered for admission to PhD programme against 25 % quota prescribed by the Universities. However, the candidate may have to adhere to the additional criteria/procedure, if any, of admission as prescribed by the concerned University. No separate intimation will be made to those candidates who fail to qualify in ICAR SRF(PGS) examination. No queries in this regard, whatsoever, will be entertained from such candidates.

10.0 VALUE AND TENURE OF FELLOWSHIP

The Fellowship will be awarded to the candidates seeking admission in the listed State Agricultural Universities, ICAR Deemed-to-be Universities, Central Universities having faculty of agriculture, Central Agricultural University or any other approved University/ Institute under NARS where Ph.D. Degree programme consists of course work with definite credit hours and research work/thesis. The fellowship will be at the following rates:

Postgraduate other than in Veterinary Science Rs. 12,000/- p.m. (fixed) for 1st & 2nd year Rs. 14,000/- p.m. (fixed) for 3rd year

Postgraduate in Veterinary Science Rs. 14,000/- p.m. (fixed) for 1st & 2nd year Rs. 15,000/- p.m. (fixed) for 3rd year

Contingent grant of Rs. 10,000/- per year for procurement of essential chemicals, books, and travel connected with research work will be uni form ly paid to all the awardees including in-service candidates.

11.0 EXAMINATION PROCEDURE

11.1 General Scheme of Examination The candidate who fulfills the eligibility requirement may appear in the written competitive examination. There will be two papers in written examination, i.e. Paper – I & Paper – II. The m ed ium of examination will be English only.

Paper – I: This paper will be a composite paper on General Knowledge common for all subjects. The questions will be designed to test the ability of candidate’s awareness of the environment around him / her and its application to the society. It will contain questions on General Knowledge in Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Dairying, Fisheries and Allied Sciences, etc. including current events and such matters of everyday observation and experience as may be expected to be known to a research scholar. It will be of one and a half hour (90 minutes) duration having 100 objective type OMR based questions with multiple choice answers, for a total of 100 marks. The weightage of this paper will be 25%. There will be negative marking (–25%/-0.25 marks) for each wrong answer. The paper will be evaluated through computer (optical) scanning.

Paper – II: This paper will also be objective type having subject - specific multiple choice OMR based questions. This paper will be of two and a half hours (150 minutes) duration, having a total of 200 objective type questions with multiple choice answers, for a total of 200 marks. These 200 questions in each major subject group paper would generally cover questions from all the sub-subjects listed under each major subject. The weightage of this paper will be 50%. The OMR answer sheets will be evaluated through computer (optical) scanning. Paper – II of

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only those candidates will be evaluated who qualify in Paper – I. Cut-off percentage for Paper – I would be decided at the time of evaluation with the consent of Competent Authority/DDG (Edn). No candidate will be permitted to enter the examination hall 30 minutes after the actual time of start of examination and no extra time will be given to the candidates entering examination hall after the actual time of start of examination.

11.2 Checking/Changing Question Booklet

Candidate will not open the Question Booklet until asked to do so by the invigilator. Before attempting questions the candidate must check Question Booklet for any defect in printing/number of pages, serial order of the questions etc. and ensure that Question Booklet given to him/her is numbered and contains pages as written on top of the first page. In case of any discrepancy/ defect, the candidate should immediately report to the Invigilator concerned and get the Question Booklet changed. Change of question booklet would not be permitted after 30 minutes from the start of examination. The candidate shall not remove any page(s) from the Question Booklet and if any page(s) is/are found missing from his/her Question Booklet, it will be treated as use of unfair means and shall render him/her liable for action/cancellation of candidature. The candidate will hand over Question Booklet and OMR answer sheet to the invigilator(s) on duty before leaving the examination hall. If the candidate fails to do so, it will be treated as use of unfair means and he/she will stand disqualified from the examination besides inviting further necessary action.

11.3 Writing Answers on OMR Answer Sheet

OMR Answer Sheet used in the examination will be of special type amenable to scanning through Optical Scanner. There will be two sides of the OMR Answer Sheet, Side-I, containing particulars of candidate instructions and Side-II, containing circles/bubbles, Major subject Code, Sub-subject Code, Question Booklet No., Roll No., Category, Examination City Centre Code and Answer Column, etc. which are to be filled only using black/blue ball-point pen. The candidate should bring his/her own good quality black/ blue ball-point pen for the examination.

A specimen copy of OMR Answer Sheet will be uploaded on www.icar.org.in one week before the day of examination.

Side - I

Item No. 1–4: Write Full Name, Father’s Name, Roll Number and Examination City Centre Code in column 1 to 4 exactly as given in the admit card.

Item No. 5 & 6: Fill-in Major Subject Group name (in full) and Sub-subject Group name (in full)

Item No. 7& 8 : Fill in Major Subject Code No. and Sub-subject Code No.

Item No. 9: Put your signature in full in the given box, which must match with the signature as recorded in the computer generated confirmation copy of application and the Admit Card (Office Copy)

Item No. 10: This box must be signed by the invigilator otherwise OMR answer sheet will not be evaluated.

Side - II

Item No. 11-12: Fill-in the numeric Major Subject Code and Sub-subject Code No. and darken the corresponding bubbles as filled in at Sr. No. 7 & 8 on Side-I.

Item No. 13: Fill-in the Question Booklet Number and correctly darken the corresponding bubbles as indicated on the Question Booklet.

Item No. 14: Fill in your Roll number, writing one digit in each box and also darken the corresponding circle/bubble in the vertical columns underneath.

Item No. 15: Fill in and darken the circle/bubble for Reservation Category being claimed.

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NOTE:

(a) In case columns 11 (Major Subject Code No.) & 12 ( Sub-subject Code No.) are left blank or filled wrongly, the candidate would expose himself/herself to the risk of evaluation under wrong Major Subject-Group for which candidate himself/herself would be responsible. ICAR would not entertain any correspondence in this regard.

(b) In the event of leaving column 15 (Category) of OMR Answer sheet blank or filling wrongly, the candidate would be evaluated under General Category.

Item No. 16: In every question booklet, there are multiple-choice objective type questions numbering from 001 to 100 in Paper-I and 001 to 200 in Paper-II. There is a corresponding answer-row on the Side-II of OMR Answer sheet, comprising of four circles/bubbles for recording correct answer to the question by darkening the appropriate circle/bubbles marked with options A, B, C and D using only black/blue ball point pen. Only one of these four options is the most appropriate and correct. The candidate is required to indicate his/her answer to the question by darkening the appropriate circle/bubble completely. For example, the Question No.004 in the Question Booklet may read as follows:

Q. No. 004.The unit of velocity is:

(A) ms-2 (B) ms-1

(C) ms2 (D) ms

If the correct answer to this question is (B) i.e. ms-1, the candidate will locate question No. 004 in the answer sheet and darken the circle/ bubble marked (B) as shown below:

Q. No. 004 A B C D

If the candidate does not want to attempt a question or is not absolutely sure of the answer, he/she should not mark any of the circles/bubbles given against that question. The candidates should note that there will be negative marking (–25%/-0.25 marks) for each wrong answer in Paper-I.

11.3.1 Changing an Answer

The candidate will answer on the OMR Answer sheet by darkening the appropriate circle/bubble with black/blue ball-point pen and once marked, the answer will not be allowed to change as the computer processing will automatically discredit marking of more than one answers to a question during evaluation. Candidate must also ensure that he/she does not leave any visible mark in answer column/bubble, otherwise the answer may be treated as wrong.

11.3.2 Wrong/Incorrect Way of Marking

If more than one circle/bubble is darkened or if the answer is marked in any manner other than the one as shown above, it shall be treated as wrong. A lightly/faintly darkened circle/bubble or otherwise marked circle/bubble will also be read by the Optical Scanner during scanning and the answer whether right or wrong shall not be the responsibility of the Council and the onus will lie on the candidate on account of incorrect way of marking. Any indicative marking or stray marks on the OMR answer sheet shall be treated as an act of unfair means and discredit the candidate during optical scanning. The candidate must also ensure that the OMR answer sheet is not folded/ wrinkled.

11.3.3 Rough Work

The candidate will not do any rough work or writing work on the OMR answer sheet. Rough work, if any, must be done on the pages provided for rough work in the Question Booklet.

11.3.4 No Re-Checking/ Re-Evaluation of OMR Answer Sheets:

No representation for re-evaluation/re-checking shall be entertained as answer sheets of the Competitive Examination are in the format of OMR sheets which are evaluated through computerized scanning/processing. However, the candidate may be allowed to inspect his/her own OMR Answer Sheet or given a copy thereof, if such representation/request is submitted by the candidate in his or her own hand writing and signature within 15 days from the date of declaration of result on ICAR website along

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with a copy of admit card, Confirmation copy of Application and Demand Draft of ` 300/- drawn in favour

of "ICAR Unit -Education Division, ICAR, New Delhi" payable at New Delhi.

12.0 LEGAL JURISDICTION All disputes pertaining to the conduct of examination and any other issues relating to All India Competitive Examination conducted by the ICAR for SRF leading to Ph.D. Degree shall fall within the jurisdiction of Delhi Courts only. As per Rules and Bye-laws of ICAR, it may sue or be sued in the name of Secretary, ICAR.

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ANNEXURE I

SYLLABUS FOR THE COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR THE

SELECTION OF ICAR SRF(PGS)

PAPER-I

Section 1:

• History and Geography of India—Events of significance with specific reference to scientific, cultural and economic life in

India.

• General Awareness - Current events and analysis of their significance, books, authors, persons, awards, places, projects,

sports and athletics.

• Famous personalities and their achievements in Arts/Science/Social life and trends of thought.

• Major development programmes in India relating to poverty alleviation, agriculture, rural development, etc. Five-Year

Plans and their achievements—changes in the economic policies in the country and their impact on the agricultural

scenario.

Section 2:

• Agriculture in India - Basic information and data on the natural resources of the country; Agro-climatic and agro-ecological

zones, Crops and their production; agricultural inputs and their use.

• Basic information on animal sciences and fisheries; Major breeds of livestock and their geographic distribution; Information

on production and major recent achievements.

• Nutrition and agriculture - Basic information on foods and human nutrition.

• Quantitative analysis of data relating to agriculture/animal sciences/fisheries. Drawing of conclusions from data, based

upon reasoning and logic.

• Policies in India relating to science, industry, agricultural, forestry. World trade agreement and its possible impact on

Indian agriculture.

• Current trends and achievements in science and scientific research on the global scene. Recent scientific achievements

of significance in the country in major areas and their impact on agriculture, animal and fisheries.

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PAPER-II

1. PLANT SCIENCES

(1.1 Agronomy, 1.2 Genetics, 1.3 Plant Breeding, 1.4 Seed Technology) 1.1. AGRONOMY

Section 1: Basic Principles Evaluation of scientific agriculture in India and the world. Origin and distribution of field crops. Physical, chemical and

biological factors affecting growth and development of field crops. Modern concepts of tillage. Cropping patterns and systems.

Laws of agrobiology. Root development and distribution. Plant growth analysis. Plant population, sowing techniques, time and

depth. Crop yield components. Constraints in crop production and factors for crop yield maximization

Section 2: Crop Ecology and Geography Geography of cereals, legumes, oilseeds, vegetables, fodders and forages, commercial, spices and condiment crops,

medicinal and masticatory crops. Environmental factors affecting distribution and adaptation of crops. Agro-ecological and

agro-climatic regions. Ecological factors affecting crop growth. Crop yield and agro-meteorological relationships. Crop yields

and ecological optima. Adverse climatic factors and crop productivity. Soil and groundwater pollution by fertilizers

and herbicides.

Section 3: Weed Management Scope and principles of weed management. Weed-classification, biology, ecology and allelopathy. Crop weed competition.

Herbicides-classification, formulation, mode of action, selectivity and resistance. Persistence of herbicides in soils and plants.

Application-methods and equipment. Biological weed control, bio-herbicides and myco-herbicides, Integrated weed management.

Special weeds, parasitic and aquatic weeds and their management in crops, cropping systems, and non-cropped lands.

Section 4: Water Management Soil-water-plant relationships. Water movement in saturated and unsaturated soils. Soil moisture stress and plant growth.

History of water resources development in India. Major irrigation projects in India and irrigation project planning.

Modern concepts in irrigation management. Methods of determining water and irrigation requirements of field crops.

Consumptive use of water and methods of computation including empirical formulae Quality of irrigation water. Scheduling of

irrigation under assured and limited water supply. Factors affecting water use efficiency. Water management in field crops

and cropping systems. Methods of irrigation-merits and limitations. Conjunctive use of water.

Section 5: Soil and Fertilizer Use History of soil fertility and fertilizer use. Concept of essentiality of plant nutrients, their availability, management and

diagnostic techniques. Concepts of soil fertility and productivity. Organic matter and organic manures. Green

manuring. Cropping systems and soil fertility relationships. Fertilizer materials, their classification, composition, mineralization,

availability and reaction products in relation to crop nutrition. Principles and methods of fertilizer application. Fertilizer use

efficiency in different situations. Integrated nutrient management.

Section 6: Dryland Agronomy History and development of dryland agriculture in India, crop selection criteria for drylands. Concept of intercropping/

mixed cropping in drylands. Precipitation-collection, conservation and utilization. Crop production under moisture

stress situations. Contingency crop planning for aberrant weather conditions. Use of mulches and transpiration

suppressants, Fertilizer management in dryland crops. Cropping patterns and crop diversification in dryland.

Section 7: Crop Production in Problem Areas Principles of field drainage. Excess soil water and plant growth. Cropping systems/patterns on poorly drained soils.

Problem soils and their distribution in India. Management of acid, saline and alkali soils. Excess salt and water tolerant crops.

Crop production techniques in problem soils.

Section 8: Crop Production Crop production techniques for cereals, legumes, oilseeds, fibre crops, sugarcane, tobacco, potato, onion, fodder and

pasture crops including history, distribution, season, adaptability, climate, soil and water requirements, and

component technology, quality characteristics, uses and seed production techniques.

Section 9: Agricultural Statistics Frequency distribution, mean, media and mode, Correlation and response function. Tests of significance-t, f and chi; -

square tests. Designs of experiments—basic principles, completely randomized, randomized block design, Latin square

split, strip, factorial and simple confounding designs.

Section 10: Sustainable Land Use Systems Concept of sustainability. Alternate land use systems. Types, extent and causes of wastelands. Shifting cultivation.

History and concept of agro-forestry. Types of agro-forestry systems. Energy and fuel wood plantations. Agricultural and ago-

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industrial residues and their recycling/safe disposal. Allelopathy and biomass production. Bioenergetics of crop production

systems.

1. 2. GENETICS

Section 1: Basic Genetic Principles Mendelian inheritance. Structure, organization and division of cells. Physical basis of heredity. Sex linkage and sex

determination. Linkage and crossing over, detection and estimation of linkage. Gene mapping in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Gene concept, allelism and fine structure of the gene, Extra-chromosomal inheritance, male sterility and incompatibility.

Section 2: Genetic Material Structure, function, replication and repair. Primary and secondary structures of DNA and RNA, Genetic code. Gene-

enzyme relationships. Transcription and RNA processing. Translation. Gene regulation in prokaryotes and

eukaryotes. Dynamic genome—insertion sequences, transposable elements, genome organization and repetitive DNA.

DNA restriction and modification. Chloroplast, and mitochondrial genomes.

Section 3: Chromosomes Structure, function and replication. Chromosomal differentiation and banding techniques. Chromosome labeling and

in situ hybridization. Karyotype. Artificial chromosomes. Special types of chromosomes.

Section 4: Structural and Numerical Variations of Chromosomes Interchanges, inversions, duplications and deletions. Polyploids, haploids, aneuploids and their utility. Chromosomal

manipulation. Cytogenetic techniques for gene location and gene transfer. Wide hybridization.

Section 5: Genome Analysis and Cytogenetics of Crop Plants Wheat, maize, rice, Brassica, cotton, Vigna, potato and sugarcane.

Section 6: Mutation Induction, detection and utilization of mutation. Mutagens. Molecular mechanisms of mutation. Directed mutagenesis,

Transposon-induced mutations.

Section 7: Genetics of Development Genome constancy in development. Nucleo-cytoplasmic interaction. Differential gene expression. Gene amplification.Cell determination, tissue differentiation and pattern formation. Homeotic genes. Double fertilization. Embryo and endosperm development. Seed storage protein synthesis. Human genetic disorders.

Section 8: Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Artificial synthesis of gene. Gene cloning and vectors. Genomic and c-DNA library. Transposon tagging. DNA sequencing.

Nucleic acid hybridization and immune-chemical detection. Chromosome walking RFLP, RAPD and PCR approaches. Molecular

markers for crop improvement. Recombinant DNA technology. Antisense RNA and ribozymes. Genetic transformation and

transgenics.

Section 9: Population Genetics Gene and genotypic frequencies and forces changing gene frequency. Concept of natural, idealized and non-idealized

populations. Hardy-Weinberg Law. Linkage disequilibrium. Small populations and genetic drift. Inbreeding and systems of

inbreeding. Genetic load. Polymorphism.

Section 10: Quantitative and Biometrical Genetics Quantitative character. Multiple factor inheritance, polygenic variation. Concept of breeding value. Heritability. Selection

response. Mating designs-diallel and line x tester. Combining ability, basic concepts and estimation of gene effects. Components

of variance and their partitioning. Random and fixed effect models. Genotype x environmental interactions. Heterosis.

Section 11: Statistics Frequency distribution, Measures of central tendency. probability theory and its implications in genetics, probability

distributions and tests of significance. Correlation, linear, partial and multiple regression. Genetic divergence. D2 Design of

experiments-basic principles, CRD, RBD and Split plot.

1.3. PLANT BREEDING

Section 1: Role of Plant Breeding in Agriculture Objectives of plant breeding. Development of plant breeding from ancient time. Early plant breeders and their~

accomplishments. Characteristics improved by plant breeding.

Section 2: Reproductive Systems Cell division, gametogenesis and fertilization. Sexual and asexual reproduction. Apomixis. Incompatibility and male sterility

systems and their use in plant breeding.

Section 3: Genetic Principles Mendelian principles of inheritance. Linkage and crossing over. Mutation. Chromosomal aberrations and polyploidy.

Extrachromosomal inheritance.

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Section 4: Quantitative Inheritance and Selection Drift. Inbreeding, inbreeding depression and heterosis. Combining ability and heritability. Responses to selection, types of

selection, and correlated response to selection. Mating systems. Estimation of variance components and covariance among

relatives.

Section 5: Breeding plans Basic schemes: Pure lines and inbred lines. Breeding methods for improvement of self-pollinated plants, cross-pollinated

plants and clones. Component and transgressive breeding. Backcrossing. Single-seed descent method. Multi-lines. Intra-and

inter-population improvement methods. Development of synthetics and composites. Genetic basis of heterosis and development

of hybrid cultivars. Concept of plant ideotype and its role in crop improvement.

Section 6: Genotype × Environment Interactions Types of interactions. Assessment of genotype x environment interactions. Selection of testing locations. Allocations of

resources. Stability of genotype performance and its estimation.

Section 7: Breeding for Biotic and Abiotic Stresses Kinds of resistance. Mechanisms for disease and insect resistance. Breeding for specific resistance and general resistance.

Breeding for quality traits and for resistance to heat, frost, flood, drought and soil stresses.

Section 8: Special Techniques for Plant Improvement Use of cytogenetical and biotechnological tools and techniques-haploids, aneuploids, wide-hybridization, embryoculture,

meristem culture, cell and tissue culture, somaclonal variation, protoplast fusion, RFLP, RAPD, QTL and molecular marker

assisted selection, gene tagging and antisense RNA technology.

Section 9: Genetic Resources and Germplasm Conservation Centers of origin, New domestication and new adaptation. Need for conservation strategy. Methods of maintenance.

Section 10: Release, Seed Production and Distribution of Cultivars Objectives and types of trials. Design of trials and trial systems. Breeder Seed multiplication. Hybrid seed production.

production of parental lines. Identification and release of varieties. Seed certification and regulatory agencies. Plant Breeder’s

right and variety protection.

Section 11: Statistical Methods and Field Plot Techniques Sources of variation. Field plot techniques and methods for increasing accuracy of field experiments. Design of

experiments and analysis of variance. Factorial schemes. Complete and incomplete block design, augmented design, grid

and honeycomb designs. Hill plots, unreplicated evaluation. Data collection and interpretation. Correlation and regression.

Tests of significance (t, F and chi-square).

1. 4. SEED TECHNOLOGY

Section 1: Seed Biology Floral biology, mode of reproduction, sporogenesis, pollination, fertilization, embryogenesis, fruit and seed development.

Apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony and somatic embryoids. Seed structure of monocot and dicot. Chemical composition

of seeds. Seed dormancy—types, causes, mechanisms in induction and release, factors affecting, methods to overcome, bud

dormancy, and significance in agriculture. Seed germination-requirements, imbibition pattern, physiological and biochemical

changes, and role of hormones. Seed invigoration procedures.

Section 2: Seed Production Introduction to crop breeding methods. Variety testing, release and notification. Genetic purity, concept, and factors

responsible for deterioration of varieties. Maintenance breeding. Generation system of seed multiplication. Seed production

agencies. Identification of seed production areas and factors affecting. Compact area approach in seed production. Seed

production planning, equipment, input and manpower requirement. Factors affecting pollination and seed set—temperature,

humidity, wind velocity, insect pollinators, supplementary pollination. Male sterility, self incompatibility and their role in hybrid

seed production. Principles and methods of seed production of varieties and hybrids of cereals like wheat, paddy, sorghum,

pearlmillet and maize; pulses like chickpea, pigeonpea, greengram, blackgram, soybean and cowpea; oilseeds like groundnut,

brassica, sesame, sunflower and castor; fibre crops like cotton and Jute; vegetable crops like tomato, brinjal, okra,

chilli, important cole and cucurbitaceous crops; important forages legumes and grasses, and true seed production in

potato with reference to land requirements, isolation, roguing, seed crops management, time of harvesting, threshing/extraction

methods. Seed production technology of plantation crops like coffee, tea, rubber, cocoa, cardamom and pepper. Disease-

free clonal propagation of crops like potato, sugarcane, sweet potato, tapioca, colocasia, betelvine; fruit crops like

mango, citrus, banana, guava, sapota, pineapple, grape, apple, pear, plum, peach, apricot, tea rose; and seed

production and clonal propagation of annual and perennial flowers like rose, gladiolus, chrysanthemum, marigold, dahlia,

flex and petunia. Clonal standards and degeneration.

Section 3: Seed Processing Principles of seed processing. Seed drying—principles and methods Pre-cleaning, grading, treating, and packaging.

Seed processing machines like cleaner-cum-grader, specific gravity separator, indented cylinder; seed treater, weighing and

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bagging machines, their operation and maintenance. Seed quality maintenance during processing.

Section 4: Seed Quality Control Seed legislation-Seed Act, seed rules, Seed Control Order and seed law enforcement. Seed certification-

history, concept, organization, phases and minimum certification standards. Field inspection principles and methods.

Inspection at harvesting threshing and processing. Pre-and post- quality testing for genetic purity. Seed testing—concepts

and objectives, role in seed quality control, seed sampling, seed moisture testing, purity analysis, germination testing,

tolerance tests and equipments. Testing of treated and pelleted seeds. Quick viability tests. Seed vigour—concept,

significance in productivity and storage, seed vigour tests. Testing for genuineness of varieties-principles and methods

based on seed, seedling and plant characters, biochemical techniques namely electrophoresis of proteins and isoenzymes

and DNA finger printing.

Section 5: Seed Storage Need for storage. Storage behaviour of orthodox, recalcitrant and intermediary seeds. Factors affecting seed storage

and role of moisture, temperature, RH, and moisture equilibrium. Seed deterioration causes, theories and methods of control.

Packaging materials and hermetic packing. Storage structures. Methods of stacking and their impact. Short-and medium-

term storage. Controlled storage. Germplasm storage. Cryopreservation. Design features of short-medium-and long-term

seed storage buildings. Operation and management of seed stores.

Section 6: Seed Health Significance of seed health. Mode and mechanism of transmission of micro-organisms-fungi, bacteria and

viruses. Procedures for seed health test and rules. Externally and internally seed-borne pathogens, mode of infection,

development and spread. Methods of detection of seed -borne diseases. Important seed-borne diseases of cereals, oilseeds,

pulses, fibre crops, vegetables and their control measures. Use of fungicides, botanicals, mycotoxins and their harmful

effects. Quarantine and international procedures for phyto-sanitary certificate. Important storage pests, their identification,

monitoring and detection, biology, ET value, nature and extent of damage, natural enemies and management. Important

insecticides and their uses. Carry over infestation. Ecological factors. Principles of fumigation and safe use of fumigants.

Botanicals for seed treatment.

Section 7: Seed Marketing Economics of seed production. Market survey, demand forecasting, pricing policies: marketing channels, planning and

sales production. Buyer behaviour and role of Government, semi-Government, co-operative and private sectors in

seed trade. Responsibilities of seed companies and dealers in Seed Act. Seed import and export.

2. SOIL SCIENCE & AGRICULTURALCHEMISTRY

(2.1 Soil Science-Pedology, 2.2 Soil Chemistry/Soil Fertility/Soil Microbiology, 2.3 Soil Physics/Soil And Water Conservation, 2.4 Agricultural Chemistry/Agricultural Chemicals, 2.5 Agricultural Meteorology)

2.1. SOIL SCIENCE—PEDOLOGY

Section 1: Soil Genesis Pedology in relation to other disciplines. Rocks, minerals and other soil-forming materials. Geomorphic processes in land

evolution. Geomorphology in soil mapping. Soil-landscape relationships. Basic concepts of soil genesis. Weathering of rocks

and minerals. Factors of soil formation. Pedogenic processes. Soil development. Pedon, polypedon, profile, horizons and their

nomenclature.

Section 2: Soil Mineralogy Structure, characteristics and identification of soil minerals. Genesis and transformation of clay minerals. Non-crystalline

components of soils.

Section 3: Soil Survey, Mapping and Cartography Soil survey techniques. Types of soil surveys, base maps arid mapping units. Remote-sensing techniques including aerial

photo interpretation for soil resource inventorization, Cartography-techniques for preparation of base maps, soil and

other interpretive maps, processing of field sheet, compilation and abstraction of maps in different scale.

Section 4: Soil Classification Basic concepts and history of soil classification. FAO/UNESCO world soil reference system. USDA Soil Taxonomy—

epipedons, diagnostic subsurface horizons and other diagnostic characteristics; soil moisture and temperature regimes; categories

of the system and their criteria. Orders, sub-orders, great groups and other categories of taxonomic classification.

Soil micromorphology-importance, thin section studies for identification of diagnostic horizons and other pedological features,

and their interpretation for soil genesis and classification. Soils of India and their placement in Soil Taxonomy.

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Section 5: Soil Correlation and Land-Use Planning Soil correlation-concepts and correlation at various levels. Interpretation of soil resources information for agricultural and

non-agricultural uses. Land capability and land irrigability classification. Land evaluation and land use planning. Concept of

bench-mark soils for agro-technology transfer.

Section 6: Soil Physics Soil texture and soil structure—indices and evaluation. Mass-volume relationships in soil. Soil moisture

retention characteristics; energetics of soil water in relation to its availability to plants; water movement in soil, soil water

balance. Soil temperature, heat content and heat flow in soil. Soil air and aeration status. Principles of soil and water

conservation. Different types of soil erosion and its control.

Section 7: Soil Chemistry Chemical composition of soil. Soil reaction. Soil colloids, ion exchange-adsorption and desorption; ion activity and ionic

equilibria in soils. Q/I relationship of nutrient ions; fixation and release of ions. Development, characteristics and management

of saline, sodic, acid and water logged soils.

Section 8: Soil Fertility, Fertilizers and Manures Essential elements in plant nutrition. Soil fertility evaluation—soil testing, plant tissue tests and biological tests. Soil

organic matter decomposition, humus formation and role in soil fertility. Soil organisms, biological N-fixation and nutrient

transformations. Mycorrhiza and plant nutrition. Manures, fertilizers, biofertilizers and their use. Quality control of fertilizers.

Mechanism of ion absorption by plants. Isotopes and their use in agriculture. Distribution, characteristics and fertility status of

major soil groups of India.

Section 9: Methods of Soil Analysis Methods of soil analysis—particle size distribution, bulk and particle density, moisture constants, soil reaction, organic

carbon, alkaline earth carbonates, C.E.C., exchangeable cations, and available nutrients. Instrumental methods, flame photometry,

absorption spectrophotometry, potentiometry, conductimetry, X-ray diffractometry, thermal analysis and polarising microscopy.

Section 10: Statistics Measures of central tendency and dispersion. Correlation and regression. Tests of significance—t and F tests. Principles

of computer use.

2.2. SOIL CHEMISTRY/SOIL FERTILITY/SOIL MICROBIOLOGY

Section 1 Soil as a natural body. Rocks and minerals: their classification, composition and characteristics. Weathering of rocks

and mineral. Soil formation. Chemical composition of soils. Soil orders. Soil survey, classification and mapping. Major soil

groups of India—their characteristics, distribution and fertility status. Land-use classification.

Section 2 Soil physical properties—their evaluation and relation to plant growth. Mass-volume relationship of soil. Soil texture,

structure and consistence. Soil moisture retention characteristics. Energetics of soil water in relation to its availability

to plants. Water and solute movement in Soil. Soil temperature-heat content and heat flow in soil. Soil aeration.

Section 3 Chemical composition of soil. Soil colloids-structure, composition, constitution of clay minerals, genesis of clay minerals

amorphous clays and other non-crystalline silicate minerals, oxide and hydroxide minerals. Organic matter and humus complexes.

Charge development on clays and organic matter. pH-charge relationships. Buffer capacity of soils. Amphoteric nature of soil

colloids.

Section 4 Ion exchange and sorption phenomena. Adsorption isotherms. Cation exchange equations and ratio law. lonic activity in

soil and its measurement. Donnan distribution of ions and its thermodynamic treatment. Double layer theory. Boltzman distribution.

Electro-kinetic phenomena-electro-osmosis, electrophoresis, zeta potential and streaming potential. Chemical equilibria in

soils— acid base equilibria, oxidation-reduction equilibria, etc. Chemistry of waterlogged soils, redox potential and nutrient

availability. Solubility equilibria for carbonates, alumino-silicates, phosphates and iron.

Section 5 Soil organisms, their role in organic matter decomposition and nutrient transformations. Soil organic matter, its

nature, constitution and role in soil formation, soil fertility and plant growth. Mechanisms of humus formation. Soil enzymes.

Biology of root-soil interface. Soil organisms and pedogenesis. Biological equilibria in soil. Biofertilizers. Mycorrhiza and plant

nutrition.

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Section 6 Essential elements in plant nutrition. Transformation of nutrients (N.P, K, S, Fe, Mn) in soil. Manures and fertilizers.

Chemistry of production of different fertilizers. Fertilizer mixtures. Slow release fertilizers and nitrification retarders. Quality

control of fertilizers. Mechanisms of ion absorption by plants—active and passive mechanisms.

Section 7 Modem methods of soil, plant and fertilizer analyses—principles and use of flame photometry, spectrophotometry, AAS,

UV, visible, IR, potentiometry, conductimetry and X-ray diffractometry. Experimental designs for pot culture and field experiments.

Statistical measures of central tendency and dispersion. Correlations and regressions. Tests of significance—t and F tests.

Principles of computer use, BASIC language and its use in simple programming.

Section 8 Soil fertility evaluation—soil testing, plant and tissue tests, and biological methods. Common soil test methods for fertilizer

recommendation. Soil test crop response correlations. Mechanism of nutrient losses from soil and control measures. Methods

of fertilizer application for their efficient use. Direct, residual and cumulative effect of fertilizers. Use of isotopic tracers in soil

research.

Section 9 Nature, properties and development of acid, saline and sodic soils and their management. Acid sulphate soils. Lime and

gypsum requirements of soils. Irrigation water quality: EC, SAR, BSC, saturation index and specifications. Principles of soil and

water conservation—types of soil erosion, factors affecting soil erosion, and measures.

Section 10 Interaction of soils and pesticides. Heavy metal toxicity and soil pollution. Soil pollution through industrial effluents, sewage,

pesticides and fertilizers. Soil sickness due to biological agents, toxins and antibiotic production in soil. Soil factors in emission

of greenhouse gases. Soil degradation through anthropogenic activity. Radioactive contamination of soil. Bio-amelioration

of pesticide contaminated soils.

2.3. SOIL PHYSICS/SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

Section 1 Soil as a natural body. Rocks and minerals in relation to soil development. Weathering and soil formation. Soil profile.

Diagnostic horizons. Soil classification. Major soil groups of India—their characteristics and distribution.

Section 2 Chemical composition of soil. Soil colloids—clay, organic matter and clay-humus complexes. Clay minerals—structure

characteristics and identification. Soil reaction. Ion exchange and ionic equilibria in soils. Essential elements in plant nutrition.

Mechanism of ion absorption by plants. Fixation and release of nutrient ions in soil. Transport of nutrient ions in soil—mass

flow and diffusion. Manures and fertilizers and their uses.

Section 3 Soil organisms, their role in organic matter decomposition and nutrient transformation. Biological nitrogen

fixation. Biofertilizers and their use. Assessment of soil fertility, soil testing, plant tissue tests and biological tests. Instrumental

methods of soil chemical analysis—flame photometry spectrophotometry, conductimetry and chromatographic techniques.

Section 4 Soil as a three-phase disperse system. Mass-volume relationships. Soil texture—mechanical analysis, Stoke’s law.

Soil texture in relation to plant growth. Soil structure-classification, genesis and theory of aggregate formation, indices an

evaluation, pore-size distribution, soil crust afflicted seeding emergence. Management of highly permeable, slowly permeable and compacted soils. Soil structure and plant growth. Dynamic properties of soils—soil consistency, hydration, swelling, shrinkage hardening and cracking. Soil tilth and tillage. Soil physical properties under different cropping

systems. Root growth in relation to soil physical properties.

Section 5 State of soil water. Soil moisture constants, Soil water potential. Gibbs free energy and thermodynamic concept of soil-

water potential. Measurement of soil-water content and potential using conventional and modern techniques. Soil moisture characteristics and hysteresis. Water flow—Darcy’s law, theories of saturated and unsaturated flow, hydraulic conductivity and diffusivity, and factors affecting it. Infiltration redistribution and evaporation of soil water. Control of soil water evaporation.

Soil water balance and measurement of its components. Estimation of evapo-transpiration. Solute’ transport in soil.

Section 6 Soil water availability in relation to plant growth. Irrigation water management under adequate and limited

water supply. Irrigation scheduling. Water-use efficiency. Water use-yield relationships. Quality of irrigation water. Effect of saline, sodic and industrial effluents on soil properties and crop growth. Use of isotopes, radiations and remote-sensing techniques in soil physics investigations.

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Section 7 Soil air—composition, characterization of soil aeration status including ODR and redox potential measurement, renewal

of soil air, Fick’s laws of diffusion, and soil aeration in relation to plant growth. Sources of soil heat and heat balance, heat capacity, thermal conductivity and diffusivity of soil. Heat flow in soil. Measurement of soil temperature. Soil temperature in

relation to plant growth.

Section 8 Principles of soil and water conservation. Hydrologic cycle. Rainfall-runoff relationships, estimation of runoff and

sedimentation yield, Different types of soil erosion, nature and extent of the problem in India. Water erosion, and

factors affecting it. Soil physical properties in relation to water erosion, and soil erodibility. Universal soil loss equation and

evaluation of its parameters. Control of water erosion including gullies and ravines. Wind erosion—equation and evaluation of parameters, factors affecting, processes and control. Sand-dune formation and stabilization. Shelter belts and windbreaks.

Section 9 Soil and water as natural resources. Land degradation—acid, saline, sodic and waterlogged soils, shifting cultivation,

and management of their soil physical properties. Soil conservation survey. Land capability classification, land use—land

cover mapping using conventional and remote sensing techniques. Productivity rating. Watershed concept—its

characterization and management. Soil moisture conservation under rainfed and limited water supply. Rain water harvesting and recycling. Use of mulches, grasses and afforestation for soil and water conservation.

Section 10 Measures of central tendency and dispersion. Binomial distribution, chi-square test, Correlation and regression, t and

F test. Experimental designs-randomised. Latin square, split-plot and factorial designs. Spatial statistics-variogram and Kriging techniques. Principles of computer use.

2.4. AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY /AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS

Section 1: Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Atomic structure, valency, nature of chemical bonds, isotopes and isobars, radioactivity and co-ordination compounds.

Kinetic theory of gases. Laws of thermodynamics. Thermochemistry and free energy concept. Solid-liquid-vapour equilibria. Osmosis, osmotic pressure and surface phenomena. Adsorption. Donnan membrane equilibrium. Soil colloids and colloidal

electrolytes.

Section 2: Organic Chemistry Isolation of plant products. Essential oils and terpenes, alkaloids, vitamins, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and fat

metabolism in plants. Plant hormones and pigments. Photosynthesis and enzymes. Composition, isolation and properties of humus. Pathways of humus formation.

Section 3: Analytical Chemistry Principles of analytical chemistry, ionic equilibria, ionic products, solubility products and hydrogen ion activity. Methods

of quantitative analysis and separations. Formation and properties of precipitates, coprecipitation, and fractional precipitation. Volumetric analysis and theory of the indicators. Use of organic reagents in inorganic analysis. Flame photometry and atomic absorption spectro photometry. Application of calorimetric, UV and visible, IR, NMR, ICP and mass spectrometric techniques for analysis of plant constituents. Analysis of gases (CH , SO , H S etc.), soils and rocks. Determination of available nutrients

4 2 2

in soil. Sampling of soils, plants, fertilizers and manures: Principles and practices in the use of isotopes (stable and radioactive)

in the study of soil-plant relationships.

Section 4: Statistics Standard distributions, correlation and regression. Tests of significance. Experimental designs and analysis. Computer

applications in agricultural chemistry.

Section 5: Manures Sources and production of organic manures. FYM, compost, sewage and sludges—their forms and behaviour. Production

of biogas and manurial value of spent slurry. Green manures. Recycling of organic wastes. organic matter in relation to soil quality.

Section 6: Fertilizers Production, manufacture and uses of various forms of nitrogenous, phosphatic, potassic and complex fertilizers, and

fertilizer mixtures. Slow acting fertilizers and liquid fertilizers. Foliar fertilization, use of anhydrous ammonia and urea solution.

Fertilizer practices in relation to soil types and crops. Integrated plant nutrient systems. Residual effects of manures

and fertilizers. Methods of fertilizer recommendation and application. Storage and handling of fertilizers. Fertilizer control

Order. Soil testing service.

Section 7: Plant Nutrients Plant nutrient cycles (carbon, nitrogen, P and S). Essential plant nutrients (major, secondary and micro-nutrients). Nutrient

requirement of plants. Soil solution and mechanism of ion absorption by plant roots. Ion exchange and fixation. Nutrient

interactions. Soil reaction and liming. Chelation and plant nutrition. Nutrient deficiencies and their correlation.

Determination of nutrient requirements of crops by chemical and biological methods. Plant tissue analysis.

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Section 8: Soil Amendments and Reclamation Chemistry of problem soils (saline, alkali and acidic soils). Characterization and amelioration of problem soils. Lime and

gypsum requirements of soil. Synthetic soil conditioners.

Section 9: Agricultural Chemicals and Soil Health Chemistry of synthetic pesticides (chlorinated hydrocarbons, organophosphates, carbamates, synthetic pyrethroids etc.),

pesticides of plant origin, and natural and synthetic plant growth regulators. Persistence, metabolism and environmental fate of

pesticides. Heavy metal pollution. Waste disposal and soil health. Chronological development, classification, structures, general

properties and uses of major conventional, synthetic and natural agrochemicals including plant production chemicals, nitrification

inhibitors, chemical hybridizing agents and hydrogels. Formulation, quality control, safety aspects, pesticide poisoning and

antidotes. Production, consumption and trade statistics of pesticides. Spectroscopic and Chromatographic Techniques including

principles, instrumentation and application of spectroscopic (UV, IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry) and chromatographic (thin

layer, high performance liquid, gas liquid, ion-exchange, gel, flash and supercritical fluid chromatography) techniques. Tandem

techniques (GC-MS, LC-MS, GC-MS-IR, MS-MS, LC-NMR, GC-IR) with reference to isolation, purification and

structure elucidation. Analytical Chemistry including application of latest techniques like GC, HPLC, GC-MS, GC-MS-MS and

LC-MS for estimation of pesticide residue in crops, soil and formulated products.

Section 10: Chemistry of Feeds and Fodders Carbohydrates, proteins and fats, and their metabolism. Protein value of feed. Chemical evaluation of feeds and forages.

Importance of trace minerals in animal nutrition. Relation of feed value to chemical composition. Protein, vitamin and mineral

supplements. Quality control of feedstuffs. Proximate analysis. Chemical changes during silage making.

2.5. AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY

Section 1: General Meteorology Sun, earth and seasons. Laws of radiation; Planck’s, Stephan-Boltzman, Wein’s displacement Law, Kirchoff’s Law, Beer-

Lambert and Lambert Law. Solar constant, length of day. Atmospheric and astronomical factors effecting depletion of solar

radiation received on earth. Selective absorption by constituents of atmosphere. Raleigh and Mie scattering. Direct and diffuse

radiation. Heat transfer-convection, conduction and radiation. Concepts of latent and sensible heat. Radiant flux and flux

density. Atmospheric motion under balanced forces. Gas laws, pressure gradient, isobars, hydrostatic equation and its

application. Coriolis force. Geostrophic, gradient and cyclostrophic winds. Pressure systems, cyclones and anti-cyclonic

motions, trough, ridge. Thermal wind. Contour charts. Concepts of specific heat at constant volume and pressure, first and

second laws of thermodynamics. Vapour pressure, specific humidity, relative humidity, humidity mixing ratio, absolute humidity

and dew point. Wet bulb temperature. Vapour pressure deficit. Psychrometric equation, entropy. T-phi gram. Vertical stability

of atmosphere, virtual temperature and potential temperature. Moist and dry adiabatic processes. Clouds, their description

and classification. Condensation process- artificial rain making, Bergeron-Findeison theory, Dew, frost, fog, mist, haze,

thunderstorm and hail. Air masses and fronts. Extra tropical cyclones. Land and sea breeze. Mountain and valley winds.

Fohn and Chinook winds. Tropical cyclones and their structures.

Section 2: General Climatology Weather and climate. Climatological elements. Seasonal distribution of radiation, rainfall, temperature, sunshine, wind,

pressure over India. Climatic classification-Koppen and Thornthwaite. Gaussen and Emberger systems. Climatology of India:

principal weather phenomena occurring in four main seasons of India, mechanism of Indian monsoons, role of physiography

and rainfall distribution. Cyclones and cyclonic tracks over the Indian region; North-western and western disturbances; and

monsoon breaks. Drought climatology: rainfall and its variability; atmospheric and soil drought; arid and semi-arid climate,

aridity and moisture indices. Moisture availability indices Heat and cold waves. Continental maritime and monsoon climates.

Section 3: Agricultural Climatology Meaning and scope. Effects of thermal environment on growth and yield of crops. Cardinal temperatures, thermoperiodism,

photo-nycto temperatures. Vent Hoff’s Law. Phenology of crops. Heat unit concept and related parameters. Meteorological

factors associated with incidence and development of crop pests and diseases such as rust diseases, potato blight, apple scab,

groundnut red hairy caterpillar, etc. Locust meteorology. Thermal and moisture balance of animals. Climatic aspects of animal

production and nutrition. Comfort zones for different species and breeds of animals. Adaptation and acclimatization of animals

of new environment. Protection of animals from adverse weather and immunity against animal diseases and parasitic afflictions,

Section 4: Micrometeorology Concept of micro-, meso- and macro-meteorology, Micrometeorological processes near bare ground and crop

surfaces. Shearing stress, molecular and eddy diffusion, forced and free convection. Boundary layer, frictional velocity,

roughness length, and zero plane displacement. Temperature, wind and CO, profiles in crop canopies. Richardson number,

Reynolds analogy, exchange coefficients, fluxes of momentum, water vapours, CO and heat. Inversion and its effect on smoke

plume distribution. Windbreaks and shelterbelts, and their effect on modification of microclimate. Frost protection. Spectral

properties of vegetation, light interception by crop canopies as influenced by leaf area index, leaf arrangement and leaf

transmissibility; extinction coefficient.

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Section 5: Evapotranspiration Hydrologic cycle and concept of water balance. Energy balance equation and significance of the components and their

estimation. Angstroms formula and estimation of radiation parameters. Concepts of evaporation, evapotranspiration, potential

and actual evapotranspiration. Aerodynamic, eddy correlation, and combination approaches. Bowen ratio method and empirical

methods—Dalton’s approach, consumptive use, and Thomthwaite’s climatic water balance method. Advantages and limitation

of different methods. Water use, water use efficiency, dry matter production and crop yields. Yield functions. Advection and its

effect on water use by crops and yield. Irrigation scheduling based on evapotranspiration. Lysimetry-types and principles. Heat

conduction and thermal diffusivity in soils. Soil heat flux and soil temperature.

Section 6: Crop-Weather Modelling Concepts of mechanistic and deterministic models. General features of dynamical and statistical modelling techniques.

Weather data-based and physiology-based approaches to modelling of crop growth and yield. Advantages and limitations of

modelling. Climatic change, greenhouse effect, CO increase, global warming, and their impact on agriculture.

Section 7: Weather Forecasting for Agriculture Crop weather calendars. Short, medium and long range weather forecasting. Monsoon onset and rainfall forecasts. Weather

forecasting and agro-advisories. Use of satellite cloud imageries in weather forecasting. Synoptic charts and synoptic approach

to weather forecasting.

Section 8: Agrometeorological Instruments Principles, exposure conditions and operation of meteorological equipment in agrometeorological observatory Principles

and working of instruments for measurement of solar radiation; direct, diffuse and photosynthetically active radiation; soil heat

flux; soil temperature; wind speed and direction; humidity and precipitation; evaporation, sunshine and dew. Automatic weather

station, infrared thermometer, spectral radiometer and net radiometer.

Section 9: Supporting Disciplines and Topics C.G.S. and S.I. systems of units and their conversion. Units for measurement of momentum, force, work, power, surface

tension, pressure, temperature, thermal conductivity and diffusivity, resistance, radiation, light intensity and water vapour. Concepts

of texture, structure, bulk density and moisture characteristics of soil. Available soil water, soil water potential infiltration and

hydraulic conductivity.

Photosynthesis, respiration, net assimilation, solar energy conversion efficiency and relative water content. Light

intensity, water and CO, in relation to photosynthetic rates and efficiency. Physiological stress in crops. Remote sensing:

spectral indices, canopy temperature technique of estimation of evapotranspiration, crop water stress index and crop stress

detection.

Section 10: Statistical Techniques in Agro-climatology Frequency distribution, measures of central tendency, correlation, variability. Assured rainfall probability analysis using

normal, binomial and incomplete gamma distributions. Markov-chain probability and its application. Orthogonal polynomial

techniques for crop yield estimation.

03. BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

[3.1 Biochemistry (Agric./Plant Sciences), 3.2. Biotechnology (Agric./Plant Sciences), 3.3 Microbiology

(Agriculture), 3.4 Plant Physiology] 3.1. BIOCHEMISTRY (Agric./Plant Sciences) Section 1: Biomolecules and Biophysical Principles

Scope and importance of biochemistry in plants. Chemical bonding in biological systems. Acids, bases and buffers.

Cell organelles. Thermodynamics and bioenergetics-concept of entropy, and free energy changes in biological reactions. Redox reactions. Role of high energy phosphates. Classification, structure, chemistry and properties of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Membrane structure and composition. Membrane transport.

Section 2: Intermediary Metabolism Anabolism, catabolism and their regulation. Metabolism of carbohydrates -glycolytic pathway, HMP pathway, TCA

cycle, and glyoxylate pathway. Biological oxidation-electron transfer, oxidative phosphorylation, and mechanisms of oxidative phosphorylation. Lipid metabolism-degradation and biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterol biosynthesis. Amino acid metabolism-general reactions, degradation and biosynthesis of individual amino acids. Metabolism of nucleic acids-degradation and biosynthesis of purines, pyrimidines and nucleotides. Secondary metabolites. Sulphate reduction

Section 3: Nutrition Principles, nutritional requirements in general and for special groups. Balanced diet. Nutritional value of cereals and

legumes. Essential amino acids. Biological value. Anti-nutritional factors and toxic constituents. Mode of action and biochemical functions of vitamins and hormones.

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Section 4: Enzymes

Classification, kinetics and mechanism of action of enzymes. Enzyme inhibition and activation. Coenzymes, isoenzymes and immobilised enzymes. Regulation of enzyme activity. Allosteric regulation. Isolation, purification and measurement of enzyme activity. Enzyme units. Ribozymes.

Section5: Molecular Biology

Structure of DNA and RNA. Replication, transcription and translation. Regulation of protein synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Post-transcriptional and translational modification. Transcriptional and translational control of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Genetic code. Mutation, DNA damage and repair. Gene expression-operon model, inducible and repressive enzymes Mitochondrial genomes. Replication of viruses. Molecular basis of male sterility.

Section 6: Biotechnology/Genetic Engineering General principles of gene cloning. Restriction enzymes. Isolation of genes and methods of gene transfer-plasmids, and

viruses as vectors. Splicing techniques. Blotting and hybridization. DNA finger and foot printing. Protoplast fusion. Application of recombinant DNA technology, DNA sequence analysis. Antisense RNA. Restriction fragment length polymorphism, polymerase chain reaction and chromosome walking. Benefits of gene manipulations in agriculture. Transgenic plants-methods of development.

Section 7: Immunology The immune system, antigens, antibodies, complement systems and antigen antibody reaction. Immunity-innate and

acquired. Immune response-humoral and cell mediated. Lymphokines and interleukins. Immunization practices. Histocompatibility antigens and transplantation-lmmunological, antigens and transplantation. Immunological techniques- precipitation, electrophoresis, immunodiffusion, RIA, ELISA, immune-fluorescence and fluorescence immunoassay, flow cytofluorimetry and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), Avidin-biotin mediated immunoassay. Monoclonal antibodies and hybridoma technology Western blotting.

Section 8: Techniques Principles of optical, phase contrast, fluorescence and electron microscopy. Spectrophotometry UV and Vis, fluorimetry,

turbidimetry and. atomic absorption Spectrophotometry. Radioisotopic techniques-detection and measurement of radioactivity and its application in biological sciences. Electrophoresis- general principles and applications, SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focussing, pulsed field gel electrophoresis. HPLC. Centrifugation-principles of sedimentation, differential centrifugation. Cell fractionation. Density, gradient and ultracentrifugation. Organ and tissue slice techniques. Cell disruption. Plant cell and tissue culture. Cell sorting and counting. Cryopreservation.

Section 9: Photosynthesis and Photorespiration Photosynthesis-basic equation and photosynthetic pigments. Chlorophyll. Photosystems. Photophosphorylation.

Chemiosmotic coupling. carbon-cycle and its regulation C3 and C1 pathways. Dark reactions. Ion fluxes and conformational changes during photosynthesis. Photorespiration. Relationship between photosynthesis, photorespiration and crop productivity. Chloroplast morphology, structure and biochemical anatomy chloroplasts.

Section 10: Nitrogen Fixation, Plant Growth and Development Nitrogen cycle. Nitrate and nitrite reduction, denitrification, symbiotic ‘and non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Assimilation of

fixed nitrogen by plants. Genetics and mechanism of nitrogen fixation. Biochemical and physiological role of hydrogenase. Chemoautotrophy in rhizobia and nitrifying bacteria. Growth regulation in plants. Phytohormones. Molecular mechanism of plant growth, hormone action, auxins, gibberelins, cytokinins, ethylene, abscissic acid and phenolic inhibitors. Preliminary methods of statistical analysis as applied to agricultural data-standard deviation, standard error, test, ANOVA, correlation and regression.

3.2. BIOTECHNOLOGY (Agric./Plant Sciences)

Section 1: Cell Structure and Function Ultrastructure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Cytoskeleton. Cell wall and plasma membrane. Cell organelles

including vacuoles, plastids, golgi apparatus, ER, peroxisomes, glyoxisomes, etc., their organization and function. Cell division.

Different stages of mitosis and meiosis.

Section 2: Biomolecules and Metabolism Structure, characterization and functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, isolation and purification of

enzymes, their classification, catalytic ste, mechanism of action, regulation of enzyme activity, basic enzyme kinetics, inhibition,

immobilized enzymes and their application, Catabolism, syntheses of carbohydrate, glycolysis, HMP, citric acid cycle, purine

and pyrimidine biosynthesis, metabolic regulation, bioenergetics, etc. Oxidative phosphorylation and substrate

level phosphorylation.

Section 3: Molecular Genetics Concept of gene mutation, recombination, transformation, transduction, conjugation and transposition. Organisation of

prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes and genomes including operon, exon intron, enhance sequences and other regulatory elements

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in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Section 4: Gene Expression Replication, transcription and transposition of genetic material prokaryotes and eukaryotes. RNA processing and post-

transcriptional modifications, post-translational modification and their significance. DNA modification and repair mechanism.

Function of mitochondrial and chloroplast genome.

Section 5: Biophysical Photoregulation and phytochrome regulation of nuclear and chloroplastic gene expression. Molecular biology of light and

dark reaction of photosynthesis. Molecular mechanism of nitrogen fixation, nitrate reductase, and genetics of nif genes. Molecular

biology of various stresses. viz. drought, salt, heat and cold. Signal transduction.

Section 6: Molecular Biology Techniques Isolation and hybridization of nucleic acids. Cot analysis, southern, northern and western blottings and hybridization.

Construction and screening of genomic and DNA libraries. Current methods of radioactive and non-radioactive labelling of

proteins and nucleic acids. DNA sequencing. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), randomly amplified polymorphic

DNA sequences (RAPD), gene mapping, genome mapping, gene tagging and targeting, polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

DNA synthesis, monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, ribozyme, antisense RNA methodology, radioimmune assay, enzyme-

linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Section 7: Gene Cloning Restriction enzymes. Salient features and uses of most commonly used vectors i.e., plasmids, bacteriophages,

phagemids and cosmids: expression vectors. Cloning, sub-cloning strategies and transformation. Plant genetic vectors.

Section 8: Tissue Culture Basic techniques in cell culture and somatic cell genetics. Clonal propagation. Concept of cellular totipotency. Anther

and pollen culture for haploid and double haploid production; somatoclonal and gametoclonal variations. Hybrid embryo culture,

somatic hybridization and hybridization. Germplasm conservation and exchange. Plant bioreactors and production of industrial

compounds. Application of tissue culture in crop improvement.

Section 9: Plant Genetic Engineering Isolation of genes of interest. Gene constructs for tissue specific expression. Different methods of gene transfer to plants

viz. direct and vector mediated. Potential applications to crop improvement through plant genetic engineering, i.e. specific and

non-specific resistance (defence) genes to disease, pest and herbicide resistance. Storage protein quality, stress resistance

and post-harvest, production of secondary metabolites and alien proteins. Current status of transgenics.

Section 10: Fermentation Technology Principles of fermentation processes, bioreactors and biosensors. Protein engineering. Single cell proteins. Biopesticides.

Microbial degradation of waste and biogas production. Bioleaching. Applications of fermentation technology.

3.3. MICROBIOLOGY (Agriculture)

Section 1: History of Microbiology Evolution of microbial life. Theory of spontaneous generation. Contributions of various scientists to the development of

different areas of microbiology.

Section 2: Microbial Taxonomy Eukaryotes, prokaryotes and archaebacteria, Kingdom prokaryote and detailed classification of prokaryotes. Techniques

used in identification and classification of bacteria-numerical taxonomy, DNA base composition, nucleic acid hybridization,

RNA sequencing and cataloguing, and serological analysis. Important groups of prokaryotes-photosynthetic

bacteria, chemoautotrophic bacteria, spore forming bacteria and actinomycetes. Heterotrophic bacteria — enterobacteria,

nitrogen- fixing bacteria and cyanobacteria, lactic acid bacteria, halophiles, thermophiles, acidophiles and methanogens.

Structure and classification of viruses. Growth curve of viruses. Lytic and lysogenic cycles. Plant viruses.

Section 3: Morphology and Cytology Cell structure-prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Chemical composition. structure and function of cell wall, cytoplasmic

membrane, capsule, flagella, pill, cytoplasmic inclusions, nuclear material and other specialized cell structures-endospore,

cysts, heterocysts, akinetes, etc.

Section 4: Microbial Ecology Principles of microbial ecology and their application to different ecosystems. Microbiology of ecosystems—soil, rhizosphere,

phyllosphere, water—fresh and marine, and air, Microbial interactions-symbiosis, synergism, commensalism, parasitism,

amensalism, antagonism and predation, Adoption of micro-organism to various ecosystems.

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Section 5: Microbial Physiology Bacterial growth and growth curve. Kinetics of growth—continuous and batch culture, Diauxic and synchronous growth.

Microbial nutrition. Bacterial metabolism—aerobic and anaerobic respiration, electron transport chain. Oxidative, substrate

level and photo-phosphorylation. Biosynthesis of macromolecules-bacterial cell wall, ribosomes, proteins and nucleic acid.

Section 6: Microbial Genetics Replication of DNA-primosomes, replisomes, gyrase and heliase. Mutations-spontaneous, induced and site directed;

DNA damage and repair, Biochemical genetics-elucidation of biochemical pathways using auxotrophic mutants. Gene transfer-

conjugation, transduction and transformation. Plasmid and transposons. Recombinant DNA technology (RDT). Importance of

RDT over conventional genetic techniques. Restriction enzymes, vectors, DNA cloning and c-DNA cloning. Regulation of gene

expression-operator, promoter, operon, positive and negative regulatory control (lac operon) and tryptophan operon.

Section 7: Microbial Biotechnology Industrial production of metabolites—organic acids, alcohols, amino acids, organic solvents, antibiotics, vitamins and

enzymes. Types of bioreactors. Control of fermentation processes—batch, feedback and continuous. Down—stream

processing in fermentation industry. Production of single cell proteins, hormones, biofertilizers, biopesticides, bio-pigments,

bio-flavours, mushrooms and silage.

Section 8: Food Microbiology Microbiology of various foods, milk and water. Role of microbes in fermented and processed foods—sauerkraut bread,

pickles, cheese, vinegar, bottled and canned foods. Spoilage of fruits, vegetables and processed foods. Methods of

food preservation. Food-born diseases and intoxication.

Section 9: Soil Microbiology Distribution of microorganisms in soil. Root exudates and rhizosphere effects. Manipulation of rhizosphere microflora in

plant productivity, Microbial biomass. Decomposition of plant and animal residues—cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and protein.

Humus-role in soil fertility. Transformation of nitrogen in soil ammonification, nitrification and denitrification. Biological nitrogen

fixation—symbiotic, associative symbiotic and asymbiotic. Biochemistry and genetics of nitrogen fixation.

Phosphorus transformations-solubilization and mobilization by bacteria and fungi. Transformations of sulphur. Mycorrhizal

symbiosis (ecto and endo)—role in agriculture and forestry. Biodegradation of pesticides. Biofertilizers and their role in

sustainable agriculture. Biological control of insect pests and plant pathogens.

Section 10: Environmental Microbiology Micro-organism pollution of soil, air and water. Sources of pollution and their impact on environment. Microbiology of

sewage and industrial effluents and their safe disposal. Management of solid and liquid organic wastes-composting, biogas,

production and treatment of sewage, and industrial effluents.

Section 11: Microbiological Techniques Isolation and preservation of different types of microorganisms. Methods of sterilization and disinfection. Optical phase

contrast, fluorescent, dark field and electron microscopy. Colorimetry, spectrophotometry, centrifugation, chromatography and

gel electrophoresis. Chromosomal and plasmid DNA isolation and characterization. Physical, chemical and site directed mutagens.

Microbiological assay of vitamins, amino acids and antibiotics. Microbiological tests for potability of water. Methods

for estimation of microbial biomass and nitrogen fixation.

Section 12: Statistics Elementary principles of statistics. mean, mode and median. Experimental designs, analysis of variance and

chi- square test. Correlation and regression.

3.4. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

Section 1: Structure and Function of Plant Cell and Organelles Biological membrane, nucleus, genome size, microbodies, cytoskeleton and cell wall.

Section 2: Energy and Enzymes Energy and work, free energy and chemical potential, redox reactions, and electro-chemical potential. Enzyme classification

and action, factors affecting enzyme action and kinetics. Gene expression and protein turnover.

Section 3: Water and Plant Reactions Cell-water relations. Concept of water potential, soil-water relationships, quantification of soil-water relations and soil-

water-atmosphere continuum. Mechanism of water uptake and transport, movement and loss of water in plants.

Environmental influence on plant water relationships. Transpiration and evapo-transpiration. Factors governing transpiration and

antitranspirants, Stomata-structure and function, mechanism of stomatal opening and closing. Water balance under field

conditions. Water-use efficiency

Section 4: Mineral Nutrition Mineral nutrients and their classification. Soil and plant factors affecting mineral availability Mechanism of uptake and

translocation of ions. Role of essential elements. Diagnosis of nutrient disorders by visual symptoms, Soil and plant tissue

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3 4

analysis. Chemical fertilizers, organic farming, foliar nutrition and hydroponics. Genetics of plant nutrition. Nutrient mobilization

by mycorrhiza. Nutrient-use efficiency.

Section 5: Photosynthesis Chloroplast structure, Photosystems—their structure and function. Chlorophylls and other pigments. Mechanism of light

absorption, photosynthetic electron transport chain, photo phosphorylation and quantum yield concept. Carbon metabolism—

C , C4 and CAM pathways and their distinguishing features. Properties of RuBisco structure, assembly and regulation. Photo-

respiration and its significance. Chloroplast genome and its expression. Interaction of chloroplast and nuclear genes. Synthesis

of sucrose and starch, mechanisms of their translocation, phloem loading and unloading. Translocation of photosynthates,

mechanism and significance. Source-sink relationships, partitioning and harvest and harvest index.

Section 6: Respiration and Lipid Metabolism Pathways of glucose oxidation in plants. Mitochondrial electron transport chain and its role. Cyanide-resistant pathway.

Importance of mitochondrial genome. Factors affecting respiration rate. Growth and maintenance, respiration and its significance

in crop improvement. Measurements of respiration. Fats and oils. Spherosomes. Biosynthesis of plant lipids and their importance.

Section 7: Nitrogen and Sulphur Metabolism Dinitrogen fixation by symbiotic and free-living organism. Nitrate metabolism, its uptake and assimilation. Amino acid

metabolism and protein synthesis. Sulphate uptake and reduction.

Section 8: Secondary Plant Products Cutin, suberin, waxes, terpenes, and phenolic compounds—lignin, flavonoids, anthocyanins. tannins, photo-alexins,

alkaloids, glycosides, glucosinolates, salicylic acid and essential oils. Importance of secondary products in plants.

Section 9: Environmental and Stress Physiology Environmental factors influencing plant growth and productivity. Microclimate and its effect. Climatic changes—greenhouse

gases and global warming. Water stress: Water deficits and plant growth. Physiological and biochemical functions affected by

water stress. Drought—its definition and quantification. Adaptive strategies for drought resistance (avoidance, Scope and

tolerance). Significance of water-use efficiency. Importance of osmoregulation and stress responsive proteins. Screening for

drought resistance-empirical and analytical techniques. Approaches to breeding drought resistance. Waterlogging and its effect

on plant growth. Salt stress: Saline and alkaline soils, salt-stress injury, mechanism of salt tolerance, and halophytes.

Temperature stress: High temperature stress, heat shock proteins, chilling and frost injury, and mechanism of tolerance. Light

stress: High and low light stresses, UV-B effect on plant growth and development. Pollutants and heavy metal stress:

Chemical, air and gaseous pollutants and their effect on plant growth. Effect of heavy metals on plant growth and

development.

Section 10: Plant Growth Regulators Auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene—site or synthesis. Biosynthetic path-ways and metabolism and

their influence on plant growth. Concept of hormone action—hormone receptors. Other endogenous growth regulators-brassino-

steroids, triacontanol and growth retardants, detection and assay. Role of plant growth regulators on rooting of cuttings, apical

dominance, dormancy, germination, flower and fruit retention, sex modification, ripening, senescence and abscission. Commercial

applications of growth promoters and retardants in agricultural and horticultural crops. Herbicide physiology. Classification of

herbicides based on mode of action. Herbicide resistance. Tissue culture techniques and their applications,

Section 11: Photo-morphogenesis and Seed Physiology Cellular basis of growth and morphogenesis. Anatomical and ultrastructure aspects of growth. Polarity Molecular basis of

differentiation. Morphogenesis in roots and shoots. Phytochrome as a photoreceptor. Structure and properties of phytochrome,

dark reversion and destruction, and phytochrome—induced whole plant responses. Seed germination, development

and dormancy, and methods of breaking dormancy. Adaptive and ecological advantages and seed viability.

Section 12: Control of Flowering Effect of plant age, transition from vegetative to reproductive stage, and apical changes. Photoperiodism-classification

of plants and mechanism of flowering in photoperiodic-sensitive plants, Theories related to flowering. Endogenous substances

and lowering. Gene expression and flowering. Control of flowering. Photoperiod and tuberization. Vernalization-

mechanism and practical application of the process. Flower mechanism in relation to crop productivity.

Section 13: Crop Productivity and Modeling Crop growth analysis, key growth parameters, canopy architecture, light interception, and concept of source-sink

relationships. Allometric growth relationships, partitioning efficiency and harvest index. Plant growth analysis

techniques, yield analysis, theoretical and actual yields. Physiology of major field crops. Plant ideotypes. Crop growth

models—empirical models, model testing, and yield prediction.

Section 14: Statistics Frequency distribution. Measures of central tendency- Standard deviation. Correlation and regression. Standard

distributions. Tests of significance. Experimental design and analysis. Computer applications in Plant Physiology.

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04. HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES

[4.1 Horticulture (Fruit Crops/Pomology), 4.2 Horticulture (Floriculture), 4.3 Horticulture (Vegetable Science)]

4.1. HORTICULTURE (FRUIT CROPS/POMOLOGY)

Section 1: Importance of Fruit Crops Importance, area, production and productivity; nutritional value and importance in national economy of fruit and plantation

crops. Origin, distribution and classification of fruits/plantation crops into temperate, tropical, sub-tropical, arid zone crops.

Classification of edible parts. Regions of cultivation. Export potential of different fruits.

Section 2: Nursery Management and Propagation Planning, layout and management of nurseries, soil mixtures, containers, soil sterization, raising of seedings,

transplanting, interstocks. Packing and transport of nursery plants. Importance of rootstocks, inter crops, apomixis and

polyembryony. Recent propagation techniques, method and time of propagation of different crops. Stionic incompatibility.

Role of chemicals in seed germination, root induction and seedling growth. Propagation structures like mist chambers, not

beds and cold frames. Advances in micropropagation, shoot tip grafting.

Section 3: Growth and Development Definition of growth and development. Dormancy, rest period chilling requirements and heat units. Physiology of

flowering and chemical induction of flowering. Fruit bud differential and fruit set, development, fruit drop and its

control; parthenocarpy and seedlessness. Maturity and ripening. Biochemical changes associated in fruit ripening. Role

of auxins, gibberellins, cytokiins, ethylene, morphactin and other growth retardants in fruit production.

Section 4: Fruit Breeding Principles, problems and prospects of fruit breeding, Method of improvement e.g. introduction, clonal selection,

hybridisation, mutation breeding, polyploidy and heterosis breeding. Breeding of stock and scion. Breeding objectives,

problems and advances made in important crops like mango, citrus, banana, grape, papaya, guava, apple, aonla

and pomegranate, etc.

Section 5: Plantation Crop Breeding Principles, problems and prospects of breeding of plantation crops. Methods of improvement e.g. introduction, clonal

selection, hybridisation, mutation breeding, polyploidy and heterosis breeding. Breeding objectives, problems and advances

made in plantation crops e.g. coconut, arecanut, oilpalm cashew, tea, coffee, etc.

Section 6: Fruit Production Modern production technology of fruit covering soil and clin propagation varieties; planting and population

density; training and pruning; nutrition and irrigation; weed, disease and pest control including IPM and other orchard

management practices of important fruit crops e.g. mango, citrus, banana, pineapple, papaya, guava, sapota, grape, litchi,

pomegranate, ber, apple pear, stone fruits, etc.

Section 7: Plantation Crop Production Modern production technology of plantation crops covering soils and climate; propagation, varieties; planting and

planting density; training and pruning; nutrition and irrigation; weed, disease and pest control including IPM of

important plantation crops, eg. coconut, arecanut, oilpalm, cashew, cocoa, tea and coffee.

Section 8: Special Problems Causes and recent advances in the control of alternate bearing, malformation, spongy tissue in mango; granulation and

decline in citrus; bunchy top in banana; fruit drop and fruit cracking in citrus, mango, litchi and pomegranate; guava

wilt; internal breakdown and bitter pit in apple, barrenness in grapes and coconut wilt.

Section 9: Post Harvest Technology Importance of post harvest handling in fruit and plantation crops; Maturity indices for harvesting and ripening;

pre- cooking, various types of storage and storage temperatures; grading, packing and transportation; Storage disorders and

use of chemicals, skin coatings and growth regulators for control of spoilage during storage and transit.

Section 10: Statistics Frequency distribution, mean, medium and mode; standard, normal and biomial distribution; correlation, partial and

multiple regression and regression coefficient, path co-efficient analysis; tests of significance, t, f and chi-tests experimental

designs, basic principles, ‘Completely randomized block design (CRBD), Latin square, split plot factorial and simple

confounding designs.

4.2. HORTICULTURE (FLORICULTURE)

Section 1: Importance of Flower, Aromatic and Medicine Plants Importance, area, production and productivity. Importance in national economy of flower, aromatic and medicinal plants.

Origin, distribution and classification of flowers e.g. cut, loose, dry flowers, pot plants and aromatic and medicinal plants and

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classification of ornamental plants e.g. annuals, biennials, edges, hedges, shrubs, climbers, trees bulbous plant, foliage plants,

succulents, cactus and water loving plants. Regions of cultivation, import and export.

Section 2: Nursery Management and Propagation Selection of site, layout, rooting media and its sterilization, recent propagation techniques stock and scion relationship

(rose), Method and time of propagation, Raising or seedlings, Transplanting pruning, grading, packing and marketing. Role of

chemicals in seed germination, root induction and seedling growth, Use of propagation of structures. e.g. hot bed, cold frame,

mist propagation chamber, plastic tunnels and green houses. principles of seed production, development, environmental factors

for seed set, pollination system, isolation, rouging and certification, Hybrid seed production, seed harvesting, cleaning, storing,

packing and marketing.

Section 3: Ornamental Plant Breeding Principles, problems and prospects of ornamental plant breeding. Methods of improvement i.e. introduction, clonal selection,

hybridization for specific purposes, mutation breeding, polyploidy and heterosis breeding. Breeding for stock and scion

(rose), Breeding objectives and advances made in important crops like rose, gladiolus, carnation, chrysanthemum,

marigold, aster, orchids, lilies, tulip, lotus, begonia and bougainvillea.

Section 4: Aromatic and Medical Plant Breeding Principles, problems and prospects of ornamental plant breeding. Methods of improvement i.e. introduction, clonal selection,

hybridization for specific purposes, mutation breeding, polyploidy and heterosis breeding. Breeding objectives and advances

made in important aromatic plants, like jasmine, mentha, basil, scented geranium, lavender, citronella, palmarosa, cymbopogan,

rosemary and patchouli and medicinal plants like Dioscorea, Solanum, Papaver somniferum, Atropa belladona, catharanthus,

digitalis, Plantago ovata, senna, dawana, vetiver, saffron and cinchona.

Section 5: Flower Production Soil and climate varieties, population density (seed rate) and planting, nutrition, irrigation, training, pruning and staking,

weed, disease and pest control of important flower e.g. rose, carnation, chrysanthemum, gladiolus, marigold, tuberose, gerbera,

aster, orchids, iris, anthurium, lilies, tulip, lotus and begonia.

Section 6: Aromatic and Medicinal Plant Production Soil and climate varieties, population density (seed rate) and planting, nutrition, irrigation training, pruning and staking,

weed, disease and pest control of important aromatic plants, like jasmine, mentha, basil, scenied geranium, lavendar, citronela,

palmarosa, cymbopogan, rosemary and patchouli and medicinal plant like Dioscorea, Solanum, Papaver somniferum, Atropa

belladona, Catharanthus, digitalis, Plantago ovata, senna, dawana, vetiver, saffron and cinchona.

Section 7: Growth and Development Definition of growth and development. Dormancy and rest period, physiology of flowering and biochemical changes

during flower senescence, effect of preharvest factors on post harvest quality of cut flowers, stages of harvest of commercial

flowers, decline in vase life, floral preservatives, pulsing and holding solutions, grading packing, storage and transportation of

cut flowers.

Section 8: Post Harvest Technology of Flowers Factors affecting bud development, flower development and senescence physiology and biochemical change during

flower senescence, effect of preharvest factors on harvest qualify of cut flower, stages of harvest of commercial flowers, decline

in vase life, floral preservatives, pulsing and holding solution, grading packing, storage and transportation of cut flower.

Section 9: Gardening History of gardening in India, styles of gardening, their principles and practices with special reference to Mughal,

Japanese, and English gardens. Visual aspects of plants arrangement view, vista and axis. Garden parts (features) their

materials, and methods of development including garden ornament. Classification and utilization of ornamental trees, shrubs,

climbers, annuals, edges, hedges, bulbous, succulents and cactus, foliage and water loving plants. Preparation and

management of shrubbery, herbaceous borders, lawn and bonsai. Planning of road side, home gardens, children,

amusement and zoological parks.

Section 10: Statistics Frequency distribution, mean, median, and mode. Standard, normal and binomial distribution; Correlation-partial and

multiple, regression coefficient, multiple regression and path coefficient regression. Tests of significance-F, t and chi-square

tests, Experimental designs, basic principles, completely randomised design, randomised block design, factorial randomized

experiment, latin square, split plot and simple confounding designs.

4.3. HORTICULTURE (VEGETABLE SCIENCE)

Section 1: Importance of Vegetables & Spices Importance, area, production and productivity, nutritional value and importance of vegetable, tuber crops and spices. In

national economy. Origin, distribution: classification of vegetables, types of vegetable growing, regions of cultivation and export

and import of these commodities.

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1

Section 2: Vegetable Crop Breeding Principles, problems and prospects of vegetable improvement. Introduction, selection including clonal selection and

hybridization, mutation breeding, polyploidy and heterosis breeding for specific purposes like productivity, resistance to biotic

and abiotic stresses and processing. Recent advances in breeding including biotechnological approaches. Breeding objectives

and advances made in important vegetables like tomato, brinjal, okra, onion, chillies, important cucurbits and cole crops.

Section 3: Tuber and Spice Crop Breeding Principles problems and prospects of tuber and spice crops improvement. Introduction, selection including clonal

selection and hybridization; mutation breeding, polyploidy and heterosis breeding for specific purposes like productivity,

resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and processing. Recent advances in breeding including biotechnological

approaches. Breeding objectives and advances made in potato, sweet potato, cassava, ginger, turmeric, coriander, fenugreek,

black pepper, cardamom etc.

Section 4: Vegetable Crop Production

Soil and climate; seed rate, important varieties, nutritional requirements, deficiency disorders and corrective measures,

irrigation spacing. Off-season production of vegetables. Weed, insect nematode and disease control including IPM and organic

farming of important vegetables e.g., cole crops, cucurbitaceous, bulb and root, solanaceous, leguminous vegetables and

okra, etc.

Section 5: Tuber Crops and Spices Production Soil and climatic seed rate, important varieties, spacing, irrigation, nutritional requirement, deficiency disorders and

corrective measures.’ Pest and disease including IPM and organic farming of potato and other tuber crops and spices including

hops and chicory.

Section 6: Seed Production of Vegetable and Spice Crops Seed morphology, development, environmental factors responsible for belting and flowering, pollination systems, isolation,

roguing and certification. Seed production in poly/green houses. Seed legislation. Stages in the production of certified seed,

storage and viability in important crops like tomato, chilli, brinjal, okra, onion, cucurbits, cole crops, and seed spices

like fenugreek, coriander, cumin, fennel, etc. Production of F hybrid seeds in solanaceous, cole and bulb crops, Nursery

establishment, preparation of soil mixtures, soil sterilization, containers, watering and plant protection practices, Use of

vegetative propagation, selection of shoots in pepper and nutmeg, selection of rhizomes in cardamom, turmeric and ginger

Saffron cultivation Nursery management.

Section 7: Growth and Development Definition of growth and development, dormancy and rest period, physiology of flowering, chemical induction of flowering,

sex expression and alteration, fruit set and development, fruit drop, parthenocarpy, seedlessness and biochemical changes

associated with fruit ripening. Role of auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene and other growth regulators including

retardants in vegetable, tuber and spices crop production.

Section 8: Hi-tech Production Technology Use of plastics, structures including low cost polyhouses/green houses and other structures in vegetable, tuber and

spice production. Drip and sprinkler irrigation, fertigation, shading, hydroponics and other production technologies

for enhancing productivity and off-season production of high value vegetable crops like tomato, capsicum, cucumber,

watermelon, asparagus, broccoli, brussels sprout, gherkin and other important vegetables.

Section 9: Post Harvest Technology Harvesting with reference of maturity indices, grading, packing including consumer packaging, transport, Different

methods of storage, storage temperatures disorders. Pre and post harvest treatments to control disorders, value addition and

export of vegetables, tuber crops and spices.

Section 10: Statistics Frequency distribution, mean, median and mode; standard, nomial and binomial distribution; simple, partial and multiple

correlations, regression coefficients, path coefficient analysis; test of significance ‘t’ and ‘f’ and chi square test; basic principles

and analysis of randomised block design (RBD), completely randomised block design (CBRD), factorial experiments (FRBD)

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05. FORESTRY

(5.1 Forestry/Agroforestry/Silviculture)

5.1. FORESTRY/AGROFORESTRY/SILVICULTURE

Section 1 National Forest Policy. Role of forests in national economy—protective and productive, tribal and rural welfare. Forest

types of India: distribution of forest cover types. Association of species, dominant, co-dominant, light demanders and shade

bearing. Succession and concept of climatic and polyclimax.

Section 2 Concepts and definition of agro/social/community/farm forestry/Taungya plantations. Shifting cultivation. Silvi-pastoral

management. Monoculture v/s mixed farming. Tree-crop interactions. Conservation and management of natural resources

including wild life. Growth Strategies of trees for suitable use in agro-forestry. Study of genecology and adaptation in trees for

use in agro-forestry.

Section 3 Biomass, species composition and functions on agroforestry. Productivity, nutrient cycling, and root and light competition

in agroforestry systems. Selection of superior trees with multiple uses like fuel, fodder and fibre. Regeneration potential and

coppicing ability with high calorific value, preferably nitrogen fixers.

Section 4 Extent and causes of land denudation. Effects of deforestation on soil erosion, land degradation, environment and rural

economy. Utilization of denuded low fertility soils for agro-industrial use of woody biomass. Biomass production for fuel wood,

small timber, raw material for plant based cottage industries, minor forest products such as gums, resins and tannins, drug

plants, essential oils, hardy fruits, pasture and silvi-pastoral management.

Section 5 Forest mensuration, surveys, inventory preparation and photointerpretation. Forest economics. Integration of trees with

agricultural operations.

Section 6 Definition and scope of silviculture. Forest environment. Climatic edaphic, physiographic and biotic factors affecting

regeneration and growth of trees. Forest regeneration: natural and artificial. Silviculture. Practices such as thinning-ground

thinning, silvicultural thinning, felling, felling cycle, improvement felling, regeneration felling, cleaning, pruning, girding etc.

Silvicultural systems of forest management with special reference to species suitable for soil and water conservation.

Section 7 Afforestation techniques: Phenology of important tree species in agroforestry. Gregarious and sporadic flowering, fruiting,

seed maturity and seed availability. Seed collection and nursery techniques: Criteria for site selection for nursery. Layout and

design of beds. Types of containers. Sowing techniques. Soil mixture, sowing, plant per cent and grading, manuring and fertilization

in nursery. Plant protection in nursery from environmental and biological agents. Seed testing. Seed viability, pretreatment and

germination. Elite seed tree. Seed dormancy. Seed test weight, germinability, plant per cent, epigeal and hypogeal germination.

Planning techniques. Site selection, evaluation, and protection. Soil working techniques for various edaphic and climatic conditions.

Spacing, manuring and fertilizer application, irrigation/ moisture conservation techniques. Tending operations: weeding, hoeing

and aftercare, thinning and crop hygiene. Integration of trees with agricultural operation. Tree-crop interactions including fruit

trees, pathology, entomology and plantation farming of species used by rural community.

Section 8 Forest management. Management systems for agro-forestry plantations and monocultures. Lopping of top-feed species

such as frequency and intensity of lopping. Coppice management and energy plantations.

Section 9 Techniques for free crop improvement and mass propagation: Tree breeding, selection and other improvement

techniques. Techniques for tissue culture, mist chamber etc. for propagation of difficult species. germplasm and agroforestry

system evaluation: Collection, maintenance and evaluation of germplasm. Field plot techniques for the evaluation of agroforestry

systems. Diagnosis and design of agroforestry systems.

Section 10 Frequency distribution. Mean, median, mode and standard deviation. Normal, binomial and Poisson distribution.

Correlations-partial and multiple. Regression coefficients and multiple regression. Tests of significance—F and chi-square

tests. Experimental designs—basic principles. Completely randomised, randomised block, Latin square and split-plot designs.

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06. PLANT PROTECTION AND RELATED SCIENCES

(6.1 Agricultural Entomology, 6.2 Nematology (Agriculture), 6.3 Plant Pathology

6.1. AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY

Section 1: Systematics History and development of entomology. Position of insects in the phylum Arthropoda, relationship with other arthropods.

Classification of insects up to order level. Habit, habitat and distinguishing characters of different orders.

Distinguishing characters of families of economic importance. International code of zoological nomenclature. Body wall:

structure, cuticular outgrowths, colouration and special integumentary structures. Body regions: sclerites and

segmentation. Head: structure, types of mouth parts and antennae. Thorax sclerites and pterothorax. Wings, structure,

venation, wing coupling and mechanism of flight. Legs: segmentation and types. Abdomen: segmentation and appendages.

Genitalia and their modifications. Embryonic and post-embryonic development. Types of metamorphosis.

Section 2: Internal Anatomy and Physiology of Insects Structure, modification and physiology of different systems, digestive, circulatory, respiratory, excretory,

nervous, reproductive, musculature and insect sense organs (mechano-, photo-and chemo-receptors). Physiology of

moulting. Role of enzymes in growth and metamorphosis. Nutrition of insects, role of vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates,

lipids and minerals. Extra and intra-cellular microorganisms.

Section 3: Ecology Principles of ecology. Environment and its components. Effect of biotic and abiotic factors on bionomics, distribution,

abundance and natural balance. Inter-and intra-specific relationships. Dispersal and migration. Life table studies. Population

models. Surveillance and forecasting. Causes of insect outbreaks.

Section 4: Biological Control Principles and scope of biological control. Use of parasitoids, predators and pathogens. Introduction of exotic natural

enemies. Conservation and augmentation. Mass production techniques and economics. Field release and evaluation. Host-

parasitoid relationships. Role of bacteria, fungi, protozoans and viruses; mode of action, mass production, formulation and

field application.

Section 5: Insect-Host Plant Relationships Chemical ecology. Tritrophic relation. Role of mechano- and chemoreceptors. Volatiles and secondary plant substances.

Development of biotypes and measures to combat them. Breeding for insect-resistance in crop plants. Exploitation of wild

species. Gene transfer. Case histories.

Section 6: Toxicology Principles of toxicology. Classification of pesticides based on chemical structure, mode of entry, and mode of action.

Toxicity and structure activity relationships. Mode of action and therapeutic methods for control of poisoning of arsenicals,

fluoro compounds, dinitrophenol, plant products (rotenoids, nicotinoids, neem), chlorinated hydrocarbons, organophosphates,

carbamates, natural and synthetic pyrethroids, cartap, avermectin, chloridimeform etc. Systemic insecticides. Phytoxicity.

Compatibility, antagonism and synergism. Factors affecting toxicity of insecticides. Insecticide resistance and resurgence.

Insecticides Act 1968. Registration and quality control of insecticides. Bioassay methods. Plant protection appliances. Pesticide

formulations. Hazards of pesticides to humans, domestic animals and wild life.

Section 7: Insect Vectors of Plant Diseases Role of insect vectors: aphids, leaf-hoppers, plant-hoppers, whiteflies, thrips, grass-hoppers and mites. Bacterial, viral,

fungal and mycoplasma diseases and their transmission. Toxicogenic insects and phytotoxemia. Management of vectors.

Section 8: Pests of Crops and Stored Products and their Control Biology, nature, extent of damage and control of pests of paddy, sorghum, maize, millets, wheat, barley, pulses, fruits,

vegetables, cotton and other fibre crops, tobacco, oilseeds, sugarcane, ornamental plants, plantation crops such as

tea, coffee, coconut, arecanut, cashew, cocoa, spices and condiments like pepper, cardamom, clove, nutmeg and chillies.

Stored products pests. Detection and estimation of infestation. Management of stored product pests. Evaluation and

efficacy of storage structures. Polyphagous pests-locusts, termites, white grubs and hairy caterpillars and non-insect pests

(mites, snails, birds and rats). Principles and components of integrated pest management. Economic thresholds. Economic injury levels. Action

thresholds. Gain thresholds. IPM for important field and horticultural crops. Systems approach. Computer modelling. Case

histories in IPM.

Section 9: Useful Insects Honey bees, lac insect and silk worms.

Section 10: Statistics Frequency distribution, means, median and mode, Standard, normal, binomial and Poisson’s distribution, correlation,

partial and multiple regression. Tests of significance: t, F and chi-square test. Design of experiments. Basic principles of completely

36

randomized, randomized block, latin square and split-plot designs, Probit analysis.

6.2. NEMATOLOGY (AGRICULTURE)

Section l: History and Morphology of Nematodes History and economic importance of nematology. Characters of phylum Nematoda, their taxonomic position and relationship

with other organisms. General morphology. Anatomy-musculature, cuticle (finer) structures. Various systems—digestive, excretory,

nervous system, etc. Reproduction and development of nematodes.

Section 2: Nematode Taxonomy Principle and basis of taxonomy. Rules of nomenclature. Phylogeny. Nematode systematics. Classification of soil and

plant-parasitic nematodes and their relationship. Detailed classification of plants-parasitics nematodes up to generic level

with emphasis on economic importance.

Section 3: Nematological Techniques Survey and sampling of nematodes. Methods of extraction of nematodes from soil and plant material. Microscopy, its

principles and types. Methods of killing, fixing, preserving, staining and mounting of nematodes including TEM and SEM.

Techniques for histopathology, histochemistry and culturing of nematodes including axenic methods. Experimental techniques

for proving pathogenicity. Estimation of crop losses. Nematicide screening—residual analysis in plants and soil. Groundwater

pollution. Screening of crop germplasm/genotypes for resistance.

Section 4: Plant Diseases Caused by Nematodes Diseases caused by plant-parasitic nematodes-symptomatology, biology, distribution, economics and control of plant

parasitic nematodes of economic importance (Pratylenchus, Radopholus, Hirschmanniella, Meloidogyne, Nacobbus, Heterodera,

Globodera and other cyst forming nematodes, Rotylenchulus, Tylenchulus, Ditylenchus, Anguina,

Aphelenchoides, Bursaphelenchus, Rhadinaphelenchus, Tylenchorhynchus, Xiphinema, Longidorus, Trichodorous,

Paratrichodorus, Rotylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Hoplolaimus, Scutellonema, Criconematids etc.).

Section 5: Nematode Ecology Ecological classification and dispersal of nematodes. Adaptations to parasitic mode of life. Soil as environment for

nematodes. Effect of soil factors like temperature, moisture, porosity, soil type, organic matter, soil chemicals and pH on

nematode survival, activity and multiplication. Effect of host on population of nematodes. Community analysis.

Section 6: Plant Nematode Relationships Host-parasite relationships. Origin of parasitism among nematodes and types of parasitism. Injury caused by various groups

of plant parasitic nematodes, mechanisms involved, and histopathology of nematode infected tissues. Physiological specialization

and host specificity. Mechanisms of resistance in plants. Changes in physiology and biochemistry of plants due to nematodes.

Section 7: Nematode Physiology Principles of nematode physiology—Nutrition, digestion and assimilation. Pseudocoelom and function of transport.

Physiology of respiration, metabolism and excretion. Physiology of muscles, nervous and sensory responses and behaviour.

Physiology of growth, reproduction and development. Role of pheromones in communication.

Section 8: Nematode Management Principles and methods of nematode management-physical, cultural, biological, legislative and chemical methods.

Nematicides—their formulations, applications and mode of action. Concept of host resistance for nematode control including

their mechanisms. Integrated nematode management.

Section 9: Disease Complexes Caused by Nematodes and Other Pathogens Interaction of nematodes with other nematodes (predatory and parasitic). Interaction with other disease causing agents

like bacteria, fungi, viruses and mycorrhiza. Nematodes as biological indicators of toxic environmental contaminants.

Section 10: Statistics Frequency distribution. Measures of central tendency and dispersion-mean, median, mode, standard deviation etc.

Population distributions-normal, binomial and poisson. Correlations-partial and multiple. Regression—simple and multiple. Test

of significance, t, F and Chi-square tests. Experimental designs—basic principles of randomized block, Latin square and split

plot designs.

6.3. PLANT PATHOLOGY

Section 1: History and Principles of Plant Pathology Milestones in phytopathology with special reference to mycology, bacteriology, virology and mycoplasmatology. History

of development of epidemiological, physiological and molecular plant pathology. Development of chemical, legislative and

biological protection measures including breeding for disease resistance. Nature and classification of plant diseases; Koch’s

postulates. Inter-relationships between various plant pathogens and their hosts, Growth, reproduction and dispersal of plant

pathogens. Factors influencing infection. Entry of pathogens into plant. Colonization of infected plant, result of infection, and

37

symptomatology.

Section 2: Laboratory and Analytical Techniques Preparation and sterilization of common, media. Methods of isolation of plant pathogens. Purification using single spore,

single hyphal tip isolation, and dilution/streak planting. Purification of viruses. Maintenance and preservation of micro-organisms

in pure culture, methods of inoculation. Laboratory equipments and their use: autoclave, hot air oven, laminar flow, pH meter,

conductivity bridge, spectrophotometer, electrophoretic apparatus, light and electron microscopy Stains and staining. Selective

media.

Section 3: Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology Altered metabolism of plants under biotic and abiotic stresses. Molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, recognition

phenomenon, penetration. invasion, primary disease determinant. Enzymes and toxins in relation to plant diseases. Mechanism

of resistance, phytoalexins. Molecular detection of pathogens. High and low sugar pathogens. Tissue culture, somaclonal

variation, somatic hybridization. Elementary genetic engineering.

Section 4: Mycology and Fungal Physiology Economic mycology, edible fungi, and entomogenous fungi. Mycorrhizal associations. Fungal cell and its structure. Cell

organelles, their morphology, functions and chemical composition, genetics and variation. Classification of fungi. Life cycles of

fungi. Factors affecting spore formation, germination, metabolism, maturation and dormancy. Fungal nutrition and metabolism,

role of macro/micro-elements and vitamins, antibiotics, fungal toxins and enzymes.

Section 5: Bacteriology and Virology Morphology and structure of prokaryotic cell in relation to function. Origin, identification and classification of bacteria.

Infrastructure and chemical composition; metachromatical detection, growth curve and nutrition. Bacterial genetics and variability,

plasmid biology, transformation, conjugation, transduction, and transposon. Bacteriophages, ilytic and lysogenic

cycles. Prokaryotic inhibitors and their mode of action. Economic uses of bacteria. Bdellovibrio, MLOs and other fastidious

prokaryotes. Nature, composition and architecture of viruses and viroids. Properties of viruses. Inclusion bodies, and assay of

plant viruses including biological, physical, chemical, serological and molecular methods. Techniques used in diagnosis.

Behaviour of viruses in plants including infection, replication, movement and accumulation. Histopathological changes

induced by viruses in plants. Transmission of viruses. Virus-vector relationships. Nomenclature and classification of viruses.

Variability in viruses and viroids.

Section 6: Plant Disease Epidemiology Concepts in epidemiology. Development of disease in plant population. Role of environment and meteorological factors in

the development of plant disease epidemics. Survey, surveillance and forecasting of diseases and assessment of losses.

Epidemics analysis and prediction.

Section 7: Phanerogamic Diseases and Abiotic Stress Diseases caused by phanerogamic parasites and their management. Abiotic stresses. Diseases due to unfavourable soil

environment, atmospheric pollution and nutritional deficiencies.

Section 8: Fungal Diseases of Crops Fungal diseases of cereals, millets, oilseeds and pulses, fruits and vegetables, and plantation, fibre, spices and ornamental

crops with special reference to the etiology, disease cycle, perennation, epidemiology and management. Post-harvest diseases

in transit and storage, and their management.

Section 9: Bacterial and Viral Diseases of Crop Plants Crop diseases of cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables, fruits, plantation and fibre crops caused by bacteria, fastidious

prokaryotes, viruses and viroids. Mode of transmission, virus-vector relationships, epidemiology and management.

Section 10: Management of Plant-Diseases Chemical, Biological and Legislative General principles of plant quarantine: domestic and International quarantine.

Exotic pathogens and pathogens introduced into India. Disease resistance; genetic basis of diseases resistance, genetic

basis of pathogenicity, gene and gene hypothesis, breeding for disease resistance, methods for screening for resistance in

a segregating population. Tissue culture: production of disease-free plants, in vitro selection for disease resistance. Seed

certification. Commercial production of disease-free seeds. Groups of fungicides and antibiotics. Mode of action of fungicides

and antibiotics. Bioassay of fungicides. Compatibility of fungicides with other agricultural chemicals. Spraying and dusting of

fungicides. Spraying and dusting equipments, their care and maintenance. Resistance and tolerance to fungicides. Influence

of fungicides on environment. Integrated management. Micro-organisms antagonistic to plant pathogens in soil, rhizosphere

and phyllosphere, plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), deleterious rhizobacteria (DRB), hypovirulence, and

cross protection. Use of microorganisms in the control of plant diseases.

Section 11: Statistics Frequency distribution, mean, median and mode. Standard deviation. Normal, binomial and Poisson distributions.

Probit analysis. Correlations, regression coefficients, and multiple regression. Tests of significance, t, F and Chi-square tests.

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Experimental designs—basic principles, completely randomized, randomized block, Latin square and split-plot designs and

their analysis.

07. VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-I

(7.1 Animal Genetics and Breeding, 7.2 Animal Nutrition, 7.3 Livestock Production and Management,

7.4 Livestock Products Technology, 7.5 Poultry Science, 7.6 Animal Physiology)

7.1. ANIMAL GENETICS AND BREEDING

Section 1: Overview of Genetics History and development of genetics. Classic researchers and pioneer scientists in genetics. Mendelism and its deviations.

Chromosomes in heredity. Sex in relation to chromosome and gene. Linkage and crossing over. Linear arrangement of genes.

Artificial transmutation of genes. Penetrance and expressivity. Multiple factor inheritance. Gene modifiers. Non-chromosomal

genes and their inheritance. Variation in natural populations.

Section 2: Advanced Genetics Fine structure of chromosomes and chromosomal banding. Gene and mechanism of gene action. DNA replication, central

dogma, protein synthesis, genetic code and DNA cloning. Recombinant DNA technology. Gene bank concept. Split gene.

Translocation. Genetic control of hormone coordination, metabolism and metabolic disease. Genetic engineering and

its applications. Cryogenic preservation of animal germplasm. Transgenics. Application of immunogenetics,

biochemical polymorphism, chromosomal studies in livestock improvement programmes. Blood groups and their significance.

Section 3: Overview of Breeding Brief history of domestication of farm livestock. Scientific animal husbandry for more milk, meat, egg, wool, power,

pashmina and mohair. Evolution of genetic systems. Isolating mechanisms and origin of species and sup-species—their

adaptation, hybridization and evolution.

Section 4: Genetic Properties of Population Population versus individual. Inheritance and continuity of population. Effective population size. Description of animal

populations. Estimation of variances and covariances, and their partitioning. Resemblances between relatives. Heritability,

repeatability, genetic, phenotypic and environmental correlations-methods of their estimation, uses, possible biases and precision.

Section 5: Population Genetics Gene and genotype frequencies and factors affecting them. Hardy Weinberg Law. Selection: response to selection and its

prediction. Bases of selection. Index selection. Different methods of sire evaluation. Threshold characters. Indirect selection and

correlated response. Metric characters under natural selection. Combining ability.

Section 6: Breeding Systems Various mating systems used in different species of livestock and poultry. Inbreeding. Genetic and phenotypic consequences

of inbreeding. Measurement of degree of inbreeding and relationship. Outbreeding-grading, rotational crossing, cross-breeding.

Genetic and phenotypic consequences of outbreeding. Heterosis, its uses and measurement. Diallel and Polyallele

crossing. Reciprocal and reciprocal recurrent selection. Role of artificial insemination with liquid and frozen semen. Multiple

ovulation and embryo transfer technology in livestock improvement programmes. Open nucleus breeding systems in livestock

improvement with special reference to tropical countries. Biotechnology and its role in improving animal and poultry

production.

Section 7: Selection Experiments Long-and short-term objectives. Measurement of improvement, Selection differential and intensity of selection. Prediction

of response. Improvement of response. Effect of selection on variance. Realized heritability. Selection experiments in livestock

and poultry. Selection for disease resistance for developing resistant strains/breeds. Purpose-based selection and breeding of

domestic animals and avians. Estimation of genetic divergence and its implication in livestock improvement.

Section 8: Genetic Laboratory Techniques Culturing Drosophila stock. Study of Drosophila with markers. Gene sequencing- Blood group typing. Chromosomal

mapping. Basic concepts of genetic engineering, i.e., recombinant DNA technology, nucleic acid hybridization etc.

Section 9: Techniques for Research in Quantitative Animal Genetics Biometrical. Estimation of variances and covariances. Outlines of analysis of experimental observations assuming a

linear model and normally distributed varieties. Measurement of inbreeding and relationship. Estimation of

heritability. Estimation of genetic and environmental correlations and their interpretations. Devising efficient selection

programmes, and procedures. Designing efficient breeding experiments for testing effectiveness of reciprocal recurrent

selection, diallel and polyallele crossing and inbreeding programmes. Efficiency of different methods of sire evaluation:

Designing efficient field progeny-testing programmes.

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7.2. ANIMAL NUTRITION

Section 1: Energy and Proteins

Mono-and hetero-polysaccharides of nutritional significance. Cell wall constituents. Glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Available energy from carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Dietary lipids, their digestion, absorption and metabolism. Essential fatty acids. Dietary fat and milk composition. Partitioning of feed energy. Basal metabolic rate. Energy retention. Respiratory exchange and carbon-nitrogen balance techniques. Factors affecting energy utilization. Proteins—their evaluation and utilization. Metabolic faecal-N and endogenous urinary-N. Essential amino acids. Significance of undergradable proteins. Protein-energy inter-relationships. Efficiency of energy and protein utilization for growth, milk, wool and egg production.

Section 2: Minerals, Vitamins and Feed Additives Minerals: Sources, physiological functions and deficiency symptoms. Inter-relationships-synergism and antagonism. Inter-

relationships among minerals and vitamins. Mineral toxicity and its effects. Vitamins: Sources, physiological functions and

deficiency symptoms, hyper-vitaminosis. Antibiotics: Probiotics, hormones and other growth-promoting factors,

Section 3: Rumen Eco-system and Function Rumen environment. Rumen movements. Rumen development. Rumen micro-organisms, their role and significance.

Rumen protozoa and their role. Defaunation and its effect on feed utilization and animal productivity. Manipulation of microbial

composition for optimum rumen fermentation. Utilization of fibre, starch, soluble carbohydrates, VFA production,

interconversion and utilization. Non-Protein Nitrogen (NPN) and protein degradation in rumen. Nitrogen cycle.

Deamination and microbial protein synthesis. Ruminal biohydrogenation and utilization of plant lipids. Methanogenesis and its

control. Rumen dysfunctions. Protection of lipids and proteins for their efficient utilization.

Section 4: Non-ruminant Nutrition Comparative gastro-intestinal physiology and metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, fat, minerals and vitamins in

poultry and swine. Nutritive requirements. Feeding systems. Feed additives. Nutritional factors affecting quality of the products.

Section 5: Nutrient Requirements Energy and protein requirements for maintenance, growth, reproduction, milk, work and woo! production by different

ruminant species. Mineral, vitamin and water requirements. Factors affecting energy and protein requirements. Factors

affecting feed intake. Feeding standards—Morrison. ARC, NRC and Indian. Nutritional inter-relationships. Genetic-nutrient and

parasitic- nutrient interactions. Environmental effect on nutrient requirements.

Section 6: Forage Conservation and Evaluation Common forages and their composition. Significance of forage conservation. Methods of making silage and hay making.

Factors affecting quality of silage and hay. Chemical treatment of crop residues for improving their feeding value. Feeding

livestock under scarcity conditions. Different methods of feed evaluation.

Section 7: Feed Processing and Technology Feed processing techniques. Feed formulation based upon least cost. Feed grinding, mixing and pelleting. Chemical and

physical changes in feed and by-products during processing and their effects on feed utilization. Quality control of feed ingredients

and finished products. Significance of BIS standards. Handling and storage of raw materials and finished products, Chemical,

physical and biological treatment of feeds and crop residues for improving their quality. Use of feed binders. Use of agro-

industrial by products for economic feed formulation.

Section 8: Antimetabolites and Toxic Principles Natural occurrence and metabolism of herbage toxins like alkaloids, glycosides, glycoproteins and phenolic compounds.

Aflatoxins and Salmonella poisoning. Insecticide and pesticide residues in feeds, Detoxification of various antimetabolites/toxic

principles.

Section 9: Elements of Research Methodology Principles of experimentation. Statistical designs for conducting feeding trials. Methodology of partitioning of

carbohydrates- Weende’s and detergent methods. Metabolic evaluation of feeds, nylon bag and in vitro degradability

of feeds. Use of biotechnological and radiotracer techniques in animal nutrition.

7.3. LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT Section 1. General

Review of animal production systems in different parts of country. Present status and future prospects of livestock and

poultry development in India. Livestock and poultry development programmes currently in operation in the county. Cattle and

buffalo production trends in the last two decades and factors affecting them. Important breeds of cattle and buffalo, trails of

economic importance and their inter-relationships. Production trends of sheep and goat including important breeds and their

economic importance. Trends in swine production and population and factors affecting them.

Section 2: Breeding Management Basic principles of inheritance, . Concept of heritability, repeatability and selection. Importance methods of selection and

40

systems of breeding in farm animals and birds. Maintaining breeding records and their scientific interpretation. Principles of

biotechnology in animal improvement. Scope of reproductive biotechnology in augmenting animal productivity.

Section 3: Feeding Management Nutritional requirements and feeding management of different categories of livestock and poultry. Antibiotic and probiotic

feeding in farm animals and birds. Computation and formulation of ration for various categories of livestock and poultry. Linear

programming and least-cost ration formulation for maximum profits in farm animals. Feeding principles in birds and their differences

from ruminant feeding. Systems of feeding livestock and birds. NRC, ICAR and BSI standards of feeding livestock and poultry.

Feeding of draft and meat animals. Importance of applied feed biotechnology in relation to animal productivity. Processing and

storage of conventional and nonconventional feed ingredients. lndustrial uses of animal and poultry by products.

Section 4: Reproduction Management Effect of climate and nutrition on male and female reproduction. Effect of seasons at carving on various reproductive traits

(postpartum, service period etc.). Importance of early pregnancy diagnosis. Methods of heat detection. Artificial insemination.

Oestrous prediction and synchronization. Causes of disturbed fertility and its prevention in farm animals. Management factors

affecting reproductive efficiency. Role of management in fertility of dairy animals. Male and female reproductive organs of

birds. Egg formation. Structure and composition of egg. Prenatal and post-natal care and management of cow and buffalo.

Care of neonate. Rearing of calves. Management strategies for attaining early maturity in heifers. Care and management of dry

cows and breeding bulls. Summer and winter management problems and their solutions.

Section 5: Shelter Management Including Hygiene and Sanitation Housing systems, selection of site and arrangement of animal and poultry houses. Space requirement for livestock and

poultry. Housing designs based on different agro-climatic regions. BlS standards for livestock and poultry housing. Lay-out

plans of buildings for different species and categories. Microclimatic changes and modifications in animal houses. Engineering

aspects and sub-tropics. Improving the existing farm structures. Common disinfectants and santizers used on animal farms.

Disposal of animal wastes under urban and rural conditions. Disposal of carcasses.

Section 6: Health Management General approach to livestock health programmes. Symptoms of ill health. Important infectious diseases of livestock and

poultry and their control. Vaccination schedules in animals and poultry. Internal and external parasites and their control. Important

ailments associated with reproduction. Nutritional and metabolic disease of livestock and birds. Accidental health disorders and

their control. Role of management in calf mortality. Segregation and quarantine management for large animals and birds.

Concepts of first aid at farms.

Section 7: Production and Management of Other Animals Draft animals: Population dynamics of various categories of draft and work animals in India. Characteristics of draft

animals. Estimating draft capacity of different species. Feeding, care and management of draft animals. Management of camel

with special reference to rearing, feeding and watering. Behavioural studies of various draft animals. Economics of draft animals

visa-vis machine power. Sheep and goat: Selection of breeds and breeding systems for improving wool, mohair, meat and milk.

Feeding practices for economic rearing or sheep and goat. Scope of intensive milk and meat production from goat. Mutton and

wool production from sheep. Low-cost shelter management for sheep and goat. Sheep and goat reproduction. Health management

packages for optimizing sheep and goat production. Poultry: Management of chicks, growing, laying and breeding flocks.

Production and management of replacement pullets. Culling of laying flocks. Light management, hatchery management.

Chick sexing. Maintenance of farm records. Health and sanitation problems and their control. Poultry shows and

poultry judging. Swine: Importance of pig as meat animal. Selection of breeds and breeding systems for improving pig

production. Feeding strategies for pigs. Care and management of pregnant sows and unweaned piglets. Reproduction

programmes in lndia with special reference to weaker sections of society. Rabbit: Economic importance. Important fur and

meat type breeds. Housing, handling, feeding, watering, breeding management, sanitation and health care of rabbits.

Section 8: Wild Life Management: Status of Wild Life in lndia and its Conservation Biological and ecological basis of management of wild life. Breeding and feeding of wild life in captivity. Wild life health

control. Animal behaviour vis-à-vis adaptation and production: Principles of domestication and behavioral factors favouring

domestication. Milking, feeding and grazing. Mating behaviour in various species of livestock and poultry. Agnostic behaviour,

causes and control. Social order in farm animals. Adaptation of livestock and poultry in tropics, deserts cold and

high altitudes, and in stress.

Section 9: Forage Production and Conservation Feed and fodder resources used for feeding of livestock and poultry. Nutritive value of feeds and fodders. Conservation

and preservation of feeds and fodders. Annual and perennial fodder crops. Strategies for round-the-year fodder production.

Pasture development and management. Enrichment of poor-quality roughages. Farming systems: Mixed farming, arable farming,

integrated and specialized farming systems.

Section 10: Economics and Marketing of Livestock and Poultry and Their Products Economic principles as applied to livestock production. Production functions. Farm size, resources and

41

product combinations. Cost concepts. Efficient criteria in use of resources in livestock production. Maintenance and evaluation of

different production records. Insurance and financing of livestock enterprises. Project formulation for setting up livestock farms.

Different approaches to marketing of livestock and its products. Present status of cattle fairs and methods of selling

livestock. Market news and information. Determination of prices of livestock products. Vertical integration in livestock

products industries. Price spread in marketing of livestock and its products.

Section 11: Research Methodology in Livestock Production and Management Basic, applied, operational and adaptive research related to livestock production and management. Designing

experimental programmes and application of experimental techniques in animal production. Feed analysis techniques. Methods of

determination of egg, meat and milk quality. Techniques of measurement and evaluation of animal behaviour. Judging of

animals for breeding, milk and draft purposes.

7.4. LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS TECHNOLOGY Section 1: Basic and General Aspects of Livestock Products

Present status and future prospects. Structure, composition, physical, biochemical and nutritive aspects, and functional

properties of different kinds of meat, fish and eggs. Sensory evaluation and organoleptic properties of livestock products.

Postmortem aspects of muscle as meat. Ageing of meat and chemical changes. Meat in human health. Bacterial, yeasts and

moulds important in food microbiology. General principles of spoilage. Chemical and deteriorative changes caused by micro-

organisms. Contamination and spoilage of meat, fish, poultry and eggs. Food poisoning and food-borne infections. Assessment

of microbial condition and wholesomeness of different livestock products. National and International microbial standards.

Section 2: Abattoir and Poultry Processing Plants Origin and source of animal foods. Lay out, construction, design, organization, operation and maintenance of abattoirs

and poultry processing plants, pre-slaughter care and slaughtering techniques for different animals and birds. Antemortem and

Postmortem inspection. Judging and grading of animals and birds of foot and on rail. Condemnation and disposal of unfit

material. Disposal of slaughter house effluents. Sanitation, plant operation and maintenance. Sanitary standards for meat

packing plants. Fabrication of meat. Adulteration and misrepresentation of meat. State, Municipal and other regulations pertaining

to meat trade. Meat Food Products Order. Processing and utilisation of various animal and poultry by-products, slaughter house

and poultry plant offals. Methods of utilization of blood, fat, hides and skin, horns, hooves, wool, hair, feathers, glands and other

byproducts. Importance and utilization of by-products in industry.

Section 3: Processing and Preservation Principles of preservation of livestock products. Equipment and technology for processing and preservation. Industrial

food preservation: chilling, freezing, freeze drying, dehydration, canning, irradiation, pasteurisation, curing, smoking, use of

chemical additives and antibiotics. Cooking methods including micro-wave cooking. Tenderization and use of enzymes for

processed foods. New product development. Intermediate moisture foods, fermented foods, restructured meat, and convenient

food products of livestock origin. Application of biotechnology in meat, poultry and fish product development and preservation.

Sanitation, regulation and inspection of processed meat foods. Effects of processing on nutritional, chemical, microbiological

and organoleptic qualities of livestock products. Economics of processing and product development.

Section 4: Fish Products Fishery resources. Marine and freshwater fish. Production, transportation, processing, preservation, grading, standards,

quality control, packaging, labelling and marketing of fish and fish products. Utilization of fish processing waste.

Section 5: Wool, Mohair and Fur Basic aspects of wool science. Shearing, physical and chemical characteristics, processing, grading, standardization

and marketing of wool mohair and fur.

Section 6: Packaging Principles of packaging. Types of packaging materials. Characterization, methods and systems of packaging.

Standardization and quality control of packaging material.

Section 7: Quality Control Grades and grading of livestock products. Regulatory and inspection methods—Municipal and State laws. Bureau of

Indian Standards and lnternational Standards for fresh meat and poultry including their products and by-products. Detection of

antibiotics, chemical residues, heavy metals and toxins in meat.

Section 8: Marketing Livestock production and supply characteristics. Meat consumption and related demands. Types of market and trends in

marketing livestock products and by-products: wholesale, retail and future trends. Consumer aptitude, education and awareness,

and popularization of new products. Corporate bodies in regulating markets, marketing boards, co-operative agencies, internal

trade and development of international market for livestock products. Organization, operation and sanitation of meat, poultry,

fish and egg retailing units. Fast food chains and super markets.

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7.5. POULTRY SCIENCE Section 1: Poultry Genetics and Breeding

Phylogeny of poultry species, class, breed, variety and strain of chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys and other species of

poultry. Mendelian traits in poultry. Inheritance of qualitative traits in poultry and their usefulness. Inheritance of comb, plumage

and other qualitative traits. Sex linked and sex influenced traits, their inheritance and usefulness. Economically important traits

and their mode of inheritance. Gene action influencing the traits. Lethal and semi-lethal traits in poultry and their mode of

inheritance. Quantitative traits. Inheritance of egg number, egg weight, growth rate, livability, fertility, hatchability, egg quality

and other economic traits. Heritability and their estimates. Genetic correlations, their computation and application. Different

methods of selection for genetic improvement natural, artificial, directional, disruptive and stabilizing. Individual selection and

family selection. Mass selection, combined selection and indirect selection. Construction of selection indices. Exploitation of

additive and non-additive gene effects. Selection for specific characters. Recurrent and reciprocal recurrent selection. Part

record versus complete records selection. Gene-type and environment interaction. Relative merits and demerits of different

methods of selection. Different mating systems Diallel mating, pair mating, pen mating and block mating. Artificial insemination

collection and insemination techniques, dilution, diluents and cryopreservation of semen. Inbreeding and out breeding. Pureline

breeding. Cross-breeding. Hybridization and hybrid vigour. In crossbreeding. Utilization of hybrid vigour in improving economic

traits, 3-way and 4-way crossing and development of hybrids. Modern trends in commercial poultry breeding. Dwarf gene and

its usefulness in broiler breeding. Practical breeding programmes for developing broilers and layers. Selection for disease

resistance. Immunogenetics. Blood group systems. Biochemical polymorphism and its usefulness in poultry breeding. Development

of transgenic chicken. Genetic engineering and its usefulness in future breeding programmes.

Section 2: Poultry Nutrition Various nutrients and their role in poultry. Nutrient requirements of different species of poultry as per Bureau of Indian

Standards and National Research Council of the USA. Partition of energy. Estimation of M.E and T.M.E. Essential and critical

amino acids and their interrelationships. Evaluation of protein quality Essential fatty acids. Essential vitamins and minerals and

their functions. Nutrients deficiency, toxicity, synergism and antagonism. Naturally occurring toxicants, their adverse effect on

poultry production and methods to overcome them. Fungal exotoxins of feed origin, their adverse effects on poultry, and methods

to overcome them. Different systems of feeding, wet mash, dry mash, crumble and pellet feeding. Restricted feeding programme.

Male separate feeding. Factors influencing the feed intake. Feed ingredients and sources of various nutrients. Quality control

and B.I.S. specifications for feed ingredients. Unconventional feed stuffs and their utilization for economic feed formulation.

Feed formulation for different age groups and species. Least cost formulation and linear programming. Non-nutrient feed additives.

Antibiotics—direct feed microbials, antimicrobials, anticoccidials, performance-promoters, antioxidants, flavouring agents,

colouring agents and other non-nutrient feed additives.

Section 3: Avian Physiology Digestion and metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals. Physiology of growth and reproduction.

Endocrine control of reproduction. Female reproduction. Egg formation and factors influencing egg formation and production.

Male reproduction. Spermatogenesis. Morphology of semen. Factors influencing fertility. Respiration. Thermoregulator mechanism

in poultry. Climatic factors and their influence on birds. Physiological changes during stress. Broodiness. Clutch, laying cycle

and oviposition.

Section 4: Poultry Products Technology Structure, chemical composition and nutritive value of egg. Various measures of egg qualilty. Shell, albumen and yolk

quality assessment. Factors influencing egg quality and quality deterioration. Changes taking place during egg quality deterioration.

Weight and quality grades of egg as per B.I.S., Agmark and USDA standards. Egg processing and storage. Different methods

of preservation of table eggs and their relative merits and demerits. Preparation of various egg products and their

uses. Processing, packing, preservation and grading of poultry. Cut-up parts. Further processing and fast food preparation.

Physical, chemical, microbial and organoleptic evaluation of meat quality. Processing and utilization of egg and poultry waste

products.

Section 5: Poultry Management Poultry industry in India, its growth and future prospects. Major constraints facing the poultry industry. Principles of

incubation. Development of chicks, extraembryonic membranes, and embryonic mortality. Selection of hatching eggs. Care

and storage of hatching eggs. Methods of incubation. Concept of modern hatcheries. Factors essential for incubation of eggs.

Testing of eggs. High altitudes and hatchability of eggs. Embryonic communication. Photo acceleration and embryonic growth.

Factors influencing hatchability and production of quality chicks. Analyzing hatchability problems. Hatchery hygiene. Fumigation

procedure. Prevention of hatchery borne diseases. Utilization and disposal of hatchery waste. Prerequisite of good hatchery.

Lay out of a modern hatchery. Equipments required in a modern hatchery. Single and multi-stage incubators. Hatchery business.

Sexing and chicks. Packaging and handling of chicks. Principles and methods of breeding. Space requirement for brooding,

rearing, feeding and watering. Preparation of brooder house to receive young chicks. Prevention of starving of turkey poults.

Brooding of quails and ducklings. Management during growing period. Overcrowding. Culling. Management of replacement

pullets for egg production and breeding stock. Management of layers. Light management. Debeaking, dubbing and other farm

routines. Litter management. Broodiness and forced moulding in layers. Management of turkey, ducks, quails, guinea fowl and

43

pigeon. Summer and winter management.

Farm location and site selection. Ideal layout of poultry houses for different systems of rearing. Design of poultry houses

like brooder, grower, broiler, layer and cage houses. Poultry processing unit, feed mill, etc. Environmentally controlled and open

poultry houses. Types of construction materials used. Cross-ventilation and ridge ventilation. Effect of pollution on production

performance of birds. Ammonia control-type of brooders, feeders, waters, laying nests, cages etc. Automation in poultry production.

Section 6: Economics and Marketing Economic principles as applied to poultry production. Production function. Farm size resources and product combinations,

efficient criteria in use of resources in poultry production. Cost concept. Maintenance and evaluation of different production

records. Insurance and financing of poultry enterprises. Project formulation for setting up of poultry farms and hatcheries.

Production and requirement of poultry products in India and for exports. Various marketing channels. Transportation of eggs

and chicken. Marketing approaches. Horizontal and vertical integration in poultry industry and their importance, Price spread in

marketing of poultry and poultry products.

Section 7: Poultry Health Management Common viral diseases of poultry and their control. Common bacterial, fungal, protozoan, parasitic and other emerging

diseases of poultry, their prevention, control and treatment. Metabolic diseases and disorders. Vaccination programme.

Deworming programme. Control of coccidiosis. worms, ectoparasites and flies. Medication procedures. Cleaning and disinfection

of poultry houses. Drinking water sanitation. General farm sanitation and hygiene. Safe disposal of dead birds and farm waste.

Stress control. Heat stroke. Cold shock. Vices of poultry and their control.

7.6. ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY Section 1: Biophysical and Biochemical Principles Related to Physiology

Animal cell-ultra structure, composition and functions. Physio-chemical laws and membrane phenomena. Body fluid and

its dynamics.

Section 2: Blood and Circulation Blood coagulation. Haemoglobin and its polymorphism. Anaemias. Reticulo-endothelial system. Body defense mechanism

and immunogenesis. Electrophysiology of heart. Electro-cardiography-principles and interpretation. Hemodynamics and

concerned biophysical principles. Capillary fluid exchange and lymphatic circulation. Neural and humoral control of heart and

blood vessels. Cardiac output and vascular reflexes. Autoregulation mechanisms in the heart. Regional circulation —coronary,

pulmonary, cerebral, muscle, kidney and skin. Blood Brain barrier. Circulatory shock and hypertension.

Section 3: Respiration Mechanics of respiration. Neural and chemical control of respiration. Gaseous transport and exchange. Hypoxia. Physiology

of hypo-barrism and high altitude. Work and exercise physiology.

Section 4: Excretion Modern concepts of urine formation. Control of renal circulation. Secretion and absorption in renal tubules. Regulation of

acid-base balance by blood buffers, lungs and kidneys. Hormonal and renal regulation of body fluids and electrolyte balance.

Physiology of micturition. Uremia and other renal disorders. Renal function in birds.

Section 5: Digestion Control of motility and secretion of alimentary canal. Gastric hormones and reflexes in the control of digestive functions.

Control of rumen motility. Digestion in ruminant and monogastric animals. Absorption from rumen and the digestive

tract. Manipulation of rumen microflora to enhance fibre digestion and microbial protein synthesis. Nitrogen recycling and

rumen bypass mechanism. Post-ruminal digestion. Physiology of rumen disorders. Avian digestion (different features).

Section 6: Muscle Physiology Muscle types and their intra-cellular contractile mechanisms. Electrophysiology of muscles. Neuromuscular junction.

Excitation contraction coupling, its biochemical and ionic mechanisms. Molecular basis of muscle contraction. Myopathies.

Section 7: Nervous System General organization of nervous system. Neuron structure and function. Excitability and transmission of

impulse. Junctional transmission. Neurotransmitters. Reflex action. Initiation of impulses from sense organ/receptors.

Functions of spinal cord, brain stem and cerebellum. Limbic system and cerebral cortex. Reticular activating system—sleep and

wakefulness. EEC. Autonomic nervous system. Hypothalamus and its autonomic functions in endocrine and visceral

regulation. Ascending and descending tracts. Cerebral cortex, its role in motor and sensory functions. Physiology of learning

and memory. Physiology of pain. Special senses.

Section 8: Endocrinology Hormones. Hormone receptors. Mechanism of hormone action at cellular and sub-cellular levels. Feedback control of

hormone secretion. Releasing and inhibiting factors. Pineal gland and its hormones. Hormones of hypophysis and all other

endocrine glands. Mechanisms of different hormone actions. Endocrine disorders.

44

Section 9: Reproduction Hormonal control gametogenesis. Gonadal hormonal output and their functions in males and females. Neuro-endocrine-

gondal axis and feedback mechanisms. Male spermatogenesis: Androgens. Accessory sex glands. Control of fertility. Sexual

behaviour-erection, ejaculation etc. Factors affecting semen production and evaluation. Artificial insemination-

collection, preservation and transport of semen dilutors. Freezing of semen. Oogenesis ovulation: Corpus luteum. Oestrus

cycle and pregnancy. Ovarian hormones-estrogen-progesterone, relaxin and prostaglandins. Oestrous synchronization. Super-

ovulation. Sperm capacitation and acrosomal reaction. Sperm and ovum transport in female genital tract- Fertilization.

Implantation. Maintenance of pregnancy. Physiology of placenta. Zygote as an endocrine and immunogenic structure.

Physiology of parturition. Role of adrenal corticoids, PGs, oxytocin and gonadal hormones. Embryo transfer-collection,

preservation, transport and transplantation of embryos. Oocyte culture. In vitro fertilization. Hormonal control of mammary

gland growth before puberty, during pregnancy and after parturition. Hormonal control of milk secretion. Milk let-down. Control

of initiation, maintenance and cessation of lactation. Role of hormones and nutrients in milk production. Mammary gland

involution. Milk precursors and synthesis of milk constituents.

Section 10: Physiology of Growth Concept and definition. Growth regulation and factors of affecting prenatal and post-natal growth. Role of growth in

production.

Section 11: Climatology Physiology of climatic stress. Effects of stress on production and reproduction. Neural and hormonal regulation of body

temperature in homeotherms. Mechanism of adaptation. Photoperiodicity and biological rhythms.

08. VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-II

[8.1 Veterinary Parasitology, 8.2 Veterinary Public Health , 8.3 Biochemistry (Animal Science), 8.4 Biotechnology (Animal Science), 8.5 Veterinary Microbiology, 8.6 Veterinary Pathology]

8.1 VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY

Section 1 Classification, structure, physiology, life cycle, mode of transmission, occurrence and distribution of the parasites of

Veterinary importance belonging to the following:

A. Helminthology

(a) Platyhelminthes-Trematoda: Bicrocoelidate, Heterphylidae. prosthogenimidae, Plagierchidae. Opisthorchlidae.

Fasciolidae, echinostomatidae. Notocotylidae. Paragonimidae. Paramphistomataidae, and Schistosomatidae.

(b) Platyhelminthes-Cestoda

(c) Nemathelminthes-Nematoda

Ascardidae, Anisakidae, oxyuridae, heterakidae, Subuluridae, Rhabditidae, Strongyloididae, Stongylidae,

Trichonematidae, Amidostomiae, Stephanuridae, Syngamidae, Ancylostomatidae, Trichostronglidae, Dictyocaulidae,

Metastrongylidae, Protostrongy-lidae, Filaroididae, Spiruridae, Thelazides, Acuaridae, Tetrameridae, Physalopteridae,

Gnathostomatidae, Filaridae, Setariidae, Onchocercidae, Dracunculidae, Trichinellidae, Trichuridae Capillariidae,

and Dictophymatidae.

(d) Acanthocephata-Polymorphidae, Oligacanthorhychidae.

B. Protozoa

Tryanesomatidae, Trichomonadidaiae, Monocercomondadidae, Hexamitidae, Endomoebidae, Cryptosporidiidae,

Eimeriidae, Sarcocystidae, Haemogregarinidae, Plasmodidae, Babesiidae, Theileriidae and Balantiidae.

C. Arthropoda

(a) Insecta: Amblycera, Ischnocera, Haematopinidae, Linognathidae, Culicidae, ceratopogonidae, Simuliidae,

Psychodiadae, Tabanidae, Oestridae and Hippoboscidae.

(b) Arachidna: Dermanyssidae, Argasidae, Ixodidae, Trombiculidae, Pediculoididae, Demodicidae, Sarcoptidae and

Psoroptidae.

(c) Pentastomida: Linguatulidae.

Section 2: Parasitic Pathology It includes pathogenesis, pathology clinical symptoms, lesions, and hematological and biochemical changes of important

groups of parasites of great economic importance with particular reference to those widely prevalent in domestic mammals

and bird in India.

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Section 3: Parasitic Zoonoses Consideration of these parasites that are of great public health importance globally and for India. Each zoonotic disease

thus identified should be analyzed in terms of its different components to establish its chain of transmission cycle from animals

to man and vice-versa.

Section 4: Parasitic Techniques Laboratory techniques used for diagnosis of parasitic diseases; collection of biological materials, coprological examination,

preparation and training of blood and organ smears, section cutting and staining of tissue sections. Identification of cysts, eggs,

larval and immature stages and adult parasites, use of laboratory animals: for diagnosis; methods of laboratory culture of

preparasitics stages.

Section 5: Treatment and Control of Parasites

(a) Information regarding different anthelmintics, antiprotozoan compounds, and insecticides including acaricides; mode

of their administration and their therapeutic and prophylactic doses with due precautions wherever applicable; and

problems of drug resistance.

(b) Various practical measures recommended for controlling common and economically important parasites of domestic

mammals and birds, and their rationale; mass drenching schedules and methods of their formation for organized

livestock and poultry farms.

Section 6

(a) Immunity to Parasites

Nature and mechanism of immunity to parasites/especially helminths, protozoa, and ixodid ticks. How it differs from

immunity to bacterial and viral infections? Humoral and cellular factors in immunity. Information on auto-immune

reactions and other immunopathological conditions in parasitic diseases. Information on premunition, self-care and

types of antibodies produced against parasites. How parasites circumvent the immune-surveillance of the host?

(b) Immunoprophylaxis

Use of vaccines against some important parasites available so far, and their rationale. Information on different

immune-diagnostic tests and their techniques used against different parasites, their relative specificity and sensitivity;

methods for preparation of antigens and their fractionation; methods of preparation of antisera/hyper-immune sera.

8.2 VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH

Section 1: Veterinary Public Health Definition. International and national organization and administration of veterinary public health education—methods and

channels.

Section 2: Milk Hygiene Definition. Various types of milk—standard milk, sweetened milk, toned milk, double-toned milk, and condensed milk.

Significance and importance of milk hygiene. Milk-borne infections. Pesticides, insecticides, antibiotics, drug residues, mycotoxins,

plant toxins and their residues in milk. Toxic metals. Microbiology of milk and milk products. Source of contaminations and their

public health significance. Prevention of contamination by sanitation practices in dairy farms, collection centres and milk plants.

Pasteurization and sterilization of milk. Quality control of milk and milk products. Spoilage of milk products. Prevention of milk

and milk products.

Section 3: Meat Hygiene Definition. Significance and importance of meat hygiene. Meat-borne diseases and their epidemiology. Production of raw

materials and transport. Antemortem and post-mortem examination for bacterial and parasitic infections and judgment.

Application of bacteriological and biochemical tests on meat and meat products. Emergency slaughter, inspection and judgment.

Hygiene aspects of meat processing. Disposal and reclamation of by-products. Inspection of egg, poultry and fish, and judgment

for hygienic quality.

Section 4: Food-borne Infection and Intoxication Bacterial food poisoning-salmonellosis, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus,

botulism, and enteritis due to Campylobacter species. Viral poisoning-infectious hepatitis, poliomyelltis, gastroenteritis, and

animal toxins naturally toxic to man. Secondary toxicity. Chemical poisoning and radioactive substances. Epidemiological

investigations of food-borne infections. Food safety measures.

Section 5: Zoonoses Definition. Classification. Bacterial, viral, rickettsial, parasitic and mycotic zoonoses and their epidemiology, public health

significance, prevention and control. Occupational zoonoses and prevention.

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Section 6: Environmental Hygiene Water-sources of contamination, prevention of contamination, purification and sterilization of water, monitoring of quality.

Water-borne infections, their prevention of and control. Potability standards. Air-microbiological pollution, and air-

borne infections and their prevention. Chemical pollution. Methane production. Pesticide and insecticide contamination.

Animal wastes. Solid and liquid wastes from farms, slaughterhouses, milk and meat plants, their effect on environment and

human health, and their treatment. Disposal of dead animals and their economical utilization.

Section 7: Epidemiology Definition, principles and scope of epidemiology. Variables in epidemiology. Agent-host environment and ecological

interactions. Patterns and trends of disease occurrence—endemic, epidemic, pandemic. seasonal, periodic and cyclic trends.

Health statistics and demographic methods. Measurement of health and diseases—morbidity and mortality. Sampling methods.

Prevention and control of zoonotic diseases. Epidemiological surveys and surveillance. International organizations

and administration of veterinary public health services.

Section 8: Experimental Medicine Species of experimental animals. Care and management practices. Raising specific pathogen-free, gnotobiotic and germ-

free animals and their specific utility in biomedical research.

Section 9: Health Education Personal hygiene and health education of workers engaged in animal husbandry activities, slaughter houses, milk

plants, and animal by-products, and industrial enterprises.

Section 10: Standards, Guidelines and Legislation Concept of microbiological standards. Guidelines. Legislation. Food hygiene legislation. Code of practice. BSI standards

and Indian legislation. Indicator organisms. Definition of quality and quality assurance. Achievements of quality of raw materials

and processed materials. Critical points and processing (Hazard analysis critical control point). Waste materials. Maintenance

of processing. Role of management.

Section 11: Microbiology in Public Health Types of important bacteria in milk, meat, and their products. General characters of bacteria, mould, yeast and virus.

Growth curve of bacteria. Factors influencing bacterial growth—food, temperature, moisture (water activity), oxygen, pH,

inhibiting substances. Thermophiles and psychrophiles.

8.3. BIOCHEMISTRY (Animal Science)

Section 1 Fundamental principles governing structure of biomolecules. Structure, properties and functions of monosachharides.

Storage and structural polysachharides, glycoproteins, amino acids, globulin and fibrous proteins, immunoglobulins, lipids,

lipoproteins, biomembranes, prostaglandins, nucleotides and nucleic acids. Structure determination of proteins and nucleic

acids and protein evolution. Myoglobulin and haemoglobulin.

Section 2 Enzymes-general properties, kinetics, and mechanism of action. Regulation of enzyme activities. Enzyme inhibition.

Regulatory enzymes.

Section 3 Bioenergetics and metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. Role of ATP Biological oxidation. Respiratory chain and oxidative

phosphorylation. Carbohydrates of physiological significance. Lipids of physiological significance. Overview of intermediary

metabolism. Citric acid cycle, catabolism of acetyl CoA. Glyconeogenesis and control of blood sugar. Pentose phosphate

pathway and other pathways of hexose metabolism. Biosynthesis and oxidation of fatty acids. Ketogenesis. Metabolism of

unsaturated fatty acids. Metabolism of glycerides and sphingolipids. Lipid transport and storage. Cholesterol synthesis, transport

and excretion. Integration of metabolism and provision of tissue fuels.

Section 4 Metabolism of proteins and amino acids. Biosynthesis of nutritionally nonessential amino acids. Catabolism of proteins

and amino acid nitrogen. Catabolism of carbon skeletons of amino acids. Conversion of amino acids into specialized products.

Synthesis and breakdown of haemoglobin, porphyrins and bile pigments.

Section 5 Structure, function and replication of informational macromolecules. Nucleotides. Metabolism of purine and pyrimidine

nucleotides. Nucleic acid Structure and function. DNA organization and replication. RNA synthesis, processing and metabolism.

Protein synthesis and genetic code. Regulation of gene expression. Recombinant DNA technology.

Section 6 Biochemistry of extra-cellular and intra-cellular communication. Membrane structure, assembly and function. Hormone

action. Pituitary and hypothalamic hormones. Thyroid hormones. Hormones that regulate catabolism. Hormones of adrenal

cortex and medulla. Hormones of pancreas and gastro-intestinal tract. Prostaglandins. Pheromones.

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Section 7 Structure and functions of water-soluble vitamins. Structure and functions of lipid-soluble vitamins, their digestion and

absorption. Glycoproteins. Metabolism of xenobiotics, cancer, oncogenes and growth hormones. Liver function tests.

Section 8 Biochemical techniques of food, blood and urine analysis. Paper column and thin layer chromatography. Use of GLC

and HPLC. Electrophoresis of proteins and nucleic acids. Use of radio-isotopes in metabolic studies. Enzymatic methods for

estimation of metabolites. Isolation, purification and quantification of native DNA and RNA.

Section 9 Biochemistry of body fluids, water, electrolytes and acid-base balance, function and mechanism of action of major trade

elements.

Section 10 Classes of environmental pollutants, their sources and impact on animals. Effect of various pollutants on animal. Effect of

various pollutants on animal, plant and microbial metabolism. Biochemistry of detoxification. Biochemical bases of

pollutant tolerance. Biotechnology in pollution control.

8.4 BIOTECHNOLOGY (Animal Science)

Section 1: Cell Biology Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell architecture. Molecular organization cell membrane and transport across membranes.

Organization of the cytoplasm, cell organelles endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, mitochondria, lysosomes, nucleolus and

sub-nuclear structures. Cell division. Control of proliferation. Cell growth and differentiation in unicellular and

multicellular organisms.

Section 2: Molecular Biology Recombination in bacteria and fungi. Transformation, conjugation and transduction. Molecular mechanism of genetic

recombination. Molecular mechanism of spontaneous and induced mutations. Site-directed mutagenesis. Mechanisms

of suppression. Molecular mechanisms of DNA repair. Genetics of mitochondria. Plasmids. Structure, organization and

functioning of Is and Tn elements.

Section 3: Gene Structure and Expression Gene structure. Organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genome. Nucleases. DNA replication. DNA repair and

recombination. RNA biosynthesis. Genetic code, ribosomes, tRNA, and amino acid activation. Regulation of transcription.

Protein biosynthesis. Translational control mechanisms and post-translation modifications.

Section 4: Recombinant DNA Technology and Genetic Engineering Generation of DNA fragments. Chemical synthesis of DNA (oligonucleotide synthesis). DNA splicing. In vitro mutagenesis.

Cloning vectors. Use of animal viruses like vaccinia, capripox and herpes, retroviruses, adenoviruses as cloning

vectors. Transformation of bacterial and animal cells. Characterization of DNA clones. Recombinant DNA applications in

animal health and industry. Safety aspects of genetic engineering.

Section 5: Animal Tissue Culture Development of tissue culture techniques. Behaviour of cells in terms of growth, differentiation and metabolism. Media for

culturing cells and tissues, natural and defined media, and growth supplements. Culture of different tissues and organs, and its

applications. Somatic cell hybrids and their applications in monoclonal antibody production and gene mapping. Characterization

and maintenance of cell lines. Cryopreservation of cells. Nutritional needs of mammalian cells in tissue culture. Short-term

lymphocyte culture. Fibroblast culture. Image analyser and its applications. In situ hybridization in cells and micromanipulation.

Section 6: Techniques in Biotechnology Isolation and purification of DNA from prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Quantitation of nucleic acids. Restriction

endonuclease digestion of DNA and restriction regiment analysis of DNA by gel electrophoresis.

8.5 VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY

Section 1: General Bacteriology

Classification and nomenclature of bacteria. Structure, function and chemistry of bacterial nuclear apparatus. Cytoplasm. Intracellular granules. Cell wall. Cytoplasmic membrane. Spheroplasts. L-forms. Involution forms. Bacterial stains, staining and microscopy. Growth and nutritional requirements of bacteria. Bacterial enzymes. Respiration in bacteria. Carbohydrate, protein fat and nucleic acid metabolism in bacteria. Reproduction and growth phases of bacteria. Effect of chemical and physical agents and antibiotics. Bacterial variations including transduction, transformation and conjugation. Bacterial vaccines and toxins.

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Section 2: Systematic Bacteriology Systematic study of bacteria belonging to genera Borrelia, Leptospira, Campylobacter, Pseudomonas, Brucella,

Bordetella, Escherichia, Citrobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus. Vibrio, Haemophilus,

Pasteurella, Yersinia, Actinobacillus, Actinomycetes, Fusobacterium, Moraxella. Staphylococus, Streptococcus, Bacillus,

Clostridium, Listeria, Erysipelothrix, Corynebacterium. Nocardia, Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Acholeplasma,

Rhodococcus, Mycobacterium and Neisseria.

Section 3: General Virology Historical development of virology. Evolution, classification and nomenclature of viruses. Biophysical and biochemical

characteristics of viruses. Cultivation of viruses and their growth pattern in cell culture, embryonated eggs and experimental

animals. Purification and concentration of viruses. Qualitative and quantitative assay of viruses. Viral replications. Virus-host

cell relationships. Latent, persistent and chronic viral infections. General principles of laboratory diagnosis of viral diseases.

Epidemiology ·and methods of spread of viral infection. Oncogenic role of viruses. pathogenesis and pathology of viral infections.

Immune mechanism in viral diseases. interference and interferon. Viral vaccines. Chemotherapy of viral infections.

Section 4: Systematic Virology Systematic study of RNA and DNA viruses in livestock and poultry. RNA viruses: Reviruses. Arboviruses. Rotaviruses,

Birnaviruses, Coronaviruses, Togaviruses, Paramyxoviruses, Orthomyxoviruses, Rhabdoviruses, Retroviruses,

Picornaviruses, Bunyaviruses, Arenaviruses, Arterioviruses, Calciviruses, Filoviruses, DNA viruses: Poxviruses,

Herpesviruses, Iridoviruses, Adenoviruses, Papovaviruses, Parvoviruses, Hepadnaviruses, Circoviruses, Unclassified viruses,

Slow viruses Scrapie, Maedi.

Section 5: Mycology General characteristics of fungi. Classification and study of pathogenic fungi-Epidermophyton, Microsporum, Trichophyton,

Cryptococcus, Aspergillus. Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Histoplasma, Candida, Rhinosporidium, Contaminating fungi,

Rhizopus, Mucor and Penicillium.

Section 6: Immunology Historical perspective’s. Host-parasite relationships. Antigens. Types of antigens. Properties and specificity of antigens.

Factors determining antigenicity. Haptens and carriers. Heterophile antigens. Adjuvants. Mechanisms of action, classification,

and their uses. Immunoglobulins-their classes and sub classes, structure and function. Allotypes. Idiotypes. Synthesis. Genes

coding for Igs. Generation of diversity. Monoclonal antibodies. Purification of antibodies. Theories of antibody formation. Lymphoid

organs: primary, secondary and circulation of lymphocytes. Cells involved in the immune response-B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes,

subsets and nature of receptor. Macrophages. Dendritic reticular cells. Langerhans cells. Cellular interactions. Cell mediated

immune response. Mechanism of interaction of antigen and antibody. The complement system. classical and alternate pathways.

Serological reactions: agglutination, precipitaion. CFTT, FAT, ELISA, CIEE, RIA etc. Major: Histocompatibility

complex: organization, nature of antigens and MHC restriction. Hypersensitivity-immediate and delayed types, and

mechanism of hypersensitivity. Mechanism of immunity, auto-immunity and immunological tolerance.

Section 7: Molecular Cell Biology Probes—preparation of cDNA. Use of DNA probe in animal diseases diagnosis. Monoclonal antibodies. Application of

monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis of animal diseases. Preparation of monoclonal antibodies. Nucleic acid hybridization.

Recombinant DNA vaccines and their uses in animal diseases.

8.6 VETERINARY PATHOLOGY

Section 1: Introduction, History and Etiology

Introduction, history and scope of pathology and its relation with other disciplines. Definitions. Etiology of diseases and

concept of multiple-factor etiology. Predisposing factors of disease. Intrinsic factors of species age, sex, colour, heredity. Extrinsic

or environmental factors in relation to disease. Physical agents. Mechanical injuries. Heat, cold and decreased atmospheric

pressure. Injuries due to light. Photosensitization. lnjuries due to electricity. Chemical agents as causes of disease. Poisoning

caused by exogenic and endogenous poisons.

Section 2: Hemodynamic Derangements, Degenerations and Necrosis Disturbances of circulation/hemodynamic derangements-hyperemia, ischemia, haemorrhage, sludges blood, thrombosis,

embolism, infraction, edema and shock. Disturbances of cell metabolism- cell swelling, mucinous and mucoid degeneration,

amyloid infiltration, hyaline degeneration, glycogen, infiltration, fatty changes, gout, calcification, ossification disturbances of

pigment metabolism, Icterus, necrosis and gangrene.

Section 3: Inflammation, Healing and Fever Inflammation: Introduction, definition, etiology and cardinal signs, chemical mediators, circulatory and cellular changes,

exudate, phagocytosis and body defences. Classification of inflammation: serous, mucous, fibrinous, haemorrhagic, purulent,

lymphocytic, granulomatous and allergic. Peracute, acute, sub-acute and chronic inflammations. Healing and fever.

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Section 4: Immunopathology Immunopathology. Hypersensitivity reactions - anaphylaxis, cytotoxic antibody reaction, and immune-complex. Arthus

type reaction. Delayed hypersensitivity. Hypersensitivity to chemicals. Auto-immune type hypersensitivity

reactions. Immunodeficiencies, surveillance and elimination of foreign and abnormal cells.

Section 5: Oncology and Malformations Disturbances and cellular adaptations of growth—aplasia, hypoplasia, atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia,

dysplasia, anomalies and monsters. Neoplasm-growth. Etiology, classification, morphology and behaviour of neoplasms. Various

benign and malignant neoplastic conditions in domestic animals, their pathological features and diagnosis.

Section 6: Postmortem and Histopathologic Techniques Principles and techniques of necropsy of morbid materials. Techniques of preservation. Despatch and section cutting.

Staining and identification of sections prepared from pathological lesions.

Section 7: Clinical Pathology Haematology, blood chemistry, urine and faecal examination in important diseases of livestock and poultry.

Section 8: Systemic Pathology Pathology of cardiovascular, haemopoietic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, genital, nervous and musculoskeletal systems,

endocrine glands, eye, ear, skin, hoof and nails.

Section 9: Infectious Pathology Pathology of bacterial diseases, mycotic infections, viral disease, PPLO and rickettsial infections and parasitic diseases.

Section 10: Avian Pathology General introduction. Avian inflammation. Pathology of nutritional diseases, Respiratory diseases—Newcastle disease,

infectious bronchitis, infectious laryngio tracheitis, influenza, fowl pox, coryza, avian encephalomyelitis, viral arthritis, infectious

bursal disease, and egg drop syndrome. Neoplastic diseases—Marek’s disease and Avian leucosis complex. Salmonellosis.

Pullorum disease. Typhoid and paratyphoid. Pasteurellosis. Fowl cholera. Avian pseudotuberculosis. Avian mycoplasmosis.

Chlamydiosis. Colibacillosis. Spirochetosis. Fungal infections. Aspergillosis. Parasitic infections-nematode, cestode and

protozoan parasites. Vices and miscellaneous diseases.

Section 11: Nutritional and Production Pathology Pathology of nutritional diseases, protein, carbohydrate, mineral and vitamin deficiencies. Pathology of production

diseases—milk fever, magnesium tetany, ketosis etc.

Section 12: Toxic Pathology Pathology of toxicity of heavy metals, mycotoxins, pesticides, toxic plants and drugs.

09. VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-III

(9.1 Veterinary Medicine, 9.2 Veterinary Extension Education, 9.3 Veterinary Pharmacology, 9.4 Animal Reproduction and Gynaecology, 9.5 Veterinary Surgery, 9.6 Veterinary Anatomy)

9.1 VETERINARY MEDICINE Section 1: Diagnostic Approaches to Animal Diseases

Anamnesis. Clinical examination of patients. Special examination procedures-laryngoscopy, endoscopy, exploratory

puncture, biopsy techniques, mental detection, electrocardiography, echocardiography, catheterization, phonocardiography,

electroencephalography, opthalmoscopy and radiological examination. Radioimmunoassay. Scanning. Ultrasonography.

Laboratory examination of blood, urine, faeces, milk, CSF, sputum and skin scrapings. Allergic and serological tests including

ELISA. Blood chemistry. Examination of specimens for causative organisms. Drug sensitivity tests.

Section 2: General Medicine Definitions of infectious, contagious, sporadic, epizootic, enzootic, panzootic, exotic, zoonosis, epidemiology,

segregation, isolation and quarantine. General systemic states-septicaemia, bacteraemia, pyaemia, toxaemia. Errors of heat

regulation, allergy, anaphylaxis and hydration. Disease transmission. Immunity and immune mechanism. General principles

of control of infectious diseases. Disposal of carcasses. Disinfection and fumigation. Recombinant DNA strategy. Antimicrobial

therapy.

Section 3: Gastroenterology Indigestion. Bloat. Colic. Traumatic reticulo-peritonitis. Abomasal displacement. Hepatitis. Ascites. Jaundice.

Pancreatitis. Gastritis. Enteritis.

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Section 4: Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Disorders Heart failure. Circulatory failure. Arrhythmias. Myocardial astheria. Valvular diseses, Pericarditis. Shock. Oedema.

Anaemias. Epistaxis. Pulmonary congestion and oedema. Pulmonary emphysema. Pneumonia. Pleurisy. Laryngitis

and bronchitis.

Section 5: Urogenital Disorders Nephritis. Cystitis. Urolithiasis. Uraemia. Metritis.

Section 6: Musculo-skeletal and Nervous Disorders Myopathies. Myositis. Osteodystrophy. Arthritis. Osteo-myelitis. Meningitis. Encephalitis. Encephalomalacia.

Hydrocephalus. Brain abscess. Tumours and cysts. Neuritis and paralysis.

Section 7: Dermatology Dermatitis. Photosensitization. Eczema. Urticaria, Impetigo. Acne. Alopecia.

Section 8: Metabolic and Nutritional Disorders Metabolic acidosis and alkalosis. Milk fever. Downer’s cow syndrome. Ketosis. Hypomagnesemia. Tetany. Post-partuient

haemoglobinurea, Azoturia. Fat cow syndrome. Rickets and osteomalacia. Deficiencies due to trace minerals and vitamins.

Section 9: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches to Common Toxic Conditions of Livestock Lead, arsenic, fluorine, mercury, HCN, nitrate and nitrite, chlorinated hydrocarbon, organophorous compounds and urea

poisoning. Diseases caused by physical agents and environmental pollutants. Combating radiation hazards.

Section 10: Infectious Diseases of Livestock and Poultry Bacterial Diseases: Actinormycosis. Actinobacillosis. Necrobacillosis. Brucellosis. Anthrax. Clostridial infections. Coliform

diseases. Pleuropneumonia group of disease. glanders. TB, JD, Mastitis. Swine erysipelas. Leptospirosis. Listeriosis. Infectious

coryza. Chronic respiratory diseases. Spirochaetosis. Viral and Rickettsial Diseases: Rinderpest. PPR. Foot-and-Mouth

diseases. Blue tongue. Malignant catarrhal fever. Bovine virus diarrhoea. Mucosal disease complex. Ephemeral fever. equine

influenza. African horse sickness. Equine infections. Anaemia. Equine viral arteritis. Rabies ailments. Infectious canine

hepatitis. Parvo virus infection. Scrapie. Louping ill. Contagious ecthyma. pox. Ranikhet disease. Fowl plague. Marek’s

disease. IBD, IB, IIT. Swine fever. TGE. Viral encephalitis. Anaplasmosis. Contagious ophthalmia. Heat water disease. Tick

born fever. Parasitic Diseases: Mange. Warblem. Myiasis. Pediculosis. Ascariasis. Facioliasis. Schistosomiasis.

Palamphistomiasis. Taeniasis in birds and mammals. Gid. Hydatidosis, parasitic gastro-enteritis. Parasitic pneumonia. filariasis.

Hesbronemiasis. Kumari (cerebrospinal nematodiasis). Amoebiasis. Coccidiosis. Sarcospridiosis. Piroplasmosis.

theileriasis. Toxoplasmosis. Leishmaniasis. trypanosomiasis. Mycotic Disease Ringworm. Candidiasis. Aspergillosis.

Histoplasmosis. Blastomycosis. Rhinosporidiosis Coccidiomycosis. Aflatoxicosis. Veterinary Paediatrics. Neonatal and

prenatal diseases.

Section 11: Jurisprudence and Ethics Common law. Duties of veterinarian. Service conditions and professional conduct. Examination of vetero-legal cases.

Collection and despatch of material of chemical analysis. Common offences against animals. Prevention of cruelty to animals.

Legal enactments in IPC related to animals. lndian Veterinary Council Act. Common frauds in sale of livestock and livestock

products. Cow Slaughter Act.

Section 12: Special Therapeutic Techniques in Veterinary Practice Physiotherapy. Fluid and electrolyte therapy. Blood transfusion techniques. Rumen fluid transplantation.

9.2 VETERINARY EXTENSION EDUCATION

Section 1: Fundamentals of Extension Education Extension Education in India and abroad as a discipline. Concept, definition, philosophy, principles and scope of extension

education in livestock development. History of Veterinary Extension programme developed and implemented by HAU, IVRI,

NDRI and other institutions and organisations. Importance of study of Veterinary extension by veterianarians, animal husbandry

and dairying students. Specific aims, objectives and philosophy of veterinary extension. Agricultural extension Vs. Veterinary

Extension. Role of veterinarians as a social scientist. Role of extension education in development and socioeconomic upliftment

of vulnerable sections of the society. Special animal husbandry promotion programmes i.e. Operational Flood in its historical

perspective, -ICDP, key village scheme, Gaushala scheme and T&V system and TOT projects of ICAR. Approaches and models

of extension education. Extension systems in State Agricultural Universities, State Departments with special reference to

animal husbandry and veterinary services. Development of efficient linkages between research and extension, challenges and

problems in promotion of Veterinary extension in rural areas.

Section 2: Communication, Diffusion and Adoption of Innovations Definition, concept, nature and scope of communication for animal husbandry and dairy development. Models of

communication with special and efficient feedback. Types of communication media and their utilization for specific jobs related

to veterinary extension activities. Utilization of internet for promoting advanced veterinary and animal husbandry practices,

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communication with rural, semi-urban and urban livestock owners. Acquiring communication skills for development of local

leaders and key communicators for livestock development. Rapport building with clientele. History taking and follow-up

appraisal on prognosis and treatment on scientific lines. Problems and barriers in communication.

Diffusion process, adoption process, models of diffusion and adoption, adopter categories and their characteristics.

Factors influencing adoption, attributes of innovation. Diffusion of Veterinary innovations. Important researches in veterinary

extension.

Section 3: Research Methodology Scope and nature of social research, research process, hypothesis, forms and importance, formulation of null hypothesis

and its testing. Drawing of scientific inferences. Nature and types of variables. Sampling versus complete

enumeration, Sampling from a finite and infinite population, estimation of samples size, simple random, stratified

random, systematic, purposive, two stage, multi stage and cluster sampling. Sampling with probability proportional to

size, sources of errors. Methods of data collection. Steps involved in the conducting of survey. Techniques for preparation of

schedule, questionnaire, observations, and case studies. Surveys in the field of animal husbandry and dairying, socio-

economic surveys and review of studies conducted in social research. Social research designs ex post facto and

experimental, reliability and validity.

Section 4: Social Statistics Types of hypothesis, Mean, Mode and Median Normal distribution. Chi-square test, correlation, simple, partial and multi-

regression, ANOVA, Path analysis, and sampling techniques.

Section 5: Veterinary Extension Management Definition of Management, theories of Management, Models of management, need hierarchy, work motivation,

organizational communication, Decision making. Nature-and types of leadership; conflicts in organizations. Individual and group

behaviour. Organizational climate and organizational renewal, Organizational development, Personnel management in animal

husbandry organizations.

Section 6: Rural Sociology Definition, concept, scope and its relation with other social sciences including Veterinary extension. Concept of social

systems and their major elemental and master social processes. Rural social systems as differentiated from urban social

systems. Social structure: groups, primary, secondary and references groups. Social stratification, basic rural social institutions-

family kinship, marriage, rural educational institution, panchayat, co-operatives etc. Socialization and social control. Social

change Vs animal development. Factors affecting social changes in rural areas—indicators and types of social change.

Section 7: Programme Planning for Livestock Development Steps in programme planning for livestock development, organizing campaigns, mass vaccination programmes and variety

of extension activities, evaluation of veterinary extension programmes, compilation and report writing, impact studies on animal

husbandry development programmes and schemes.

Concept of training and education and their interrelationship. Historical background and present status of

training programmes in various institutions and organizations in India. Scope and importance of training.

Section 8: Extension Methods and A.V. Aids Understanding teaching-learning process. Cone of experience. Extension teaching methods: Individual, group and mass

approach. Selection, planning and use of different extension teaching methods like demonstration, exhibition, farmers’ fairs,

field days, tours etc., Preparation and presentation of different projected and non-projected audio-visual aids. Planning, production

and use of audio/video cassettes. Preparation of radio/ video script. Selection of effective extension teaching methods individually

and in combination. Handling and operation of different audio-visual aids and equipments. Principles of photography and its use

in extension.

9.3 VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY

Section 1: General Pharmacology Development and scope of pharmacology. Sources and nature of drugs. Pharmacopoeia and drug compendia.

Pharmacokinetics and its application for rational dosage regimen. Factors modifying drug action. Drug-receptor interaction.

Types and sites of drug action. Pharmacometrics: organization and screening programme and drug development,

multi- dimensional screening methods, bioassays, determination of LD50, ED50 and dose-response relationships.

Section 2: Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System Sedatives. Hypnotics. General anaesthetics. Anticonvulsants. Tranquillizers. Analgesics and antipyretics. Drugs affecting

behaviour. CNS stimulants. Muscle relaxants. Local anaesthetics.

Section 3: Drugs Acting on Humoral and Autonomic Nervous Systems General considerations of autonomic nervous system. Neuro-humoral transmission. Adrenergic and antiadrenergic drugs

including adrenergic neuron blockers. Cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs. Dopaminergic and antidopaminergic agents.

Ganglion stimulants and ganglion blockers.

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Section 4: Drugs Acting on Cardio-vascular and Respiratory Systems Drugs acting on heart and blood vessels. Antihypertensive agents. Blood coagulants and anticoagulants. Haematinics.

Haemorrhagic shock and its treatment. Expectorants. Cough sedatives. Bronchodilators. Analeptics.

Section 5: Drugs Acting on Digestive System Stomachics. Antacids. Carminatives. Antizymotics. Emetics and antiemetics. Cathartics. Antidiarrhoeal agents.

Antispasmodics. Pharmacology of rumen and rumenotoric drugs. Drugs acting on hepatobiliary system.

Section 6: Drugs Affecting Uro-genital System Drugs altering fluid balance. Diuretics and antidiuretics. General principles of electrolyte and fluid therapy. Drugs acting

on uterus (oxytocics and tocolytics). Drugs used for improving fertility and conception. Drugs used in synchronization

of estrus.

Section 7: Autacoids Histamine and antihistamines. Serotonin and antiserotonins. Peptides. Prostaglandins and leukotreins. Mediators of

inflammation and anti-inflammatory drugs.

Section 8: Antiseptics and Disinfectants Sulphonamides (gut acting and systemic), trimethoprim and nitrofurans. Antibiotics (natural and semisynthetic) including

aminoglycoside, macrolide and surface-acting antibiotics. Antifungal antibiotics and other emerging antibiotics. Antitubercular,

antiviral and antineoplastic drugs. Antiprotozoan and anthelmintic drugs.

Section 9: Toxicology Principles of selective toxicity. Toxicodynamics. Metabolism of poisons. Principles of diagnosis and therapy (antidotal

and non-antidotal) teratogenicity. Toxicology of important inorganic compounds and their treatment. Toxicology of agrochemicals

(insecticides, fungicides, weedicides and rodenticides). Toxicology of poisonous plants-cyanogenic plants, and plants producing

nitrates, nitrites and oxalate toxicity. Plants producing photosensitization. Mycotoxins and other important toxic plants. Toxicology

of industrial contaminants/pollutants, and radioactive substances.

Section 10: Miscellaneous Topics Hormones including pituitary hormones, thyroid and antithyroid drugs, insulin and antidiabetic agents, adrenocorticoids,

and sex hormones. Drugs affecting calcification - parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, vitamin D and other compounds. Production

pharmacology. Feed additives. lonophore compounds. Agents used in restraining of wild animals and doping. Drug control and

regulation.

9.4 ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND GYNAECOLOGY

Section 1: Development and Functional Anatomy of Reproductive organs Pre-natal and post-natal development of reproductive organs. Functional anatomy and histology of reproductive organs,

endocrine control of reproduction-origin, structure, functions and mechanism of action of hypophyseal, gonadal and placental

hormones, hypothalamus and hypothalamic hormones. Prostaglandins and synthetic hormones. Role of thyroid, adrenal and

pineal glands in reproduction. Neuro-endocrine control of oestrus and oestrus cycle. Endocrine control of puberty. Oestrous

cycle. Pregnancy and parturition. Methods of hormone assay. Pheromones. Gross and histological features of hypothalamus,

hypophysis, adrenal thyroid and pineal glands.

Section 2: Reproductive Cycle Puberty and sexual maturity. Oestrous and oestrous cycle. Oogenesis, folliculo-genesis and ovulation. Genetic transport

in female genital tract. Fertilization, cleavage and implantation. Transuterine migration of ova. Maternal recognition of pregnancy.

Methods of pregnancy diagnosis. Gestation and parturition, Adaptation, care and management of newly born young one.

Reproductive behaviour and courtship.

Section 3: Infertility and Sterility in Female Animals Congenital and hereditary defects affecting fertility. Ovarian hypoplasia. Free martinism. White heifer’s disease.

intersexuality. Cystic ovaries Nymphomania. Silent oestrus. Anoestrus ovarian tumours. Early embryonic death. Infectious

and pathological causes of infertility. Nutritional infertility. Repeat breeder. Reproductive health management of herds.

Clinical assessment. Differential diagnosis. Treatment and prevention of common reproductive disorders affecting individual

animal and herds. Use of modern diagnostic aids such as laparoscopy, ultrasound, hormone assay and tubal patency test.

Section 4: Techniques for Improving Efficiency Oestrus detection aid, Enhancement of puberty. Induction and synchronization of oestrus, ovulation. Early post-partum breeding. Clinical application of hormones. Rationale of hormonal therapy in endocrine disorder. Intra-uterine therapy. Superovulation and embryo transfer. Amniocentesis. Sex determination, in vitro fertilization. Cryopreservation and micro manipulation of embryos.

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Section 5: Obstetrics Obstetrical anatomy of pelvis. Pelvimetry. Signs and stages of parturition. Uterine involution. Diseases and care of the

new born. Care of the dam after parturition. Induction of parturition. Superfetation, super-fecundation, pseudopregnancy teratology,

monstrosities, hydrops of foetal membranes, foetal maceration, mummification, hydrometra pyometra, ante-partum, prolapse

of vagina, uterine hernia, parapragia ante-partum, prolapse of vagina, uterine hernia, paraplagia ante-partum, abortion, and

pregnancy toxaemia. MMA syndrome. Termination of pathological gestation. Dystocia. Types and causes of dystocia. Approach

and procedure for handling old dystocia. Fetotomy and caesarian section. Obstetrical equipments. Anaesthesia and analgesia.

Obstetrical operations for relieving dystoica. Uterine inertia. Torsio-uteri. Insufficient dilation of cervix. Rupture of uterus.

Pureperal diseases and genital injuries, lacerations and contusions of birth canal. Post-partum aversion of uterus, vagina

and bladder. Post-partum haemorrhage. Retention of foetal membranes. Post-partum infections of genital tract. Puerperal

metritis. Downer ’s cow syndrome.

Section 6: Reproductive Pattern in Males Comparative structure, functional anatomy and histology of male reproductive organs in different species. Regulatory

mechanism. Sexual maturity, puberty and libido. Secondary sex characteristics. Spermatogenesis. Seminiferous epithelial cycle.

Endocrine control of testicular function. Sperm transport, maturation and storage. Functions of epididymis and accessory sex

glands. Semenology: Light and electron microscopic structure of sperm. Physical and biochemical characteristics of semen in

different species. Metabolism of spermatozoa. Fate of unejaculated spermatozoa. Dimorphism of sperm. Sperm capacitation.

Passage of sperm through excurrent ducts. Function of epididymis. Semen and its components. Metabolism of semen. Sexual

behaviour. Endocrine and neural mechanism of sexual behaviour. Contribution of gonads and accessory sex glands to semen

ejaculate. Survival of sperm in vivo, in vitro, and in the female reproductive tract. Fertilizable life of sperm.

Section 7: Artificial Insemination Advantages and limitations. Sterilization of artificial insemination equipments. Methods of collection of semen. Evaluation

of semen. Principles of sperm preservation. Extension of unfrozen semen and use of extenders. Principles and techniques of

freezing of spermatozoa. Storage and transportation of semen. Insemination techniques. Dose, time and site of insemination.

Conception rates.

Measures of reproductive efficiency. Management and training of males for use in artificial insemination.

Section 8: Infertility and Sterility in Males Methods to evaluate reproductive soundness of males-testicular hypoplasia, testicular degeneration, pathology of

testis and accessory sex glands and its effect on semen and fertility. Testicular neoplasms. Factors affecting

fertilizing capacity of sperms. Infections of male reproductive organs. Bacteriological aspects of semen quality and diseases

transmissible through semens. Nutritional and other managemental factors causing infertility. Vices in male animals. Sexual

health diagnosis and control. Treatment and prevention of different types of infertility.

9.5 VETERINARY SURGERY

Section 1: General Surgery History, definitions and classification of surgery. Current concepts of inflammation, asepsis and antisepsis in surgery.

Disinfection and sterilization. Surgical bacteriology Pre-, peri- and post-operative considerations. Physiopathology of trauma,

surgical stress and shock. Acid-base and electrolytes imbalance. Rehydration fluid therapy. Tissue repair including biochemical

aspects. Principles of tissue and organ transplantation. Sutures and suture materials. Operation theatre management. General

surgical affections—abscess, cyst, haematoma, tumour, gangrene, sinus and fistula, burns and hernia. Surgical instrumentations.

Section 2: Anaesthesia History and instrumentation. Pre-anaesthetic considerations of patient. Selection of various anaesthetic and pre-anaesthetic

agents and their effect on different body organs. Inhalant and non-inhalant anaesthetic agents and their administration in small

and large animals. Monitoring of patient during anaesthesia. Anaesthetic emergencies and their management. Local

anaesthetic agents. Local and regional anaesthetic procedures. Anaesthesia for special surgical procedures and special

diseased conditions. Electronarcosis. Hypothermia. Anaesthesia for zoo animals.

Section 3: Radiology Diagnostic X-ray machine and accessories. Radiographic positioning, exposure, and formulation of technique chart.

X-ray hazards, biological effect and protection. X-ray film and its care. Dark room techniques. Radiographic artifacts and their

prevention. Radiographic quality and factors affecting it. Radiographic features of various disease conditions. Radiographic

interpretation. Commonly used special diagnostic, radiographic procedures. Principles of radiotherapy and physiotherapy. Imaging

techniques.

Section 4: Orthopaedics and Lameness Anatomy, physiology and circulation of long bones. Fractures. Fracture healing and factors affecting it. Complications and

their management. Methods of internal and external fixations of fracture. Different bone diseases, their symptoms, diagnosis

and treatment. Bone graft and implants. Affections of joint, their diagnosis and treatment. Surgical affections of vertebral columns.

Relationship between conformation of the limbs, toot and its axis. Lameness and allied surgical conditions of fore and hind

limbs. Various foot diseases.

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Section 5: Surgery of Head and Neck Region Surgical affections and management of sinuses, nasal and buccal cavity, tongue, salivary gland, larynx, teeth pharynx,

trachea, oesophagus and eye.

Section 6: Thoracic Surgery Various approaches for thoracic surgery in large and small animals. Different congenital and acquired surgical affections

of thoracic wall and thoracic organs viz. lung, mediastinum, oesophagus, heart and diaphragm in large and small animals.

Various diseases of the vascular system.

Section 7: Abdominal Surgery Different surgical approaches for abdomen. Various acquired and congenital surgical affections of abdominal organs viz.

traumatic reticulitis, abdomasal displacement, impaction of omasum, pylorostenosis, gastric torsion, cecal dilation, intestinal

obstruction, rectal and anal prolapse, and peritonitis. Affections of liver, spleen, kidney, urinary bladder, urolithiasis and their

complications and surgical management. Surgery of male and female genital organs.

Section 8: Integumentary System Afflictions of horn, ear, skin, udder and teat, and tail and their surgical management. Cosmetic surgery.

9.6. VETERINARY ANATOMY

Section 1

Gross anatomy. Ox is taken as a “Type” animal and structures of other domestic animals are to be compared. Bones of fore and hind limbs, axial system viz. skull, vertebrae, ribs and sternum in domestic animals. Joints, their classification and important joints in ox. Myology in general, muscles of appendicular and axial system in ox. Heart, systemic and pulmonary circulation, aorta, and its important branches in thoracic and abdominal regions. Blood supply of fore and hind limbs. Veinous drainage of fore and hind limbs, head, neck, thorax and abdomen, and portal circulation in ox. Superficial lymph-glands of ox in relation to antemortem and postmortem examination. Thymus and spleen in general-Cisterna chyll and major lymphatic ducts of head, neck, thorax and abdomen. Organs of digestive respiratory, urogenital (in male and female) and nervous systems. Topographic location of organs in domestic animals in relation to heir surgical sites and clinical examination. Endocrine glands—pituitary, adrenal, thyroid and parathyroid glands of ox. Organ of sense—eye, internal ear and iteguments.

Section 2 Study of various bones and organs of digestive, respiratory and urogenital system in fowl.

Section 3 Macro-anatomy-definition of histology and preparation of histological slides. Microscope and microscopy. Light ultrastructural

picture of animal cell. Basic tissues of the body-epithelium, connective tissue, muscular and nervous tissues in general. Micro-

anatomy of important organs of digestive system viz. tongue, tooth, oesophagus, stomach, intestine, liver and

pancreas. Respiratory organs, viz. trachea and lungs. Urinary organs—kidney ureter, urinary bladder and urethrae. Genital

organs of male—testis, epididymis, ducats defrens. Accessory sex glands in male—prostate, seminal vesicles and bulbo-

urethral gland, and penis. Genital system in female-ovary, oviduct, uterus, vagina, vulva and mammary glands. Sensory

organs.

10. DAIRY SCIENCE/DAIRY TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SCIENCE

(10.1 Dairy Chemistry, 10.2 Food Science and Technology, 10.3 Dairy Microbiology, 10.4 Dairy Processing, 10.5 Dairy Engineering)

10.1 DAIRY CHEMISTRY

Section 1 Composition of milk. Specific compositional differences among milk from various species. Variations in milk composition

due to breed, feed season, stage of lactation and mastitis. Effect of variation in composition on market milk industry. Colostrum

and abnormal milks. Physical properties of milk: acid base equilibria, oxidation-reduction potential, density, viscosity, surface

and interfacial tension, freezing point, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, refractive index, and buffer capacity. Water

activity, adsorption of water on various milk constituents and milk products and its effect on shelf life. Emulsions, foams and

gels-tehri formation, stability and importance in dairy processing.

Section 2 Lactose-structure, isomers, physical, chemical and biochemical properties. Browning mechanisms. Estimation and

biosynthesis. Lactose intolerance. Significance of carbohydrates in milk and milk products. Physical equilibria among milk salts.

Effect of various treatments on salt equilibria. Salt balance and its importance in processing of milk. Distribution and importance

of trace elements of milk. Water-soluble vitamins-molecular structure, level in milk and milk products, biological significance,

and factors affecting their levels. Ascorbic acid in relation to Eh.

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Section 3 Levels, distribution, isolation and genetic polymorphic of different milk proteins. Casein micelle-structure, size distribution

and stability. Casein models. Amino acid composition and physico-chemical properties of different fractions of caseins. Primary

structure, physico-chemical properties and conformation of -lactalbumin and -lactoglobulin. When protein concentrates and

their functional properties. Proteose-peptone, NPN, immunoglobulins, lactoferrins, lipoproteins and fat-globule membrane

proteins and their importance. Chemistry of milk enzymes and their significance with reference to milk processing and milk

products. Immunological, nutritional and biological importance of milk proteins.

Section 4 Milk lipids-classification, gross composition, structure and general physical and chemical properties. Auto-oxidation-

definition, theories, factors affecting, prevention and measurement. Anti-oxidants-mechanism of reaction and estimation. Fatty

acids-profile, properties and factors affecting. Unsaponifiable matter. Cholesterol-structure, forms, importance and level in

milk. Chemistry of phospholipids and their role in milk and milk products Fat-soluble vitamins-chemistry, physiological functions,

levels in milk, cream, butter and ghee. Biosynthesis of milk fat.

Section 5 Antibiotics, detergents, sanitizers, pesticides, insecticides, heavy metals, radionuclides, and aflatoxins in milk and their

estimation. Genesis of flavour, aroma and texture in milk and milk products. Pigments, carbonyls, hydrocarbons and gases in

milk. Sensory evaluation of milk and milk products.

Section 6 Cream: Size distribution of fat-globules, creaming phenomenon, composition and properties of cream and dry cream.

Chemistry of neutralization and ripening. Butter: Mechanism of creaming during butter preparation. Desi and creamery butter.

Composition, properties, microstructure, grading, standards and defects. Ghee: Differences in composition and variations in

ghee and butter oil. Analytical constants and factors affecting them. Differences in cow and buffalo ghee. Hydrolytic

and oxidative deterioration of ghee, their causes and prevention. Adulteration and methods of detection. Ghee

grading. Antioxidants: natural and synthetics.

Section 7 Heat stability of milk as affected by various milk constituents and additives. Physical and chemical changes

during preparation of concentrated milk and subsequent storage. Compositional differences between condensed and

evaporated milk. Dried Milk: Structure, physico-chemical properties and stability of milk powder. Physical properties of

instant powder. Infant food. Spoilage of milk powder and its control. Khoa: Composition and changes during manufacture.

Section 8 Cheese: Composition and varietal differences. Chemistry of rennin action. Influence of acidity, renneting and heat on the

process of cheese manufacture. Changes during manufacture and ripening. Role and mechanism of action of stabilizers and

emulsifiers, rheological properties and defects of cheese. Milk clotting enzymes of different sources-microbial, animal and

plant. Theories and metabolic pathways of fermentation. Dahi, Yoghurt and Acidophillus Milk: Composition and

specific differences, chemical changes during fermentation, flavour development. Composition of lassi and buttermilk.

Nutritional and therapeutic significance of fermented milk products. Paneer and Chhana: composition and changes

during manufacture. Differences in chhana and paneer from cow and buffalo milks.

Section 9 Ice-cream and Frozen Products: Composition and physical structure, changes during ageing, freezing and hardening.

Role and mechanism of stabilizers and emulsifiers. Kulfi composition and differences with ice-cream. PFA, BIS and AGMARK

standards of milk and milk-products. Filled milk products.

Section 10 Principles and applications of dairy chemistry techniques: potentiometry, visible, IR and UV spectrophotometry, flame

photometry, TLC, GLC, ion-exchange, gel permeation and affinity chromatography. electrophoresis. Radio-tracer techniques.

Probability and probability distributions including multinominal distribution. Tests of significance. Correlation and regression

analysis. Analysis of variance. Basic designs for dairy chemistry experiments.

10.2 FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Section 1: Introductory Food Technology

Introduction to food technology. Food attributes—colour, texture flavour, nutritive value and consumer preferences.

Principles and methods of food and vegetable preservation. Composition and related quality factors for processing. Methods

of food preservation—heat processing, pasteurization, canning, dehydration, freezing, fermentation, irradiation and chemical

additives. Refrigerated and modified atmosphere storage.

Section 2: Fruit and Vegetable Technology Grading and selection of fruits and vegetables for processing. Thermal process time evaluation for canned products.

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Spoilage of canned products. Dehydration and problems of browning in storage of dried products. Utilization of fruit

and vegetable juices for the manufacture of beverages such as squashes, cordials, nectars, aerated and fermented fruits

juice, Chemistry and manufacture of protein, role in jell formation and products like jellies and marmalades.

Technology of preserved, canned fruits, pickles, chutneys and sauces. Nature and control of spoilage in pickles. By

products of fruit and vegetable industry.

Section 3: Cereal Technology Structure of different grains—wheat, rice barley, oat, maize and millet. Milling of grains, flour and its use in

bakery products-bread, biscuits, cakes, doughnut and buns. Milling and parboiling of rice. Rice bran oil. Pearling and

malting of barley. Milling and preparation of oat flakes, porridge and oat meals. Wet and dry milling of corn. Preparation of

corn starch, syrups, germ oil and corn flakes. Sanitation in cereal processing factory. Preparation of flour for use as food and in

confectionery products. Market and consumer preference for quality. Sampling and specification of finished products and

raw material. Quality control. Food regulatories, grades and standards.

Section 4 Elements of preservation and processing of foods of animal origin, Handling and maintenance of dairy plant equipment.

Dairy plant operations-receiving, separation, clarification, pasteurization, standardization, homogenization, sterilization, storage, transport and distribution of milk. Problems of milk supply in India. Liquid milk processing, filled milk and fermented milk. Milk products processing—cream, butter, ghee, cheese, condensed milk, evaporated milk,

whole and skim-milk powder, ice cream, butter oil, khoya, channa, paneer and similar products. Judging and grading of milk products. Cheese spreads by spray and roller drying techniques. Instantiations. Selection and use of dairy cleaner and sanitizer. In-plant cleaning system. Scope and functioning of milk supply scheme and various national

and international organizations. Specifications and standards in milk processing industry. Dairy plant sanitation and waste disposal.

Section 5: Meat and Meat Products Scope of meat and meat product industry in India. Chemistry and microscopic structure of meat tissue. Antemortem

inspection. Slaughter and dressing of various animals and poultry birds. Postmortem examination. Rigor mortis. Retail and wholesales cuts. Factors affecting meat quality. Curing and smoking of meat. Sausage making. Microbiological factors

influencing keeping quality of meat. Utilization of by products. Zoovosic diseases. Processing and preservation of fish and

its products.

Section 6: Egg and Egg Products Structure and composition of an egg. Factors effecting quality. Quality measurement. Preservation of egg-oil coating,

refrigeration, thermostabilization and antibiotics. Packing, storage and transportation of eggs. Technology of egg products—

egg powder, albumen, flakes and calcium tablets. Industrial and food uses.

10.3 DAIRY MICROBIOLOGY

Section 1 Sources of microbial contamination of raw milk and their relative importance in influencing quality of milk during

production, collection, transportation and storage. Types and numbers of microbes in normal, mastitic and high somatic cell

count milk. Anti-microbial systems in milk. Naturally occurring and residues of antibiotics, detergents, sanitisers and

their mechanism of action. Morphological, cultural, biochemical, physiological, spoilage and pathogenic

characteristics of commonly occurring microbes in milk and milk products. Microbial and chemical changes in raw milk

during chilling and refrigeration. Methods of enumeration of psychrotrophs.

Section 2 Bacteriological aspects of bactofugation, thermisation, pasteurisation, boiling and UHT sterilization of milk. Types of

spoilages in heat—treated milks. Enumeration of heat resistant microbes. Prevention of post-processing contamination in

heated milk. Identification of sources of contamination in heat—treated milks. Role of resuscitation in recovery of

heat- damaged microbial cells. Bacteriological grading of raw and heat-treated milk. Conventional and rapid bacteriological

tests for heated milk. Enumeration of pathogens in heated milk.

Section 3 Types of micro-organisms in raw cream and different varieties of cream. Ripening of cream. Microbes in desi

and creamery butter, and their growth during storage. Defects in cream and butter due to microbial growth. Microbiology of

frozen dairy products such as ice creams, ice, kulfi and desserts. Standards of frozen products and their ingredients.

Sources of contamination during production, handling storage and distribution.

Section 4 Microbes in indigenous milk products such as khoa and chhana based sweets, sources of these microbes,

and spoilages they cause in these products. Growth and multiplication of pathogenic microbes in indigenous dairy

products during storage and marketing. Types of microbes surviving in concentrated and dried milk, and baby foods. Role

of initial microbial load of milk on the microbiological quality of products.

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Section 5 Bacteriology of starter cultures, single and multiple strain cultures, and custom cultures. Associative growth of starter

cultures. Concepts of starters growth and metabolism of lactose and citrate. Production of taste and aroma compounds by

starters in fermented milk and milk products. Changes caused by starters in milk structure during growth. Modern trends in

propagation, production and preservation of starter cultures. Production of starter concentrates. Judging of starter activity.

Use of genetic methods for the improvement of dairy starters. Plasmids in dairy starters. Bacteriophages of dairy starters.

Enumeration of phage particles; Prophase and lysogeny in dairy starters. Phage-resistant medium for growth of

starters. Prevention of starter failures due to phages.

Section 6 Grown and activity of starters in the preparation of dahi, yoghurt, koumiss, kefir, shrikhand, cultured butter, milk, and

whey based fermented products, Probiotic properties of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and fermented products containing lactic

and probiotic cultures. Anti-bacterial and therapeutic properties of probiotic cultures. Role of lactic cultures in controlling gastro-

intestinal microflora of man and animals. Microbiology of hard, semi-hard and soft varieties of cheese. Role of starter culture

during preparation and ripening of cheese. Production and use of microbial rennet substitutes. Defects in cheese and growth of

pathogens in cheese.

Section 7 Disposal of dairy effluents by microbial activity. Preparation of byproducts from dairy effluents by fermentation techniques.

Cleaning and sanitization of equipment, machineries and other contact surfaces used in production and processing of milk and

milk products. Types of detergents and their mechanisms of soil removal from the surfaces. Efficacy of sanitisers and evaluation

of sanitising properties. Factors affecting activity of detergents and sanitisers. Built detergents, commercial detergents and

combined detergent-sanitisers.

Section 8

Microbiological aspects of quality control and quality assurance in production of milk and milk products, limitation of

these systems. Value of HACCP in preventing health hazard due to consumption of milk products, Methods of preventing

food poisoning due to infection and intoxication. Importance of total quality control management in dairy industry.

10.4 DAIRY PROCESSING

Section 1: Market Milk Status of dairy industry in India. Operation Flood Programmes. Technology mission on dairying. National Milk Grid. Marketing

federation-their concept, achievements, limitations and impact on the dairy industry in India. Milk production trends and dairy

industry in India. Milk production trends and dairy development through successive national plans. Recent policy changes

related to dairy sector (MMPO, GATT) and their impact on dairy industry in the country. Principles and practices of production

of high-quality milk. Physical properties and chemical composition of cow and buffalo milk and their importance in milk processing.

Impact of processing on major and minor constituents of milk. Methods of milk procurement, payments, quality assessment,

detection of adulterants, handling and transportation of milk to processing dairies. Milk preservation methods of chilling milk.

Preservation of milk by LP system. Centrifugal separation, clarification and bactofugation, and factors affecting their efficiency.

Automatic desludging separators and clarifiers. Homogenization process and its significance in dairy processing. Theories of

homogenization, effect on milk constituents and properties. Efficiency of homogenization and factors affecting it. Thermal

processing of milk principles and methods of thermization, pasteurization and sterilization. Ultra high temperature

(UHT) processing of milk and aseptic packaging. Theoretical basis for UHT processing. Types of UHT processing plants.

Bacterial, physical, chemical and biochemical and nutritional effects of UHT processing of milk. Legal standards for market milk

and other designated milks. Procedures for sampling, examination and testing. Legal aspects. Special milk—principles of

production, processing and marketing of toned, double toned, reconstituted and recombined, sterilized, flavoured and filled

milk.

Section 2: Fat-rich Dairy Products Basic principles of processing and quality aspects of different creams table, half and half, Sterilized and high fat cream.

Legal standards. Quality aspects and shelf-life. Manufacture and use of cream powders. Basic principles, manufacturing process,

fat losses, constructional and operational features of butter making equipment. Over run in butter. Quality, storage and packing

of table butter, shelf-life, defects and remedies. Recent concepts in processing, storage, utilization and economy in manufacture

of fat-rich milk products. Manufacture, packaging, storage and utilization of butter powder and butter oil. Low fat spreads.

Fractionation of fat. Health aspects of milk fat. Cholesterol reduced/cholesterol free dairy products. Agmark, PFA and BIS

standards and quality control and preservation of table butter. Status of ghee in India. Methods of ghee making. Innovations

in ghee production procedures. Packaging, preservation, composition, changes during manufacture, shelf life and detects in

ghee. Quality control of ghee and its grading under Agmark, PFA and BIS.

Section 3: Frozen-milk Products Definition, classification and composition of ice cream and other frozen desserts. Status, trends and projections for

frozen-milk products industry in India. Role of milk constituents, other ingredients, process steps, packaging and storage on

ice cream quality. Technological aspects of ice cream manufacture. Recent advances in ice cream industry and their impact.

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Technology for preparation of dried ice cream mix. Indigenous frozen desserts-kulfi, malai-icebaraf, filled and imitation ice

cream, their production techniques and quality.

Section 4: Cheese and Fermented Milk Products Technology of cheese. Status and scope of cheese in dairy industry. Definition, classification and standards of cheese.

Milk in relation to modern cheese making process. Treatments of milk for cheese manufacture and their

consequences. Manufacture of Cheddar, Conda, Mozzerela and Swiss cheese. Role of starter culture in cheese quality.

Status of call and microbial rennets for cheese manufacture. Yield optimization. Physical and chemical changes during cheese

ripening. Manufacture of processed cheese, cheese spread and processed cheese foods. Mechanization of cheese-making

process. Modern concepts in accelerating cheese repening. Packaging, storage and defects. Manufacture of low fat and low

sodium cheese, and processed cheese. Application of biotechnology and membrane processing in cheese industry.

Recent advances in processing, manufacture, storage and packaging of dahi, yoghurt, srikhand, lassi and misti doi.

Therapeutic value of fermented milk products.

Section 5: Concentrated and Dried-milk Products Newer concepts in milk quality in relation to processing and manufacture of concentrated and dry milks. Principles and

methods of manufacture, packaging and storage defects in SCM, EM, and UHT sterilized concentrated milk, RSCM, REM, and

dried milk whole milk powder (WMP, SMP) and instant milk powder. Advances in processing, manufacture. packaging and

storage of concentrated and dried milks. Critical evaluation of current status, need for modifications, newer technologies and

formulations for infant foods and weaning foods. Special problems in handling buffalo milk for manufacture of concentrated and

dried milk, and infant milk foods.

Section 6: Indigenous Milk Products Significance and role of indigenous dairy products in Indian dairy industry and economy. Characteristics, composition

and legal aspects of various indigenous products, their prospects and constraints. Status of organized and unorganized sectors

in the manufacture of these products. Methods of production, physical-chemical changes during manufacture, quality attributes,

shelf life, preservation, packaging and latest processing innovations of khoa, chhana and paneer, and sweets based on these

products.

Section 7: Utilization of Milk-By Products Status, availability and utilization of dairy by-products. Associated economic and pollution problems. Manufacture of

casein, sodium and calcium caseinates, edible casein, hydrolysates, coprecipitates, whey protein concentrates,

whey beverages, whey syrups and lactose. Use of butter milk. Application of membrane processing and other

separation/fractionation processes used for milk components, and development/formulation of new products.

Section 8: Advances in Packaging Packaging of milk and milk products status of existing systems, needs and projections. Critical evaluation of existing

systems. Evaluation of packaging materials and package performance. Principles of packaging equipments. Package standard,

regulations and quality control.

Section 9: Cleaning and Sanitization Properties of important dairy detergents and sanitizers. Choice of detergents and sanitizers guiding principles and limiting

factors. Basic principles in formulating, cleaning and sanitizing procedures for dairy equipments. Automation in cleaning and

sanitization processes. Quality of water in detergency. Effluent disposal

Section 10: Advances in Dairy Technology Radiation preservation of milk products. Theory and application of microwave heating. Immobilization of enzymes and

their use in dairy and food industry. Use of membrane processing in dairy industry. Fouling, cleaning and sanitization of UF and

RO membrances. Structure of dairy foods. Emulsions, foams and gels. Rheology of milk and milk products. Processing of other

ingredients such as cereals, pulses and legumes for incorporation in milk and milk products. Use of milk solids in bakery and

confectionery products. Application of biotechnology in dairy industry-Safety aspects of milk with reference to use of antibiotics,

pesticides and weedicides. Hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) as applied to quality assurance of milk and milk

products.

10.5 DAIRY ENGINEERING

Section 1 Conduction heat transfer through rectangular fins and slabs, shape factors, two dimensional steady and unsteady

conduction, graphical, analytical and numerical methods and design calculations. Velocity and temperature distribution in boundary

layers. Local and average heat transfer coefficient. Empirical relations in convection heal transfer, laminar and turbulent regions.

Nusselt number. Use of dimensional analysis, solution for flow parallel to plates and through tubs. Condensation and boiling

heat transfer. Drop-wise and film-wise condensation. Film coefficients. Design of condensers and evaporators. Common heat

exchangers and their care and maintenance in dairy/food plants, their effectiveness, system design and calculations.

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Section 2 Introduction to design of pressure vessels, codes and regulation, allowable stresses, design pressures and working

temperatures. Combination of direct and centrifugal stresses, fabrication requirements, inspection tests and quality control,

corrosion and corrosion control/ allowance. Process plant piping, codes, piping material, testing and stress evaluation, overall

economic and safety considerations, costs and selection of the heat exchangers.

Section 3 Transport properties and proportionality constants in momentum energy and mass transfer. Steady state

equation. Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, continuity equation in different coordinates. Navier-Stockers

equations and their applications. Velocity, temperature and concentration distribution in turbulent transport mechanism.

Friction factors, analogies among mass heat and momentum transfer, mathematical analysis, application of dimensional

analysis in transport phenomena and boundary layer content.

Section 4 Ideal elastic, plastic and viscous behaviour. Viscoelasticity Rheological models. Viscoe!astic characterization of dairy

and food materials. Stress- Strain behaviour creep and stress relaxation. Activation energy of flow. Methods of texture evaluation,

subjective and objective measurement testing, firmness, hardness, dynamic hardness, strength of food materials and kinetics

of biological reactions. Instron universal testing machine and theological properties of dairy/food products. Drag coefficient

terminal velocity and Reynolds number. Application of aerodynamic properties to the process of separation, pneumatic handling

and conveying of food products, electrical and optical properties of food products. Methods of measurements.

Section 5 Mass and energy balance in evaporation and dehydration of foods. Design of single and multi-effect evaporators. Design

of drying systems and their component—drum dryer, spray dryer, thermo-compression system etc. Separation and recovery of

dried products. Design calculation for dryers recovery systems and auxiliary equipment. Freeze-concentration and freeze drying

methods. Design problems.

Section 6 Introduction to biochemical engineering and biothermal process engineering. Water activity and states, sorption isotherms,

hysteresis and methods of measurement. Effect of water activity on enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions and

microbial growth. Permeability to gases and vapours in relation to packaging requirements of food products. Gas liquid mass

transfer in microbial systems, measurements and calculation of shelf-life for packaged foods. Transport properties of the

package and shelf-life. Shelf-life simulation for moisture, oxygen and light sensitive products. Accelerated testing. Theory of

ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis. Types of membranes, their selection and use in dairy/food industry. Physical

parameters and heat transfer in microwave heating. Equipment selection and application in dairy and food industry.

Fermentation and product yield in culture. Residential time distribution and design of fermentation vessels.

Section 7 Introduction to thermal processing. Sterilization classification. UHT systems. Factors effecting spoilage and design of

thermal process system. Survival and thermal death curve. Analysis of thermal resistance data. Processing in containers.

Process time design. Techniques for determination of heat resistance of microorganisms. Design of batch and continuous

sterilization cycles. Milk deposits and fouling of surfaces, inhibition of corrosion, cleaning and sanitizing of evaporators dryers

membrane separation plants.

Section 8 Physical chemical and biological characteristics of waste water and their measurement. Waste water treatment-

screening, mixing, flocculation, sedimentation, floatation, vacuum filtration, incineration, chemical precipitation, adsorption and

disinfection. Aerobic and anaerobic waste treatment. Kinetics of biological growth. Important pollutants of air and their

properties. Particulate pollutants and their properties. Wet scrubbing, fabric filters and electrostatic precipitation.

Section 9 Control of temperature and humidity. Synchrometrics. Load estimation for specified design conditions. Design of air ducts

and room air distribution. Transducers-resistive, inductive, capacitive, magnetic, optical and other types. Use of transducers in

measurement—level, pressure, flow velocity, humidity, temperature, movement, mass, electrical properties, radiation.

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11. AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

(11.1 Agricultural Structures and Process Engineering, 11.2 Farm Machinery and Power, 11.3 Soil and Water Conservation Engineering)

11.1 AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURES AND PROCESS ENGINEERING/PROCESS AND FOOD ENGINEERING

Section 1: Farm Structures Farm pond. Hydrological design of percolation ponds. Conveyance and regulatory structures, Residential structures for

a farm family. Farm storage structures. Low-cost sanitary structures. Open dug well structure. Pump house. Underground water supply structures. Brooder-house and incubation structures. Dryer structures. Biogas plants. Compost pit. Waste water recycling structures and oxidation pond. Drop, chute and pipe spillway structures for soil conservation.

Section 2: Off-farm Structures Grain storage structures. Structures for perishables. Roads, culverts and nallah structures. Rat proof godowns. Transport

container design. Input storage (warehousing). Low-cost building materials. Piggery, poultry and other livestock structures.

Integrated farming structures. Feedstuff storage structures. Conveyors and material handling units. Fuel efficient stoves. Kilns and dryers.

Section 3: Planning Farmstead planning: Survey and data collection for information bank. Analysis of data. Options for action programme.

Layouts. Cost estimation and appraisal. Project development: Time, motion and input analysis. Commissioning and maintenance. Flow charts and drawings. Case studies. Rural electrification: load estimation, and selection of equipment.

Electrical fencing. Safety devices including fire fighting. Benefit-cost analysis. Economics of operation. Technology options. Techno-economic feasibility. Household electrical wiring. Electricity safety. Illumination, transmission and distribution of electrical energy.

Section 4: Materials’ Handling and Transport Agricultural commodity handling technology. Horticultural product handling technology. Animal products handling.

Handling of waste products. Handling of value added products. Trailers, bullock carts, wheel barrows and trucks. Bulk handling units.

Section 5: Post-harvest Operations Losses at different stages. Grading, cleaning and sorting. Shelling, dehusking and decorticating. Milling and polishing.

Parboiling. Drying. Size reduction. Granulation and briquetting. Crystallization, filtration, evaporation, distillation,

mixing, clarification and densification. Coagulation. Washing. Sizing. Mechanical separation. Sedimentation. Pressing and expelling. Baling. Pelletization. Extrusion. Stabilization. Cryogenics.

Section 6: Design Steel structures. RCC structures. Masonary structures. Function design. Materials science—ferrous, non-ferrous, plastic,

FRP and wastes. Performance design. Straw walkers. Blowers. Hopper chutes. Vibrators. Centrifuges. Cyclones.

Heat exchangers. Non-conventional thermal energy design. Solar and biomass equipment.

Section 7: Environment Control Heat and vapour flow in farm buildings. Heating, cooling load calculations. Heat transfer and insulation.

Livestock environment control. Incubators. Humidification and dehumidification. Use of psychrometric chart and steam

falls. Poly/ greenhouse. Air curtain growth chamber. Engineering properties of biological materials-physical,

mechanical, thermal, electrical, theological, aerodynamic and dielectric. Heat and mass transfer. Air conditioning and refrigeration. Controlled atmosphere storage systems. Equilibrium moisture content. Moisture and temperature variation

during storage.

Section 8: Processing and Processing Equipment Machinery for processing of agricultural products-cereals, pulses, oilseeds, oil palms, fruits and vegetables, animal

products, tubers, spices and condiments, farm residues, apiary, tobacco, seed processing, biofertilizers and bio-pesticide

formulations.

Section 9: Design and Management Cost scheduling and appraisal. PERT and CPM techniques. Design of structure and equipment for farm products handling

including feed and waste. Feed plant design and management. Design of rural sanitation structures. Design of heat exchangers,

double pipe shell, tube and extended surface. Design of dryers, humidifiers, crystallizers, evaporators, separators, filters and

miling equipment. Design of dairy equipment.

Section 10: Basic Sciences and Allied Engineering Subjects Thermodynamics applied to processing. Theory of machine elements. Fluid flow analysis. Materials science. Tests of

hypothesis. Multiple regression. Similitude and dimensional analysis. Application of biotechnology. Downstream

chemical engineering-thermo, chemical and biochemical.

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11.2 FARM MACHINERY AND POWER

Section 1 Status and scope of farm mechanization in India. Power availability on the farm. Identification of need based priorities of

mechanization for various cropping systems. Hand tools used for different kinds of farm work, design considerations and

materials for construction. Functional requirements, principles of working, construction, design, operation and management of

animal-and power-operated equipments for tillage, land development, sowing, planting, fertilizer application, inter-cultivation,

mowing, chaff cutting and baling. Special equipment for crops such as sugarcane, cotton, groundnut, potato and jute.

Section 2

Design and selection of machinery elements: gear, pulleys, chains and sprockets, belts and simple clutches. Calibrations

of seed drills, planters, sprayers and fertilizer applicators. Performance and losses in harvesting and threshing. Machinery

systems design. Calculations of field capacity, efficiency and rate of seed, fertilizer and chemicals applicators,

threshers, harvesters and chaff cutters.

Section 3 Force analysis on machine elements. Pull, draft, unit draft and energy calculations for animal and power operated equipment.

Methods of testing of tillage equipments, seed-drills, seeders, plants, sprayers, threshers, and combines. Farm machinery

selection for different soils, crops and operations. Cost analysis of implements and operations. Methods and materials for

manufacturing and quality control of farm equipments.

Section 4 Source of power on the farm: human, mechanical, wind solar, biogas and producer gas. Energy conversion, capacities

and efficiencies of energy utilization from these sources. Fuels and combustion in internal combustion engines, fuel properties

and combustion equations. Lubricants and their properties. Thermodynamic processes and calculations on energy exchange.

Section 5 Various systems of spark and compression ignition engines. Operations, adjustment and trouble shooting on the working

of the systems. Design of engine components. Calculations on horse power, torque, speed, firing arrangement and intervals,

heal load and power transmission from piston to the fly wheel.

Section 6 Tractor: clutches, gear trains, differential and final drives. Tractor chassis mechanics. Traction theory. Power tillers:

design, operation and management.

Section 7 Hitching systems and hydraulic controls. Hydraulic symbols and circuits for tractors and combines. Utilization and

management of power implement systems for different soils, crops and operations. Tractor-implement system performance

evaluation. Various types of dynamometers. Tractor testing and test codes. Cost analysis of power-implement systems and

their operations. Human engineering and safety in power-machine systems.

Section 8 Basic concepts of trignometry, calculus, linear algebra and analytical geometry. Elements of statistics. Dynamics and

strength of materials. Physical and mathematical models. Similarity in model-prototype testing. Measurement of forces, torque,

speed, displacement and acceleration on machine elements. Elementary statistical inference. Measures of central tendency

and dispersion. Common random variable distributions. Testing of hypothesis. Correlation and regression analysis.

11.3 SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION ENGINEERING

Section 1: Water Resources of India Present status of utilization and scope for additional use. Increasing efficiency in water use. General principles of design

of irrigation wells and tanks. Water lifts and irrigation pumps. Classification, principles of operation, types of drives, pumps,

pump installation, performance characteristics and economics.

Section 2: Water Conveyance and Control Hydraulics of open channels. Design of farm irrigation channels. Conveyance losses in canal systems. Weed problems

and control. Lining of field channels and water courses. Structures to control erosion in gullies and irrigation channels. Underground

pipeline irrigation distribution system. Design and installation of underground pipeline irrigation systems. Structure for underground

pipelines. Hydraulic principles of water measurement. Measurement of irrigation water velocity-area method, water meters,

coordinate method, weirs, Parshall flumes, orifices and meter gates. Water application methods. Hydraulics of border strip,

check basin and furrow methods of irrigation. Design of surface irrigation systems. Comparative efficiencies and economics of

different methods of irrigation. Sprinkler and drip irrigation methods.

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Section 3: Soil-Plant-Water Relationships Soil physical characteristics influencing irrigation. Soil moisture measurement in the unsaturated zone. Evaporation and

irrigation requirements on evapo-transpiration basis: Crop factors for different stages of crop growth. Critical stages of crop

growth in relation to irrigation. Irrigation scheduling. Salt problems in irrigated agriculture. Origin of salts in irrigation waters.

Drainage and irrigated lands in relation to salinity control. Irrigation with poor quality water. Drainage: theory of flow in saturated

soils. Drainage investigations. Drainage characteristics of various types of soils. Water table contour maps and isobar maps.

Design and installation of surface and subsurface drains. Interceptor and relief drains and their design. Drain accessories.

Drainage requirements of crops. Drainage in relation to salinity control. Conjunctive use of surface and groundwater.

Section 4: Hydrologic Processes Precipitation, infiltration and runoff. Soil erosion. Quantitative soil loss estimation. Land use capability classification. Field

practices in controlling erosion by water and wind. Design and construction of contour bunds, terraces and vegetative water

courses. Gully control, vegetative measures, temporary, semipermanent and permanent structures for gully control

and reclamation and their design. Farm ponds and reservoirs and their design and construction. Integrated area development

and land use planning for soil and water conservation.

Section 5: Watershed Management Identification and characterization of watersheds based on soil, vegetative and topographic characteristics. Surveying:

topographic, reconnaissance. Soil types and depth properties. Soil maps and their scales. Meteorological observations. General

methods of development. Land clearing-intermediate and heavy cleaning methods and equipment. Criteria for land levelling

design methods. Earth work—quantities, equipment, construction procedures, preservation of top-soil, construction tolerance,

checking, finishing, maintenance and contour levelling.

Section 6: Special Land Development Problems Reclamation of ravine, waterlogged and swampy areas, sea (polders), saline and alkali areas. Land development machinery

and land clearing equipment. Land levelling and construction. Maintenance of developed land. Economics of

land development. Legal aspects. Knowledge of command area authorities and land development boards and financial

implications. Interstate projects and their functionaries. Water rights and command area management. Optimization

techniques for management.

12. HOME SCIENCE

(12.1 Child Development, 12.2 Foods & Nutrition, 12.3 Home Management/Family Resource Management, 12.4 Home Science Extension Education, 12.5 Textiles and Clothing)

12.1 CHILD DEVELOPMENT

Section 1 Major factors influence human growth and development. Principles of human growth and development. Study and analysis

of significant areas of development; physical and motor aspects, cognitive processes, acquisition of language,

creativity, learning and motivation. Study of emotional aspects, social behaviour, moral development and values, and

personality development.

Section 2 Meaning and significance of child development theories. Psychoanalytic theories of Freud, Alder, Jung and the Neo,

Freudians-Karen Horney, Sullivan, and Erech Fromm. Erikson’s stages of psycho-social development. Piaget’s theory of

cognitive development. Language development theories of Chomsky and learning theories of Pavlov Skinner, Thorndike,

Watson and Gestalt psychology. Theories of Heinz Werner and Kohlberg. Personality theories of Allport, Murray and Lewin’s

Field theory.

Section 3 Administration of pre-schools. Planning infrastructure and programmes for pre-schools education. Maintenance, budget

and keeping of records. Principles of curriculum planning, and indoor and outdoor activities of nursery school.

Section 4 Education in ancient period, middle ages, and during reformation and industrial revolution. Education during

British period. Modern education. Historical review of major philosophies of early thinkers like Lock, Owan, Rousseau,

Pestallozzi, Froebel and Montessori. Gandhi’s basic education and contributions of Giju Bhai and Tarabai Modak.

Importance of pre- school education. Models of types of pre- school in India.

Section 5 Definition and needs of exceptional children. Classification of exceptional children: visual impairment, deaf and hard of

hearing, speech and language defect, crippled child, socially and emotionally maladjusted and juvenile delinquents. Gitted

and mentally retarded children. Psychological problems: necrosis, psychoneurosis, psychoses and

schizophrenia. Rehabilitation of exceptional children.

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Section 6 Physical, social, intellectual and emotional development during late childhood and their characteristic. Physical, moral,

social, emotional and intellectual development during adolescence. Adulthood and old age. psychological, economic and

social problems of the aged and rehabilitation of the aged. National and community services for the aged.

Section 7 Concept, need and principles of guidance. Aims and objectives of individual and group guidance. Sources of information

and methods of group guidance. Use of psychological tests and criteria for testing and measurements. Guidance services:

meaning, scope, principles of counselling services, methods and techniques in counselling service for children, parents and

youth.

Section 8 Family in social context. Approaches to study of family: developmental, social, psychological and educational. Modern

trends in Indian, urban and rural families and changing family functions. Changing roles and relationships. Influence of socio-

economic status, culture, religion and the role of family in maintaining mental health. Problems of the family related to sexual

misbehaviour, aggression and hostility, drug addiction, AIDS etc. Services for family and children: creches, Balwadis and

feeding programmes. Services for adolescents and youth. Rehabilitation of juvenile delinquent.

Section 9 Meaning and need for community education. Child rearing practices of community. Objectives and principles of parent

education. The disadvantaged family. Problems and needs of the disadvantaged family and child. Subject matter or areas of

knowledge for parent education. Role of parents and teachers in children. Methods and procedures of parent and community

education.

12.2 FOODS & NUTRITION

Section 1 Food production and consumption trends in India and their consequences on nutrition situation. Cereals, millets,

pulses, oilseeds, vegetables, fruits, milk, eggs, meat and other animal foods. Nutritional value of these food groups and their

contribution towards nutrients in Indian diets.

Section 2 Grain storage practices in India. Quantitative and qualitative losses during post-harvest handling and storage of

foodgrains. Improved and scientific methods of storage of foodgrains.

Section 3 Food processing-physical and chemical changes in foods during processing including cooking and preservation with

special reference to sensory characteristics and nutritional value. Traditional methods of processing such as

steaming, parboiling, germination, malting and fermentation and their nutritional advantages. Food colours, flavours and

enzymes, and their importance.

Section 4 Food safety-natural toxicants, pesticide residues, common adulterants and mycotoxins, their harmful effects on health,

and methods of eliminating harmful effects.

Section 5 Macro- and micro-nutrients in human nutrition. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals and trace elements.

Requirements, sources., functions and effects of deficiency. Energy-methods of assessing energy requirement and factors

influencing requirement. Qualitative differences in food proteins and methods of assessing protein quality. Factors influencing

availability of minerals. Nutrients inter-relationships. Importance of fibre in human nutrition. Water and electrolyte balance.

Metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Role of vitamins and hormones in metabolism.

Section 6 Major nutrition problems in India—causes, magnitude and distribution. Nutritional problems of vulnerable segments—

pregnant and lactating women, and pre-school children.

Section 7 Food nutrition programmes to combat malnutrition-strategies, targets and progress. Assessment of community

nutritional status-anthropometry, diet survey, biochemical and clinical methods. Indicators/parameters and standards used

for assessment by different methods. Growth norms for pre-school children and importance of growth monitoring.

Section 8 Nutritional requirements of pregnant and lactating women, and pre-school children. Consequences of chronic nutritional

deficiencies in these groups. Infant and child feeding practices in India and importance of promoting good feeding practices.

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Section 9 Nutrition in disease, therapeutic modifications of normal diets and their use in treatment of diseases of gastro-intestinal,

cardio-vascular, renal, hepatic, metabolic and febrile disorders. Dietary guidelines and cardiovascular diseases.

12.3 HOME MANAGEMENT/FAMILY RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Section 1: Family Resources Management Interdisciplinary nature of management and systems approach to family management. Philosophy and concepts of

management: goal types and goal setting, and value types. Sources of learning values and their importance to family.

Standards— type and relationship with values and goals. Process of management-planning, controlling, evaluating,

organizing and their application to resource use and resource development. Decision making in use and development of

resources. Decision types. Application of management processes to time and energy for work simplification. Application of

Mudell’s classes of change in household work and agricultural task.

Section 2: Art Principles and Interior Enrichment Importance of good taste. Elements and principles of art and their application to interior decoration. Selection of art

objects and making of decorative accessories for homes. Flower arrangement.

Section 3: Housing and Space Designing Identifying family housing needs. Selection of site. Principles of house planning-orientation, space requirements for

various activities and room layout. Building materials, their characteristics, selection and suitability for low cost rural and urban

housing. Estimating costs of building a house. Advantages of owning and renting.

Section 4: Household Energy and Equipments Household energy forms: sources, fuels and their classification. Energy crisis, its causes and implications for energy

management in homes. National efforts for energy and environmental conservation. Equipments, tools and accessories for

rural and urban houses, their selection, maintenance and care. Low cost simple equipments—hay box, water filter, solar cookers.

etc.

Section 5: Family Finance and Consumer Education Family income—types, sources and contributors. Financial planning-guidelines for budgeting, Engel’s law, expenditure,

account keeping, investments and savings. Credit—rural credit sources, advantage, disadvantages, selection and repayments.

Consumer problems-buying problems, adulteration and substandard goods. Public distribution system. Consumer rights and

responsibilities, and consumer protection measures. Consumer organization and their roles.

Section 6: Entrepreneurship Management Scope for enterprise. Sources of information for projects proposals and kinds of information needed. Role of government

and private organization in financing.

Section 7: Markets and Marketing Types of markets, their functions and pricing. Marketing information systems. Sales management and product promotion.

12.4 HOME SCIENCE EXTENSION EDUCATION

Section 1: Fundamentals of Extension Education Home science extension education: concept, principles, philosophy, objectives and approaches. Growth of extension as

a discipline and profession. Genesis of rural development programmes in India. Community development and

integrated rural development-concept, principles and objectives. Relationship between family and community

development.

Section 2: Rural Institutions Structure and functions of rural institutions, process of activating them, and factors influencing their involvement in rural

development. Leadership-concept, types, identification, training and mobilizing local leaders for community

participation. Panchayati Raj: philosophy, concept, functioning and scope.

Section 3: Programme Planning and Evaluation Concept, principles and theories of programme planning. Application of programme planing for home science extension.

Systematic development of plan of work. Application of PERT and CPM. Evaluation—concept, significance, methods and tools

for monitoring an evaluation. Five-year plans-critical analysis with special reference programmes for women, children and

youth. Development programmes viz. Integrated Child Development Service (lCDS), Integrated Rural

Development Programme (lRDP), Development of women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA), Training of Rural Youth for

Self Employment (TRYSEM), Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) ect. Role of Non-government Organizations (NGOs) in

extension.

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Section 4: Extension Management Meaning, nature, principles, process, functions and scope of administration and management. Critical analysis of

organizational set up of extension administration at various levels. Training—principles and importance of extension training,

methods of training; factors affecting extension training; identifying training needs; and assessment of training impact.

Section 5 Entrepreneurial Development Concept, significance and scope. Programmes and agencies promoting women as entrepreneurs.

Section 6: Extension Methods and Communication Techniques Extension methods and audio-visual aids. Characteristics of adult learning. Teaching-learning process in extension.

Individual, group and mass approaches in extension. Audio-visual aids-classification, selection, use and production of low cost

audio-visual aids. Traditional media for development. Cost effectiveness of communication media.

Section 7: Communication for Development Concept, functions, key elements, theories and models of communication. Barriers to communication. Concept and models

of development. Diffusion and adoption for social change-concept, process, models and theories. Revolution in communication

strategies. Advanced techniques in mass communication and software production.

Section 8: Research Methods in Home Science Extension Need for social science research. Process and designs of scientific research. Measurement—levels of measurement and

corresponding statistical techniques. Validity and reliability of measuring devices. Methods of observation and data collection.

Techniques of tabulation and analysis of data. Report writing. Importance of research in extension programmes.

Section 9: Social Statistics Sampling techniques. Normal distribution. Tests and significance of difference. ANOVA. Correlation and regression—

simple, partial and multiple. Path Analysis. Factor Analysis.

12.5 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING

Section 1 Methods of developing patterns—flat, draping and drafting. Application of special sewing technique in dress designing.

Figure irregularities and special problems with reference to apparel designing. Evaluation of finished garments and clothing.

Commercial processes in apparel industry. Factors influencing costumes and dress designing. Fashion forecasting. Socio-

psychological aspects of clothing. Traditional costumes, textiles and embroideries of India and their influence on modern trends.

Section 2 Manufacture/processing, structure and physical, chemical and biological properties of cotton, silk, rayon and synthetics.

Bleaches - types and their commercial application. Special finishes applied to different fibres such as wash-n-wear, water-proof,

water repellent, shrink proof, durable press, carbonising for p/c blends. Quantitative estimation of blends and mixtures. Water,

detergents—types and their influence on fabric performance.

Section 3 Study of dyes and pigments-composition, properties, advantages and disadvantages. Advanced dyeing and printing

methods.

Section 4 Importance of quality testing in textiles and clothing. Fibre, yarn and fabric testing methods. Methods of texturization and

their applications. Fabric blending methods and their applications. Role of textile testing standards and methods.

Section 5 Analysis of textile designs. Application of art principles in textile and clothing. Role of colour in textile and garments

designs. Classification, characteristics and application of novelty yarns. Types of fabric manufacture—knitted, laced, bonded,

needle-punched etc., Woven—special twills leno, double cloth, dobby, jacquard, warp and weft figuring, terry pile weaving,

warp and circular knitting. Cloth defects and faulty merchandizing. Textile designing centres and their function.

Section 6 Role of textile industry in Indian economy. Status of textile industry in the last decade with reference to cotton, rayon,

jute, silk, wool, garments and hosiery. Domestic and international consumption. Export and import policies of textiles and

garments. Five Year Plans and their influence on textile and clothing related policies. Associations and research organisations

related to textiles, garments, hosiery and consumer. Sales promotion techniques for textiles and garments.

Consumer education and protection methods.

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13. FISHERIES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

(13.1 Fisheries Science, 13.2 Fish Processing Technology)

13.1 FISHERIES SCIENCE

Section 1: Capture Fisheries Fisheries potential of important species/groups of aquatic organisms (fishes, crustaceans, molluscs, echinoderms,

seaweeds etc.) in freshwater, brackishwater and marine sectors. Capture fisheries resources in important hill streams, rivers,

reservoirs, lakes, lagoons, estuaries and seas of India. Ecology of inland and marine waters. Meteorology in relation-to fisheries.

Physical and chemical oceanography and limnology in relation to capture fisheries. Management and conservation of inland

fisheries resources. Fisheries legislation.

Section 2: Aquaculture History, scope and importance of aquaculture. Aquaculture practices in different part of the world. Cultivable organisms

for aquaculture and criteria for their selection. Different systems of aquaculture such as pond culture, cage culture, pen culture,

aquaranching etc. Impact of aquaculture on environment. Hatchery and grow out practices for cultivable species of freshwater

fishes ( trouts, mahser, carps, catfishes, snakeheads etc.), prawns ( giant freshwater prawn, riverprawn ). Integrated aquaculture.

Waste water aquaculture. Pearl culture. Frog culture. Hatchery and grow out practices for culture of brackishwater fishes

(milkfish, mullets, pearlspot, seabars ), prawns (tiger prawn, white prawn, banana prawn etc.) and mud crabs. Present status of

sea farming in India. Culture of molluscs (clams, oysters and mussels ), echinoderms (sea cucumber) and sea-weeds.

Section 3: Aquaculture Engineering Site survey techniques. Principles of engineering design for aqua farms and hatcheries. Source of water supply and

retentivity. Water/soil quality and nutrient status. Rehabilitation of problem soils, seepage control, prevention of soil erosion etc.

Important equipments and machineries of aqua farms and hatcheries such as pumps, air compressors, blowers, aerators,

biofilters, windmills, deweeders etc.

Section 4: Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Principles of fish genetics. Division of fish genetics-cytogenetics, biochemical genetics, quantitative genetics and

population genetics. Fish stock improvement through selective hybridization. Androgenesis and gynogenesis. Polyploidy. Sex

reversal and sterility. Transgenesis. Cryopreservation of gametes and embryos.

Section 5: Nutrition and Feed Formulation Digestive physiology of fish and prawn Sources of nutrients for fishes and prawns. Nutrient requirements for various life-

history stages of fishes and prawns. Effect of malnutrition. Deficiency diseases. Concept of feed efficiency and principles of feed

formulation. Use of unconventional feed as a source of nutrients.

Section 6: Diseases and Their Control Symptoms of different diseases and their aetiology in finfishes and shellfishes. Prophylactic measures, control and

therapeutics. Life history of important pathogens. Disease of epidemic proportion. Finfish and shellfish in relation to public

health.

Section 7: Fisheries Technology Present status and scope of fishing technology in India. Gear materials, different types of gears, their maintenance and

operation. Fishing craft materials, different types of crafts and their maintenance. Economics of fishing operations. Proximate

composition of fish. Principles and methodology of fish handling. Fresh fish spoilage and methods of preservation

and processing. Modern transportation systems.

Section 8: Economics, Statistics and Marketing Principles of economics as applied to aqua products, law of demand and supply. Consumer surplus. Law of returns.

Exchange. Market and prices. International trade. Export promotion. Foreign exchange regulations. Existing systems of fish

marketing. Use of modern marketing and transportation for aqua products. Role of co-operatives in marketing. Advertising

and modern selling methods. Definitions and scope of fisheries statistics. Collection and tabulation of data.

Frequency: distribution. Graphical and diagrammatic depiction of data. Basic experimental designs.

Section 9: Extension History of fisheries extension in India. Concept, philosophy and principles of fisheries extension. Different extension

techniques. Transfer of technology. Extension communication. National and International organizations institutions and agencies

involved in fisheries extension.

13.2 FISH PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY

Section 1: Process Biochemistry Major and minor constituents in fish-moisture, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates. vitamins and minerals. Extractives of

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fish muscle and their differences in teleost fishes, crustaceans elasmobranchs and molluscs. Nutritional significance of fish

as food. Postmortem changes in fish leading to spoilage-asphysia, hyperaemia, rigor mortis, autolysis and bacterial

action.

Section 2: Process Microbiology Differentiation between bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Bacterial mode of life-effect of temperature, pH, water activity etc.

Redox potential and its application of fish preservation. Effect of salts (solar salt, rock salt) on bacteria. Moulds important in

spoilage of processed fish products. Bacteria of sanitary importance, their sources and control measures. Microorganisms commonly found in frozen, canned and dried products.

Section 3: Fresh Fish Handling Principles of fresh fish handling-cleanliness, care and cooling. Handling of fish onboard ship and onshore. Use of ice of

preservation of fish. Merits and demerits of use of refrigeration. Sea water detergents and disinfectants used in fish industry. Cleaning controls. Production of block ice. Different types of ice including solid carbon dioxide ice. Superchilling. Gaping in fish.

Section 4: Freezing and Cold Storage Simple mechanical refrigeration-basic functions of compressor, evaporator, condenser, and receiver. Refrigerants-

cooling load estimate, wall heat gain load, air change load, product load, product load and miscellaneous load. Freezing techniques-air blast, contact plate freezer, drum freezer, fluidized bed freezer, and liquid nitrogen freezer unit. Steps in freezing of shrimps, lobsters, cuttle fish and other commercially important fishes. Measurement of freezing

time and physico- chemical changes during freezing and cold storage of fish and shellfish. Ice formation, rate of freezing, dehydration, discolouration, toughness etc. Changes in protein and other nitrogenous compounds. Rancification of lipids. Methods of glazing. Freezer burn. Different thawing methods for frozen fish. Prepackaging of

chilled wet fresh fish and frozen fish for domestic and overseas market.

Section 5: Canning of Fish Steel and aluminium cans for packing fish and fish products. Laminated flexible retortable pouches and glass containers

for canning of fish. Can corrosion. Unit steps in canning of fish and shellfish and their functions. Types of packs ‘Drypack’,

‘Wetpack’ In brine, oil sauce and ‘natural stype’. ‘Springer’, ‘Dents’, ‘Panels’, ‘Leaker’, and ‘Perforations’. Botulism. Lethal

value of bacterium. Can seam inspection. Machinery for canning plant-double seamers, super pressure autoclave, steam generators, blanching equipments etc.

Section 6: Salted, Dried and Other Cured Fish Products Importance of salted and dried fish products. Principles of salting. Preservative action of salt. Factors affecting salt

uptake in fish. Spoilage in salted dried fish. Intermediate moisture fish products. Packaging and storage of salted dried fish. Theory of drying-heat transfer, mass transfer, constant rate of drying, falling rate of drying and phase drying. Principles in

accelerated freeze drying. Packaging of accelerated freeze dried fish products. Artificial driers-solar driers. Indian smoked products, Masmin, Behe-de-mer. Composition of wood smoke, types of smoke, and smoking units for fish Preparation of fish pickle. Semi-preserved fish and marinated fish. Fermented fish products. Fish sauce. Fish paste.

Section 7: Additives in Fish Products Anti-oxidants in foods as stabilizers. Approved antioxidants. Natural and synthetic flavourings. Colour additives. Anato

dyes. Polyphosphates in fish products. Ascorbic acid and other inhibitors for moulds and bacteria. Antibiotics in fish preservation. Food labelling requirements.

Section 8: Fishery Byproducts Production of fish meat-wet and dry reduction processes. Quality assessment of fish meal. Fish meal as a feed supplement.

Fish protein concentrates with improved functional properties. Fish body oils. Shark liver oil, its preparation and uses. Chitin,

chitosan, pearl essence, isinglass, shark finrays, and shark skin for leather. Fish silage. Liquid fish meal. Production of agar,

alginic acid and their uses.

Section 9: Minced Fish Technology Preparation of coarsely minced deboned fish meat. Surimi. Fish mince starch based products. Kamboko, fish sausage,

fish ham and fish fingers. Packaging and storage of surimi. Biochemical changes during low temperature storage of surimi.

Section 10: Recent Advances in Process Technology Aseptic packing and sterilization. Irradiation of fish using gamma rays. Modified atmospheric packing. Hyperbaric

techniques for processing and preservation. Reverse osmosis. Edible superficial protective coating layer technology. Hyrdle technology. Robotics in fish processing.

Section 11: Quality Control and Commodity Standards Definition of quality. Quality control in fish industry. Quality assessment tests-organoleptic and objective tests. Total

volatile bases nitrogen. Trimethyl amine nitrogen, hypoxanthine, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid number, free fatty acid value etc. K-value for fish. Total bacterial plate count and other techniques for monitoring bacteria of public health significance.

Indian standards specifications for fish and fish products. Quality assurance and HACCP concept in fish handling and processing.

68

Section 12: Packaging, Storage and Transport Packaging materials for wet fresh fish, frozen fish, meat processed fish, salted dried fish, fish meal and byproducts.

Styles and packaging of wet fish. First-in-first-out concept in storage. Transportation systems for fresh fish, frozen fish and

other fish products. Layout of machinery for wet fish or frozen fish sales counter, freezing plant, canning plant, fish meal plant

and shark liver oil plants.

14. AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, STATISTICS AND EXTENSION EDUCATION

(14.1 Agricultural Economics, 14.2 Agricultural Extension, 14.3 Agricultural Statistics)

14.1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS

Section I: Economic Theory Scope and methods of economics and agricultural economics. Characteristics of modern production. Problems of application

of economic theory of agriculture. Production and consumption units and their peculiarities. Basic economics concepts—

statistics, comparative statics and dynamics equilibrium. Comparative economic systems. Development of economic theory

and models. Theories of consumer behaviour—marginal utility, indifference curve (IC) and other models of utility

maximization. Price and income consumption curves. Engel curves. Elasticities of demand-substitution and income effects.

Application of IC analysis— rationing, taxation and subsidy. Theory of production and cost optimizing behaviour of firm, output

maximization, cost minimization and profit maximization. Elasticity of supply-substitution, output and profit maximization and

profit maximization. Elasticity of supply-substitution, output and profit maximization effects. Optimality approach for joint

products. Market classification—pure and perfect competition. Behaviour of the firm and industry. Supply-demand

functions. Imperfect competition, monopolistic competition, monopoly, duopoly. Pricing and output decisions. Price

discrimination. Product differentiation applications. Micro- and macroeconomic analysis. Working of macro-economic systems.

National income accounting. Theory of employment-classical. Keynesian and post Keynesian theories of income

determination. Growth models—Harrod Domar, Neo-classical, von Neu- Mann. Optimal saving and investments. Theory of

income distribution and factor shares. Inflation, deflation, inflationary gap, monetary policy and banking systems.

Section 2: Economics of Development Concept, meaning and characteristics of developing and developed economies. Role of economic, technological, social

and cultural factors and constraints in development. Traditional versus modern agriculture. Choice of appropriate technology.

Interdependence between agricultural and industrial development in developing economics. Role of primary, secondary and

tertiary sectors in agricultural and economic development. Theories or development and under-development, Need for planning.

Features of planning in capitalist, socialist. neo-socialist and mixed economies. Philosophy. objectives- methods and

techniques of Indian planning with particular reference to agriculture. Planning for development. Types of planning—micro

level, regional, sectoral, agroclimatic regional planning etc. Resource mobilization and inter-sectoral balance.

Development strategies. Institutional approaches. Non-economic factors in economic development. Dualism and

development. Economic growth with equity and social justice. Role of monetary and fiscal policies in India’s economic

development. Plan programmes, activities and strategies for agricultural development. Special target programmes for

backward area/regional/community development. Private, co-operative corporate and public sectors. Institutional and non-

institutional financing agencies. Voluntary, culture, social and religious organizations in national economic development.

Agricultural policies, energy: water, price, fertilizer, resource conservation, subsidy (input and output), food production and

distribution policies, source-wise past experience and expectations. Existing status, constraints and potentials for future

planning. Investment policies including capital formation in agriculture and criteria for developing countries. Infrastructural

development and development of rural industries. Social sector, weaker section, poverty alleviation and development

strategies. Employment policy and choice of technology. Population policy and economic development. Education, human

resource development and economic development, consumers, nutrition, food security, food safety and food quality. Choice

of appropriate organization for agricultural development. Savings and economic development. Instability in agriculture—price

and yield. State intervention in factor and product markets. Generation and mobilization of agricultural surpluses. Nature,

objectives and problems of resource (common property and private) use and environmental quality. Physical, economic and

institutional inter-relationships. Economics of ecosystem and environmental quality. Policy planning and programming for

resource use and environmental quality. New economic policy and agricultural/rural development-GATT/WTO and

Indian agricultural development.

Section 3: Public Finance and International Economics Public Finance: Public and private finance. General principles of public finance. Principle of maximum social advantage.

Public revenue. Incidence of tax and financial policies. Public expenditure and economic development. Balanced

and unbalanced budgets. Limitations of fiscal policies. Fiscal policy as an instrument of development. Structure of

development taxation. Public debt policy and economic development, international Economics: Principle of

comparative advantage. Factor endowment theory. Balance of payments. Problems of international monetary systems.

International. Foreign trade and foreign capital. Export promotion and input substitution. Past experiences and future

strategies.

69

Section 4: Farm Management Economics Definition of farm management and its relationship to technical and social sciences. Characteristics of modern farming.

Role and functions of farm management under Indian condition. Measurement of management. Measures of farm efficiency.

Cost concepts. Evaluation of farm assets and liabilities. Decision theory and decision making models. Decision making under

different knowledge situations. Tools and techniques in farm decision making. Farm planning and budgeting-sources

of data and illustration. Linear programming. Problem formulation in farm planning. Farm records and accounts. Farm

inventory with applications to farming enterprises. Farm cost accounting for managerial analysis. Management of farm

resources- land, labour, capital and machinery. Review of farm management research, education and extension in relation to

changing needs. Systems approach in agriculture. Farming systems, identification of farming system inputs and outputs, sub-

systems, and the circuitry connecting these systems. System analysis to find out needed changes in policies and

programmes.

Section 5: Agricultural Production Economics Nature and scope of agricultural production economics vis-a-vis farm management. Relative importance of farm production

economics and farm management in developed and developing countries. Economics of farm production—resource allocation

and use under static and dynamic conditions. Resource-product relationships in agriculture. Types of production functions.

General rules of their economics application. Technological change and production function analysis. Principles of choice and

allocation of resources. Resource combinations and cost minimization. Types of risks in agriculture, resource allocation and

enterprise combination under risk and different risk diffusion mechanism. Nature of costs and family farm theory. Returns to

scale and farm size. Derivation of cost and supply functions.

Section 6: Agricultural Finance and Co-operation Role of credit in agricultural and rural development. Estimates of agricultural credit requirements-investment, production,

marketing and consumption. Role of public and private sector banks, and co-operatives in development financing. Classification

of agricultural credit. Rural credit structure. Principles of agricultural finance and financial management. Agricultural finance as

a part of public finance. Agricultural taxation and subsidies, capital in agriculture and sources of capital. Credit and saving-legal

aspects of credit. Credit instruments. Farm planning as a basis for extension of agricultural credit. Nexus between commercial

banks and cooperative credit institutions. Recent innovations in extension of credit to agriculture. Rural credit supply and credit

gap. Multiagency approach and co-ordination of credit structure at different levels. Agricultural credit policy. Principles and

practices of co-operation. Successes and failures of cooperative sector in India. Credit and non-credit institutions. National

Federations of Co-operative Organizations. Review of reforms in co-operative structure. Single window approach in agricultural

input supply and output marketing. Bureaucracy and co-operatives. Management of co-operative institutions. Professionalization

of co-operatives. Revitalization of co-operative management. Role of co-operatives under new economic policy.

Section 7: Agricultural Marketing Nature and scope of marketing in a developing economy. Classification of markets. Problems of marketing agricultural

produce. Functions of marketing. Marketable surplus and marketed surplus. Channels of marketing agricultural produce and

price spread. Marketing institutions, their role and functions. Regulated markets and other state interventions in agricultural

marketing. Role of commission on agricultural costs and prices and parastatal organizations in agricultural marketing. Co-

operative marketing. Marketing practices and costs—marketing of grains, pulses, commercial crops, fruits, vegetables, livestock

and livestock products and inputs. Processing, transportation, storage and warehousing. Equity aspects of marketing. Marketing

efficiency. Marketing finance—methods and practices. Forward trading and speculation. Future markets. Market management.

Agricultural price analysis. Seasonal and spatial variations in prices in agricultural price policy. Agricultural exports—problems

and prospects.

Section 8: Agricultural Project Appraisal and Analysis Definition of project in agriculture. Need for project approach for agricultural development. Project cycle. Project identification

and formulation. Project appraisal—ex-ante and ex-post. Projection worth measures-discounting techniques. Project monitoring

and mid-course corrections. Project funding.

Section 9: Research Methodology Research and types of research. Agricultural economics research. Steps in agricultural economic research. Economic

data collection and analysis. Scientific report writing.

14.2 AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION

Section 1: Fundamentals of Extension Education and Teaching Methods Meaning and aims of education and their implications in extension education. Concept, process, meaning, objectives

and philosophy of extension education. Growth of extension education as a scientific discipline and profession. Conceptual and

philosophical similarities and dissimilarities among extension education, adult education and distance education. Earlier

extension efforts and their implications for India’s agricultural extension approaches. Comparative analysis of

agriculture extension approaches of USA, Japan, UK, China and Israel. Extension teaching and learning process.

Extension teaching methods and audio-visual aids— principles of selection, effective combinations, planning,

preparation and evaluation of audio-visual aids. Approaches of agricultural extension—farming systems research and

70

extension approach. Participatory rural appraisal. Emerging extension issues. Environmental protection. National and

international investment in extension. Privatization of extension service and implication of World Trade Organization for

extension service.

Section 2: Communication, Diffusion and Adoption of Innovations Concept, process and media of communication. Models and theories of communication. Credibility, fidelity, empathy

and feed back in communication. Role of mass media in disseminating farm technologies. Effective media mix for

rural audience. Concept, scope and theories of development of communication. Role of information support. Modern

communication technologies-electronic media, video-text, tele-text, teleconferencing, computer assisted instructions and

micro computers. Diffusion and adoption of innovation; models and theories—their limitations under Indian conditions. Role

of change agents in diffusion and adoption. Consequences of innovations. Strategies to diffuse innovations among

resource poor farmers. Basics of writing news stories, feature articles, popular and scientific articles, farm bulletins and

folders. Readability and comprehension testing procedures. Radio and TV journalism—script writing, layout design and

editing.

Section 3: Planning, Execution and Evaluation of Extension Programmes Importance, principles and processes of developing sound extension programme. Programme development as a social

action process. Types of plans. Role of Planning Commission. Formulation of Five-year Plans. Role of Panchayats in planning.

Need assessment techniques like Participatory Rural Appraisal and CONA (Community Oriented Need Assessment). Planning

techniques like PERT and CPM. Programme evaluation—meaning, principles, steps, techniques and criteria. Product-process

oriented evaluation. Critical analysis of various extension programmes for agricultural and rural development in India since

independence including reorganized agricultural extension system.

Section 4: Research Methodology Science and scientific approach. Characteristics of social research, hypothesis, types of variables and levels

of measurement. Validity and reliability. Different methods of data collection. Research design—meaning, purpose and

principles. Types of research designs—ex-post-facto research, field experiments, field studies, survey research, case

study methods. action research and participatory research. Computer software packages in social research. Principles

of analysis and interpretation.

Section 5: Rural Sociology, and Social and Educational Psychology Rural sociology and social psychology—their scope and importance. Characteristics of rural society. Socio-psychological

factors in extension work. Basic rural institutions. Process of social change. Concept and theories of rural leadership. Theories

of change-Kurt Lewin, Ogburn and Darwin, etc. Factors affecting change under rural settings. Concept and meaning of learning.

Philosophy of adult learning. Principles and theories of learning as applied to adult. Approaches and strategies of adult learning

as proposed by Paulo Freire, Ivan Illic and Malcom Knowle. Self planned individual learning. Distance education. Group and

community learning.

Section 6: Extension Management Nature and scope of management with reference to extension organization. Evolution of management thought. Various

approaches to organizational theories. Basic management issues in extension organizations. Genesis and growth of agricultural

extension administration with special reference to extension services in India. Major functions of extension management process.

Psychological factors in organization-needs, motives, work motivation, communication, leadership, behaviour and organizational

climate. Problems of extension management in India.

Section 7: Training for Development Training and education—concept, meaning and relationship. Types of training. Conceptual models of training and current

trends in training. Organizational developmental training planning, appraisal and need assessment. Training methods-case

methods, role playing, Psychodrama, sensitivity, lab, buzz groups, discussion, transactional analysis, and process work. Micro-

lab business games. Training facilities available in India and different categories of extension personnel and farmers. Concept,

need and prospectus of entrepreneurship developments. Entrepreneurial abilities, assessment and development. Project

designing and planning.

Section 8: Social Statistics Normal distribution. Tests and significance of differences. ANOVA. Correlation and regression—simple, partial and

multiple. Path analysis. Factor analysis. Sampling techniques.

14.3 AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS

Section 1: Statistical Methods I Elements of probability theory. Conditional probability. Bayes’ theorem. random variable. Mathematical expectation.

Moment generating and characteristic functions. Central limit theorem. Discrete distributions-binomial, Poisson, negative

binomial and hyper geometric. Continuous distributions-normal, chi-square, t, and F gamma, beta and Pearsonian type.

Bivariate normal distribution. Point estimation-unbiasedness, consistency, sufficiency and completeness. Minimum variance

unbiased estimate. Cramer-Rao and Rao-Blackwell theorems. Confidence interval estimation. Testing of hypothesis.

71

Two kinds of errors: Neyman-Pearson Lommae. Uniformly most powerful test and their construction. Unbiased test.

Likelihood ratio test. Tests of significance based on chi-square, t and F.

Section 2: Statistical Methods II Correlation, regression, partial and multiple correlation coefficient. Multiple regression. Intra-class correlation; Principle of

least squares. Linear estimation. Sequential and partial F-tests. Examination of residuals. Model adequacy. Selecting best

regression. Step-up and step-down methods. Multidisciplinary Watson test. Analysis of variance through regression approach.

Non-parametric tests—Run, Sign, Rank, Wilcoxin, Kruskal-Wallis, MannWhitney, Cochran and Freidman’s tests. Multivariate

normal distribution. Estimation of mean vector and dispersion matrix. Hotelling T-square and Mahalanobis D-

square. Application of principle component analysis. Discriminant analysis. Canonical correlations. Factor analysis.

MANOVA. Contingency tables; Two way and higher order interactions-defining Collapsing and pooling of higher order

contingency tables. Log linear models.

Section 3: Statistical Genetics I Statistical analysis of segregation and linkage. Gene and genotypic frequencies. Random mating and equilibriumin

large populations. Disequilibrium due to linkage for the pairs of genes and for sex linked genes. Selection, mutation

and migration. Equilibrium between forces in large population. Polymorphism. Fisher’s fundamental theorem of natural

selection. Regular system of inbreeding. Polygenic systems for quantitative characters. Concepts of breeding value and

dominance.

Section 4: Statistical Genetics II Genetic variance and its partitioning. Correlation between relatives. Effects of inbreeding. Epistasis. Genotype and

environment interaction. Estimation of heritability, repeatability and genetic correlation. Path coefficient analysis. Heterosis.

Concepts of general and specific combining abilities, Diallel crosses. Line x tester analysis. North Carolina designs. Response

due to selection. Prediction of response to individual, family and combined selections. Selection for improvement.

Section 5: Computer Applications Computer organizations. History of computers. Input/output units. Memory unit. Arithmetic and logic units. Control

unit. Internal representation of data. Monitoring systems (DOS, UNIX, WINDOWS). Programming in BASIC, data types;

assignment statement- Control statement. I/Q statements. Sub-programme. Programming in BASIC for elementary statistical

analysis.

Section 6: Design of Experiments I Linear models. Random, fixed and mixed effects. Gauss-Markoff theorem. Estimation and testing. Analysis of variance

of one-way and two way classifications. Analysis of non-orthogonal data of two-way classification. Principles of design of

experiments. Choice of plots and blocks and their sizes and shapes. Uniformity trial. Completely randomised design.

randomised block design. Latin square design. Factorial experiement-2n and en series and mixed factorial

experiments. Switch over trials. Confounding in 2" and 3" series. Split and strip-plot designs. Missing plot technique. Analysis

of covariance. Transformations of data.

Section 7: Design of Experiments II Estimation of variance components in random and mixed effects models. Nested and crossed classifications.

Fractional replications of symmetrical factorials. Confounding in 2' × 3" factorial experiments. Block designs. Balanced

incomplete block designs and their analysis with and without recovery of inter block information. Partially balanced incomplete

block designs with two associate classes, lattice designs; Younden squares. Response surface designs. Second order rotatable

designs. Evaluation of absolute and economic optimum in multi-factor experiments. Combined analysis of groups of

experiments. Experiments on cultivator fields.

Section 8: Sample Surveys I Sampling versus complete enumeration. Concept of probability sampling. Simple random sampling. Stratified

sampling. Allocation in stratified sampling. Choice of strata. Construction of strata boundaries. Deep stratification.

Collapsing of strata. Use of auxiliary information in sample survey. Ratio and regression methods of estimation. Cluster, two-

stage and multi-stage sampling. Systematic sampling.

Section 9: Sample Surveys II Sampling with unequal probabilities with and without replacement. Sampling schemes with inclusion probabilities

proportional to size (IPPS). Unbiased ratio and regression type of estimation. Double sampling and Sampling on successive

occasions. Inverse sampling. Non-sampling errors. Non-response in surveys. Interpenetrating sub-samples. Randomized response

techniques. Design and organization of pilot and large-scale survey. National sample surveys.

NOTE 4: The syllabus mentioned above is illustrative only. Questions relating to recent/current

developments taking place in agriculture and allied sciences in general and in the concerned subject

areas in particular can also be included in the question papers as may be deemed appropriate by subject-paper

experts.

72

ANNEXURE II

EXAMINATION CITY CENTRES AND NODAL OFFICERS CONTACT ADDRESSES

NAME OF THE EXAM CITY

CENTRE

CODE NO. NODAL OFFICER & CONTACT PHONE. NO.

CONTACT ADDRESS

ANAND 01 Director 0268-2578602

National Research Centre for Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Boriavi, Anand-387 310 Gujarat

BENGALURU 02 Director 080-28466353

Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake, Bangalore-560 089. Karnataka

BHOPAL 03 Director 0755-2737191 FAX:0755-2734016

Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabi Bagh, Barasia Road, Bhopal – 462 038 Madhya Pradesh

BHUBANESWAR 04 Director 0674-2300060

Water Technology Centre for Eastern Region, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023. Odisha

CHENNAI 07 Director 044-24617253

Central Institute of Brackish Water Aquaculture, R.A. Puram, Chennai-600 028, TN

NEW DELHI 10 Deputy Secretary (Edn) 011-25848033

Education Division, ICAR, KAB-II, Pusa New Delhi-110012

GUWAHATI 13 Dean 0361-2337700

College of Veterinary Science, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam

HYDERABAD 15 Director 040-24530177

Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad -500 059, AP

JAIPUR 17 Zonal Director 0141-2550229 Fax 0141-2550229 0184-2259009

Agricultural Research Station, Durgapura,(Research) Jaipur–302 018 (Rajasthan)

KOLKATA 22 Director 033-24711807

NIRJAFT, 12 Regent Park, Kolkata-700 040, West Bengal

LUDHIANA 25 Director 0161-2808669

Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engg. & Technology, P.O. PAU, Ludhiana-141 004. Punjab

MANNUTHY 26 Dean 0487-2370344

Veterinary College, KV&ASU, Mannuthy. Kerala

NAGPUR 29 Director 07103-275536

Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur-440 010, Maharashtra

PALAMPUR 30 Dean, PGS 01894-230408

CSKHPKVV, Palampur. Himachal Pradesh

PATNA 32 Director 0612-2223962

ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, ICAR Parisar, P.O. Bihar Veterinary College, Patna-800 014. Bihar

PUNE 34 Dean 020-25537033/38

College of Agriculture, Shivajinagar, Pune-5, Maharashtra

Note:

The exact name/location of Examination venue in the Examination city Centre will be notified later along with the Roll Number in accordance with the Application Number and Date of Birth and shall be available on ICAR website www.icar.org.in after 3

rd week of March 2013

ICAR may change/shift the Examination City Center if number of candidates is more/less at any City Center opted by the candidate.

73

ANNEXURE III

Employment status of in-service candidates

Institutes/Agric. Universities/Other Code

Number

ICAR Institutes and ICAR Institute based Deemed-to-be

Universities

01

State Agricultural Universities including Veterinary/Horticulture/ Fisheries Universities, CAU and CUs having faculty of agriculture

02

Central Government Departments dealing in agriculture and allied

sectors

03

State Government Departments dealing in agriculture and allied

sectors

04

Public Sector Undertaking dealing in agriculture and allied sectors 05

Any other Govt. organization 06

74

Annexure-IV

Physical Disability/PH Certificate

Name & Address of the Institute/Hospital:

Certificate No.______________ Date:

This is certified that Shri/Smt/Kum_______________________________son /wife/daughter of

Shri_______________________________age_____________sex____________identification

mark(s)_______________is suffering from permanent disability of following category:

A. Locomotor or cerebral palsy: i. BL-Both legs affected but not arms. ii. BA-Both arms affected

a. Impaired reach b. Weakness of grip

iii. BLA-Both legs and both arms affected iv. OL-One leg affected(right or left)

a. Impaired reach b. Weakness of grip c. Ataxic

v. OA-One arm affected a. Impaired reach b. Weakness of grip c. Ataxic

vi. BH-Stiff back and hips(cannot sit or stoop) vii. MW-Muscular weakness and limited physical endurance

B. Blindness or Low Vision

i. B-Blind ii. PB-Partially Blind

C. Hearing impairment

i. D-Deaf ii. PD-Partially Deaf

(Delete the category whichever is not applicable)

2. This condition is progressive/non-progressive/likely to improve/not likely to improve. Re-assessment of this case is not recommended/is recommended after a period of _______________ years _________ months.*

3. Sh./Smt./Kum …………………………………….. meets the following physical requirements for discharge of his/her duties:-

i. F-can perform work by manipulating with fingers. Yes/ No ii. PP-can perform by pulling and pushing. Yes/No iii. L-can perform work by lifting. Yes/No iv. KC-can perform work by kneeling and crouching. Yes /No v. B-can perform work by bending. Yes/No vi. S-can perform work by sitting. Yes/No vii. ST-can perform work by standing. Yes/No viii. W-can perform work by walking. Yes/No

Affix Passport

size photograph

here

75

ix. SE-can perform work by seeing. Yes/No x. H-can perform work by hearing/speaking. Yes/No xi. RW-can perform work by reading and writing. Yes/No

*Strike out which is not applicable. (Dr.__________________) (Dr.________________) (Dr.________________________) Reg No. Reg.No. Reg No. Member Member Chairperson Medical Board Medical Board Medical Borad

Countersigned by the Medical Superintendent/CMO /Head of Hospital(With Seal)

Recent attested Photograph showing the disability affixed here Medical authority competent to issue such a certificate in the district of the applicant’s residence/the concerned medical authority in a Government Hospital where he/she may be undergoing or may have undergone treatment in connection with his/her disability.

76

ANNEXURE-V

Universities along with the Contact Details of Registrars for Seeking Admission after the Award of SRF

(PGS)

S. No. Name & Address of University Tel. No. of Registrar Fax No. of with STD Code Registrar

A. ICAR INSTITUTE BASED DEEMED-TO-BE UNIVERSITIES

1. Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-400 061 022-26363404 022-26361 573 (Maharashtra)

2. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012 011-25733 390 011-258442494

3. Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122 (U.P.) 0581-2301 375 0581-2302 179 2302 536 2303 284

4. National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001 (Haryana) 0184-2259 008 0184-2250 042 0184-2259574 0184-2272392

B. STATE AGRICULTURAL/ VETERINARY UNIVERSITIES

5. Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, 040-24015 122 040-24018 653 Hyderabad-500 030 (A.P.)

6. Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 110 (Gujarat) 02692-261 310 02692-261 310

7. Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-785013 (Assam) 0376-2340 008 0376-2340 001

8. Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, 033-25878 163 03473-222 273 Nadia-741 252 (West Bengal)

9. Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour Distt. Bhagalpur813210 (Bihar) 06274-240239 0641-2452604

10. Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi-834006. (Jharkhand) 0651-2450 832 0651-2450 832

11. Ch. Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, 01894-230 383 01894-230 511 Palampur, Kangra-176 062 (H.P.)

12. C.S. Azad University of Agri. & Technology, Kanpur-208 002 (U.P.) 0512-2533 704 0512-2533 808

13. Ch. Charan Singh Haryana Agril. University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana) 01662-234 613 01662-234 613

14. Chhattisgarh Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya,

Camp Office: College of Dairy Technology, Anjora, Durg-491001 (C.G.) 0771-2103471 -

15. Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, 02358-282 065 02358-283065 Distt. Ratnagiri-415 712 (Maharashtra) 02358-282074

16. Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Krushinagar, 0724-2258 372 0724-2258372 Akola-444 104 (Maharashtra)

17. Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar Univ. of Horticulture & Forestry, 01792-252 219 01792-252 009 Solan, Nauni-173 230 (H.P.)

18. Dr. Y. S. R. Horticultural University, D. C. C. Bank Building, 08816-284445 02692-261 520 P.B. No. 7, Tadepalligudem-534101, West Godawari Distt. (A.P.)

19. Guru Angad Dev Vety. & Animal Sciences University, 0161-2553 342 0161-2553343 Ludhiana -141 004 (Punjab)

20. G.B. Pant University of Agri. & Technology, Pantnagar, 05944-233 640 05944-233 640 Distt. Udham Singh Nagar-263 145 (Uttarakhand) 233 473

21. Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Krishak Nagar, 0771-2442 537 0771-2442 302 Raipur-492 012 (Chhattisgarh)

22. Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Adhartal, 0761-2481 778 0761-2481 778 Jabalpur-482 004 (M.P.)

23. Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh-362 001 (Gujarat) 0285-2672 346 0285-2672 482

24. Karnataka Veterinary Animal & Fisheries Sciences University, 08482-245 107 08482-245 106 Nandinagar, Bidar-554 001. (Karnataka).

77

S. No. Name & Address of University Tel. No. of Registrar Fax No. of with STD Code Registrar

25. Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikara, 0487-2371 619 0487-2370 019 Thrissur-680 656 (Kerala) 2370 432

26. Kerala Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, 0487-2373644 0487-2373043 Pookot Wayanad -673576 (Kerala)

27. Kerala University of Fisheries & Ocean Studies, 0484-2703782 0484-2700337 Panangad P.O., Kochi - 682506, (Kerala)

28. Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science 01662-289065 01662-289065

Hisar (Haryana)

29. Madhya Pradesh Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Viswavidyalaya, 0761-2620783 0761-2620783 Jabalpur-482001 (MP) 0761-2678007

30. Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology, 0294-2471 302 0294-2471 302 Udaipur-313 001 (Rajasthan)

31. Maharashtra Animal & Fishery Sciences University, 0712-2511784/85 0712-2511282 Seminary Hills, Nagpur-440 006 (Maharashtra)

32. Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri-413 722 (Maharashtra) 02426-243216 02426-243216

33. Manyavar Shri Kanshiram Ji University of Agriculture & Technology 05192-221602 05192-221605 Banda-210001 (UP)

34. Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani-431 402 (Maharashtra) 02452-229 755 02452-229 755

35. Narendra Dev University of Agri. and Technology, Kumarganj, 05270-262 035 05270-262 104 Faizabad-224 229 (Uttar Pradesh)

36. Navsari Agricultural University, Eru Char Rasta, Vijalpore, 02637-282 823 02637-283794 Navsari-396 450 (Gujarat)

37. Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology, Siripur, 0674-2397424 0674-2397424 Bhubaneswar, Khurda, 751 003 (Odisha)

38. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004 (Punjab) 0161-2400 955 0161-2400955

39. Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, 0151-2250025 0151-2250025 Bikaner-334 006 (Rajasthan)

40. Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur-848 125 (Bihar) 06274-240 239 06274-240277

41. Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, 0751-2467066 0751-2467066 Race Course Road, Gwalior-474 002 (M.P.)

42. Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bijay Bhawan 0151-2540028 0151-2549348 Palace Complex, Bikaner-334006 (Rajasthan) 0151-2543419

43. Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel Univ. Of Agriculture & Technology, 0121-2888502 0121-2888525 Modipuram, Meerut-250 110 (U.P.)

44. Sardarkrushinagar-Dantiwada Agricultural University, 02748-278 226 02748-278 234 Sardarkrushinagar, Dantiwada, Distt. Banaskantha-385 506 (Gujarat)

45. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agril. Sciences & Technology, 0191-2262012 0191-2262012 Railway Road, Jammu-180 012 (J&K)

46. Sher-E-Kashmir Univ. of Agril. Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, 0194-2461 271 0194-2461 271 Shalimar, Srinagar-191 121 (J&K)

47. Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Regional Library Building, 0877-2248 894 0877-2249222 Tirupati, Chittoor-517 502 (AP)

48. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu) 0422-6611201 0422-2431821

49. Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Nagapattinam, Camp Office, 09442551957 09486553374

Madras Veterinary College, Vepery, Chennai-600007(Tamil Nadu)

50. Tamil Nadu Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, 044-25551 584 044-25551 585 Chennai-600 051 (Tamil Nadu)

78

S. No. Name & Address of University Tel. No. of Registrar Fax No. of with STD Code Registrar

51. University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005 (Karnataka) 0836-2747 958 0836-2745276

52. University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru-560 065 080-23330 984 080-23330 277 (Karnataka)

53. University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, 08182-270705 08182-277729 No. 126, Navile, Shimoga -577204 (Karnataka) 08182-279263 54. University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur-584102. Karnataka. 08532-220157 08532-220360

55. University of Horticultural Sciences, Sector No. 60, Navanagar, 08354-201351 08354-235152 Bagalkot-587102. Karnataka.

56. UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwa 0565-2470199 0565-2470819 Vidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura-281 001 (U.P.) 0565-2471288

57. Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, P.O. Pundibari, 03582-270 588 03582-270 143 Dist. Cooch Behar-736 165 (West Bengal)

58. Uttarakhand University of Horticulture & Forestry, Bharsar, 01348-226070 01348-226058

Pauri Garhwal (Uttarakhand)

59. West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, 033-2556 3123 033-25571986 68 KB Sarani, Belgachia, Kolkata-700 037(West Bengal)

C. CENTRAL AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

60. Central Agricultural University, P.O. Box 23, Imphal-795 004 (Manipur) 0385-2410644 0385–2415 196

D. CENTRAL UNIVERSITIES WITH AGRICULTURE FACULTY

61. Aligarh Muslim University (Faculty Of Agricultural Sciences), 0571-2700 220 0571-2700 528 Anoop Sahar Road, Aligarh-202 002 (U.P.)

62. Banaras Hindu University (Institute of Agricultural Sciences), 0542-2368558 0542-2368 418 Varanasi-221 005 (U.P.).Dy. Registrar (Dev.)Dy. Registrar (Exam)

63. Nagaland University (School of Agril. Sciences & 03862-247 255 03862-247113 Rural Development), Medziphema-797 106 (Nagaland)

64. Visva Bharati (Palli Siksha Bhavana), (Bolpur) 03463-261531 03463-261 156 P.O. Sriniketan-731 236 (West Bengal) 03463-264 779

E. DEEMED-TO-BE-UNIVERSITIES

65. Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences 05322684281 0532-2684394 Naini, Allahabad-211 007 (U.P.) 0532-2684781

79

ANNEXURE-VI

Proforma of Caste Certificate for

Scheduled Caste/Tribe Candidate

1. This is to certify that Shri/Smt/Kumari .............................................. Date of Birth ......................... Son/Daughter

of................................................of village/town ....................................... in District/Division of State/Union

Territory ..................... belongs to the ............................ Caste/Tribe which is recognized as SC/ST under: The

Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950. The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950.The

Constitution (Scheduled Castes) (Union Territories) Order, 1951. The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) (Union

Territories) Order. 1951,

[As amended by the SCs And STs Lists (Modification) Order. 1956; The Bombay Reorganisation Act, 1960;

The Punjab Reorganization Act, 1966; The State Of HP Act, 1970; The North Eastern Areas (Reorganisation)

Act, 1971; The SCs and STs Order (Amendment) Act, 1976 and The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes

Orders (Amendment) Act, 2002].

The Constitution (Jammu & Kashmir) SC Order, 1956. The Constitution (Andaman & Nicobar Islands) SC

Order 1959 as amended by SCs and STs Order (Amendment) Act, 1976. The Constitution (Dadra And Nagar

Haveli) SCs Order, 1962. The Constitution (Dadra And Nagar Haveli) STs Order, 1962. The Constitution

(Pondicherry) SCs Order, 1964. The Constitution Scheduled Tribes (Uttar Pradesh) Order. 1967. The

Constitution (Goa, Daman & Diu) SCs Order, 1968. The Constitution (Goa, Daman & Diu) STs Order, 1968.

The Constitution (Nagaland) STs Order. 1970. The Constitution (Sikkim) SCs Order, 1968. The Constitution

(Sikkim) STs Order, 1968. The Constitution (Jammu and Kashmir) Scheduled Tribes Order, 1989; The

Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order (Amendment) Act, 1990; The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order

(Amendment) Act, 1991; The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Second Amendment) Act, 1991. 2. Shri/Smt/Kumari .................................................................. and/or his/her family ordinarily reside(s) in Village/

Town ................................. of District .................................... of State/Union Territory of .......................................

3. Applicable in the case of SC/ST persons who have migrated from State/Union Territory Administration to another State/Union Territory.

The certificate is issued on the basis of the SC/ST Certificate to Shri/Smt. ..........................................

father/mother of Shri/Smt/Kumari ................................................. of Village/Town ...............................................

in District/Division ......................................................... of the State/Union Territory ...........................................

who belongs to the .............................................. Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe in the State/Union Territory

issued by the .......................................... (Name of the prescribed authority) vide No ....................... Dated

..................................

Signature

Designation (With Seal of Office)

Place ................................. (State/Union Territory)

Date .....................................

*Please delete the words which are not applicable. Please quote specific Presidential Order.

Note: The term ordinarily reside(s) used here will have the same meaning as in section 20 of the Representation of

the People Act, 1950.

80

List of Authorities Empowered to Issue SC/ST Certificates

1. District Magistrate/Additional District Magistrate/Collector/Deputy Commissioner/Additional Deputy

Commissioner/Deputy Collector/1st Class Stipendiary Magistrate/City Magistrate/Sub-divisional

Magistrate/Taluka Magistrate/Executive Magistrate/Extra Assistant Commissioner not below the rank of 1st

class Stipendiary Magistrate.

2. Chief Presidency Magistrate/Additional Chief Presidency Magistrate/Presidency Magistrate

3. Revenue Officers not below the rank of Tehsildar

4. Sub-divisional Officer of the area where the candidate and/or his family normally resides

5. Administrator/Secretary to Administrator/Development Officer (Lakshadweep Islands)

Certificate issued by any other authority will be rejected.

81

ANNEXURE-VII

Proforma of Certificate to be Produced by Other Backward Classes (OBC) Applying for Admission to Central Educational Institutions (CEIs), Under the Government of India

This is to certify that Shri/Smt./Kum. ............................................................................................... Son/Daughter of Shri/Smt. ........................................................................................ of Village/Town.................................................... District/Division .......................................................in the.................................................... State belongs to the ................................................ Community which is recognized as a backward class under:

(i) Resolution No. 12011/68/93-BCC(C) dated 10/09/93 published in the Gazette of India Extraordinary Part I Section I No186 dated 13/09/93.

(ii) Resolution No. 12011/9/94-BCC dated 19/10/94 published in the Gazette of India Extraordinary Part I Section I No. 163 Dated 20/10/94.

(iii) Resolution No. 12011/7/95-BCC dated 24/05/95 published in the Gazette of India Extraordinary Part I Section I No. 88 Dated 25/05/95.

(iv) Resolution No. 12011/96/94-BCC dated 9/03/96. (v) Resolution No. 12011/44/96-BCC dated 6/12/96 published in the Gazette of India Extraordinary Part I Section

I No. 210 Dated 11/12/96. (vi) Resolution No. 12011/13/97-BCC dated 03/12/97. (vii) Resolution No. 12011/99/94-BCC dated 11/12/97. (viii) Resolution No. 12011/68/98-BCC dated 27/10/99. (ix) Resolution no. 12011/88/98-bcc dated 6/12/99 published in the Gazette of India Extraordinary Part I Section I

No. 270 dated 06/12/99. (x) Resolution no. 12011/36/99-bcc dated 04/04/2000 published in the Gazette of India Extraordinary Part I

Section I No. 71 dated 04/04/2000. (xi) Resolution no. 12011/44/99-bcc Dated 21/09/2000 published in the Gazette of India Extraordinary Part I

Section I No. 210 dated 21/09/2000. (xii) Resolution no. 12015/9/2000-bcc dated 06/09/2001. (xiii) Resolution no. 12011/1/2001-bcc dated 19/06/2003. (xiv) Resolution no. 12011/4/2002-bcc dated 13/01/2004. (xv) Resolution no. 12011/9/2004-bcc dated 16/01/2006 published in the Gazette of India Extraordinary Part I

Section I No. 210 dated 16/01/2006. (xvi) Resolution no. 12011/14/2004-bcc dated the 12th March, 2007, published in the Gazette of India-

Extraordinary-Part I, Section 0-I, No.67 dated 12th January, 2007. (xvii) Resolution No. 12015/2/2007-BCC dated 18/08/2010. (xviii) Resolution No. 12015/13/2010-BCC dated 08/12/2011. Shri/Smt./Kum.................................................................................and/or his family ordinarily reside(s) in the ..............................................................District/Division of................................................................State. This is also to certify that he/she does not belong to the persons/sections (Creamy Layer) mentioned in Column 3 of the Schedule to the Government of India, Department of Personnel & Training O.M. No. 36012/22/93-Estt.(SCT) Dated 08/09/93 which is modified vide OM No. 36033/3/2004 Estt.(Res.) dated 09/03/2004, further modified vide OM No. 36033/3/2004-Estt. (Res.) dated 14/10/2008 or the latest notification of the Government of India. Dated:………...…………….

District Magistrate/ Deputy commissioner, etc.

Seal

82

Note:

(a) The term ‘Ordinarily’ used here will have the same meaning as in Section 20 of the Representation of the People Act, 1950. (b) The authorities competent to issue Caste Certificates are indicated below:

(i) District Magistrate / Additional Magistrate / Collector / Deputy Commissioner / Additional Deputy Commissioner / Deputy Collector / Ist Class Stipendiary Magistrate / Sub-Divisional Magistrate / Taluka Magistrate / Executive Magistrate / Extra Assistant Commissioner (Not Below The Rank of I

st Class

Stipendiary Magistrate).

(ii) Chief Presidency Magistrate / Additional Chief Presidency Magistrate / Presidency Magistrate.

(iii) Revenue Officer not below the rank of Tehsildar and

(iv) Sub-Divisional Officer of the area where the candidate and/or his family resides.

Declaration/undertaking - for OBC candidates only

I, .................................................................son/daughter of Shri ............................................................... resident of

Village/Town/City......................................District ...................................State hereby declare that I belong to

the..................................Community which is recognized as a Backward Class by the Government of India for the

purpose of reservation in services as per orders contained in Department of Personnel and Training Office

Memorandum No.36012/22/93- Estt.(SCT), dated 8/9/1993. It is also declared that I do not belong to

persons/Sections (Creamy Layer) mentioned in Column 3 of The Schedule to the above referred Office

Memorandum, Dated 8/9/1993, which is Modified vide Department of Personnel and Training Office Memorandum

no.36033/3/2004 Estt.(Res.) Dated 9/3/2004.

Signature of the Candidate Place: ................................... Date: .....................................

• Declaration/undertaking not signed by candidate will be rejected.

• False declaration will render the applicant liable for termination of registration at any time.

Creamy Layer Definition

OBC Creamy layer is defined comprehensively at http://ncbc.nic.in/html/creamylayer.html

All candidates for the OBC reserved seats should make sure that they do not satisfy any of the creamy layer criteria

as listed in the website. Some general exclusion for quick reference (no way comprehensive) are as follows.

1. Any of the parents holds a constitutional position in Govt. of India

2. Any one of the parents is a class I officer.

3. Both the parents are class II officers.

4. Any one of the parents is employed in an equivalent rank to class I officer or both parents equivalent to class

II officer in a public sector, insurance companies, banks, universities or in other organizations

5. Land holdings on irrigated land is 85% or more of the statutory ceiling area.

6. Parents income is more than Rs. 4.5 lakhs per year or Government of India directives applicable at the time

of last date of receipt of application.

83

Annexure VIII

Domicile State Codes for SRF (PGS)*

State or Union Territory Code No.

Andaman & Nicobar islands (UT) 01

Andhra Pradesh 02

Arunachal Pradesh 03

Assam 04

Bihar 05

Chandigarh (UT) 06

Chhatisgarh 07

Dadra & Nagar Haveli, (UT) 08

Daman & Diu (UT) 09

Delhi 10

Goa 11

Gujarat 12

Haryana 13

Himachal Pradesh 14

Jammu & Kashmir 15

Jharkhand 16

Karnataka 17

Kerala 18

Lakshadweep (UT) 19

Madhya Pradesh 20

Maharashtra 21

Manipur 22

Meghalaya 23

Mizoram 24

Nagaland 25

Odisha 26

Puducherry (UT) 27

Punjab 28

Rajasthan 29

Sikkim 30

Tamil Nadu 31

Tripura 32

Uttar Pradesh 33

Uttarakhand 34

West Bengal 35

Others (if any) 36

* Required to be filled in Online application

84

Annexure-IX

List of SAUs/DUs/CAU/CUs from where graduated/post graduated*

Sl.No.

State Agricultural Universities Code Name Code

1. Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-785 013 AAU 01

2. Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad-500 030 ANGRAU 02

3. Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati-517 502 SVV 03

4. Andhra Pradesh University of Horticulture, Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari - 534 101 ( A.P.)

APUH 04

5. Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa-848 125 RAU(P) 05

6. Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur-492 012 IGKVV 06

7. Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 110 AND 07

8. Junagarh Agricultural University, Junagarh JAU 08

9. Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari-396 450 NAU 09

10. Sardar Krushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Dantiwada-385 506 SDA 10

11. Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 CCSHAU 11

12. Ch. Sarwan Kumar HP Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya, Palampur-176 062 HPKVV 12

13. Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan-173 230 YSPUH&FS 13

14. Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu-180 004 SKUAS&T-J 14

15. Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Srinagar-191121 SKUAS&T-S 15

16. Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi-834 006 BAU 16

17. University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore-560 065 UAS(B) 17

18. University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005 UAS(D) 18

19. Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar-585 401 KVA 19

20. Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur-680 656 KAU 20

21. Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur-482 004 JNKVV 21

22. Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Gwalior - 474 002 , M.P. RVSKV 22

23. Dr Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli-415 712 KKV 23

24. Maharashtra Animal & Fisheries Sciences University, Nagpur-440 006 MA&FSU 24

25. Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani-431 402 MAU 25

26. Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri-413 722 MPKV 26

27. Dr Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Akola-444 104 PDKV 27

28. Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneshwar-751 003 OUA&T 28

29. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004 PAU 29

30. Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141 004

GADVASU 30

31. Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology, Udaipur-313 001 MPAU 31

32. Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner-334 002 RAU(B) 32

33. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 TNAU 33

34. Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai-600 051 TNVASU 34

35. Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, 36 Kanpur-208 002

CSAUA&T 35

36. UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwa Vidyalaya, Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura-281 001

PDDPCVVV 36

37. Acharya Narendradeo University of Agriculture &Technology, Faizabad-224 229 NDUA&T 37

38. Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel University of Agriculture &Technology, Modipuram, Meerut-250 110

SVBPUAT 38

39. Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263 145

GBPUA&T 39

40. Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252 BCKVV 40

41. Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Coochbehar-736 165 UBKVV 41

42. West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata-700 037 WBUA&FS 42

43. Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi-682 506 KUFOS 43

44. Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences Unive rsity, Pookot, Wayanad-673 576 KV&ASU 44

45. Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar, (Haryana) LLRUVAS 45

46. Rajasthan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Bijay Bhawan Palace Complex, Near Pt. Deendayal Circle, Bikaner - 334 006 (Rajasthan)

RUV&AS 46

47. Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour – 813210, Bhagalpur BAU 47

48. Madhya Pradesh Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur-482 004 MPPCVV 48

49. University of Horticultural Sciences, Sector # 60, Navanagar, Bagalkot-587 102 UHS 49

85

Sl.No.

State Agricultural Universities Code Name Code

50. University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur-584102 UAS 50

51. Manyavar Shri Kanshiram ji University of Agriculture & Technology, Banda-210001(U.P)

MSKJUAT 51

52. Uttarakhand University of Horticulture & Forestry, Bharsar, Pauri Garhwal (Uttarakhand)

UUHF 52

53. Chhattisgarh Kamdhenu Vishwavidhyalaya, Raipur-492012 CKV 53

54. Tamil Nadu Fisheries University ,Nagapattinam, Camp Office Madras Veterinary College Veperi , Chennai-600007(Tamil Nadu)

TNFU 54

55. University of Agricultural and Horticultural Science , No. 126, Navile, Shimoga-577204(Karnataka)

UAH 55

ICAR Deemed-to- be Universities

56. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi- 110 012 IARI 56

57. Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly IVRI 57

58. National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001 NDRI 58

59. Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-400 061 CIFE 59

Deemed- to- be Universities

60. Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology & Sciences, Naini, Allahabad-211 007

SHIATS 60

Central Universities having faculty of Agriculture

61. Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh AMU 61

62. Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi BHU 62

63. Visva Bharati (Palli Siksha Bhavana), P.O. Sriniketan – 731 236, Birbhum VISWA 63

64. Nagaland University (School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development) Medziphema-797 106

NU 64

Central Agricultural University

65. Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur-795 004 UUHF 65

66. Others OTH 99

* Required to be filled in Online application

86

Annexure-X A

Stream in Post Graduate Degree*

Stream in Postgraduate degree Code No.

Agriculture 01

Agricultural Coop. & Marketing 02

Basic Sciences 03

Dairy Science/Technology 04

Engineering/Technology 05

Fisheries 06

Forestry 07

Home Science 08

Horticulture 09

Veterinary Science 10

Sericulture 11

Computer Science 12

Biotechnology 13

Food Science 14

Any other (specify) 15

Annexure-X B

College of Postgraduation*

College from where post-graduation was done Code

College of Agriculture 01

College of Horticulture 02

College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 03

College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology 04

College of Forestry 05

College of Fisheries 06

College of Home Science 07

College of Basic Sciences and Humanities 08

Others 09

* Required to be filled in Online application

87

OFFICE COPY

ADMIT CARD

(To be positively submitted with confirmation copy of Online Application) Application No.

INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan-II, Pusa, New Delhi-110012

All India Competitive Examination, SRF (PGS) – 2013, for ICAR’s Senior Research Fellowship to pursue Ph.D. Degree Programmes in Agriculture & Allied Sciences

MAJOR SUBJECT GROUP NAME ……………………………………………………………………….. SUB-SUBJECT GROUP NAME ………………………………………………………………………..

MAJOR SUBJECT CODE NO. SUB-SUBJECT CODE NO.

Roll No:

Name and Address of Candidate Date of Exam: 21.04.2013 (Sunday) …………………………………………………… Duration: Paper-I 10:00 AM to 11:30 AM (1½ hrs) ……………………………………………………. Duration: Paper-II 02:00 PM to 04:30 PM (2½ hrs) …………………………………………………. Reporting Time: 30 minutes before the start of examination ……………………………………………………. No Entry After: 30 minutes after the start of examination The candidate cannot leave before 11:30 AM/04:30 PM

Name of Exam City Centre: Code of Exam City Centre: Venue : Thumb Impression : Signature of the Candidate :

Controller of Exams (Edn)

See reverse for important instructions

Recent passport size

colour photograph

(3.5 x 4.5 cm) same

as on Application

Form to be pasted

and attested by

Dean/Gazetted

Officer

88

INSTRUCTIONS FOR CANDIDATES

1. This Admit Card allows admission of candidate in the examination hall subject to the condition that if ineligibility is

detected at any stage, the candidature will be cancelled.

2. Entry to the Examination Hall without Admit Card is not permitted.

3. Particulars in the Admit Card must be checked carefully. Errors, if any, must be reported immediately to the

Examination cell ICAR/Nodal Officer.

4. No paper other than Admit Card should be brought inside the examination hall. Cell phones, electronic device

etc. and any pre-written material are strictly prohibited in the examination hall.

5. Candidate will not be permitted entry 30 minutes after the actual time of start of examination. No extra time will be given to candidates entering after the actual time of start of examination.

6. Bring the clear colour attested photograph same as pasted on Confirmation copy of online Application to be

handed over to the invigilator in case it is demanded. ICAR reserves all rights to verify the identity and

genuineness of each candidate by any means that is considered appropriate.

7. Bring at least one black/blue ball-point pen for writing /marking responses.

8. Do not attempt to give/obtain assistance of any kind. Any improper conduct of the candidate in the examination

hall will entail forfeiture of candidature besides other legal action desirable.

9. Impersonation or attempt to impersonate would invite forfeiture of the candidature.

10. Any attempt to remove pages from the Question Booklet or noting down questions will result in forfeiture of

candidature.

11. Do not put stray marks on the OMR answer sheet. Change of OMR Answer sheet is not permitted. Please

ensure that you do not spoil the answer sheet.

12. To answer questions, darken the corresponding circle/bubble which is most appropriate in your opinion.

13. For each correct response, one mark will be awarded. For each incorrect response, 0.25 mark will be deducted in

case of Paper-I. No marks will be deducted for questions not attempted. More than one answer will be taken as

incorrect response.

14. Admit Card must be preserved for any further identity verification by the admitting University.

15. Failure to comply with these instructions will entail expulsion/cancellation of candidature and may invite further

legal action.

16. The city of examination shall not be changed as filled by the candidate in the Online application. The venue of

examination centre and Roll No. may be seen on website www.icar.org.in after 3rd week of March 2013 or with

the Nodal Officer of the same city (two days before the examination date).

89

CANDIDATE COPY

ADMIT CARD

(To be retained by the candidate)

Application No.

INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan-II, Pusa, New Delhi-110012

All India Competitive Examination, SRF (PGS) – 2013, for ICAR’s Senior Research Fellowship to pursue Ph.D. Degree Programmes in Agriculture & Allied Sciences

MAJOR SUBJECT GROUP NAME ……………………………………………………………………….. SUB-SUBJECT GROUP NAME ………………………………………………………………………..

MAJOR SUBJECT CODE NO. SUB-SUBJECT CODE NO.

Roll No:

Name and Address of Candidate Date of Exam: 21.04.2013 (Sunday) …………………………………………………… Duration: Paper-I 10:00 AM to 11:30 AM (1½ hrs) ……………………………………………………. Duration: Paper-II 02:00 PM to 04:30 PM (2½ hrs) …………………………………………………. Reporting Time: 30 minutes before the start of examination ……………………………………………………. No Entry After: 30 minutes after the start of examination The candidate cannot leave before 11:30 AM/04:30 PM

Name of Exam City Centre: Code of Exam City Centre: Venue : Thumb Impression : Signature of the Candidate :

Controller of Exams (Edn)

See reverse for important instructions

Recent passport size

colour photograph

(3.5 x 4.5 cm) same

as on Application

Form to be pasted

and attested by

Dean/Gazetted

Officer

90

INSTRUCTIONS FOR CANDIDATES

1. This Admit Card allows admission of candidate in the examination hall subject to the condition that if ineligibility is

detected at any stage, the candidature will be cancelled.

2. Entry to the Examination Hall without Admit Card is not permitted.

3. Particulars in the Admit Card must be checked carefully. Errors, if any, must be reported immediately to the

Examination cell ICAR/Nodal Officer.

4. No paper other than Admit Card should be brought inside the examination hall. Cell phones, electronic device

etc. and any pre-written material are strictly prohibited in the examination hall.

5. Candidate will not be permitted entry 30 minutes after the actual time of start of examination. No extra time will be given to candidates entering after the actual time of start of examination.

6. Bring the clear colour attested photograph same as pasted on Confirmation copy of online Application to be

handed over to the invigilator in case it is demanded. ICAR reserves all rights to verify the identity and

genuineness of each candidate by any means that is considered appropriate.

7. Bring at least one black/blue ball-point pen for writing /marking responses.

8. Do not attempt to give/obtain assistance of any kind. Any improper conduct of the candidate in the examination

hall will entail forfeiture of candidature besides other legal action desirable.

9. Impersonation or attempt to impersonate would invite forfeiture of the candidature.

10. Any attempt to remove pages from the Question Booklet or noting down questions will result in forfeiture of

candidature.

11. Do not put stray marks on the OMR answer sheet. Change of OMR Answer sheet is not permitted. Please

ensure that you do not spoil the answer sheet.

12. To answer questions, darken the corresponding circle/bubble which is most appropriate in your opinion.

13. For each correct response, one mark will be awarded. For each incorrect response, 0.25 mark will be deducted in

case of Paper-I. No marks will be deducted for questions not attempted. More than one answer will be taken as

incorrect response.

14. Admit Card must be preserved for any further identity verification by the admitting University.

15. Failure to comply with these instructions will entail expulsion/cancellation of candidature and may invite further

legal action.

16. The city of examination shall not be changed as filled by the candidate in the Online application. The venue of

examination centre and Roll No. may be seen on website www.icar.org.in after 3rd week of March 2013 or with

the Nodal Officer of the same city (two days before the examination date).

91

Syndicate Bank Challan Proforma

[SRF(PGS)-2013] Fee Deposit Challan

[SRF(PGS)-2013] Fee Deposit Challan

[SRF(PGS)-2013] Fee Deposit Challan

(Bank's Copy)

(Candidate's Copy)

(ICAR's Copy)

ICAR, Education Division, KAB-II, Pusa, New Delhi ICAR, Education Division, KAB-II, Pusa, New Delhi ICAR, Education Division, KAB-II, Pusa, New Delhi

Syndicate Bank, Payable at all Branches of Syndicate Bank in India (During 26.12.2012 to 15.02.2013 and for remote areas up to

22.02.2013)

Syndicate Bank, Payable at all Branches of Syndicate Bank in India (During 26.12.2012 to 15.02.2013 and for remote

areas up to 22.02.2013)

Syndicate Bank, Payable at all Branches of Syndicate Bank in India (During 26.12.2012 to 15.02.2013 and for remote

areas up to 22.02.2013)

Name of the Branch…………………………

Name of the Branch…………………………

Name of the Branch………………………….

Branch Code No…………………………….

Branch Code No…………………………….

Branch Code No……………………………..

Beneficiary Name : ICAR Unit-Education Division, ICAR New Delhi.

Beneficiary Name : ICAR Unit-Education Division, ICAR New Delhi

Beneficiary Name : ICAR Unit-Education Division, ICAR New Delhi

Beneficiary's Bank Account No.:24133050000020

Beneficiary's Bank Account No.:24133050000020

Beneficiary's Bank Account No.: 24133050000020

Beneficiary's Branch: KAB, Pusa, MICR-110025166

Beneficiary's Branch: KAB, Pusa, MICR-110025166

Beneficiary's Branch: KAB, Pusa, MICR-110025166

Exam Fee Paid: (√ appropriate category)

Exam Fee Paid: (√ appropriate category)

Exam Fee Paid: (√ appropriate category)

SRF-(PGS) Programme

SRF-(PGS) Programme

SRF-(PGS) Programme

For Gen/OBC Category*

` 1,200.00

For Gen/OBC Category*

` 1,200.00*

For Gen/OBC Category*

` 1,200.00*

For SC/ ST/ PH Category*

` 600.00

For SC/ ST/ PH Category*

` 600.00*

For SC/ ST/ PH Category*

` 600.00*

Bank Commission:

` 25.00

Bank Commission:

` 25.00

Bank Commission:

` 25.00

Total Fee Paid:

Total Fee Paid:

Total Fee Paid:

Transaction ID No.:_______________________________ (to be filled by the Branch carefully)

Transaction ID No.:________________________________ (to be filled by the Branch carefully)

Transaction ID No.:________________________________ (to be filled by the Branch carefully)

Particulars of Candidate Application No.:_______________________ Name: _____________________________________ Father's Name: ______________________________ Address: ___________________________________ __________________________________________ Phone/ Mobile No.:___________________________ Depositor's Signature:_________________________ Cashier Signature: ___________________________ (With Bank Stamp)

Particulars of Candidate Application No.:_______________________ Name: _____________________________________ Father's Name: ______________________________ Address: ___________________________________ __________________________________________ Phone/ Mobile No.:___________________________ Depositor's Signature:_________________________ Cashier Signature: ___________________________ (With Bank Stamp)

Particulars of Candidate Application No.:_______________________ Name: _____________________________________ Father's Name: ______________________________ Address: __________________________________ __________________________________________ Phone/ Mobile No.:___________________________ Depositor's Signature:________________________ Cashier Signature: __________________________ (With Bank Stamp)

Important: Application Form No. to be filled in correctly in the system by the branch official "Registration-ID/Ref-No."

Important: Candidate must ensure that the Transaction-ID is filled in properly by the Bank

Important: Candidate must submit this slip with application form.

*Strike off which ever is not applicable.

*Strike off which ever is not applicable.

*Strike off which ever is not applicable.

92

NEFT Challan Proforma

Acknowledgement for National Electronic Fund Transfer (NEFT) facility Application for National Electronic Funds Transfer facility

Bank Name. …………………………………………………………… Bank Name. …………………………………………………………… Branch………………………………Date……………..

Branch ………………………….. Date ……………….. Time of Request: ……………………………

Credit/Transfer the amount under NEFT Please Credit /Transfer the amount under NEFT to the following beneficiary:

Beneficiary's Name: ICAR Unit-Education Division, ICAR, New Delhi 1. Beneficiary's Name : ICAR Unit-Education Division, ICAR, New Delhi

Type of A/c: Current A/c No.: 24133050000020 2. Account Type :Current

Bank: Syndicate Bank. Branch: KAB, Pusa, New Delhi 3. Account No. : 24133050000020

IFS Code: SYNB0002413 4. Centre (Location) : New Delhi

5. Name of the Bank and Branch : Syndicate Bank, KAB, Pusa, New Delhi

Rs. Ps. 6. IFS Code of the Branch : SYNB0002413

Amount 7. Remarks/ Narration : UTR details must be entered in the online application on the website

Commission (Should not exceed 150 character including spaces in between words)

RBI Charges

Total Rs. Ps. Name of the Applicant: ………………………………….

Rupees (in word) ………………………………………………….. Amount Address:…………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………...…..Only. Commission ……………………………………………………………..

Applicant Name: ………………………………………………… RBI Charges Account No. (optional) : ………………………………….

Account No. (optional): ……………………………………… Total PAN No.: (Not applicable)

PAN No.: (Not applicable) Tele No.: …………………………………………………..

Total Amount in words Rupees ……………………………………………………………………………………..only.

Cashier/Clerk/Authorized Signatory

The terms & conditions of transfer are furnished overleaf. Signature of Applicant Cashier/ Clerk Verified Authorized Signatory Note: Candidate can also use the application form for NEFT facility prescribed by the respective Banks. However, candidate must provide the requisite details given at Sl. No. 1-7 above.

93

Denominations Amount Details of Cheques: Condition of Transfer:

Rs. Ps. No. & Date Amount 1. The remitting Bank shall not be liable for any loss or damage arising

or resulting from delay in transmission or non-delivery of Electronic

message or any mistake omission or error in transmission or delivery

thereof or in deciphering the message from any cause whatsoever or

from its misinterpretation received or the action of the destination

Bank or any act or even beyond control.

2. All payment instructions should be checked carefully by the remitter.

3. Messages after cut-off time will be sent on the next working day.

4. Transfer of funds is subject to availability of beneficiary bank branch

on NEFT.

1000 x Rs. Ps.

500 x

100 x

I/We agree that the Credit to the Beneficiary's account shall be accorded

on the next day if the Beneficiary Bank/ Branch is closed on account of

any reason.

50 x

20 x

10 x

I/We hereby agree that the Bank will not be held responsible for

Unexecuted NEFT request for the reasons beyond the control of

concerned Bank or Reserve Bank of India or both.

5 x

Coins

Total I/We hereby confirm having read and understood the terms and conditions

pertaining to NEFT facility

Signature of Applicant

For Bank's use only

Date & Time of request

Amount

Date & Time of debit to Applicant's A/c

Account debited by

Date & Time of entering into NEFT

Entered into NEFT by

Transaction Authorized by

NEFT Scroll No./ Transaction Ref. No.