information domain use cases - osgug.ucaiug.orgosgug.ucaiug.org/sgsystems/openhan/han use...

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Energy Information Standards (EIS) Alliance 3

Customer Domain Use Cases 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 EIS Alliance©

22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Version: V1.0 29

Created: 01/29/2010 30

Distribution: Public Review 31 32

Customer Use Cases V1.0 © 2010 EIS Alliance

Revision History 33

Name Date Reason For Changes Ver./Rev.

EIS Editorial Board 1/28/10 Original 0.9 John Ruiz 1/29/10 Updated UC5 0.91 John Ruiz 1/29/10 Updated Figure 6.1 0.92 John Ruiz 1/29/10 Added Watermark 1.0

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Table of Contents 37 Introduction 8 38 UC‐1 Manage Power Demand to Minimize Cost 9 39 Use Case Name 9 40 Applicability .................................................................................................................................. 9 41 Function ID ................................................................................................................................... 9 42 Brief Description .......................................................................................................................... 9 43 Related Use Cases ......................................................................................................................... 9 44 Background ................................................................................................................................... 9 45 Narrative ....................................................................................................................................... 9 46 Actor (Stakeholder) Roles ......................................................................................................... 11 47 Information Exchanged ............................................................................................................. 12 48 Information Transactions .......................................................................................................... 12 49 Use Case Diagram ....................................................................................................................... 13 50

UC‐2 Manage Production Needs with Power and Energy Management 14 51 Use Case Name ............................................................................................................................ 14 52 Applicability ................................................................................................................................ 14 53 Function ID ................................................................................................................................. 14 54 Brief Description ........................................................................................................................ 14 55 Related Use Cases ....................................................................................................................... 14 56 Background ................................................................................................................................. 14 57 Narrative ..................................................................................................................................... 14 58 Actor (Stakeholder) Roles ......................................................................................................... 16 59 Information Exchanged ............................................................................................................. 17 60 Information Transactions .......................................................................................................... 18 61 Use Case Diagram ....................................................................................................................... 18 62

UC‐3 Forecast Power Usage 20 63 Use Case Name ............................................................................................................................ 20 64 Applicability ................................................................................................................................ 20 65 Function ID ................................................................................................................................. 20 66 Brief Description ........................................................................................................................ 20 67 Related Use Cases ....................................................................................................................... 20 68 Narrative ..................................................................................................................................... 20 69 Actor (Stakeholder) Roles ......................................................................................................... 22 70 Information Exchanged ............................................................................................................. 22 71 Information Transactions .......................................................................................................... 23 72 Use Case Diagram ....................................................................................................................... 23 73

UC‐4 Balance Power Purchases between Utility and On‐site Generation 25 74 Use Case Name ............................................................................................................................ 25 75 Applicability ................................................................................................................................ 25 76 Function ID ................................................................................................................................. 25 77 Brief Description ........................................................................................................................ 25 78


Related Use Cases ....................................................................................................................... 25 79 Narrative ..................................................................................................................................... 25 80 Actor (Stakeholder) Roles ......................................................................................................... 27 81 Information Exchanged ............................................................................................................. 27 82 Information Transactions .......................................................................................................... 28 83 Use Case Diagram ....................................................................................................................... 28 84

UC‐5 Balance Power Purchases between Multiple Utilities 30 85 Use Case Name ............................................................................................................................ 30 86 Applicability ................................................................................................................................ 30 87 Function ID ................................................................................................................................. 30 88 Brief Description ........................................................................................................................ 30 89 Related Use Cases ....................................................................................................................... 30 90 Narrative ..................................................................................................................................... 30 91 Actor (Stakeholder) Roles ......................................................................................................... 31 92 Information Exchanged ............................................................................................................. 31 93 Information Transactions .......................................................................................................... 31 94 Use Case Diagram ....................................................................................................................... 32 95

UC‐6 Buy or Sell Electric Power 33 96 Use Case Name ............................................................................................................................ 33 97 Applicability ................................................................................................................................ 33 98 Function ID ................................................................................................................................. 33 99 Brief Description ........................................................................................................................ 33 100 Related Use Cases ....................................................................................................................... 33 101 Background ................................................................................................................................. 33 102 Narrative ..................................................................................................................................... 34 103 Actor (Stakeholder) Roles ......................................................................................................... 36 104 Information Exchanged ............................................................................................................. 36 105 Information Transactions .......................................................................................................... 37 106 Use Case Diagram ....................................................................................................................... 37 107

UC‐7 Social, Environmental, and Regulatory Aspects of Energy Consumed 39 108 Use Case Name ............................................................................................................................ 39 109 Applicability ................................................................................................................................ 39 110 Function ID ................................................................................................................................. 39 111 Brief Description ........................................................................................................................ 39 112 Related Use Cases ....................................................................................................................... 39 113 Narrative ..................................................................................................................................... 39 114 Actor (Stakeholder) Roles ......................................................................................................... 40 115 Information Exchanged ............................................................................................................. 40 116 Information Transactions .......................................................................................................... 40 117 Use Case Diagram ....................................................................................................................... 41 118

UC‐8: Measure Plug Load to calculate Cost and Consumption 42 119 Use Case Name ............................................................................................................................ 42 120 Applicability ................................................................................................................................ 42 121 Function ID ................................................................................................................................. 42 122 Brief Description ........................................................................................................................ 42 123


Related Use Cases ....................................................................................................................... 42 124 Narrative ..................................................................................................................................... 42 125 Actor (Stakeholder) Roles ......................................................................................................... 43 126 Information Exchanged ............................................................................................................. 44 127 Information Transactions .......................................................................................................... 44 128 Use Case Diagram ....................................................................................................................... 44 129

UC‐9: Measure Equipment Power to calculate Cost and Consumption 46 130 Use Case Name ............................................................................................................................ 46 131 Applicability ................................................................................................................................ 46 132 Function ID ................................................................................................................................. 46 133 Brief Description ........................................................................................................................ 46 134 Related Use Cases ....................................................................................................................... 46 135 Narrative ..................................................................................................................................... 46 136 Actor (Stakeholder) Roles ......................................................................................................... 47 137 Information Exchanged ............................................................................................................. 48 138 Information Transactions .......................................................................................................... 48 139 Use Case Diagram ....................................................................................................................... 48 140

UC‐10: Allocating Energy Costs 50 141 Use Case Name ............................................................................................................................ 50 142 Applicability ................................................................................................................................ 50 143 Function ID ................................................................................................................................. 50 144 Brief Description ........................................................................................................................ 50 145 Related Use Cases ....................................................................................................................... 50 146 Narrative ..................................................................................................................................... 50 147 Actor (Stakeholder) Roles ......................................................................................................... 51 148 Information Exchanged ............................................................................................................. 51 149 Information Transactions .......................................................................................................... 52 150 Use Case Diagram ....................................................................................................................... 52 151

UC‐11: Measure Energy Cost, Emissions and Consumption for Display 54 152 Use Case Name ............................................................................................................................ 54 153 Applicability ................................................................................................................................ 54 154 Function ID ................................................................................................................................. 54 155 Brief Description ........................................................................................................................ 54 156 Related Use Cases ....................................................................................................................... 54 157 Narrative ..................................................................................................................................... 54 158 Actor (Stakeholder) Roles ......................................................................................................... 55 159 Information Exchanged ............................................................................................................. 55 160 Information Transactions .......................................................................................................... 56 161 Use Case Diagram ....................................................................................................................... 56 162 UC‐12: Measuring energy cost, emissions, and consumption to compare against building 163

portfolio for benchmarking purposes 58 164 Use Case Name ............................................................................................................................ 58 165 Applicability ................................................................................................................................ 58 166 Function ID ................................................................................................................................. 58 167 Brief Description ........................................................................................................................ 58 168


Related Use Cases ....................................................................................................................... 58 169 Narrative ..................................................................................................................................... 58 170 Actor (Stakeholder) Roles ......................................................................................................... 59 171 Information Exchanged ............................................................................................................. 60 172 Information Transactions .......................................................................................................... 60 173 Use Case Diagram ....................................................................................................................... 61 174 UC‐13: Measuring energy cost, emissions and consumption to compare against similar 175

buildings for benchmarking purposes. 62 176 Use Case Name ............................................................................................................................ 62 177 Applicability ................................................................................................................................ 62 178 Function ID ................................................................................................................................. 62 179 Brief Description ........................................................................................................................ 62 180 Related Use Cases ....................................................................................................................... 62 181 Narrative ..................................................................................................................................... 62 182 Actor (Stakeholder) Roles ......................................................................................................... 63 183 Information Exchanged ............................................................................................................. 63 184 Information Transactions .......................................................................................................... 64 185 Use Case Diagram ....................................................................................................................... 64 186

UC‐14: Validate Energy Consumption 66 187 Use Case Name ............................................................................................................................ 66 188 Applicability ................................................................................................................................ 66 189 Function ID ................................................................................................................................. 66 190 Brief Description ........................................................................................................................ 66 191 Related Use Cases ....................................................................................................................... 66 192 Narrative ..................................................................................................................................... 66 193 Actor (Stakeholder) Roles ......................................................................................................... 69 194 Information Exchanged ............................................................................................................. 69 195 Information Transactions .......................................................................................................... 69 196 Use Case Diagram ....................................................................................................................... 70 197

UC‐15: Communicate Generation for Grid Maintenance and Planning 71 198 Use Case Name ............................................................................................................................ 71 199 Applicability ................................................................................................................................ 71 200 Function ID ................................................................................................................................. 71 201 Brief Description ........................................................................................................................ 71 202 Related Use Cases ....................................................................................................................... 71 203 Narrative ..................................................................................................................................... 71 204 Actor (Stakeholder) Roles ......................................................................................................... 72 205 Information Exchanged ............................................................................................................. 72 206 Information Transactions .......................................................................................................... 73 207 Use Case Diagram ....................................................................................................................... 73 208

UC‐16: Receive Grid Maintenance Planning Information 74 209 Use Case Name ............................................................................................................................ 74 210 Applicability ................................................................................................................................ 74 211 Function ID ................................................................................................................................. 74 212 Related Use Cases ....................................................................................................................... 74 213


Brief Description ........................................................................................................................ 74 214 Narrative ..................................................................................................................................... 74 215 Actor (Stakeholder) Roles ......................................................................................................... 75 216 Information Exchanged ............................................................................................................. 75 217 Information Transactions .......................................................................................................... 76 218 Use Case Diagram ....................................................................................................................... 76 219

UC‐17: Receive Instantaneous Power Quality to Validate Power SLA 78 220 Use Case Name ............................................................................................................................ 78 221 Applicability ................................................................................................................................ 78 222 Function ID ................................................................................................................................. 78 223 Brief Description ........................................................................................................................ 78 224 Related Use Cases ....................................................................................................................... 78 225 Narrative ..................................................................................................................................... 78 226 Actor (Stakeholder) Roles ......................................................................................................... 79 227 Information Exchanged ............................................................................................................. 79 228 Information Transactions .......................................................................................................... 79 229 Use Case Diagram ....................................................................................................................... 80 230

UC‐18: Use Case to Loads Controlled by an External Source 81 231 Use Case Name ............................................................................................................................ 81 232 Applicability ................................................................................................................................ 81 233 Function ID ................................................................................................................................. 81 234 Brief Description ........................................................................................................................ 81 235 Related Use Cases ....................................................................................................................... 81 236 Narrative ..................................................................................................................................... 81 237 Actor (Stakeholder) Roles ......................................................................................................... 82 238 Information Exchanged ............................................................................................................. 82 239 Information Transactions .......................................................................................................... 82 240 Use Case Diagram ....................................................................................................................... 82 241

UC‐19: Use Case to Choose Response to DR Signal 84 242 Use Case Name ............................................................................................................................ 84 243 Applicability ................................................................................................................................ 84 244 Function ID ................................................................................................................................. 84 245 Brief Description ........................................................................................................................ 84 246 Related Use Cases ....................................................................................................................... 84 247 Narrative ..................................................................................................................................... 84 248 Actor (Stakeholder) Roles ......................................................................................................... 85 249 Information Exchanged ............................................................................................................. 85 250 Information Transactions .......................................................................................................... 86 251 Use Case Diagram ....................................................................................................................... 86 252

Appendix A: Actor (Stakeholder) Descriptions 88 253 Appendix B: Information Exchange Table 90 254 Appendix C: Use Case Diagram Explanation 93 255 Appendix D: Glossary 95 256 257

258


Introduction 259

This document identifies the scenarios that require energy usage information to be shared 260 between consumers and energy service providers. 261

The conceptual model of the smart grid includes a domain called the “Customer” domain. This 262 domain includes the industrial, commercial, and residential buildings and equipment. In order to 263 identify the energy usage information that needs to be shared between the customer domain 264 and other domains within a smart grid, a set of use cases have been defined. These use cases 265 identify the information that passes across a conceptual boundary into or out of the customer 266 domain called the Energy Services Interface (ESI). The physical instantiation of the ESI has, by 267 choice, not been identified. It may be embedded in a meter, utility equipment, or customer 268 premises equipment without changing the use cases. 269

While developing these use cases, it became apparent that industrial, commercial, and 270 residential customers have very similar requirements. This is particularly true when considering 271 the needs of these customers in the future. For that reason, the use cases in this document cover 272 the entire scope of the customer domain. Each use case has a section that identifies which 273 building type is applicable. Using this format, the reader needs to understand that, particularly in 274 the residential case, a single person may assume the role of multiple actors. For example, a 275 residential homeowner can be considered a Facility Manager, Financial Manager, and Operations 276 Personnel. 277

278


UC1 Manage Power Demand to Minimize Cost 279

Use Case Name 280 Manage power demand to minimize cost. 281

Applicability 282 This use case applies to the following customer domains. 283

Industrial Customer Domain

Commercial Customer Domain

Residential Customer Domain

Function ID 284 EIS‐UC‐1 285

Brief Description 286 Customers manage and schedule activities to reduce electricity demand charges in 287 accordance with the pricing rules defined in the purchase contract or rate tariff. 288

Related Use Cases 289 EIS‐UC‐4, “Balance Power Purchases Between Utility and On‐site Generation” addresses 290 the case in which a customer has the option of using on‐site generation to reduce demand 291 supplied by an energy provider. 292

Background 293 Electric power demand makes up a large portion of energy charges for many customers, 294 especially industrial customers. Demand is the average rate of energy used over an 295 established period of time (demand interval). Traditionally, demand charges are applied 296 as a rate per kW for the highest single‐period demand during one or more established 297 time‐of‐use periods during the current billing period. In addition, a rate per kW may apply 298 to the highest single‐period demand over the previous year (ratchet penalty). These 299 charges provide incentive for customers to avoid setting new demand peaks. 300

Narrative 301 In this use case, a customer monitors electrical power demand against a target. The target 302 may be based on a number of factors. Operations personnel maintain a current list of 303 shed‐able and critical loads. The electric supplier, energy services company (ESCO) or 304 aggregator provides pricing rules against which the economic impacts of actions taken are 305 measured. 306

1. Facility Manager determines power demand target. The target may be based on 307 several factors, including the following. 308


a. Energy cost reduction goals 309

b. Existing peak power demand values during the current billing period 310 and/or the 12‐month ratchet period 311

c. Regulatory mandates 312

d. Requests for curtailment by the energy supplier, ESCO or aggregator 313

e. Real‐time electrical energy pricing considerations 314

f. Environmental factors such as weather (current conditions and forecast) 315

g. Production requirements (during times of high production, production 316 needs may take precedence over energy cost) 317

2. The energy supplier and/or ESCO/Aggregator provide pricing rules. Presently, 318 pricing rules are, in general, embodied in a rate tariff. In the future, it is anticipated 319 that pricing will become much more dynamic. This will require real‐time sharing of 320 pricing rules and other data between the energy supplier and/or Energy Services 321 Company (ESCO) and the customer through the Energy Services Interface (ESI). 322

3. Financial Manager notifies of pricing rules to aid in establishing target. The 323 electrical energy invoice has references to applicable pricing rules as well as historical 324 demand peaks that apply to the invoice. The pricing rules help determine the load 325 control decisions made by the energy management system. 326

4. Operations personnel establish list of sheddable and critical loads. Many factors 327 enter into the determination of which loads may and may not be shed to achieve a 328 demand target. The priority of sheddable loads is also established. The membership 329 and priority of the sheddable load list typically varies depending on a variety of 330 conditions. The following factors are typical. 331

a. Production schedules, customer delivery commitments, staffing 332 schedules, shift differential and overtime considerations 333

b. Relationship of individual loads to core production processes 334

c. Flexibility of scheduling equipment and production operations 335

d. Cycle time constraints of individual loads (e.g. HVAC compressors) 336

e. Interdependencies of individual loads 337

f. Automatic restarting characteristics of individual loads 338

g. Personnel safety and comfort impact 339

h. State change interval, e.g. response time of system to a shed request 340

i. Environmental factors such as weather 341

j. Local codes: ASHRAE 62.1 ventilation requirements, ASHRAE 55 Thermal 342 comfort requirements, ASHRAE 90.1 energy requirements 343


5. Loads report their energy usage to the energy management system (EMS). 344 Sheddable and critical loads include metering that reports energy usage and current 345 power demand so that the EMS knows the possible effect of shedding individual 346 loads on the overall facility demand. 347

6. The EMS controls sheddable loads. An energy management system may range 348 from a manual system to a fully automated system; however, the basic control 349 equation remains the same: control loads so that the end‐of‐interval demand does 350 not exceed the target. The EMS needs to know the predicted end‐of‐interval demand 351 for the current interval. This may be provided by energy supplier metering, the 352 customer’s metering equipment, or by the EMS system itself. The EMS compares the 353 predicted demand to the established demand target. If load shedding is required, the 354 EMS selects from the prioritized list of sheddable loads and load shedding strategies, 355 and issues a shed load command. 356

Actor (Stakeholder) Roles 357 The following actors (stakeholders) are interacting in this use case. A complete 358 description of the actors can be found in Appendix A. 359

Name

Facility Manager

Energy Services Company (ESCO/Aggregator)

Energy Supplier

Financial Manager

Energy Management System (EMS)

Operations Personnel

Facility Loads

Metering

Weather Forecast Service

Table 1.1. Manage Power Demand Use Case Actors 360

361


Information Exchanged 362 The following information is transferred across the Energy Services Interface (ESI) in this 363 use case. A complete description of the information exchanged can be found in 364 Appendix B. 365

ID Name

1 Weather data

3 Pricing Rules

5 Instantaneous Aggregated Energy Usage

6 Instantaneous Energy Usage for Sub Loads

7 Available Shed‐able Load

8 Critical Load

9 State Change Interval

10 Existing Demand Thresholds

14 Loads to Shed

26 Predicted End‐of‐Interval Demand

Table 1.2. Manage Power Demand Use Case Information 366

Information Transactions 367 368

Actor Information Supplied (ID #)

Information Consumed (ID #)

Operations Personnel 1,7,8 1,7,8

Facility Manager 7,8,9 1,3,6,10

Energy Services Company (ESCO/Aggregator) 1,3,5,10 1,9

Energy Supplier 3,5,10 1,9

Financial manager 3,10

Energy Management System (auto or manual) 6,7,8,9,14,26 1,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,26

Environmental manager

Weather Forecast Service 1

Facility Loads 6 14

Table 1.3. Manage Power Demand Use Case Transactions 369


Use Case Diagram 370 The following diagram illustrates this use case. An explanation of the format of this 371 diagram can be found in Appendix C. 372

Energy Supplier

ESCOEnergy

Information Provider

ESI

Facility Manager

Financial Manager

EMS(calculates 26)

Critical Loads

Shed‐ableLoads

3, 7, 8, 9

Customer Domain

8

6

3

3,10


1 3, 5, 10

Operations Manager

Define Shed‐able Loads

143,10

7, 8

6

Define Demand target

Shed Loads to Avoid Exceeding target

Metering

Metering

373 Figure 1.1. Manage Power Demand Use Case Diagram 374

375


UC2 Manage Production Needs with Power and Energy 376 Management 377

Use Case Name 378 Manage production needs with power and energy management 379





Function ID 382 ESI‐UC‐2 383

Brief Description 384 Many customers do not have visibility into energy usage data when managing production 385 and so production becomes the primary objective. Power usage information at the 386 operations level promotes energy accountability. 387

Related Use Cases 388 Not Applicable 389

Background 390 Many businesses were founded and facilities were constructed when energy was plentiful 391 and cheap. Energy is no longer plentiful or cheap, and the impact of high energy usage on 392 the environment is becoming evident. Although some electric power customers have 393 established business systems that make energy an equal partner with other classes of 394 business information, many more customers have not. A large proportion of customers 395 know their energy usage only at the macro level. Providing operations managers and 396 personnel with a line of sight to the operational impact on energy use and demand drives 397 ownership and accountability. 398

Narrative 399 In this use case, the customer utilizes energy information alongside other business and 400 production information to optimize production while balancing production, energy usage, 401 cost, environmental and other considerations. The electric supplier, energy services 402 company (ESCO) or aggregator provides pricing rules against which the economic impacts 403 of actions taken are measured. 404


1. Facility Manager establishes energy reporting to operations. An energy 405 reporting subsystem provides the following general classes of information to 406 operations manager and personnel. 407

a. Energy cost reduction goals 408

b. Energy usage compared to target for department or operation 409

c. Historical energy usage information 410

d. Current power demand compared to target 411

e. Energy information on operational decisions 412

f. Current and forecast status of energy attributes, e.g., price levels, energy 413 provider shed requests, power quality conditions, etc. 414

g. Environmental factors such as weather (current conditions and forecast) 415

h. Local codes: ASHRAE 62.1 ventilation requirements, ASHRAE 55 Thermal 416 comfort requirements, ASHRAE 90.1 energy requirements 417

418

2. The Energy Supplier and/or ESCO/Aggregator provide pricing rules. Presently, 419 pricing rules are, in general, embodied in a rate tariff. In the future, it is anticipated 420 that pricing will become much more dynamic. This will require real‐time sharing of 421 pricing rules and other data between the energy supplier and/or ESCO and the 422 industrial customer through the Energy Services Interface (ESI). 423

3. Financial Manager provides energy cost content. The electrical energy invoice 424 has references to applicable pricing rules as well as historical demand peaks that 425 apply to the invoice. The pricing rules help determine the characteristics of the 426 energy management system. 427

4. Operations management and personnel evaluate energy information when 428 making operations decisions. Examples of using energy information are as follows. 429

a. Deciding to delay operation of a process until lower energy pricing is in 430 effect 431

b. Deciding to utilize on‐site generation or energy storage systems during 432 times of high energy cost 433

c. Deciding to utilize on‐site thermal energy storage for cooling during times 434 of high energy cost 435

d. Comparing energy efficiency of similar processes 436

e. Manually shutting down non‐critical processes in response to a shed 437 request from the energy supplier or ESCO 438

f. Making schedule changes based on forecast weather, environmental, or 439 energy supply conditions 440


g. Evaluating progress toward energy usage and cost reduction goals 441

h. Understanding the contribution made by a process toward the aggregated 442 energy cost of a facility 443

5. The energy management system (EMS) reports energy information. An energy 444 management system may range from a manual system to a fully automated system. 445 The EMS combines information from a variety of sources including plant utility 446 metering, sub metering equipment, weather and environmental information services, 447 historical energy usage storage and energy costing information. The EMS may report 448 directly or through one or more Intelligent HMI Energy Devices. 449


Name

Facility Manager

Energy Services Company (ESCO/Aggregator)

Energy Supplier

Financial Manager

Energy Management System


Facility Loads

Historical Energy Data Storage

Intelligent HMI Energy Device


Table 2.1. Manage Production Needs with Power Management Use Case Actors 453

454



ID Name

1 Weather data

3 Pricing Rules


6 Instantaneous Energy Usage for Sub Loads

7 Available Sheddable Load

8 Critical Load



11 Onsite generation

12 Onsite energy storage

13 Onsite thermal storage

16 Historical interval demand and PQ data

20 Load Characteristics


Table 2.2. Manage Production Needs with Power Management Use Case Information 459

460

461


462

Information Transactions 463 464

Actor Information Supplied (ID #)

Information Consumed (ID #)






Energy Management System (auto or manual) 6,7,8,9,20,26 1,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,20,26


Table 2.3. Manage Production Needs with Power Management Use Case Transactions 465



469 Figure 2.1. Manage Production Needs with Power Management Use Case Diagram 470

471


UC3 Forecast Power Usage 472

Use Case Name 473 Customer Forecasts Power Usage 474






Brief Description 479 Industrial and Commercial customers who forecast power usage, one hour, one day, one 480 month ahead, can better manage power costs and production schedules. Sharing this 481 forecast information with power suppliers is a win‐win and enables electric power 482 providers to better plan and manage capacity and provide higher quality of service. 483


Narrative 486 1. Historical Interval Energy is provided to the Facility Manager. There are four 487

variants in this step depending where the historical data is kept. 488

a. The Facility Manager retrieves historical energy consumption from an Energy 489 Management System (EMS). 490

b. The Facility Manager retrieves historical energy consumption from the Energy 491 Supplier through the Energy Services Interface (ESI). 492

c. The Facility Manager retrieves historical energy consumption from an Energy 493 Information Provider through the Energy Services Interface (ESI). 494

d. The Facility Manager retrieves historical energy consumption from the Energy 495 Services Company through the Energy Services Interface (ESI). 496

2. Onsite Generation Capacity and Availability is Determined. The capacity and 497 availability of any onsite generation equipment is provided to the Facility Manager by 498 the onsite equipment or the EMS. 499


a. The Facility Manager retrieves onsite generation capacity and availability from 500 the onsite generation equipment. 501

b. The Facility Manager retrieves onsite generation capacity and availability from 502 an Energy Management System (EMS). 503

3. Onsite Electrical Storage Capacity and Availability is Determined. The capacity 504 and availability of any onsite electrical storage equipment is provided to the Facility 505 Manager by the onsite equipment or the EMS. 506

a. The Facility Manager retrieves onsite electrical storage capacity and 507 availability from the onsite storage equipment. 508

b. The Facility Manager retrieves onsite electrical storage capacity and 509 availability from an Energy Management System (EMS). 510

4. Onsite Thermal Storage Capacity and Availability is Determined. The capacity 511 and availability of any onsite thermal storage equipment is provided to the Facility 512 Manager by the onsite equipment or the EMS. 513

a. The Facility Manager retrieves onsite thermal storage capacity and availability 514 from the onsite storage equipment. 515

b. The Facility Manager retrieves onsite thermal storage capacity and availability 516 from an Energy Management System (EMS). 517

5. Weather Prediction Information is Determined. The predicted weather for the 518 interval being estimated is provided to the Facility Manager by Weather Service 519 either directly, or via the EMS or EIP. 520

6. Historical Production Data is Determined. The historical production schedule 521 that correlates to the Historical Interval Energy is provided by the Operations 522 manager to the Facility Manager. 523

7. Initial Production Scheduling Information is Determined. The Facility Manager 524 gets production scheduling information for the interval being estimated from the 525 Financial Manager. 526

8. A Preliminary Interval Energy Demand Forecast is Produced. The Facility 527 Manager takes the generation, storage, weather, and scheduling information and 528 creates a preliminary energy demand forecast for the interval being estimated and 529 sends it to the Financial Manager. 530

9. Energy Pricing Rules and Information are Determined. The Financial Manager 531 retrieves rate information to determine the profitability of production. This 532 information may come from any of the following energy information providers. 533

a. The Energy Pricing Rules are retrieved from the Energy Information Provider 534 through the Energy Services Interface (ESI) for the interval being estimated. 535

b. The Energy Pricing Rules are retrieved from the Energy Services Company 536 through the Energy Services Interface (ESI) for the interval being estimated. 537


c. The Energy Pricing Rules are retrieved from the Energy Supplier through the 538 Energy Services Interface (ESI) for the interval being estimated. 539

10. Production Schedule and Energy Demand Forecast are Created. The Financial 540 Manager uses the Preliminary Interval Energy Demand and Energy Pricing Rules to 541 create the Production Schedule and Energy Demand Forecast. The Energy Demand 542 Forecast is sent to one or more of the following energy providers 543

a. The Energy Demand Forecast, for the interval being estimated, is sent to the 544 Energy Supplier through the Energy Services Interface (ESI). 545

b. The Energy Demand Forecast, for the interval being estimated, is sent to the 546 Energy Services Company through the Energy Services Interface (ESI). 547


Name

Facility Manager

Energy Services Company (ESCO)

Energy Information Provider (EIP)

Energy Supplier

Financial Manager


Onsite Generation

Onsite Electrical Storage

Onsite Thermal Storage

Table 3.1. Forecast Power Usage Use Case Actors 551


ID Name

1 Weather data

3 Pricing Rules

11 Onsite Generation


12 Onsite energy Storage

13 Onsite Thermal Storage

15 Demand Forecast

16 Interval Energy Demand

Table 3.2. Forecast Power Usage Use Case Information 556

Information Transactions 557 Actor Information

Supplied (ID #) Information Consumed (ID #)

Facility Manager 15 1, 11, 12, 13, 16

Energy Services Company (ESCO) 3, 16 15

Energy Information Provider 3, 16 15

Energy Supplier 3, 16 15

Financial Manager 15 3, 15

Energy Management System 16, 11, 12, 13


Onsite Generation 11

Onsite Electrical Storage 12

Onsite Thermal Storage 13

Table 3.3. Forecast Power Usage Use Case Transactions 558



Energy Supplier

ESCOEnergy


ESI

Facility Manager

Financial Manager

EMS

Onsite Generation

Onsite Electrical Storage

16, 11, 12, 13

Customer Domain

Onsite Thermal Storage

11

12

13

16

1515


1

3

3, 16

15

Operations Manager

Historical Production Data

562 Figure 3.1. Forecast Power Usage Use Case Diagram 563

564


UC4 Balance Power Purchases between Utility and Onsite 565 Generation 566

Use Case Name 567 Balance power purchases between utility and on‐site generation 568






Brief Description 573 Customer decides to make or buy power. In some instances, it also makes sense for the 574 customer to resell energy to the utility. 575

Related Use Cases 576 See use case 5 and 6. 577

Narrative 578 Overview: This use case covers a scenario where the customer has onsite energy 579 generation or storage capacity. The customer continuously monitors grid provided 580 energy pricing and quality, and compares that with on‐site generation capacity, 581 availability, costs, and quality. This information is coupled with the on‐site energy 582 demand forecast (which requires the production schedule and weather forecast data) to 583 determine how much energy to make onsite or buy from the utility. The make vs buy 584 decision will vary over time as the input variables change. 585

1. Facility Manager determines available on‐site capacity and price point. Capacity 586 and price is based on several factors, including the following. 587

a. Energy cost of production (bus bar price) 588

b. Production rate and projection 589

c. Generation equipment capacity and status 590

d. Stock piles 591

e. Orders 592


f. Regulatory mandates 593

g. Real‐time electrical energy pricing considerations 594

h. Environmental factors such as weather (current conditions and forecast) 595

2. The Energy Supplier or ESCO provide pricing rules. Presently, pricing rules are, in 596 general, embodied in a rate tariff. In the future, it is anticipated that pricing will 597 become much more dynamic. This will require real‐time sharing of pricing rules and 598 other data between the energy supplier (customer) and/or ESCO, ISO, local 599 distribution company and the customer through the Energy Services Interface (ESI). 600

3. The Financial Manager develops pricing rules to aid in establishing the cost of 601 generation (bus bar cost) and sell targets. The financial manager develops a “make 602 or buy” electrical energy decisions to minimize cost. The pricing rules help determine 603 the characteristics of the generation system operation. 604

4. Operations personnel control the tie line between the utility and the customer 605 site. Many factors enter into the determination of a make or buy decision. Once the 606 decision is made the operations personnel will have to operate the control system to 607 raise or lower generation for the optimum financial set point. The following factors 608 are typical. 609




d. Cycle time constraints of individual loads (e.g. Chillers, heat treating, 614 smelters, compressors, water heaters, etc.) 615

e. Cycle time constraints of generation equipment 616

f. Interdependencies of individual loads, generators and alternative power 617 sources 618

g. Automatic restarting characteristics of generators 619

h. Personnel safety and comfort impact 620

i. State change interval, e.g. response time of system to a request 621

j. Environmental factors such as weather 622

5. The Energy Management (or Balance of Plant BOP) control system manages this 623 tie line requirement. EMS/BOP systems range from a manual system to a fully 624 automated system; however, the basic control equation remains the same: control 625 generation so that the end‐of‐interval kWh meets the “tie line” target. The EMS/BOP 626 control system needs to know the predicted and actual end‐of‐hour kilowatt‐hours at 627 the point of interconnection between the customer and the utility. This may be 628 provided by energy supplier metering, the customer’s metering equipment, or by the 629


EMS/BOP system itself. The EMS/BOP compares the predicted kWh to the 630 established hourly target. If generation needs to be increased or decreased, the 631 EMS/BOP selects from the prioritized list of generators and issues a speed up or slow 632 down command. 633


Name


Facility Manager


Energy Supplier

Financial Manager


Balance of Plant Control System (BOP)


Table 4.1. Balance Power Purchases Between Utility and Onsite Generation Use Case 637 Actors 638


ID Name

1 Weather data

2 Power quality

3 Pricing Rules

5 Instantaneous energy use

11 Onsite generation

12 Onsite energy storage

13 Thermal energy storage

15 Demand forecast


Table 4.2. Balance Power Purchases Between Utility and Onsite Generation Use Case 643 Information 644



Operations Personnel 15 Facility Manager 11,12,13,15 1,3,5,11,12,13 Energy Services Company (ESCO) 3,5 11,12,13 Energy Supplier 3,5 11,12,13 Financial Manager 3,15 Energy Management System 1


Table 4.3. Balance Power Purchases Between Utility and Onsite Generation Use Case 646 Transactions 647



EMS/BOP

Onsite Generation

Onsite Storage

ESI

Facility Manager

Financial Manager

Energy Supplier

ESCOWeather Service

3, 5 1

5

11

12, 13

15

Customer Domain Operations Personnel

15

11, 12, 13

13, 5

11, 12, 13

651 Figure 4.1. Balance Power Purchases between Utility and On‐site Generation Use Case 652

Diagram 653

654


UC5 Balance Power Purchases between Multiple Utilities 655

Use Case Name 656 Balance power purchases between multiple utilities 657






Brief Description 662 Industrial customer decides how much power to purchase from each energy supplier. 663 These customers select the cheapest or most reliable source. 664

Related Use Cases 665 See use case 4 and 6. 666

Narrative 667 Overview: This use case covers a scenario where the customer has multiple energy 668 suppliers. The customer constantly monitors grid provided energy pricing and quality 669 from all suppliers. This information is coupled with the on‐site energy demand forecast 670 (which requires the production schedule and weather forecast data) in order to decide 671 how much energy to purchase from each supplier. The amount of power demanded 672 from each supplier will fluctuate as the input variables change. 673

1. Facility Manager determines available capacity from each utility supplier and 674 the price points in time. Capacity and price is based on several factors, including the 675 following. 676

a. Energy cost per supplier 677


c. Stock piles 679

d. Orders 680

e. Regulatory mandates 681

f. Real‐time electrical energy pricing considerations 682


g. Environmental factors such as weather (current conditions and forecast) 683

2. The ESCO and Energy Supplier provide pricing rules. Presently, pricing rules are, 684 in general, embodied in a rate tariff. In the future, it is anticipated that pricing will 685 become much more dynamic. This will require real‐time sharing of pricing rules and 686 other data between the energy supplier (industrial customer) and/or ESCO, ISO, local 687 distribution company and the industrial customer through the Energy Services 688 Interface (ESI). 689

3. The Financial Manager develops pricing rules. The financial manager determines 690 the right balance of cost vs reliability from each supplier and sets rules. 691

4. Operations personnel control the tie line between the utilities and the 692 customer. Once the decision is made the operations personnel will have to operate 693 the control system to raise or lower demand from one supplier or the other. 694


Name

Facility Manager


Energy Supplier

Financial Manager

Table 5.1. Balance Power Purchases Between Utilities Use Case Actors 698


ID Name

3 Pricing Rules

15 Forecasted demand

Table 5.2. Balance Power Purchases Between Utilities Use Case Information 703



Facility Manager 15 2,3


Energy Services Company (ESCO) 2,3 Energy Supplier 2,3 15 Financial Manager 3,15

Table 5.3. Balance Power Purchases Between Utilities Use Case Transactions 705


ESI

Facility ManagerFinancial Manager

Energy Supplier

Energy Supplier 2

ESCO

2, 3

Customer Domain

15

2, 3 2, 31515

3 3 3

709 Figure 5.1. Validate Balance Power Purchase Between Utilities Use Case Diagram 710

711


UC6 Buy or Sell Electric Power 712

Use Case Name 713 Buy or Sell Electric Power 714






Brief Description 719 In this use case, the customer monitors the price of electrical power ($/kWh) hourly on 720 the “grid”. The price is based on a number of factors, available generation (supply), 721 weather, current load and location. Operations personnel monitor their “available 722 capacity”, cost of generation, and the “price” on the grid. The independent system 723 operator (ISO) provides pricing rules against which the economic impacts of actions taken 724 are measured. 725

It can be deployed by: 726 • Cost of generation, 727 • Capacity restraint, 728 • Contractual obligation. 729

With the pricing rules defined in the purchase contract or rate tariff. 730


Background 733 Facilities with on site electric power sources include paper mills, steel mills, tire and 734 rubber manufactures, automotive plants and chemical companies, commercial and 735 residential facilities with solar, wind or other alternative power systems. These facilities 736 may have excess steam, waste heat, and solar arrays, wind turbines, etc. utilized for 737 power production. Examples include: 738 739

• Boilers with steam turbine generators to reduce steam pressure rather than a 740 throttling valve. 741


• Cogeneration plants with combustion turbines or reciprocating engines producing 742 electricity and steam thorough a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) 743

744 Due to reduced production demand, many industrial facilities are running at less than 745 rated capacity. 746 747 Facilities with emergency stand by generation include municipal water and waste water 748 facilities, chemical, semi conductor and pharmaceutical manufacturers, hospitals, data 749 centers and educational facilities. 750 751 An Independent System Operator (ISO) is an organization formed at the direction or 752 recommendation of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). An ISO 753 coordinates, controls and monitors the operation of the electrical power system, usually 754 within a single US State, but sometimes encompassing multiple states. 755

Similar to an ISO is a Regional Transmission Operator (RTO), the primary difference being 756 that generally an RTO coordinates, controls and monitors the operation of the electric 757 power transmission system over a wider area that crosses state borders. 758

Some ISO’s and RTO’s also act as a marketplace in wholesale power. Most are set up as 759 nonprofit corporations using governance models developed by FERC. 760

FERC Orders 888 and 889 define how Independent Power Producers (IPP’s) and power 761 marketers would be allowed fair access to transmission systems, and mandated the 762 implementation of the Open Access Same‐Time Information System (OASIS) to facilitate 763 the fair handling of transactions between electric power transmission suppliers and their 764 customers. 765

Narrative 766 In this use case, the customer monitors the price of electrical power ($/kWh) hourly on 767 the grid. The price is based on a number of factors, available generation (supply), 768 weather, current load and location. Operations personnel monitor the available capacity, 769 cost of generation (bus bar cost) and the price on the grid. The independent system 770 operator (ISO) provides pricing rules against which the economic impacts of actions taken 771 are measured. 772

1. Facility Manager determines available capacity and price point. Capacity and 773 price is based on several factors, including the following. 774

a. Energy cost of production (bus bar cost) 775


c. Generation equipment status 777

d. Stock piles 778

e. Orders 779


f. Regulatory mandates 780

g. Real‐time electrical energy pricing considerations 781

h. Environmental factors such as weather (current conditions and forecast) 782

i. Local codes: ASHRAE 62.1 ventilation requirements, ASHRAE 55 Thermal 783 comfort requirements, ASHRAE 90.1 energy requirements 784

2. The ISO and local distribution company, provide pricing rules. Presently, pricing 785 rules are, in general, embodied in a rate tariff. In the future, it is anticipated that 786 pricing will become much more dynamic. This will require real‐time sharing of pricing 787 rules and other data between the energy supplier (customer) and/or ESCO, ISO, local 788 distribution company and the customer through the Energy Services Interface (ESI). 789

3. Weather Prediction Information is Determined. The predicted weather for the 790 interval being estimated is provided to the Facility Manager by Weather Service 791 either directly, or via the EMS or EIP. 792

4. The Financial Manager develops pricing rules to aid in establishing the cost of 793 generation (bus bar price) and sell targets. The financial manager develops a make, 794 buy or sell electrical energy decisions to maximize profits. The pricing rules help 795 determine the characteristics of the generation system operation. 796

5. Operations personnel control the tie line between the utility and the industrial 797 customer. Many factors enter into the determination of a make buy or sell decision. 798 Once the decision is made the operations personnel will have to operate the control 799 system to raise or lower generation for the optimum financial set point. The 800 following factors are typical. 801




d. Cycle time constraints of individual loads (e.g. Chillers, heat treating, 806 metal melting and compressors) 807

e. Cycle time constraints of generation equipment 808

f. Interdependencies of individual loads and generators 809

g. Automatic restarting characteristics of generators 810

h. Personnel safety and comfort impact 811

i. State change interval, e.g. response time of system to a request 812

j. Environmental factors such as weather 813

k. Local codes: ASHRAE 62.1 ventilation requirements, ASHRAE 55 Thermal 814 comfort requirements, ASHRAE 90.1 energy requirements 815


6. The Balance of Plant (BOP) control system manages this tie line requirement. 816 BOP systems range from manual to fully automated systems; however, the basic 817 control equation remains the same: control generation so that purchased or sold 818 kWh meets the tie line target. The BOP control system needs to know the net 819 kilowatt‐hours at the point of interconnection between the Industrial and the utility 820 (tie line). This may be provided by energy supplier metering, the customer’s 821 metering equipment, or by the BOP system itself. The BOP compares the predicted 822 kWh to the established target. If generation needs to be increased or decreased, the 823 BOP selects from the prioritized list of generators and issues a speed up or slow down 824 command. 825


Name

Facility Manager


Independent System Operator (ISO)

Energy Supplier

Financial Manager

Balance of Plant Control (BOP) System


Facility Loads


Table 6.1. Buy or Sell Electric Power Actors 829


ID Name

1 Weather data

3 Pricing Rules




21 Instantaneous Energy Usage for Generation

22 Available Generation

23 Actual Generation

24 Peak Generation

25 Generators


Table 6.2. Buy or Sell Electric Power Information Exchanged 834








BOP System (auto or manual) 6,7,8,9,A 1,3,5,6,7,8,9,A,10

Environmental manager



Table 6.3. Buy or Sell Electric Power Information Transactions 836



Energy Supplier

ESCOEnergy


ESI

Facility Manager

Financial Manager

BOP

OnsiteGeneration

3,9, 22,23

Customer Domain

22

3

3


1 3, 5

Operations Manager

Define Available Generation

23, 253

22,23

21

Define Generation Targets

Control generation to meet tie line requirmenets

Metering

840 Figure 6.1. Buy or Sell Power Use Case Diagram 841

842


UC7 Social, Environmental, and Regulatory Aspects of Energy 843 Consumed 844

Use Case Name 845 Customer includes social, environmental and regulatory aspects of energy consumed into 846 the business model. 847






Brief Description 852 A customer would like to include the social, environmental, and regulatory aspects of 853 energy consumed in their existing business models in order to track, communicate, 854 and/or better control these aspects. 855


Narrative 858 1. External Environmental, Social, and Regulatory Energy Related Information is 859

Gathered and Shared. Information on external environmental, social, and 860 regulatory energy usage of the premise is gathered and distributed. This information 861 is produced by the Energy Services Company, the Energy Information Provider, 862 and/of the Energy Supplier. The information is distributed to the following recipient: 863

a. The Environmental Manager. 864

2. Internal Environmental, Social, and Regulatory Energy Related Information is 865 Gathered and Shared. Information on environmental, social, and regulatory energy 866 usage of the premise is gathered from the energy related equipment onsite. This 867 equipment includes; Generation Capabilities, Energy Storage, and Thermal Storage. 868 The information is distributed to the following recipient: 869

a. Facilities Manager. 870


3. Internal Environmental, Social, and Regulatory Energy Related Information is 871 Compiled and Shared. Information on internal environmental, social, and regulatory 872 energy usage of the premise is compiled by the Facilities Manager. The information 873 is distributed to the following recipient: 874

a. The Environmental Manager. 875

4. Distribution of Environmental, Social, and Regulatory Energy Related 876 Information is compiled and used for the premise owner. The data provided 877 externally or internally to the Environmental Manager is compiled and used in best 878 way for premise owner business model. 879


Name

Facility Manager


Energy Information Provider

Energy Supplier

Environmental Manager

Table 7.1. Social, Environmental, and Regulatory Use Case Actors 883


ID Name

4 Energy Attributes

11 Onsite Generation Capabilities

12 Onsite Energy Storage

13 Thermal Energy Storage

16 Historical interval demand and power quality data

Table 7.2. Environmental, Social, and Regulatory Use Case Information 888

Information Transactions 889 Actor Information Information


Supplied (ID #) Consumed (ID #)

Facility Manager 11, 12, 13

Energy Services Company (ESCO) 4, 16

Energy Information Provider 4,16

Energy Supplier 4, 16

Environmental Manager 4, 11, 12, 13, 16

Table 7.3. Environmental, Social, and Regulatory Use Case Transactions 890


Generation

Electric Storage

Thermal Storage

ESI

Environmental Manager

Financial Manager

Energy Supplier


ESCO

4, 16 4, 16 4, 16

11

12

13

11,12, 13

Customer Domain

894 Figure 7.1. Environmental, Social, and Regulatory Use Case Diagram 895

896


UC8: Measure Plug Load to calculate Cost and Consumption 897

Use Case Name 898 Measure Plug Load to calculate Cost and Consumption 899






Brief Description 904 A customer would like to measure the energy usage of devices connected to an outlet or 905 circuit(s) and determine the associated cost of their consumption. The device may be a 906 temporary or permanent intermediary device depending on the type of device used to 907 provide the measurement. The devices which may be used for this purpose may be 908 classified in various categories depending on the electrical load placed upon them: 909

a. At the outlet level using an energy monitoring device. 910

b. At the circuit level using a Smart Power Distribution Unit (SPDU) (circuit level) 911

c. At the Panel Level using a Sub‐Meter 912

Related Use Cases 913 This use case is similar in scope to EIS‐UC‐9: Measure Equipment Power to calculate Cost 914 and Consumption. 915

Narrative 916 7. Energy Metering Equipment is installed. A networked device (an intelligent 917

endpoint) is installed to measure power consumption. There are multiple types of 918 metering devices, the typical case is that of a Smart Power Strip (SPS). 919

a. The Facility Manager/End Use Customer installs an SPS to measure energy and 920 calculate energy cost at the device or receptacle level. 921

b. The Facility Manager/End Use Customer installs an SPDU at the rack or room 922 level to measure energy and calculate energy cost at the circuit level. 923

c. The Facility Manager installs a Sub‐Meter to measure energy and calculate 924 energy cost at the building or floor level. 925


8. Energy Consumption Measurements are Made. The Energy Metering Equipment 926 will monitor and/or track energy usage of its connected load. It will need to know the 927 fixed or time varying price of energy at the time of energy consumption in order to 928 calculate energy costs. The provider of energy cost information can vary: 929

The Energy Metering Equipment obtains Customer‐specific fixed pricing or RTP 930 data tables from an Energy Services Company, Energy Information Provider, or 931 Energy Supplier through the Energy Services Interface (ESI). 932

9. The Energy Metering Equipment calculates (and may track) the Energy Cost of 933 attached load using measured energy consumption and Pricing at the time of 934 consumption. 935

a. If the customer has an Energy Management System (EMS) installed, it may 936 also receive the energy usage data from the Energy Metering Equipment as 937 well as Customer‐specific fixed pricing or RTP data tables from an Energy 938 Services Company, Energy Information Provider, or Energy Supplier through 939 the Energy Services Interface (ESI). The EMS may also calculate energy costs 940 for the loads attached to the Energy Metering Devices. 941

10. Energy Cost Information may be used in the following manner: 942

a. By the Facilities Manager to provide Facility, Cost Center, Departmental, or 943 Device level cost and usage reporting. 944

b. Used by an Energy Services Company to track Facility or Equipment 945 performance and analysis. 946

c. Used by an Energy Supplier to determine demand or validate Energy 947 Performance of Devices at contracted service level agreements. 948

d. Used by an EMS reporting application. 949

e. Displayed on an Intelligent HMI device to display cost and usage in order to 950 encourage energy conservation behaviors. 951


Actor Name

Facility Manager



Energy Supplier



Intelligent Sub‐Metering Device

Intelligent End Point


Table 8.1. Measure Plug Load to calculate Cost and Consumption Use Case Actors 955

956


ID Name

3 Pricing Rules

6 Instantaneous Energy Demand

17 Energy Cost

Table 8.2. Measure Plug Load to calculate Cost and Consumption Use Case Information 961

962



Facility Manager 6, 17

Energy Services Company (ESCO) 3 17

Energy Information Provider 3 17

Energy Supplier 3 17

Energy Management System 17 3, 6, 17

Intelligent Sub‐Metering Device 6, 17 3

Intelligent End Point 6,17

Intelligent HMI Energy Device 17

Table 8.3. Measure Plug Load to calculate Cost and Consumption Use Case Transactions 964

965



EMS

Intelligent Sub‐Meter


ESI

Facility Manager

Energy Supplier


ESCO

3

17

Customer Domain

17

Intelligent HMI Device

6

66

17

17

3 3 1717

3

3

17

969 Figure 8.1. Measure Plug Load to calculate Cost and Consumption Use Case Diagram 970

971


UC9: Measure Equipment Power to calculate Cost and 972 Consumption 973

Use Case Name 974 Measure Equipment Power to calculate Cost and Consumption 975






Brief Description 980 The customer would like to measure the energy consumption of a particular electronic 981 device and would like to determine the associated cost of its consumption. The 982 measurement device may be a temporary or permanent intermediary device or it may be 983 capable of measuring its own power consumption. Regardless, both of these types of 984 devices are intelligent endpoints. 985

a. At the equipment using a electric sub‐meter 986

b. The device of interest has communication capabilities and is capable of 987 measuring its own energy consumption 988

Related Use Cases 989 This use case is similar in scope to EIS‐UC‐8: Measure Plug Load to calculate Cost and 990 Consumption. 991

Narrative 992 1. Energy Metering Equipment is installed. A networked/non‐networked device (an 993

intelligent endpoint) is installed to measure power consumption. The typical case is 994 that of an electric sub‐meter. 995

a. The Facility Manager installs a sub‐meter to measure energy and calculate 996 energy cost at the device. 997

b. The Facility Manager configures the device of interest to measure energy 998 consumption. 999


2. Energy Consumption Measurements are Made. The Energy metering equipment 1000 will monitor and/or track energy usage of its connected load. It will need to know the 1001 fixed or time varying price of energy at the time of energy consumption in order to 1002 calculate energy costs. The provider of energy cost information can vary: 1003

a. The Energy Metering Equipment obtains Customer‐specific fixed pricing or 1004 RTP data tables from an Energy Services Company, Energy Information 1005 Provider, or Energy Supplier through the Energy Services Interface (ESI). 1006

3. The Energy Metering Equipment calculates (and may track) the Energy Cost of 1007 attached load using measured energy consumption and Pricing at the time of 1008 consumption. 1009

a. If the customer has an Energy Management System (EMS) installed, it may 1010 also receive the energy usage data from the Energy Metering Equipment as 1011 well as Customer‐specific fixed pricing or RTP data tables from an Energy 1012 Services Company, Energy Information Provider, or Energy Supplier through 1013 the Energy Services Interface (ESI). The EMS may also calculate energy costs 1014 for the loads attached to the Energy Metering Devices. 1015

4. Energy Cost Information may be used in the following manner: 1016

a. By the Facilities Manager to provide Facility, Cost Center, Departmental, or 1017 Device level cost and usage reporting. 1018

b. By an Energy Services Company to track Facility or Equipment performance 1019 and analysis. 1020

c. By an Energy Supplier to determine demand or validate Energy Performance 1021 of Devices at contracted service level agreements. 1022

d. By an EMS reporting application. 1023

e. Displayed on an Intelligent HMI device to display cost and usage in order to 1024 encourage energy conservation behaviors. 1025


Name

Facility Manager



Energy Supplier






Table 9.1. Measure Equipment Power Use Case Actors 1029

1030


ID Name

3 Pricing Rules


17 Energy Cost

Table 9.2. Measure Equipment Power Use Case Information 1035

1036







Energy Management System 17 3, 6, 17

Intelligent Sub‐Metering Device 6, 17 3



Table 9.3. Measure Equipment Power Use Case Transactions 1038

1039



EMS

Intelligent Sub‐Meter


ESI

Facility Manager

Energy Supplier


ESCO

3

17

Customer Domain

17

Intelligent HMI Device

6

66

17

17

3 3 1717

3

3

17

1043 Figure 9.1. Measure Equipment Power Use Case Diagram 1044

1045


UC10: Allocating Energy Costs 1046

Use Case Name 1047 Measure Energy to Allocate Energy Cost 1048






Brief Description 1053 A customer would like to measure energy cost and consumption in order to allocate 1054 energy costs. 1055

Related Use Cases 1056 This use case is similar in scope to EIS‐UC‐11: Measure Energy Cost, Emissions and 1057 Consumption for Display. 1058

Narrative 1059 1. Energy Metering Equipment is Installed. The existing Energy Management 1060

System (EMS) can be used to measure energy, or metering and sub‐metering 1061 equipment is installed. The metering is installed in areas that are being allocated 1062 costs of the energy that that particular area consumes. 1063

2. Energy Pricing Rules Are Determined. The Energy Pricing Rules are needed by 1064 the EMS and the Financial Manager to determine energy consumption costs. The 1065 Energy Pricing Rules are comprised of customer‐specific real‐time pricing (RTP) and 1066 demand‐interval data (demand rules, tariffs, previous high demand, etc.). The source 1067 of the Energy Pricing Rules can vary, as follows: 1068

a. The Energy Supplier provides the Energy Pricing Rules, 1069

b. The Energy Information Provider provides the Energy Pricing Rules, or 1070

c. The Energy Services Company (ESCO) provides the Energy Pricing Rules. 1071

3. The Cost Of Energy Is Determined and Validated. The Cost Of Energy over a 1072 specified time interval is needed by the Facility Manager and Operations Personnel 1073


for validating the energy bill and to re‐allocate energy costs. The source of the Cost 1074 Of Energy can vary, as follows: 1075

a. The Energy Services Company (ESCO) provides the total Cost Of Energy. 1076

b. The Energy Supplier provides the total Cost Of Energy. 1077

c. The EMS provides the Cost Of Energy using information from the sub‐meters 1078 and the energy pricing rules. 1079

4. Instantaneous Energy Costs are Allocated. Information on the current 1080 instantaneous energy usage of specific metered subloads is distributed. This 1081 information is produced by the EMS from its meters and is distributed to the 1082 following recipients: 1083

a. The End Use Customers so that they can manage their own energy usage 1084 patterns. 1085

b. The Financial Manager for calculating current energy costs by the metered 1086 loads. 1087

5. Interval (e.g. monthly) Energy Costs are Allocated. The cost of the energy over a 1088 period of time is allocated to particular End Use Customer by the Financial Manager. 1089 This allocation can be a bill (e.g. tenant billing), a cost accounting entry (e.g. budget 1090 allocation), or an informational report (e.g. monthly energy consumption report). 1091


Name

End Use Customer

Facility Manager



Energy Supplier

Financial Manager


Table 10.1. Allocating Energy Costs Use Case Actors 1095



ID Name

3 Pricing Rules


17 Energy Cost

Table 10.2. Allocating Energy Costs Use Case Information 1100



Operations Personnel 17

Facility Manager 17

Energy Services Company (ESCO) 3

Energy Information Provider 3, 17 6

Energy Supplier 3

Financial Manager 17 3, 6, 17

Energy Management System 6, 17 3

Table 10.3. Allocating Energy Costs Use Case Transactions 1102

1103



Energy Supplier

ESCOEnergy


ESI

Facility Manager Financial Manager

EMS

Intelligent Sub Meter


3

Energy M

etering Equipm

ent

Customer Domain

OperationsPersonnel

3 3

3,17

17

1733

17

176,17

17

17

6

1107 Figure 10.1. Allocating Energy Costs Use Case Diagram 1108

1109


UC11: Measure Energy Cost, Emissions and Consumption for 1110 Display 1111

Use Case Name 1112 Measure Energy Cost, Emissions and Consumption for Display 1113






Brief Description 1118 A customer would like to track energy cost, emissions and energy consumption in a 1119 report or a Human Machine Interface (HMI) display. 1120

Related Use Cases 1121 This use case is similar in scope to EIS‐UC‐10: Measure Energy to Allocate Energy Cost. 1122

Narrative 1123 1. Energy Attributes Are Determined. The Energy Attributes are needed by the 1124

EMS and/or Financial Manager the greenhouse gas content of the energy being 1125 consumed. It is anticipated that this information may change in near real‐time 1126 depending upon the mix of fuel sources used to create the energy being consumed. 1127 It is also anticipated that some customers may get energy from multiple sources. The 1128 source of the Energy Attributes can vary, as follows: 1129

a. The Energy Supplier provides its Energy Attributes, 1130

b. An Energy Information Provider provides the Energy Attributes of all of the 1131 Energy Suppliers of a customer, or 1132

c. The Energy Services Company (ESCO) provides the Energy Attributes of the 1133 energy it is managing. 1134

2. Energy Pricing Rules Are Determined. The Energy Pricing Rules are needed by 1135 the EMS and/or Financial Manager for determining the cost of the energy being 1136 consumed. The source of the Energy Pricing Rules can vary, as follows: 1137





3. Energy emissions are calculated. The consumption, pricing rules, and energy 1141 attributes are used to calculate the energy emissions. This information can be sent 1142 to: 1143

a. An Intelligent HMI display for viewing. 1144

b. An Energy Information Provider for benchmarking (e.g. Energy Start Rating) or 1145 regulatory reasons (e.g. Carbon Trading). 1146

4. Energy Cost and Energy Attributes are Shared. This information may be provided 1147 by the Financial Manager, Energy Information Provider or the EMS to the Intelligent 1148 HMI Energy Device for display. 1149

1150


Name



Energy Supplier

Financial Manager



Table 11.1. Measure Energy Cost, Emissions and Consumption for Display Use Case 1154 Actors 1155


ID Name

3 Pricing Rules

4 Energy Emissions



17 Energy Cost

18 Energy Attributes

Table 11.2. Measure Energy Cost, Emissions and Consumption for Display Use Case 1160 Information 1161



Energy Services Company (ESCO) 3, 4

Energy Information Provider 3, 4, 17, 18 6

Energy Supplier 3, 4

Financial Manager 17, 18 3, 6

Energy Management System 6, 17, 18 4,3

Intelligent HMI Energy Device 4,17, 18

Table 11.3. Measure Energy Cost, Emissions and Consumption for Display Use Case 1163 Transactions 1164


Energy Supplier

ESCOEnergy


ESI

Intelligent HMI

Financial Manager

EMS

Energy M

etering Equipm

ent

Customer Domain

3 3 333

66

17, 18

17,18

17,18

1168


Figure 11.1. Measure Energy Cost, Emissions and Consumption for Display Use Case 1169 Diagram 1170

1171


UC12: Measuring energy cost, emissions, and consumption to 1172 compare against building portfolio for benchmarking purposes 1173

Use Case Name 1174 Measure energy cost, emissions, and consumption to compare against building portfolio for 1175 benchmarking purposes. 1176






Brief Description 1181 The Industrial or Commercial customer would like to compare his/her energy profile (watts/ft2) 1182 against other individually metered buildings in his enterprise. It should be noted that in the case 1183 of the Industrial customer, this may be a “production site” rather than a physical building, as in 1184 the case of petroleum refineries, cement producers, etc. However, for this use case scenario the 1185 term “building” will be used to cover all scenarios. 1186

In the Residential market, this benchmarking may be used by the National Association of Home 1187 Builders with respect to programs such as Energy Star for Homes, LEED for Homes and LEED for 1188 Neighborhood Development. 1189

Related Use Cases 1190 This use case is similar in scope to EIS‐UC‐13: Measure energy cost, emissions and 1191 consumption to compare against similar buildings for benchmarking purposes. 1192


System (EMS) can be used to measure energy, or metering and sub‐metering 1195 equipment is installed. 1196

2. Energy Pricing Rules Are Determined. The Energy Pricing Rules are needed by 1197 the EMS for selecting pre‐set operational strategies and the Financial Manager for 1198 monitoring costs. The Energy Pricing Rules are comprised of customer‐specific real‐1199 time pricing (RTP) and demand‐interval data (demand rules, tariffs, previous high 1200 demand, etc.). The source of the Energy Pricing Rules can vary, as follows: 1201





3. The Cost Of Energy Is Determined. The Cost Of Energy over a specified time 1205 interval is needed by the Facility Manager and Operations Personnel for determining 1206 additional strategies to re‐allocate energy costs. The source of the Cost Of Energy 1207 can vary, as follows: 1208

a. The Energy Information Provider provides the Cost Of Energy, 1209

b. The Financial Manager provides the Cost Of Energy, or, 1210

c. The EMS provides the Cost Of Energy. 1211

4. Information on Aggregated Demand is Shared. Information on the aggregated 1212 energy usage of the building is distributed. This information is produced by the EMS 1213 from its meters and intelligent end points, is distributed to the following recipients: 1214

a. The Energy Information Provider (This is a new actor from the perspective of 1215 consuming the information. It is not only a provider, but consumes this 1216 information, as well), and 1217

b. The Financial Manager. 1218

5. The Use of Energy is Normalized. Benchmarking of building energy performance 1219 requires the use of normalized data to compensate for regional differences with 1220 respect to weather and climate. Additional normalization may occur such that 1221 buildings of a similar type and mission are compared. The energy consumption of a 1222 high rise office building would be very different from the energy used in a production 1223 facility. This information is produced by the Energy Information Provider and is 1224 distributed to the following recipients: 1225

a. The Energy Management System, and 1226


6. The Aggregated Energy Usage Information is Shared. The energy usage 1228 information (Energy Cost per unit of time, Energy Attributes per kW) for buildings 1229 participating in the benchmarking is shared, for comparison purposes. This 1230 Information is provided by the Energy Information Provider or by the Energy 1231 Management System, and is distributed to the following recipients: 1232

a. The Facility Manager, and 1233




Name

Facility Manager



Energy Supplier

Financial Manager


Table 12.1. Measure energy cost, emissions, and consumption to compare against 1238 building portfolio for benchmarking purposes Use Case Actors 1239


ID Name

1 Weather

3 Pricing Rules

4 Energy Attributes

5 Instantaneous Energy Use, Aggregated



17 Energy Cost

18 Energy Attributes per kW

Table 12.2. Measure energy cost, emissions, and consumption to compare against 1244 building portfolio for benchmarking purposes Use Case Information 1245



Facility Manager 1,3,4,5,16,17,18 Energy Services Company (ESCO) 3,4 Energy Information Provider 1,3,4,5,16,17,18 Energy Supplier 3,4


Financial Manager 1,3,5,16,17,18 Energy Management System 1,5,16,17,18 3,4

Table 12.3. Measure energy cost, emissions, and consumption to compare against 1247 building portfolio for benchmarking purposes Use Case Transactions 1248

1249


Energy Supplier

ESCOEnergy


ESI


EMS



Energy M

etering Equipm

ent

Customer Domain

3,171, 3,4,16,17,18

33

1, 5, 16,17,18

6

3,4

1, 5, 16,17,18

3,43

3

1253 Figure 12.1. Measure energy cost, emissions, and consumption to compare against 1254 building portfolio for benchmarking purposes Use Case Diagram 1255

1256


UC13: Measuring energy cost, emissions and consumption to 1257 compare against similar buildings for benchmarking purposes. 1258

Use Case Name 1259 Measure energy cost, emissions and consumption to compare against similar buildings for 1260 benchmarking purposes. 1261






Brief Description 1266 The customer would like to compare his/her energy profile (watts/ft2) against other individually 1267 metered buildings external to his enterprise. It should be noted that in the case of the Industrial 1268 customer, this may be a “production site” rather than a physical building, as in the case of 1269 petroleum refineries, cement producers, etc. However, for this use case scenario the term 1270 “building” will be used to cover all scenarios. 1271

In the Residential market, this benchmarking may be used by the National Association of Home 1272 Builders with respect to programs such as ‐ Energy Star for Homes, LEED for Homes and LEED for 1273 Neighborhood Development. In the commercial (and industrial?) market, this benchmarking data 1274 may come from sources such as the Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) 1275 or, eventually ASHRAE’s Building Energy Labeling (ABEL) program. 1276

Related Use Cases 1277 This use case builds on UC12: Measure energy cost, emissions, and consumption to 1278 compare against building portfolio for benchmarking purposes. 1279

Narrative 1280 1. Building Energy Consumption is Determined. An Energy Information Provider 1281

receives interval (e.g. monthly) energy consumption and attribute information for the 1282 building being benchmarked from outside the Customer Domain. It may come from 1283 the Energy Provider back‐office systems (e.g. OpenADE), directly from the Energy 1284 Provider’s smart meter, or from an Energy Services Company (Aggregator). 1285


2. The Use of Energy is Normalized. Benchmarking of building energy performance 1286 requires the use of normalized data to compensate for regional differences with 1287 respect to weather and climate. Additional normalization may occur such that 1288 buildings of a similar type and mission are compared. The energy consumption of a 1289 high rise office building would be very different from the energy used in a production 1290 facility. This Building Energy Report is produced by the Energy Information Provider 1291 and is distributed to the following recipients: 1292

a. The Energy Management System, and 1293

b. The Facility Manager, and 1294

c. The Intelligent HMI Energy Device, and (this makes the assumption that this 1295 does not depend on information from the EMS but, that it is a direct recipient 1296 of the information. Think of a Residential touch screen interface) 1297

d. The Financial Manager. 1298


Name

Facility Manager


Financial Manager



Table 13.1. Measure energy cost, emissions and consumption to compare against similar 1302 buildings for benchmarking purposes Use Case Actors 1303



ID Name

19 Building Report – Common Data

Table 13.2. Measure energy cost, emissions and consumption to compare against similar 1308 buildings for benchmarking purposes Use Case Information 1309



Facility Manager 19 Energy Information Provider 19 Financial Manager 19 Energy Management System 19 Intelligent HMI Energy Device 19 Table 13.3. Measure energy cost, emissions and consumption to compare against similar 1311

buildings for benchmarking purposes Use Case Transactions 1312

1313



Energy Supplier

ESCOEnergy


ESI


EMS


IntelligentHMI

Energy M

etering Equipm

ent

Customer Domain

19

19

19

19

1317 Figure 13.1. Measure energy cost, emissions and consumption to compare against similar 1318 buildings for benchmarking purposes 1319

1320


UC14: Validate Energy Consumption 1321

Use Case Name 1322 Measure Energy to validate Energy Consumption 1323






Brief Description 1328 A customer would like to perform measurement and verification (M&V) of an energy 1329 efficiency upgrade, in a time of use pricing or demand response environment, using 1330 temporary measurement equipment. 1331


Narrative 1334 1. Equipment Upgrade is Contracted. There are three variants in this step 1335

depending upon who is paying for the upgrade. 1336

a. The Facility Manager contracts with an ESCO to replace one or more pieces of 1337 equipment. The contract requires guaranteed energy cost savings. 1338

b. The Facility Manager contracts with an ESCO to replace one or more pieces of 1339 equipment. The ESCO and Facility Manager shares any energy cost savings. 1340

c. The Facility Manager contracts with an ESCO to replace one or more pieces of 1341 equipment. The Energy Supplier requires validated energy reduction to 1342 provide energy efficiency incentive. 1343

2. Energy Metering Equipment is Installed. Depending upon the equipment being 1344 upgraded, the Energy Management System or even the equipment being upgraded 1345 can be used to meter energy. The typical case is that temporary metering equipment 1346 is installed. 1347

a. The ESCO installs a temporary Intelligent Sub‐Metering Device to measure 1348 energy and calculate energy cost. 1349


b. The ESCO uses a pre‐installed Intelligent End Point (IEP) to measure energy 1350 and calculate energy cost. 1351

c. The ESCO uses a pre‐installed Energy Management System (EMS) to measure 1352 energy and calculate energy cost. 1353

3. Baseline Measurements are Made. The Energy metering equipment needs to 1354 know the time varying price of energy and the demand intervals in order to calculate 1355 energy cost savings. Who provides this information is provided can vary. 1356

a. The Energy Metering equipment obtains Customer‐specific RTP data tables 1357 and demand interval data from an Energy Information Provider through the 1358 Energy Services Interface (ESI). 1359

b. The Energy Metering equipment obtains Customer‐specific RTP data tables 1360 and demand interval data from an Energy Aggregator through the Energy 1361 Services Interface (ESI). 1362

c. The Energy Metering equipment obtains Customer‐specific RTP data tables 1363 and demand interval data from the retail Energy Supplier through the Energy 1364 Services Interface (ESI). 1365

4. Energy Metering Equipment Provides Baseline Energy Consumption to Validate 1366 Energy Efficiency Incentives. This information may go to one or more actors 1367 depending upon who is doing the energy accounting. 1368

a. The Energy Metering Equipment provides baseline energy consumption to the 1369 Energy Information Provider through the Energy Services Interface (ESI). 1370

b. The Energy Metering Equipment provides baseline energy consumption to the 1371 Energy Aggregator through the Energy Services Interface (ESI). 1372

c. The Energy Metering Equipment provides baseline energy consumption to the 1373 retail Energy Supplier through the Energy Services Interface (ESI). 1374

5. Energy Metering Equipment Provides Baseline Energy Consumption and Cost for 1375 Contract Fulfillment. This information may go one or more actors depending upon 1376 who is doing the cost accounting. 1377

a. The Energy Metering Equipment Provides Baseline Energy Consumption and 1378 Cost to the Facility Manager. 1379

b. The Energy Metering Equipment Provides Baseline Energy Consumption and 1380 Cost to an Intelligent Human Machine Interface (HMI) device. 1381

c. The Energy Metering Equipment Provides Baseline Energy Consumption and 1382 Cost to the Financial Manager. 1383

6. Equipment is Upgraded. After the baseline is captured, the upgrade is installed. 1384


7. Post‐Upgrade Measurements are Made. The Energy metering equipment needs 1385 to know the time varying price of energy and the demand intervals in order to 1386 calculate energy cost savings. Who provides this information is provided can vary. 1387

a. The Energy Metering equipment obtains Customer‐specific RTP data tables 1388 and demand interval data from an Energy Information Provider through the 1389 Energy Services Interface (ESI). 1390

b. The Energy Metering equipment obtains Customer‐specific RTP data tables 1391 and demand interval data from an Energy Aggregator through the Energy 1392 Services Interface (ESI). 1393

c. The Energy Metering equipment obtains Customer‐specific RTP data tables 1394 and demand interval data from a retail Energy Supplier through the Energy 1395 Services Interface (ESI). 1396

8. Energy Metering Equipment Provides Post‐Upgrade Energy Consumption for 1397 Energy Efficiency Incentives. This information may go to one or more actors 1398 depending upon who is doing the energy accounting. 1399

a. The Energy Metering Equipment provides post‐upgrade energy consumption 1400 to the Energy Information Provider through the Energy Services Interface 1401 (ESI). 1402

b. The Energy Metering Equipment provides post‐upgrade energy consumption 1403 to the Energy Aggregator through the Energy Services Interface (ESI). 1404

c. The Energy Metering Equipment provides post‐upgrade energy consumption 1405 to the retail Energy Supplier through the Energy Services Interface (ESI). 1406

9. Energy Metering Equipment Provides Post‐Upgrade Energy Consumption and 1407 Cost for Contract Fulfillment. This information may go one or more actors 1408 depending upon who is doing the cost accounting. 1409

a. The Energy Metering Equipment Provides post‐upgrade Energy Consumption 1410 and Cost to the Facility Manager. 1411

b. The Energy Metering Equipment Provides post‐upgrade Energy Consumption 1412 and Cost to an Intelligent Human Machine Interface (HMI) device. 1413

c. The Energy Metering Equipment Provides post‐upgrade Energy Consumption 1414 and Cost to the Financial Manager. 1415

10. Settlement. With the pre and post upgrade energy consumption and costs, the 1416 savings can be calculated. The actors depend upon how the contact was created. 1417

a. The Facility Manager and ESCO agree on energy cost savings by comparing 1418 baseline to post‐upgrade energy costs. 1419

b. The Facility Manager and Energy Supplier (Operations) agree on energy 1420 reduction by comparing baseline to post‐upgrade energy consumption. Utility 1421 Operations authorizes energy efficiency incentive. 1422


1423


Name

Facility Manager



Energy Supplier

Financial Manager





Table 14.1. Validate Energy Consumption Use Case Actors 1427

1428


ID Name

3 Pricing Rules


16 Interval Energy Demand

17 Energy Cost

Table 14.2. Validate Energy Consumption Use Case Information 1433

1434








Financial Manager 16, 17

Energy Management System 16, 17 3, 6, 16, 17

Intelligent Sub‐Metering Device 6, 16, 17 3

Intelligent End Point 3

Intelligent HMI Energy Device 16, 17

Table 14.3. Validate Energy Consumption Use Case Transactions 1436

1437


Energy Supplier

ESCOEnergy


ESI

Intelligent HMI

Facility Manager

Financial Manager

EMS



16 , 17

16 , 17

16 , 17

Energy M

etering Equipm

ent

Customer Domain

16

3

16 16

3 3

1441 Figure 14.1. Validate Energy Consumption Use Case Diagram 1442

1443


UC15: Communicate Generation for Grid Maintenance and 1444 Planning 1445

Use Case Name 1446 Communicate Generation Status for Grid Maintenance and Planning 1447






Brief Description 1452 The Service Provider needs to understand status of any customer internal Distributed 1453 Generation Resources prior to performing distribution system maintenance. This 1454 information is also valuable for system planning, for example when the Energy Service 1455 Provider is considering upgrades to the customer’s distribution infrastructure. 1456


Narrative 1459 Overview: This use case covers grid maintenance in the presence of customer on‐site 1460 generation (and storage) capacity. The utility wants to know the generation status now 1461 and in the near future to ensure employee safety while performing grid maintenance. 1462 Though on‐site energy generation must be disconnected from the grid when no energy is 1463 detected (entering from the grid), it may be useful for utility or service provider 1464 employees to have information about the on‐site capabilities to ensure employees 1465 remain safe while performing system maintenance. It is also useful for customers to 1466 know about grid maintenance in advance to ensure they have enough on‐site energy to 1467 meet planned production needs. With respect to utility employee safety, this 1468 information is not a fail‐safe method for identifying on‐site generation—but it can 1469 provide utilities with additional insight. 1470

1. Energy generation or storage equipment is on the customer premise. There 1471 are a number of ways a customer can provide on‐site energy generation/storage. 1472 They may deploy fuel powered gen sets, motor generators, renewable generation or 1473


batteries (to list a few). These resources may operate autonomously or in 1474 conjunction with grid power. It’s up to the customer to balance load and generation 1475 sources. 1476

2. Energy Management System provides a summary of on‐site generation capacity 1477 and status. This information may go to one or more actors depending upon who is 1478 performing grid maintenance. 1479

a. The Energy Management System collects on‐site generation capacity and 1480 status information from the distributed generation equipment (intelligent end 1481 devices), automated maintenance management systems, or 1482 Operations/Facilities input in order to summarize the capabilities and status 1483 for the ESCO and the Energy Supplier. 1484

3. The ESCO or Energy Supplier acknowledges receipt of on‐site generation status 1485 message. The utility confirms that it has knowledge of the customer’s on‐site 1486 generation capability and status. 1487


Name


Energy Supplier



Table 15.1. Communicate Generation Status for Grid Maintenance Use Case Actors 1491

1492


ID Name

11 Onsite generation capabilities (and availability‐‐spinning and non‐spinning reserves)

12 Onsite energy storage (and availability)

Table 15.2. Communicate Generation Status for Grid Maintenance Use Case Information 1497

1498




Energy Services Company (ESCO) 11,12

Energy Supplier 11,12

Energy Management System 11,12


Table 15.3. Communicate Generation Status for Grid Maintenance 1500


1504 Figure 15.1. Communicate Generation Status for Grid Maintenance Use Case Diagram 1505

1506

1507


UC16: Receive Grid Maintenance Planning Information 1508

Use Case Name 1509 Receive Grid Maintenance Planning Information 1510







Brief Description 1517 A customer would like receive grid maintenance planning information from the utility to 1518 enable effective planning and cooperation. With advanced knowledge of scheduled 1519 disruptions, or scheduled maintenance which may change the delivered power quality 1520 attributes, a customer may schedule production or other activities differently. 1521

Narrative 1522 Overview: This use case covers the communication by the utility to the customer of 1523 planned maintenance events which will or could result in outages or lower power quality 1524 being received by the customer. Both outages and power quality degradation can 1525 negatively impact various operational processes to reduce production quality, 1526 throughput and equipment tolerances. 1527

1. Energy Supplier or Energy Services Company schedules a planned maintenance 1528 event with potential negative impact on delivered power quality. The following are 1529 the attributes of this planned event which are of interest to the customer. 1530

a. The planned maintenance has a scheduled starting time and a projected 1531 completion time. 1532

b. The planned maintenance event has a potential to negatively impact the 1533 delivered power quality to a known population of customers. This potential 1534 impact should be quantified or qualified (tiered?). 1535


2. Energy Supplier or ESCO communicates the above attributes to the population 1536 of potentially impacted customers. The customers will evaluate the notice provided 1537 to determine whether or not any changes to their operational plans are required. 1538

3. The customer acknowledges receipt of the communication and evaluates what 1539 impact this should have on production activities. The “customer” may be the 1540 Operations or Facility Manager, or an Energy Management System or Intelligent HMI 1541 Energy Device. 1542

a. The customer may delay or reschedule production activities to be outside the 1543 planned window of grid maintenance. 1544

b. The customer may determine that the risk or the impact is insignificant and 1545 not modify any production activities. 1546

4. Energy Supplier communicates when grid maintenance is complete, or that the 1547 maintenance window is being extended. The Energy Supplier will communicate 1548 completion of the grid maintenance activity or that the planned completion time has 1549 been pushed back. 1550

a. The customer will acknowledge receipt of the communication. 1551

b. The customer will adjust his/her production activities accordingly. 1552


Name

Operations Manager

Facility Manager


Energy Supplier



Table 16.1. Receive Grid Maintenance Planning Information Use Case Actors 1556

1557


ID Name


2 Power Quality

Table 16.2. Receive Grid Maintenance Planning Information Use Case Information 1562

1563



Operations Manager 2

Facility Manager 2


Energy Supplier 2

Energy Management System 2


Table 16.3. Receive Grid Maintenance Planning Information Use Case Transactions 1565



Energy Supplier

ESCOEnergy


ESI

Facility Manager

Financial Manager

EMS


Customer Domain

2

2

2

2

Operations Manager

2

2

1569 Figure 16.1 Receive Grid Maintenance Planning Information Use Case Diagram 1570

1571


UC17: Receive Instantaneous Power Quality to Validate Power 1572 SLA 1573

Use Case Name 1574 Receive Instantaneous Power Quality to Validate Power SLA 1575






Brief Description 1580 A utility offers a Service Level Agreement (SLA) on power quality to a customer. The 1581 customer receives power quality information in real‐time from the utility. The customer 1582 can track and project performance against the SLA over various periods of time. 1583


Narrative 1586 Overview: This use case covers the communication by the utility to the customer of 1587 instantaneous power quality being delivered to the customer. 1588

1. Energy Supplier or Energy Services Company communicates instantaneous 1589 power quality measures to customers. 1590

a. The power quality measurements must be determined at the service 1591 entrance, not further upstream into the grid. 1592

2. The customer is interested in receiving this information. 1593

a. The utility may have entered into a Service Level Agreement (SLA) with the 1594 customer detailing a contracted level of power quality performance over a 1595 period of time. 1596

b. The customer may not have an SLA with the utility, but may still be interested 1597 in tracking and measuring power quality attributes as it impacts their 1598 production activities. 1599


3. The customer acknowledges receipt of the communication of the power quality 1600 reporting. The “customer” may be the Operations or Facility Manager, or an Energy 1601 Management System or Intelligent HMI Energy Device. 1602

a. The customer may collect the data, trend and report as appropriate. 1603

b. The Financial Manager or Energy Information Provider may utilize this 1604 information in negotiations and price adjustments with the utility. 1605


Name

Operations Manager

Facility Manager



Energy Supplier

Financial Manager



Table 17.1. Receive Instantaneous Power Quality to Validate Power SLA Use Case Actors 1609


ID Name

2 Power Quality

Table 17.2. Receive Instantaneous Power Quality to Validate Power SLA Use Case 1614 Information 1615



Operations Manager 2

Facility Manager 2



Energy Information Provider 2

Energy Supplier 2

Financial Manager 2

Energy Management System 2


Table 17.3. Receive Instantaneous Power Quality to Validate Power SLA Use Case 1617 Transactions 1618


Energy Supplier

ESCOEnergy


ESI

Facility Manager

Financial Manager

EMS


Customer Domain

2

2

2

2

Operations Manager

2

2

1622 Figure 17.1 Validate Energy Consumption Use Case Diagram 1623

1624


UC‐18: Use Case to Loads Controlled by an External Source 1625

Use Case Name 1626 Load(s) Controlled by External Source 1627






Brief Description 1632 A customer would like to participate in Direct Load Control by an external source. Load(s) 1633 have ability to react to a control signal and do or don’t send response indication. This 1634 can include multiple loads with individual end point controls. 1635

Use Case assumes there is no master control capability on site. 1636

Related Use Cases 1637 None. 1638

Narrative 1639 1640

1. End Point Control Agreement is Contracted. There is no master energy control 1641 system in place. There are two variants to installation: 1642

a. The Facility Manager contracts for direct load control on end point load(s) 1643 without regard to pricing signal and may or may not send verification signal 1644

b. The Facility Manager contracts for direct load control on end point load(s), 1645 receives pricing signal from provider and each load determines response to 1646 signal and may or may not send verification signal. 1647

2. End Point Control Equipment is Installed. 1648

a. End Point Control Equipment may be installed directly by provider 1649

b. End Point Control Equipment may be installed by Facility Manager and 1650 provisioned by provider 1651

1652



Name


Energy Supplier


Table 18.1. Validate Energy Consumption Use Case Actors 1656

1657


ID Name

3 Pricing Rules


21 Equipment State

Table 18.2. Validate Energy Consumption Use Case Information 1662

1663




21 3, 21

Energy Supplier 21 3, 21

Intelligent End Point 6, 21 21

Table 18.3. Validate Energy Consumption Use Case Transactions 1665

1666



Energy Supplier

ESCO

ESI

EMS



Energy M

etering Equipm

ent

Customer Domain

21

21

21

21

21

21

1670 Figure 18.1. Validate Energy Consumption Use Case Diagram 1671

1672


UC19: Use Case to Choose Response to DR Signal 1673

Use Case Name 1674 Make Choices Regarding DR Signal from Utility 1675






Brief Description 1680 A customer would like premise EMI or end point load(s) to determine response type to 1681 DR signal from utility. Based on level of intelligence, load control system takes actions 1682 necessary to optimize premise requirements and energy consumption. 1683

Related Use Cases 1684 None. 1685


System (EMS) can be used to measure energy, or metering and submetering 1688 equipment is installed. Two cases exist: 1689

a. The existing EMS has the necessary meters and submeters already installed. 1690 Installers and service technicians of premise equipment are provided 1691 information (auto or manual) to optimize building requirements and energy 1692 efficiency 1693

b. The necessary meters and submeters are added to the EMS. 1694

2. Energy Pricing Rules Are Distributed. The Energy Pricing Rules are needed by the 1695 EMS (for selecting pre‐set operational strategies), intelligent end point loads, 1696 intelligent sub‐metering devices, HMI, and the Landlord or Homeowner for 1697 monitoring costs. The Energy Pricing Rules are comprised of customer‐specific real‐1698 time pricing (RTP) and demand‐interval data (demand rules, tariffs, previous high 1699 demand, etc.). The source of the Energy Pricing Rules can vary, as follows: 1700





3. DR signal is acted on based on pre‐set operational strategies. DR signal 1704 information is received, distributed and/or acted on by EMS, intelligent sub‐metering 1705 devices, landlord or homeowner via HMI. 1706

1707


Actor Name




Energy Supplier





Home Owner

Landlord

Installer (service tech)

1711 Table 19.1. Choose Response to DR Signal Use Case Actors 1712

1713


ID Name

1 Weather

3 Pricing Rules


4 Energy Attributes

5 Instantaneous Energy Use


7 Available Sheddable Load

8 Non Sheddable Critical Load

15 Forecasted Demand

1718 Table 19.2. Choose Response to DR Signal Use Case Information 1719

1720




1,3,4,5

Energy Information Provider 1,3,4,5 5,6,7,8,15

Energy Supplier 3,4,5

Energy Management System 5,15 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,15


6

Intelligent End Point 6

Intelligent HMI Energy Device 5,6


Home Owner 1,3,4,7,8,15 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,15

Landlord 1,3,4,7,8,15

Installer (or service technician)

3,4,7,8

Table 19.3. Choose Response to DR Signal Use Case Transactions 1722

1723



Energy Supplier

ESCOEnergy


ESI

Intelligent HMI

Installer /Service Tech

EMS

Energy M

etering Equipm

ent

Customer Domain

1

Homeowner /Landlord


IntelligentSub Meter

IntelligentEnd Point

1

7,8

3,4,5

3,4,5

5

5 5

5 51,3,4,5 1,3,4,5

1,3,4,5 1,3,4,5

5

5

56

6

66

6

6

66

1,3,4,7,8,15

3,4,7,8

3,4,7,8

1727 Figure 19.1. Choose Response to DR Signal Use Case Diagram 1728

1729


Appendix A: Actor (Stakeholder) Descriptions 1730 1731 Name Type Description

Facility Manager Person Person responsible for the maintenance and operation of the facility. In the Residential market, this is the home owner, or building superintendent.

End Use Customer Person Residential customer or other person in a commercial/industrial building that is consuming energy. This customer may also be an entity (e.g. department, tenant) within a larger building.


Organization Business providing energy savings, efficiency, and generation solutions.

Energy Information Provider Organization Business providing energy supply or demand information.

Energy Supplier Organization A company that delivers electricity to end use customers.

Energy Management System Device A system used to monitor and control the energy consuming devices in a building.


Device A system that measures, collects, and analyzes energy cost/consumption of external equipment.

Intelligent End Point Device A system that internally measures, collects, and analyzes its energy cost/consumption. Examples: Smart Power Strip, Smart Power Distribution Unit

Intelligent HMI Energy Device Device A device that is capable of displaying power consumption of one or more devices, areas, buildings, or campuses.

Intelligent HMI Energy Device Device A system that displays information on the energy cost/consumption of one or more devices in a building.

HMI = Human, Machine Interface.

This could be a stand‐alone device, separate from an EMS or, it could be a display connected to an EMS. Examples include


Touch‐screen interface for system control in a home, an energy kiosk in a lobby, etc.

Financial Manager Person Person that is responsible for cost accounting and developing financial strategies for an industrial or commercial business.

Home Owner Person Owner of residence

Landlord Person Owner or manager of multi‐premise dwelling

Installer (service tech) Person Installer of intelligent end‐point loads, DR loads, or EMS system and components

Operations Manager Person Person that is responsible for the production activities within an industrial or commercial building.

Table A.1. Customer Domain Use Case Actors 1732

1733 1734


Appendix B: Information Exchange Table 1735 1736 ID Name Description

1 Weather Forecast weather, and related conditions, including: temperature, relative humidity, hours of sunshine, sunrise, sunset, precipitation, wind speed and direction, ozone, smog, particulates, allergens, etc.

2 Power Quality Various attributes of Power Quality on both an instantaneous as well as historical or scheduled (future) perspective. Attributes would include appropriate elements of the following:

• Communication time stamp

• Power availability

• Power quality (voltage, frequency, harmonics)

• Scheduled Maintenance start time

• Scheduled Maintenance completion time

• Scheduled Maintenance quantified or qualified projected impact on power quality during the Maintenance window

3 Pricing Rules Customer‐specific real‐time pricing (RTP) data tables and demand interval data (e.g. demand rules, tariffs, previous highest demand etc)

4 Energy Attributes Information used to quantify the environmental burden created during the generation of the power. This could be power received from an energy supplier or, it could pertain to energy generated onsite (e.g. Carbon, CO2, NOx, other by‐products of fossil‐fuel combustion).

5 Instantaneous Energy Use, Aggregated

Instantaneous energy usage of the facility or production site, as an aggregate.


Instantaneous energy usage of the sub loads being monitored (conditional on sub metering installed).

7 Available Shed‐able Load

Individual loads and their aggregate value that may be shed to reduce power demand

8 Critical Load Individual loads deemed to be critical, and their aggregate value, which may not be shed

9 State Change How quickly sub loads can respond to a shed command to


Interval reduce power demand


Existing peak demand in current billing period; existing maximum demand during ratchet demand period

11 Onsite generation capabilities (and availability‐‐spinning and non‐spinning reserves)

The on‐site generation capabilities, current and future status are summarized.

12 Onsite energy storage (and availability)

The on‐site energy storage capacity as well as current and future status is summarized. To the outside, on‐site energy storage is stored energy that will appear as generation capacity.

13 Onsite thermal storage

The capacity and availability of on‐site thermal energy storage.

14 Loads to Shed Specific loads the EMS commands to shed.

15 Demand Forecast Forecasted demand (based on production schedule and historical data).


Historical information about the energy consumed per block of time (e.g. 15 minute sliding window), as well as the power quality data for that block of time.

17 Energy Cost Energy cost per unit of time (e.g. minute, hour).

18 Energy Attributes per kW

“Energy Attributes” (ID 4, above) per kilowatt of power used.

19 Building Report – Common Data

Information related to building energy usage information, including information about consumption, cost, and emissions.

20 Load Characteristics

Efficiency, RLA, LRA, etc.

21 Instantaneous Energy Usage for Generation

Instantaneous energy usage of the generation being monitored (conditional on sub metering installed).

22 Available Generation

Individual generators and their aggregate value that may be raised to meet tie line requirements

23 Actual Generation Individual generation, and their aggregate value, which may be increased or decreased

24 Reserved for future use.

25 Generators Specific generators the BOP control system commands to raise


or lower


A prediction of the power demand during the current demand interval

Table B.1. Customer Domain Use Case Information Exchange 1737

1738 1739


Appendix C: Use Case Diagram Explanation 1740 1741 Use Case diagrams are intended to be visual representation of the functionality provided within 1742 a use case. As shown in Figure C.1, the diagrams in this document consist of the following 1743 components: 1744

1. External Actors. External actors are entities, devices, or people that are 1745 producing or consuming use case information outside of the customer domain. 1746 Typical external actors include the Energy Supplier or Energy Information Provider. 1747

2. Internal Actors. Internal actors are entities, devices, or people that are producing 1748 or consuming use case information inside of the customer domain. Typical internal 1749 actors include a Facility Manager, Financial Manager, or Energy Management System. 1750

3. Customer Domain. The Customer Domain is the equipment and physical 1751 premises owned by the customer. The customer domain can be a residence, multi‐1752 tenant building, commercial building/campus, or industrial building/campus. 1753

4. Energy Services interface. The Energy Services Interface (ESI) is the gateway 1754 between the internal and external actors. This interface bridges the customer 1755 domain to the external world. 1756

5. Sub‐domain. A sub‐domain is typically equipment that performs a similar 1757 function. For example, equipment that can perform metering, like a submeter, 1758 energy management system, and intelligent end devices may be considered an 1759 energy metering sub‐domain. 1760

6. Information Transaction. An information transaction is an indication that an 1761 actor is producing information that is consumed by another actor. The direction of 1762 the arrow on this transaction indicates the consumer of the information. 1763

7. Information Exchanged. The information exchanged is an indication of the types 1764 of information that is passed in an Information Transaction. The ordinals are 1765 references to a data table that lists the characteristics of the data being passed. 1766

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External Actor

External Actor

External Actor

Energy Services Interface

Device Actor

Human Actor

Human Actor

Device Actor

Device Actor

Device Actor

x, y, z (Information Exchanged)

Subd

omain

Customer Domain

(Information

Transaction

)

(Information Transaction through ESI)

1768 Figure C.1. Use Case Diagram Legend 1769

1770


1771

Appendix D: Glossary 1772 Acronym Name Description

ASHRAE American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air‐Conditioning Engineers

International technical society focused on heating, ventilation, air‐conditioning, and refrigeration equipment.

ABEL ASHRAE Building Energy Labeling

Commercial building energy labeling program managed by ASHRAE.

BOP Balance of Plant A manual or automatic control system used to monitor and control the making, taking (buying) from the grid or supplying (selling) of electricity to the grid.

Bus Bar Cost The cost per kilowatt hour of producing electricity; it includes the cost of capital, debt service, operation and maintenance, and fuel. The power plant bus, or busbar, is that point beyond the generator but prior to the voltage transformation point in the plant switchyard.

CBECS Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey

A national sample survey that collects information on the stock of U.S. commercial buildings.

EIS Energy Information Standards Standards that define the creation and consumption characteristics of energy used within a residential, commercial, or industrial building.

EMS Energy Management System A system used to monitor and control the energy consuming devices in a building.

ESCO Energy Services Company Business providing energy savings, efficiency, and generation solutions.

ESI Energy Services Interface The point of demarcation between the customer domain and the remainder of the smart electric grid.

ESP Energy Service Provider Energy Service Providers include utilities, energy information providers, and bill handling services.

HMI Human Machine Interface A system in which people interact with a


machine, typically graphically.

IEP Intelligent End Point A system that internally measures, collects, and analyzes its energy cost/consumption.

KW Kilo Watt Unit of measure for electrical power, equal to one thousand watts.

LEED Leadership in Energy Efficiency Design

An internationally recognized green building certification program administered by the US Green Buildings Council (USGBC).

LRA Locked Rotor Amps The magnitude of the inrush current measured when AC motors are started with full voltage.

M&V Measurement and Verification

Energy measurements that can be determined to a degree of accuracy and trust that is acceptable to all stakeholders.

OpenADE Open Automated Data Exchange

A collection of requirements for a Standardized Machine‐to‐Machine (M2M) interface that permits utilities to share, at the consumer’s request and under the consumer’s direction, a broad set of that consumer’s utility data with specific 3rd Parties.

Production Production output is dependent upon the specific domain. In industrial domain, production may be goods produced. In retail this may be goods sold. In healthcare this may be patient and staff health. In education, this may be test scores and occupant health.

RTP Real Time Pricing The price a consumer pays for electricity that varies based upon the wholesale electricity market prices.

RLA Rated Load Amps The designed safe operating load for the equipment under prescribed conditions.

SLA Service Level Agreement A part of a service contract where the level of service is formally agreed upon.

SPDU Smart Power Distribution Unit A device that measures and distributes electric power to an electrical circuit.

SPS Smart Power Strip A residential power strip that measures electrical power being drawn by the connected equipment.


Tie Line A connection between a customer and a utility provider through which power is bought and sold.

UC Use Case A story, told in structured and detailed steps, about how participants in an Application collaborate to reach a goal.

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