information exchange in botanical garden networks
DESCRIPTION
Information Exchange in Botanical Garden Networks. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Streamlining A&BS. Workable Transactions Protection Enforcement . Access and Benefit Sharing. Working with different partners (MoU & MoC) Taxonomic / applied research Basic research - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Information Exchange
in Botanical Garden NetworksRoyal Botanic Gardens Kew
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Streamlining A&BS
• Workable Transactions
• Protection
• Enforcement
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Access and Benefit Sharing
• Working with different partners (MoU & MoC)
• Taxonomic / applied research
• Basic research
• Importance of definitions
• Commercial: active extracts/compounds, horticultural, knowledge (traditional)
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Convention on Biological Diversity
Mutually Agreed Terms
• Access to Genetic Resources
• Permitted use of Genetic Resources
• Restrictions on Supply
• Benefit-Sharing
• Definitions
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Convention on Biological Diversity• Article 15 (5)
• Access to genetic resources subject to “Prior informed Consent”
• Article 15 (2)
• Parties must endeavour to facilitate access
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Issues since 1990’s
• Ownership of genetic resources can be unclear
• Stakeholders: who are they? • Benefit Sharing: what type?• Increased complexity: who signs?• Process takes too long for grants: funders
withdraw• CBD issues not recognised by many grant
giving organisation (as if CBD not required for pure academic research)
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Concerns about CBD• Lack of clarity
• Different conditions in each country
• Bureaucracy
• Unrealistic expectations
• High transactions costs –who pays?
• Lack of understanding (among all concerned)
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EFFECTIVE
PARTNERSHIPS (MSBP)
>100 partner institutions in 50 countries
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• Ownership
• Consent
• Activities
• Governance
• Benefit sharing
• Non-commercialisation
• Transfer to third parties
• Duration
PRIOR INFORMED CONSENT
ACCESS & BENEFIT SHARING AGREEMENTS
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Project context – InternationalCBD Article 9Each Contracting Party shall ... predominantly for the purpose of complementing in-situ measures:
(a) Adopt measures for the ex-situ conservation of components of biological diversity;
Global Strategy for Plant Conservation
Target 8. 60% of threatened plant species in accessible ex situ collections, preferably in the country of origin, and 10% of them included in recovery and restoration programmes
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Objective 2.5 of the NSW Biodiversity Conservation Strategy states:“Action 29: …implement ex-situ conservation measures..”“Action 30: …include ex-situ conservation options in recovery plans for the threatened species, populations or ecological communities where appropriate….”
Objective 1.9 of the National Strategy for the Conservation of Australia’s Biodiversity that is:Ex-situ conservation: “To complement in-situ measures, establish and maintain facilities for ex-situ research into and conservation of plants, animals and micro-organisms, particularly those identified by action taken in accordance with Objective 1.1”
Project context – Local
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Collecting and targets
Each year it is proposed to undertake collections from at least 135 species.. and will include:
• species listed as threatened according to state or national legislation;• species belonging to threatened ecosystems;• species endemic to South Australia;• species representative of key ecological communities;• high utility species such as those used in revegetation programs.
By completion of the Project it is proposed to have undertaken conservation collections for 60% of species identified as being nationally threatened according to South Australia’s six regional biodiversity plans.
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TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
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Procedures: Access to genetic resources outside Kew
• Identify in-country collaborators
• Identify scope of project
• Identify local issues (e.g. primary IK stays with host country)
• MOU drafted
• Signed by head of institute/government – or suitable authority
• Reporting
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Procedures: Access to material at Kew
• Access via institute (rather than individual)• Material Transfer Agreements• Identify Kew Accession number of material (only non-restricted material send out)
• With companies – research undertaken at Kew with material from the “origin country”via the company.
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Influence of the Convention of Biological
Diversity on natural product research
The story behind the commercialisation of
DMDP (2,5 dihydroxy-methyl-3,4
dihydroxypyrrolidine)
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Costa Rica
• Dan Janzen in 1980 sent some seeds not eaten by insects to Kew from Costa Rica
• Pure ecological research – insect-plant interactions
Result• Identification of DMDP in Lonchocarpus
(of commercial interest)
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Agreements
• 1992 Supply agreement
BTG pay INBio for supply of DMDP
Costa Rica can use DMDP as a nematocide
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Agreements
• 1992 Supply agreement
BTG pay INBio for supply of DMDP
Costa Rica can use DMDP as a nematocide
• 1995 Collaborative Agreement
Establishment of plantations in Costa Rica
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Agreements
• 1992 Supply agreement
BTG pay INBio for supply of DMDP
Costa Rica can use DMDP as a nematocide
• 1995 Collaborative Agreement
Establishment of plantations in Costa Rica
• 1999 Revenue Sharing/ Assignments
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Need more DMDP
• Synthetic source
• Alternative natural sources
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Massonia depressaHyacinthus orientalis
Lachenalia bulbiferaHYACINTHACEAE
Hyacinth Family
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Bioinventory and Bioprospecting of fungi
Iwokrama Forest , Guyana
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EU Funded Project
• Iwokrama
• CABI Bioscience
• West Indies University
• Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
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Project Objectives
• Set up laboratory to isolate, identify and screen fungi in Guyana
• Inventory of fungi
• Collection of fungal isolates for screening
• Profile metabolites in extracts
• Undertake basic activity screens on extracts
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Progress
• Staff in Guyana recruited and trained–Mycologist, Natural Product Chemist
• Laboratory in Guyana equipped and “ready”• Extracts available for testing • Anti-microbial “leads” identifiedBUT• No legislation in place in Guyana to cover
commercialisation and associated benefit-sharing (resources going into health – transport etc)
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Procedures
For projectsMOC/MOU
For materialMaterial supply AgreementsAccession databases
For people Travel Forms: have you agreements in place?
Grants: have you PIC?
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Streamlining A&BS
• Workable Transactions
• Protection yes – but (?)
• Enforcement within Kew but outside ?