information society definitions questions daniel bell post industrial society (daniel bell) network...
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Information Society
• Definitions
• Questions
• Daniel Bell
• Post industrial society (Daniel Bell)
• Network society (Manuel Castells)
Definitions
• Technological
• Economic
• Occupational
• Spatial
• Cultural
Technological
• New technologies lead to social change (Toffler, 1980; Negroponte, Gates, De Hond)
Questions
• How much technology
• Technologically determinist
Economic
• How much is the economic worth of informational activities
Question
• Defining (e.g. R&D)
Occupational
• How many people work in the industry (Bell, Castells)
Question
• Definitions (repair of a copier)
Spatial
• Information networks influencing organisation of time and space
Question
• What is a network
• Why now (networks have been around)
Cultural
• Information in life
General questions
• Quantity: more information is not information society (e.g. Food)
Daniel Bell: The coming of the post-industrial society (1973)
• Dominant mode of employment (pre-industrial, industrial, post-industrial)
• Effiency and increases in productivity make it possible (3% of the population taking care of 50% of the food production)
Consequences
• White collar employment• Central position for the professional• Greater role for the intellectuals• More person-to-person employment
• Less laissez-faire, more planning• Game between people (doctor does not see a
patient as x amount of income)• From economising to sociologising
Problems
• Technological emphasis for social changes• Emphasis on rationalisation (Weber)• Is there a shift from industry to services (only in
UK)• Wealth creation in industry -> services• Definition of services• Services within a sector (intra-sector versus
inter-sector)• Increasing division of labour, oriented at
production
Results
• Decline in industry workers• Increase in industrial output• Increase of wealth• Creation of jobs in services (never
ending)
• Services can not be automated (Internet?)
Manuel Castells: The Information Age
• Development of networks (ICT enabled)
• Informational capitalism
• Not: information or knowledge society, but network society
Consequences
• More transnational companies
• Hierarchies pulled down, power to “movers and shakers”
2007 © Wolters-NoordhoffOrganisation and Management
From Ford to Cisco
• “The logic of the network is more powerful than the powers in the network”
(ICTs have reduced the effectiveness of global corporations and empowered people and organisations who are entrepeneurial and effective in terms of netwerking; Webster, 2006; p. 105)
The decline of the working class
• Knowledge and information are the essential materials of the new production process
• 30% participant ratio in higher education
Questions
• What is a network
• What is information
• Is the capitalist class gone
Herbert Schiller (1919-2000)
• IT and enabling technologies make transnational companies possible
• Information networks link companies
IT revolution
• Companies (e.g. AT&T)
• Privatisation in Europe
• Media dominated by US
Market criteria: Research & Development
• Philips Nat Lab
• KPN Research Centre
Market criteria: The consequence
• Public mask of progress and the private face of conservatism (Sharpe)
• The Television: (video, cable, computer games); the new box??
To summarise: What is called the “Information Society” is, in fact, the production, processing, and transmission
of a very large amount of data about all sorts of matters….. Most of the data are produced to meet very
specific needs of super-corporations, national goverment bureaucracies, and the military
establishment of the advanced industrial state
(Schiller, 1981)