INFORMATION SYSTEM

Lecture # 13

CHAPTER 5 (CONTINUED)ORGANIZING DATA AND

INFORMATION

Principles of Information

Systems(Eighth Edition)

DATABASE ADMINISTRATION

Role of the database administrator (DBA): plan, design, create, operate, secure, monitor, and maintain databases

DBA works with both users and programmers A data administrator is responsible for

defining and implementing consistent principles for a variety of data issues, including setting data standards and data definitions; a nontechnical position

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POPULAR DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Popular DBMSs for end users include

Microsoft’s Access and FileMaker Pro Complete database management software

market includes: Software for professional programmers Databases for midrange, mainframe, and

supercomputers Examples of open-source database systems:

PostgreSQL and MySQL Many traditional database programs are now

available on open-source operating systems

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SPECIAL-PURPOSE DATABASE SYSTEMS

Some specialized database packages are used for specific purposes or in specific industries Israeli Holocaust Database

(www.yadvashem.org) Hazmat database Art and Antique Organizer Deluxe

Special-purpose database by Tableau can be used to store and process visual images

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SELECTING A DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Important characteristics of databases to consider Database size Database cost Concurrent users Performance Integration Vendor

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USING DATABASES WITH OTHER SOFTWARE

DBMSs can act as front-end or back-end applications Front-end applications interact directly with

people or users Back-end applications interact with other

programs or applications

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DATABASE APPLICATIONS

Today’s database applications manipulate the content of a database to produce useful information

Common manipulations are searching, filtering, synthesizing, and assimilating the data contained in a database using a number of database applications

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LINKING DATABASES TO THE INTERNET

Linking databases to the Internet is important for many organizations and people

Semantic Web Developing a seamless integration of traditional

databases with the Internet Allows people to access and manipulate a

number of traditional databases at the same time through the Internet

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DATA WAREHOUSES, DATA MARTS, AND DATA MINING

Data warehouse: database that collects business information from many sources in the enterprise, covering all aspects of the company’s processes, products, and customers

Data mart: subset of a data warehouse Data mining: information-analysis tool that

involves the automated discovery of patterns and relationships in a data warehouse

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DATA WAREHOUSES, DATA MARTS, AND DATA MINING (CONTINUED)

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Figure 5.17: Elements of a Data Warehouse

DATA WAREHOUSES, DATA MARTS, AND DATA MINING (CONTINUED)

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Table 5.8: Common Data-Mining Applications

BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE

Business intelligence (BI): process of gathering enough of the right information in a timely manner and usable form and analyzing it to have a positive impact on business strategy, tactics, or operations Turns data into useful information that is then

distributed throughout an enterprise

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BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE (CONTINUED)

Competitive intelligence: aspect of business intelligence limited to information about competitors and the ways that knowledge affects strategy, tactics, and operations

Counterintelligence: steps an organization takes to protect information sought by “hostile” intelligence gatherers

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DISTRIBUTED DATABASES

Distributed database Database in which the data may be spread

across several smaller databases connected via telecommunications devices

Gives corporations more flexibility in how databases are organized and used

Replicated database Database that holds a duplicate set of frequently

used data

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ONLINE ANALYTICAL PROCESSING (OLAP)

Software that allows users to explore data from a number of different perspectives

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ONLINE ANALYTICAL PROCESSING (OLAP) (CONTINUED)

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Table 5.9: Comparison of OLAP and Data Mining

OBJECT-ORIENTED AND OBJECT-RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Object-oriented database: database that stores both data and its processing instructions Method: procedure or action Message: request to execute or run a method

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OBJECT-ORIENTED AND OBJECT-RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (CONTINUED)

Object-oriented database management system (OODBMS): group of programs that manipulate an object-oriented database and provide a user interface and connections to other application programs

Object-relational database management system (ORDBMS): DBMS capable of manipulating audio, video, and graphical data

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VISUAL, AUDIO, AND OTHER DATABASE SYSTEMS

Databases for storing images Databases for storing sound Virtual database systems: allow different

databases to work together as a unified database system

Other special-purpose database systems Spatial data technology: stores and accesses

data according to the locations it describes and permits spatial queries and analysis

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SUMMARY Database: a collection of integrated and related

files Hierarchy of data: bits, characters, fields, records,

files, and databases Key: a field or set of fields in a record that is used

to identify the record Database approach to data management: a pool

of related data is shared by multiple application programs

Data model: diagram of entities and relationships

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SUMMARY (CONTINUED)

Relational model: describes data in which all elements are placed in two-dimensional tables called relations

Database management system (DBMS): group of programs used as an interface between a database and application programs or a database and the user

Role of the database administrator (DBA): plan, design, create, operate, secure, monitor, and maintain databases

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SUMMARY (CONTINUED)

Data warehouse: database that collects business information from all aspects of a company’s processes, products, and customers

Data mining: information-analysis tool for the automated discovery of patterns and relationships in a data warehouse

Object-oriented database: database that stores both data and its processing instructions

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