information systems division (isd)

Division-Based Highlights

Information Systems Division

Division-Based Highlights

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Executive Summary

Information Systems Division

1

I. Site Characterization, Mapping and Information Systems for Irrigated, Rainfed, Upland and other Adverse Rice Environments

1

II. Development and Innovation of Rice Database and On-Line Information Systems

15

Abbreviations and acronymns 31

List of Tables

List of Tables

Information Systems Division 1

Information Systems DivisionDivision Head: Jovino L. de Dios

TheinflowofdataandinformationwithinPhilRicefuelsthegenerationofnewideas,data,information,technologies,models,materialsand practices to attain its goals and objectives. The methods used by PhilRiceonhowitmanagesitsowndataandinformationresourcesinspirepeopletogeneratemorescientificandpracticaloutputs.Policies,strategiesandinfrastructuresmakeuptheInformationSystems(IS)whichhelpsmanage data, information and processes.

SeveralspecificISsarebeingdevelopedinPhilRiceinternallyandincollaborationwithotheragencies.ThesearegenerallyclassifiedastheManagement Information Systems (MIS) and the Agricultural Information Systems (AIS) that assists PhilRice clients, administration, research and development, technology demonstration, technology deployment and even sales and production of rice seeds.

I. Site Characterization, Mapping and Information Systems for Irrigated, Rainfed, Upland and other Adverse Rice EnvironmentsWilfredo B. Collado

The irrigated rice ecosystem has the most favorable environment wheretheyieldpotentialisachieved,whilerainfedandotheradverseecosystems have more complex conditions. Most importantly, understanding the local biophysical conditions (e.g. soil, plant, climate, biotic and abiotic stresses) through site characterization including socioeconomic parameters (e.g. land holdings, cropping calendars, varieties, seed systems, and marketingsystemsindigenousknowledgeandpractices,copingmechanisms,cultural, absorbing capacity and economic status) of the target clientele are required to identify research strategies and facilitate development of appropriateandsite-specifictechnologies.

The above properties should be analyzed and mapped for evaluation. These are necessary in providing several information options thatwillservethericesector.Thus,theprojectwasconceivedtocarryoutasystemofdocumentation,identification,characterization,quantification,categorization and mapping of the target areas.

Rice R&D Highlights 20122

Identification, biophysical characterization and mapping of rice areas of the Philippines WB Collado, RM Monteza, RV Bermudez, Jr. and JL de Dios

This study aimed to reassess the validated soil series for changes in climaticprofileasaneffectofclimatechange;characterizethecurrentriceareasasirrigated,rainfedlowland,upland,saline,drought/submergence-proneareasbasedonSoilTaxonomyFramework;establishtheproductivityratingandprovidesuitabilityclassificationsforeachsoilunitforriceatdefinedlevelsofinputsandmanagementcircumstances;assessthefertility, suitability of the area for other crops and provide management requirementsneededforcropproduction;developasimpleguidebookforeasyidentificationofthesoilbasedoncolor,texture,soilpHandotherdistinguishingcharacteristics;andimprovethedatabaseofthesoilseriesincluding management recommendations for online access.

Highlights:• RevalidatedandcharacterizedsoilseriesprofilesofBarcelona,

Carig, Toran, Buguey in Cagayan, Moncada and Ramos in Tarlac, Brooke’s, Sta. Felomena and Sevila in Nueva Vizcaya, and TagkawayaninQuezon;

• Developedtheintermediatesoildatabaseforencodingandconsolidating of validated and secondary data (physical and fertilityproperties;profiledescriptions,cropsuitability,profilepictures, productivity index, soil limitations to crop production, soil management recommendations and results of laboratory chemical analysis)neededinpreparingwebapplicationoftheguidebook.

• Conductedpre-testingandevaluationofthekeysoilseriesguidebook of Region 6 to different end-users from Regional to MunicipalAgriculturalTechnicians/Officersandfarmers.

• TheSoilManagementSubsystemwasmodifiedforbetterpresentationandmoreresponsive.Themodifiedsubsystemincludesmaps, graphics, spreadsheets, tables, guide to soil sampling, soil colordetermination;textureandpHdeterminations.

• GuidebooksforAntique,Bataan,Bulacan,andPangasinan.


Characterization of the socioeconomic needs and constraints, and documentation of indigenous practices in rainfed, upland and adverse environmentsAB Mataia

This study characterizes rice farmers in the rainfed, upland and adverse rice environments in terms of socioeconomic needs and constraints.Toachievethis,threesub-studieswereimplementednamely:1) characterization of socioeconomic needs and constraints of rice farmers inuplandanddrought-pronericeenvironments;2)characterizationof socioeconomic needs and constraints of rice farmers in saline and submergencepronericeenvironments;and3)farmers’copingmechanismsto unfavorable rice farming environments in the Philippines. Secondary data andinformationonbasicagriculturalinformationonspecificprovincesweregathered.Datawerepresenteduptobarangaylevel.

Sub-Study 1: Characterization of socioeconomic needs and constrains, and indigenous practices in drought-prone and upland rice environmentsRGManalili,ABMataia,RBMalasaandCPAustria

Rice-based farmers in the upland and drought-prone environments werecharacterizedaccordingtotheirsocioeconomicandtechnologicalstatus. Constraints and opportunities in farming and coping mechanisms andtheirindigenousfarmingpracticesweredocumentedandassessed.Atotal of 131 farmers in the upland and 155 farmers in the drought-prone environmentwereinterviewedusingastructuredquestionnairecovering2011wetseason(WS)orJuly-December2011harvestand2012dryseason(DS)orJanuary-June2012harvest.Descriptivestatisticssuchasmeansandfrequencieswereusedinthepreliminarydataanalysis.

Highlights:• Table1showsthatbasedonthefarmandfarmersprofilesinthe

upland and drought-prone environments, on the average, upland anddrought-proneenvironmentsfarmerswerefarmingformorethan2decades.Uplandfarmersweremoreexperiencedinvegetablefarmingthaninthedrought-proneareas.Lessthan50%of them are members of a farmers’ organization and have attended ricerelatedtrainings/seminarsforthepastthreeyears.Amongthetrainings/seminarsattendedincludeFarmersFieldSchool(23-41%),PalayCheck(16-20%),InbredRiceProduction(7-14%)andHybridRiceProduction(2-8%).Morethanhalfofthefarmers(54-57%)receivedassistancefromthegovernmentintheformofseedsubsidy.

• Thetotallandareaishigherforfarmersintheuplandat2.15hacompared to the drought-prone areas at 1.64 ha. Average rice area


is0.85hectares(ha)foruplandand1.31hafordroughtpronearea.Area devoted to other crops by farmers is larger in the upland areas at0.94hacomparedtoonly0.20hainthedrought-pronefarms.Sixty-sixpercentareowner-cultivatorsofuplandfarms,whileonly46%areownersofdrought-pronefarms.

Table 1. Farmerandfarmprofilebytypeofenvironment,2011WS&2012DS.

Item Upland Drought-prone

Farming Experience (no. of years)Rice Farming 23 24Vegetable Farming 11 7

Membership in Organization (%) 49 39Attendance to rice-related training (%) 43 47Trainings/Seminars attended (%)

PalayCheck 20 16Farmer Field School (FFS) 41 23Inbred Rice Production 7 14Hybrid Rice Production 2 8

Received assistance from the government (%) 54 57Assistance from the government (%)

Free seeds 24 23Free Fertilizer 1 10Seed Subsidy 58 66Fertilizer Subsidy 4 9

Farm AreaTotal farm area (ha) 2.15 1.64Total rice-based area (ha) 0.85 1.31Total area for other crops (ha) 0.94 0.20Idle land (ha) 0.28 0.12Number of rice parcel 1 1

Rice-based land ownership (%) 66 46Cropping Pattern (%)

Double cropping 6 52Single Cropping 32 30Rice-Corn 43 4Rice-Other Crops 15 12Others 2 3


• Rice-corn(43%)rankedasthemostpracticedcroppingpatternintheuplands,followedbyricesinglecropping(32%)anddoublericecropping(6%).Thisisanoppositeofthecroppingpatternsinthedrought-pronefarmswheremorethanhalfofthefarmers(52%)canplantricetwiceinayear,30%plantriceforonlyoneseasonand19%plantothercropsduringthesecondseason.

• Table2showsthattheuseofhighqualityseeds(hybrid,registeredandcertified)isverylowinbothenvironments(rangedfrom12-45%).Farmer’sseedwasusedby80%ofthefarmersintheuplandduringtheWSand52%ofthefarmersinthedrought-proneareasduring the DS.

• Moreuplandfarmers(51-64%)practicedirectseedinginbothseasons,while35%practicedibblingonlyduringtheWS.Inthedrought-prone farms, transplanting and direct seeding has almost equal share of farmers’ adoption for both seasons.

• TheuseofLeafColorChartismorepopularintheupland(5-18%)comparedtodrought-proneareas(1-3%)whichitsadoptionisstillverylow.Inaddition,manyfarmers(64-90%)donothavesoilanalysisintheirricefarms.Laboratorysoilanalysismethodwasusedbythefarmerswhosesoilswereanalyzed.Likewise,veryfewfarmers(12-18%)usedorganicfertilizerinrice.

• Almostallofthefarmersreliedentirelyonrainfallaswatersource,thoughsomefarmersindrought-proneareasutilizeirrigationwaterfrompumps(10-13%)andsmallwaterimpoundments(SWI)/smallfarmreservoir(SFR)(1-4%).

• AverageareaplantedduringtheWSwas0.72haforuplandand1.04hafordrought-prone.Riceyieldobtainedwaslowinbothenvironments.Farmersintheuplandobtainedyieldof2.15t/ha-1duringtheWSand2.62t/ha-1duringtheDS.Theaverageyieldinthedrought-pronewas2.94tonha-1and2.16t/ha-1duringWSand DS, respectively.


Table 2.Farmpracticesandyieldbyenvironment,2011WSand2012DS.

2011 WS 2012 DS 2011 WS 2012 DSSeed Class

Hybrid 0 0 1 0Registered Seed 0 0 1 4Certified Seed 12 45 42 16Good Seed 7 18 20 25Farmer's Seed 80 27 36 52No Response 1 9 1 3

Crop EstablishmentTransplanting 14 36 58 51Direct Seeding 51 64 42 49Dibbling 35 0 0 0

Use of LCC 5 18 3 1

Soil Analysis None 90 64 84 88

Lab Soil Analysis 7 36 14 8Minus One Element Technique 0 0 1 0STK 0 0 0 0Nutrient Omission Plot Test 1 0 0 0Others 2 0 1 0No Response 0 0 1 1

Use of Organic Fertilizer 18 9 16 12

Source of IrrigationNIS 0 0 1 1CIS 0 0 0 0Pump 4 0 10 13SWIP/SFR 0 0 1 4Rainfall 99 100 92 83Others 1 9 3 1

Area Planted (ha) 0.72 0.07 1.04 0.44Area Harvested (ha) 0.69 0.07 1.00 0.43Yield (t/ha) 2.15 2.62 2.94 2.16Yield distribution (%) < 3 t/ha 73 73 55 79 ? 3 t/ha 27 27 45 21

Drought-prone (%)Upland (%)


Sub-Study 2:Characterization of socioeconomic needs and constrains, and indigenous practices in submergence-prone and saline environmentsRBMalasa,ABMataia,RGManalili,CNAustria,andMRVLopez

InsupporttotheFoodStapleRice-Self-SufficiencyRoadMap,PhilRicedevelopsspecifictechnologiesthatwillbreakthelowyieldbarrierin adverse environments. This study is focused on characterizing the socioeconomic and farming practices of submergence-prone and saline environments.Thestudyworksontheinventoryofexistingsocioeconomicdataandinformationonsubmergence-proneandsalineenvironments;identify socioeconomic needs, constraints and opportunities of farming households;documenttheindigenousproductionandpost-productionpracticesofthefarminghouseholds;documentandunderstandtherolesandmotivationsofvariousstakeholdersinvolvedintechnologytransfer;and identify policy recommendations to improve productivity and sustained development.

Therewere58respondentsfromsubmergence-proneand66respondentsfrom saline environments.

Highlights:• Table3showsthatthericefarmingexperienceoftherespondents

in both adverse environments is around three decades. Farmers insubmergence-proneareasisalmostadecade(8.71years)invegetable farming as opposed to those in saline areas are have relativelynew(3.52years).

• Almostallofthefarmareaoftherespondentsisallottedforrice.Regardlessoftypeofenvironment,thericeareaisgreaterthan2(ha).


Table 3. Farming characteristics by type of environment.

ItemsSubmergence-prone Saline

Farming experince (years)Rice farming experience 27.86 30.15Vegetable farming experience 8.71 3.52

Area (ha)Total area 2.54 2.50Rice area 2.35 2.38Other area 0.19 0.15Idle area 0.01 0.01

No. of rice parcels 1.50 1.56Yield (t/ha)

Yield (2011 WS) 2.98 2.66Yield (2012 DS) 2.99 2.92

Environment

• Theyieldleveloffarmersinsalineareasislessthan0.26t/hainJulytoDecember2011asopposedtoJanuarytoJune2012.Lowyieldlevel(lessthan3t/ha)wascommonforbothenvironments.

• Table4revealsthat60%offarmersinsubmergence-proneenvironmentand59%insalineenvironmenthavetraininginricevegetableproductionfrom2009to2011.Inthesubmergence-pronearea,33%ofthefarmershadattendedaPalayChecktrainingfollowedbyFFS(21%).Insalineareas,20%ofthefarmersattendedPalayChecktrainingfollowedbyhybridriceproduction(14%)andinbredriceproduction(11%).

Table 4. Training/seminarparticipationbytypeofenvironment(%).

Training/seminarSubmergence-prone (%) Saline (%)

PalayCheck 33 20Farmers' field school 21 9Inbred rice production 3 11Hybrid rice production 3 14Others 0 6None 40 41

Environment

• Around76%offarmersinsubmergence-proneareascanplantricefortwoseasonsandaround50%ofthefarmersinsalineareas.While45%canonlyengageinonecroppinginsalineareas.


• Anin-depthscrutinyoftheyieldlevelsofthefarmersshowthatregardlessofenvironmentandseason,morethan50%ofthefarmerswhoplantedricewerenotabletoreach3t/ha.However,therearemorefarmerswhoexperiencedlowyieldinthesalineareas and this is consistent regardless of season.

• Table5revealsthatintermsoftheuseofhighqualityseeds,morefarmersinsalineareas,usehybrid,andcertifiedseeds.Ontheotherhand,morefarmersuselowqualityseeds(goodseedsandfarmer’sseeds) in submergence-prone areas.

• Morethan80%ofthefarmers,arenon-usersofLCC.Manyofthemdo not analyze their soil and do not use organic fertilizer.

Table 5.Croppingpatternbytypeofenvironment(%).Cropping pattern

Submergence-prone (%) Saline (%)double cropping 76 50single cropping 14 45rice-corn 3 5rice-other crops 7 0

Environment

Sub-Study 3: Farmers’ coping mechanisms to unfavorable rice farming environments in the PhilippinesABMataia,RGManalili,RBMalasaandMRVLopez

With the increases in changing climate patterns and the incidence of notable climate episodes, these unfavorable rice environments are expected to be more vulnerable to different risks in the future and further exposing farmers in these environments to production and consumption risks and poverty. This study aimed to determine coping mechanisms of rice-based farming households in different unfavorable environments for better planning of adaptation strategies, and to assess the impacts of adverse conditions onriceyieldandproductivity.Thestudywasconductedin15majorriceproducingprovinceswithlargericeareasofunfavorableconditions.Theprovinces are: Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Isabela, Cagayan, Pampanga, Zambales, Camarines Sur, Iloilo, Capiz, Bohol, Leyte, Northern Samar, North Cotabato,AgusandelSur,andZamboangadelSurwithatotalsamplesof657.


Highlights:• Thesamplefarmer’saveragecultivatedriceareasare1.52hectareswithlandholdingrangeof0.10to18hectares.Farmerswithsmallriceareasare more vulnerable to increasing climate variability if rice farming is the only source of livelihood. Across environments, average rice landholdings aresmallerintheuplands(0.85ha)whilefarmersinthesubmergenceproneareas have relatively bigger average rice area (1.61ha) (Table 6a and 6b).

Table 6a.Yieldlevelsbytypeofenvironment,2011WSand2012DS(%).Yield level/season

Submergence-prone (%) Saline (%)Yield level (2011 WS)

< 3 t/ha 52 58? 3 t/ha 48 42

Yield level (2012 DS)< 3 t/ha 51 55? 3 t/ha 49 45

Environment

Table 6b. Farmpracticesbyenvironment,2011WSand2012DS.Farm Practices/Season

Seed ClassHybrid 4 2 24 8Registered Seed 2 0 2 3Certified Seed 36 26 42 39Good Seed 22 28 6 19Farmer's Seed 36 37 24 31No Response 0 7 2 0

Use of LCCYes 15 11 8 14No 84 89 89 81No Response 2 0 3 6

Was the soil of the parcel analyzed?Yes 20 13 29 22No 80 85 71 78No Response 0 2 0 0

Method of Soil AnalysisLab Soil Analysis 13 9 26 22Minus One Element Technique 5 2 0 0STK 0 0 0 0Nutrient Omission Plot Test 0 0 0 0Others 2 2 0 0No Response 0 0 3 0

Use of Organic FartilizerYes 20 15 16 14No 78 80 84 83No Response 2 4 0 3

Submergence-prone (%) Saline (%)2011 WS 2012 DS2011 WS 2012 DS


• Majorityofthesamplefarmersexperiencedarangeofabioticstressessuchas:drought,floodandsoilsalinityinthelastthreeyears,whichhavegreatimpactsontheirriceyieldandproduction.

• Theimpactsoftheabioticstresses(Table7)areassessedonthesizeof affected areas, particular on rice yield and total production during thelatestcasesofstresses.Ondrought,therewasa20%reductionincultivatedriceareas,whileareductionofaround53%and43%intotalproductionandyield,respectively.Theflooddecreasedriceareasbyaround20%,whichtranslatedtoadeclinedinyieldby48%andtotalproductionby61%.Thedrought-floodwasrecordedareductionof27%inriceareas,whileaplungedof44%intotalproductionand42%inyield.Soilsalinityhasalsogreatimpacts,whichdecreasedriceareasby27%withareductionof42%intotalproductionand25%inyield.Inuplandrelatedstressesdecreasedriceareasby11%,totalproductionby45%andyieldby40%.Overall,floodhasthebiggestnegativeimpactsinriceproductionasthis occurred frequently than the other stresses.

• Manysamplefarmersdeployeddifferentadaptationstrategiesbefore(ex-ante)andafter(ex-post)stressoccurredtocopewithits impacts. The ex-ante strategies are proactive measures that are employedbeforestressoccurswhilecopingmechanismsorex-poststrategiesemployedafterastressoccurs.Specifically,ex-antestrategies are adapted to reduce production shortfall to help lessen thefluctuationsinricefarmincome,whileex-poststrategiesareemployed to smoothen consumption.

• Mostcommonex-antestrategiesadaptedbyfarmersacrossunfavorableenvironmentsinclude:investmentinbackyardlivestock;make temporal adjustments in cropping patterns based on timing ofdrought/flood/salinityoccurrence;maintainfinancialreserves;engagementonoff-farmemployment;accumulationofstocksingoodyears,practicecropdiversificationandavoidingexpensiveinvestments. Additionally, farmers employed ex-ante coping strategiessuchascarefulchoiceofricevarietytoleranttospecificstress;adjustmentincroppingcalendartosynchronizewithcropplantingandgrowingperiod;andadoptionofnewtechnologies.Other farmers did not do any coping strategies because they lack the knowledgeorinformationaboutit.

• Themostex-postcopingstrategiesadaptedbyfarmersare:availloantofinancecapitalrequirementsofthecrop;engageonoff-farmemploymentofotherhouseholdmembers;drawingfromsavings;sellingoflivestock;reducingfoodbudgetandchildrenschoolallowance.


Table 7.Impactsofstressoradverseconditiontoriceproduction,2012.

Items

Unfavorable Conditions

Drought Submergence Drought-Submergence

Salinity Upland

Normal Area (ha)

Damaged Area (ha)

% Damaged

Normal Palay Production (kg)

Damaged Production (kg)

% Damaged

Normal Yield (kg)

Damaged Yield (kg)

% Damaged

1.13

0.92

18%

3,425

1,615

53%

3,089

1,317

43%

1.62

1.03

20%

5,694

2,221

61%

3,504

1,831

48%

0.75

0.59

21%

2,222

1,253

44%

2,962

1,728

42%

1.42

1.04

27%

5,155

2,967

42%

3,513

2,626

25%

0.79

0.71

11%

1,628

890

45%

2,058

1,241

40%

\Decision support system for intensive rice-based farming system RC Castro, JM Maloom, MJC Vives, HJP Agngarayngay, EP Agres, BM Catudan,NDGanotisi,ACAguinaldo,AYAlibuyog,NQAbrogena,NRAlibuyog and CO Iglesia

The vulnerability of rice-based cropping system in Ilocos to climateforceswhichincludepestsanddiseaseswereassessedanddoneinsixactivitiesnamely,(1)Delineationofflood,droughtandsalineproneareasinIlocosNorteusingGIS-basedmappingtechniquecoupledwithcommunityinterviewsandinstrumentation;(2)Simulatingthegrowthandyield performance of selected rice-based cropping system using DSSAT underdifferentclimatechangescenario;(3)Groundwatermonitoring,characterizationandsupplyforecasting;(4)Localweathermonitoringandforecasting;(5)DevelopmentofwebGIS-basedIntegratedClimateChangeInformationSystemand(6)Definingpestmanagementstrategiesinstress-proneenvironmentsofNorthwestLuzon

The main objective of this project is to create a decision support group. The group provides advisories to prevent losses due to adverse weatherconditions,pestanddiseases,andpricefluctuations;applythecorrect residual measures or amounts of inputs to the crops, livestock, poultryandfishesattherighttime,consequentlyincreasetheincomeofthe farmers, provide more and better quality farm products, and sustain ecological balance.


Highlights:Delineation of drought, flood and saline-prone areas in Ilocos Norte

Fieldsurveyswereconductedinthedrought,flood-andsaline-proneareasofIlocosNortewith69barangaysclassifiedasflooded,19assalineand62asdrought-prone.ThelistofbarangaysaffectedbythedifferentadverseenvironmentswereprovidedbytheMunicipalAgricultureOfficersfromdifferentmunicipalitiesofIlocosNorteandanelectronicmaponflood-proneareaswasrequestedthru NEDA-I. These served as the basis for the conduct of actual surveyandinterviewoffarmerrespondents.

• DownloadedsatelliteimagesofthedifferentmunicipalitiesofIlocosNortefromGoogleEarth;printedpostersizemapsof30%of the municipalities covered for delineation of the three adverse environments;

• PreparedthefloodhazardmapofIlocosNorte.

Figure 1. Simulatingthegrowthandyieldperformanceofselectedrice-based cropping system using DSSAT under different climate change scenarios

• Establishedexperimentationforrice(PSBRc82andIR64)andcorn(Pioneer280(hybrid)andOPV(glutinous)fortheidentificationoftheirgeneticcoefficients

• Gathered,recordedandorganizedagronomicandyielddataforbothriceandcornforinputtingofdatasetsintheDSSATsoftware;Acomparisonoftheresultwillbemadefromthatoftheobservedand generated data from the DSSAT model.


Figure 2. Experimental set-up for the localization of the DSSAT model for riceinPhilRice-Batac,IlocosNorte.2012DrySeason.

• EstablishedexperimentsforriceandcornfortheidentificationoftheirgeneticcoefficientsusingthewidelyusedvarietiesinIlocosNorte,rice:PSBRc82andIR64;corn:Pioneer280(hybrid)and OPV (glutinous) and gathered, recorded and organized the agronomic and yield data for inputting of data sets in the DSSAT software;

Ground water monitoring, characterization and supply forecasting

• Identifiedandestablishedanetworkofshallowtubewells(STWs)inthe province of Ilocos Norte and 1st District of Ilocos Sur that served asthemonitoringsitesforgatheringdataongroundwaterlevel;initially,eachmunicipalityhad5observationwellstorepresenttheagriculturalareasusingpumpforirrigation.Atotalof85wellswereidentified,measuredandmapped;

• Outof23municipalitiesofIlocosNorte,thereweresevenidentifiedmunicipalities that are not using STW (Pagudpud, Dumalneg, Adams,Carasi,Solsona,BannaandNuevaEra);surfacewaterwasusedtowatertheirfarminsteadofSTWs.

• EightyfivewellswereidentifiedinIlocosNorte(were41forthe1stDistrictand30forthe2nddistrict,while14for1stdistrictofIlocosSur).


• Installedfour(4)unitsofAutomaticWeatherStationsintheeasternmunicipalities of Ilocos Norte such as Solsona, Marcos, Banna, and NuevaEra;thesesiteswereprioritizedbecauserainfallintheseareas is much earlier and abundant as compared to northern and southwesternpartoftheprovince.

• Agri-weatherdatasuchasrainfall,temperature,relativehumidityand barometric pressure from these municipalities and existing rainfall/weatherstationthruPAGASA,LaoagCityweredownloadedregularlyforconsolidationneededforthelocalizedweatheradvisoriesforthefarmers;

DevelopmentofwebGIS-basedclimatechangeinformationsystem

• Gatheredandconsolidateddataonyield,soil,waterandclimate,vulnerabilitymapsaswellasadaptationandmitigationmeasuresdeveloped, and best farming practices in mitigating climate change impactsinIlocosNorte;

• CoordinatedwithMMSUforthedevelopmentofthewebGISfacilitythatwillbeaccessedbyPhilRicestationsinthefuture

• StartedthedevelopmentofthePhilRiceIntegratedClimateChangeInformation Center.

II. Development and Innovation of Rice Database and On-Line Information SystemsJovino L de Dios

Digitaltechnologygiveswaytotheinter-linkingofseveralinformation and communications components and systems into one for economyandefficiency.Examplesaretheinternet,shortmessagingservice(SMS),Camera-phone,GlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)-cameras,wirelesslocalareanetwork(WLAN),RemoteSensingSystems,andonlinedatabasesystems. These are used to collect, transmit, store, and present data and informationreal-timeornear-real-timetoawiderangeofstakeholders,fromfarmers to decision-makers regardless of geographical location and time. Intermsofapplication,thisisalmostmorethantheboundaryofaunifiedcommunicationplatformwhichis“communicationsintegratedtooptimizebusinessprocesses,”(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_communications).

Digitaldatacontentareimportantwhendevelopingagriculturalinformationsystems.Site-specificfielddataarenecessarywhenfarmersrequiresite-specificdecisionsupport.Forexample,agrowthmodelmayrequire soil and fertilization information from the target area for better recommendation.


Common and frequently used gadgets, like smartphones, are also usedtocreatetoolstohelpinriceproduction,seeddistribution,fieldassessments, information dissemination, etc.

Use of information systems in collection, transmission, organization, storage,andretrievaloffielddataandinformationfrommultiplesitesAC Arocena Jr., LdR Abaoag, SR Brena, and EB Sibayan

Highlights:PhilRice Vehicle Information Systems

• EnhancedthePhilRiceVehicleInformationSystemtocomplywiththenewrequirementsofthevehicledispatchunit.

• Transformedthestand-alonedatabasesystemtoanonlineInformation System.

• Restructuredthedatabase,presentationandprintingmodulesoftheIS.

• Establishedaworkingmodelforpublicusersofthedispatchsystem.

• Performinitialinventoryofthesalesandwarehouseoperationalprocess, equipment requirement and reports generated.

• Recommendedequipmentrequirements.

• Improvedtheprocessflowtovalidateconformityofsuggestedcheckpointswithexistingprocess.

• Restructuredthedatabasesystemstoincorporatebarcoding.

• Gatheringusefultoolkitstobetterimplementmodificationtothesystem.

• Conductedorientationandimmediateresponsetoqueriesfromdifferent stations.

• Enhancedthebarcodelayoutofricewinebarcode.

• RedesignedthePBDOPointOfSaleandWarehouseDatabaseSystems including Seed Ordering sub-systems module, Purchase order releasing sub-systems module, and Payment sub-systems module.


Mobile-phone Applications Development (Apps Dev)

• DevelopedaprototypeforgatheringGPScoordinatesusingSMSasmode of transmitting data into a database.

• ConceptproofthedevelopedapplicationinBulacan,Pampanga,Nueva Ecija and Tarlac provinces.

Development of Online Rice Research and Development Abstract Information System MAGacutan,TLBriones,andRZRelado

The online rice research and development abstract information systemisaweb-basedmanagementinformationsystemsthatmonitorsreports and protocols of programs, projects and studies. It is an interactive portalwherereportscanbesubmittedandstatuscanbetracked.Ithasdifferent access privileges and customized user interface based on log-in credentials. Project and Program Leaders can monitor submitted reports and has the privilege to check, put remarks or accept submitted reports. The PlanningandCollaborativeProjectsOfficecanmonitorstatus,trackhistory,viewprofile(study,project,program),updateandmanagethereportsandprotocols submitted.

Highlights:• Graphicaluserinterfaceforstudyorprojectorprogramleaderforuploadingandmonitoringreportsandprotocolsweremade.

• PlanningandCollaborativeProjectOfficeInterfaceforProjectMonitoring–reportsandprotocolsmonitoringpageasgeneralviewtocheckandmonitorwhetheriftheyalreadysubmittedprotocolsorreportsweremade.

• ProjectManagerPageOption–pagetoupdate/addnewlistofstudy/project/program,addremarks,trackhistory,monitorsstatus,viewprofileanddeleteprojectsprofileweremade.

• SEDDatabank.Web-basedrepositoryofSEDpapersandarticles,published and unpublished. Uploaded documents are searchable andcanbedownloaded.Documentsarealsocategorizedindifferentaccessibility.Initialdatawereuploadedandatpresentitwasbeingevaluatedandtestedforimprovement.

• Established a stand-alone version of the Document Management and PhilRice Document Tracking Subsystem and deployed these subsystems to PhilRice-Isabela, the version serves as back-up in case internet connectivity is not available.

• UpdatedtheFarmer’sQandAdatabase.


• Createdadatabasebuild-upof15thto25thR&Dconferenceparticipants.

Gene Bank Management Information System (GEMS)

ReportMonitoringSystemwasaddedinGEMS.ItmonitorsthemonthlymovementofaccessionsandcollectionsGeneBank.Reports are in tabular and graphical formats that can be printed or downloaded.

Computer-aided Farm Operations Management and Maintenance System AC Arocena Jr.

Farm operations performed in research and seed production farms are tedious tasks. Manual monitoring and scheduling of farm activity requests, progress and accomplishments takes a lot of time and effort. Similarly, farm equipment maintenance and status checks needs equal importanceforsmoothfieldoperations.Theimplementationofacomputer-aided farm operations management and maintenance system can facilitate feedback and monitoring processes.

Theefficiencyofferedbydatabasedriveninputtingmodulesystematically organizes and stores data and processes. The equipment inventory subsystem provides equipment monitoring and maintenance scheduling to maintain the top conditions of farm equipment. These can maximize the use of resources and systematically document the processes for improvement.

This console can also be used to post activity requests, accomplishments, problems observed, and can also serve as internal communicationchannelbytheFOMunitwithconcernedstaff.

The FOM task manager can be accessed online for remote monitoringoftheprogressoffieldoperationsandcanpossiblyintegrateacellphone-based requests form to increase its functionality.

Highlights:• Performedmodificationonthesystemsrequestinputtingformto

simplify farm activity request for researcher.

• Establishedamorestableusermanagementsystemtoaccommodateall PhilRice staff and researchers.

• Startedconceptdesignonthedevelopmentofafarmmachineryinventoryandmanagementsub-system,thecomponentwhichwill


complete the transformation of the FOM Task Manager into FOM Information Systems.

• Gathereddataandinformationrequiredforthedevelopmentofthemachine inventory system.

• Establishedaprototypeforthemachineinventorysystem.

Electronic map creation and conversion for interactive GIS-aided presentation ACArocenaJr.,WBCollado,MAGacutan,andJLdeDios

Maps visualize the spatial distribution of any data throughout an area. It is mostly used for land evaluation, spatial planning and agricultural research, development and extension activities. Through information technology,interactiveelectronicmapsarenowbecomingcommonlyavailableonlinewhicharefreeandeasy-to-use.Mapsclearlypresent,summarizedordetailedgeo-relatedinformationfromspecificlocationanywhereintheworld.Itisgenerallybeingdevelopedusinggeographicinformationsystem(GIS)and/orGeographicpositioningsystem(GPS)technologieswhichallowsmoreinteractivityamongusersanddevelopers.ThestudyaimstoestablishaninteractiveGISmashupasgeo-referenceddatapresentation through the internet.

Highlights:• Establishedaweb-linkforeasyaccessibilityoftheconvertedmaps

• EstablishedpartialmapforPhilRiceprojectssitesmapinkmlformat.

• ProvidePhilRiceprojectssitemaptoDevcommandODEDD.

• CreatedtheIndexofmaps,KMLfileofPhilRicefieldmapoverlaidinGoogleEarth,andRiceprojectsitesmapoverlaidinGoogleEarthapplication

Improving the security, viability and connectivity of the PhilRice e-Data JL de Dios, LA Tamani, and AC Arocena Jr.

Information Systems (IS) is an essential tool to properly administer processes andmanagedatawithinanorganization.Thisprojectmaintainedandsecured the PhilRice information systems and its components like servers, networkequipmentandinternetconnectionstobeviableallthetimetoeffectivelysharedataandinformationonline.ThisensuredthePhilRicewebpresencetoenableclientstoaccessvaluableinformation24/7.Thestudyalso established a system of data security against man-made natural causes of data losses.


Highlights: • RedesignedtheICToperationspolicy,andstrategytooptimizethelocalareanetworkperformance.Prioritizedtheinternetconnectionsandbandwidthutilizationamongservers,browsersandwirelesslocalareanetwork.EstablishedseveralWifihotspotsinstrategicplaceswithinPhilRiceCESforwirelessaccess.

• UpgradedtheinternetconnectionsofPhilRiceBranchesandPhilRiceCESby30%.

• Performeddataandsystemback-upregularlyandimplementedamore complex user access management.

• DeployedseveralNetworkAttachedStorageSystemfordatabackupand redundancy on storage.

• Developedasystemofbandwidthusagemonitoringandanalysistodecongest the system.

Corporate Website Technical Maintenance

• ConfiguredadditionalfeaturesandenhancementofPhilRicewebsitebackendandcontentadministratorfunctionalities.Insertedthethumbnaillabel/fieldforthehomepagearticles.Createdthestaffprofiledatabaseandformformanagingstaffprofiles.Developedthe rice science database and form for managing rice science page. ProvidedtechnicalassistancetoPhilRicecorporatewebsiteforupgradeandenhancementconcerns.EvaluatedandconfiguredanewsmailerforsendingelectronicarticlestoPhilRicepartnersandstakeholders.

• DevelopedasystemofperformancemonitoringofthecorporateserversusingGoogleanalyticsstartingAugust2012.Dattashowsthattherewere80,834visitstothewebsiteby27,527uniquepeople.Therewerealso32.61%newvisitorsand67.39%asreturningwithanaveragevisitdurationof4:14minutes.

Lakbay Palay Web based Evaluation

Aweb-basedevaluationformwasdevelopedbasedonthesurveyusedduringfielddaysandLakbayPalayandwastestedinOctober2012fielddaywith30respondents.Thisprototypesystemcanalsobeusedtootherprocesseswiththesamepurpose.


PhilRice Hybrid Library Science and ServicesE Joshi and V Salvador

Onlinelibrary.Continuousimprovementofthelibrarywebpage is being undertaken. Several additions to the original are being donetoupgradeandfurtherimproveitscontents.ItnowincludestheRiceCentennialBibliographyaswellasotherusefulsitesforresearchers.Currentlydevelopingthelibrarywebsiteandmanagementsystemforbackupandtransferofsomedatatoweb-basedapplicationsforaccessibilityandavailability of information.

Highlights:•Proquestusageandliteraturesearch.Therewere1,469recordedsearcheswith481downloadedcitations/abstractsand4,146full-textarticles.Atotalof4,649articles/citationsweredownloaded.Averageuniquesearchesis147permonth.RecordedsearchesinOPACwithintheLibraryis207withtheincreaseofvirtualusagebystaff.

•Clippingsdatabase.Newspaperclippingsofaround725pertainingtoriceandPhilRicewerescannedanduploadedtothedatabase.

•Organizationoflibrarymaterialsanddatabasemanagement.Catalogedpublicationstotalof1,165comprisingof505books,656reprints and 4 journal titles. Barcoded publications entered in the Destinysoftwareis:6,157volumes(4,982titles)andthesoftwarewasupgradedto10.1version.

•CurrentAwarenessService.DailyNewsMonitorwasservicedtotopmanagement.RequestswerealsomadetocompletearticlestoDA-AFISuponrequest.ThesenewsitemswerealsopostedintheLibraryBulletinBoard.Ninety-sevenPhilRicearticles,1,437ricearticleswerecollectedandposted,andcirculated46contentpageswithricearticlesviaemail.

•ReportsandPhilRiceMilestones2011.Contributedfortheannualreport(Milestones)thecitationstudyindicatingthetop10mostcitedPhilRicestaff.ThisisimportantinevaluatingsignificanceofresearchworkofscientiststoothersarewellasprovidinginformationtoourstaffwithCSCandMagnaCartaconcerns.TwonewrequestsforcitationreportsofNManigbasandCAsisweremade for the CSC-Magna Carta.

•LibraryNetworking.EnrolledasamemberofthePhilippineAssociationofAcademicandResearchLibrariesNetwork(PAARLNET).ThisnetworkenablesPhilRietoavailofinterlibrary


loan service and address journal article requests. .

•IndexedArticles.Atotalof434articleswereindexedandcontentpagesemailedtostaff(517pdffilesweredownloaded,80wereuploadedintheGreenstonedatabase).

•CollectionDevelopment.Acquiredatotalof4,636materialsconsistingof1,527books;751journalissues;525reprints/pamphlets;12specialmaterials;and1821newspapers.Morethan300booksoneconomicsand28children’sbooksforthePhilRiceDaycareCenterweresolicitedfromYaleUniversity..

•Circulation.Loaned1,424books,2,098journals,and198mixedmaterialsforroomreadingtooutsiders,withatotalof3526circulated materials.

•PhilRiceMagazine.ContributedarticleonenergyforinclusionasGlobalUpdateandalsoprovidedmaterialstowritersaswellasstafffromODEDR&Dusedforproposalsonenergy.TheissuedevotedoncommunicationandITdidnotincludeGlobalUpdate.

Near-Real Time Rice Seed Information Support System for Region IIIACArocenaJr.,JLdeDios,DA-RFUIII,NIA-PIOIII,andNSQCS

A strong multi-agency collaboration to deliver near-real-time information can be established using the state-of-the-art and existing communication systems like short messaging services (SMS), multimedia services(MMS)andtheinternetor“cloud”incapturing,transmitting,organizing,databasebuildingandpresentingfielddataandobservationsto intended users. The project aims to establish an effective electronic information system tools using the commonly available information infrastructures to facilitate data collection, data transfer, project feedback mechanisms and monitoring

Highlights:• ConceptualProcessFlowwasformulated.Datacomingfrommulti-modecollectionplatforms(cellphoneformsandweb-forms)transmitthroughGSMandtheinternetwillensurethatitwillbereceivedbytheserver.Thesedatawillpassthroughprocessinginterfacefordataorganization before being stored into the database. Stored data are processedintoinformationwithdifferentlevelofaccesstoeachusertype.

• Inventoriesandequipmentneededwereprepared,whichinclude:25unitssmartphoneswithSymbianOS’,1unitsmartphonewithAndroidOSand125units4GbmicroSDmemorycard.


• SecondarydataofInventoryofIrrigatorsAssociationandwatersources by irrigation systems from NIA-PIO and Updated list of seed growersinregionIIIfromNSQCSwereacquired.

• Inapplicationdevelopmentaspect,thefollowingweredone:1.Establishedsystemsanddatacollectionprocessflow2. Installedandconfiguredthereceivingmoduleforthe

cellphone-based data capture infrastructure.3. Developed database and table structure for organization and

storage of received data.4.Developed2cell-phonebasedappsforGPSdatacollection.5. Developedthepreliminary(Stage1)andfinal(Stage2)data

gathering form.6. Developed a process to automatically organize and store

received data into the structured database.7.Conceptproofedthedevelopedappsinsomeseedgrowers

from Pampanga, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija and Tarlac.8.StartedGPSdatagatheringofseedgrowershousehold,trading

post and seed production lots 9.TheprojectproponentsmeetwithMr.NelsonBautista(RegionIIISeedCoordinator)togetherwithRegionIIIProvincialSeedCoordinators.

10. DevelopedtheGeographicalPositionSystemandfielddatagathering e-forms.

Strategic Assessment of Yield-Limiting and Reducing Factors in the PhilippinesROMabalayandEJPQuilang

GISandRemoteSensingrelatedactivities• MappedthericeareasofthePhilippinesathighspatialresolution

using SAR imagery. IRRI and PhilRice, and Sarmap developed a rice extent map of the Philippines at approximately 1ha resolution. Anaccuracyassessmentcovering17provinceswasconductedbyPhilRiceandIRRIstafffrom15Octto7Dec2012.Thevalidationsitesareshowninfigure4.ThefinalaccuracyassessmentandmapwillbemadeavailabletotheDAinmid2013.


Figure 3. The rice extent map for the Philippines

Figure 4.ValidationsitesBuildcapacityinPhilRice/IRRIforricemapping

Rice Validation sites


Build capacity in PhilRice/IRRI for rice mapping

The3rdtrainingcourseonRICEscapeversion5.0toincludethe: 1) the temporal and spatial based criteria for the automatic selection of the acquisitions of interest from an existing database, forallsupportedsensorsandacquisitionmodes;2)thetimeseriesmethod of data processing approach to get the best results from largeENVISATASARacquisitionseries;and3)simplifiedandbetterperformingclassificationprocedurewithrespecttothepreviousversions.The4thtraining(foroneIRRIandonePhilRicestaff)wasconductedonAugust27-Septermber7atSarmapheadquartersinPurasca,SwitzerlandtoprovidethenewupdatesonthesoftwareparticularlytheintegrationofMODISdatawithSARdataforthe determination of the phenological characteristics of rice per cropping season.

Yieldandyieldgapassessmentsusingsimulationmodelingwonthe1stprizeintheCSSP2012conferenceinthedownstreamresearchpostercategory.Itwastestedwhetherthespatialandseasonalvariabilityinyieldandyieldgapsfrom2006to2010canbe modelled using three independent but complementary sources ofinformation:officialstatistics,householdsurveydata,andacropgrowthsimulationmodel.Thestudyaimedtodemonstratehowthese data can be used to map yield gaps and to target appropriate interventions.TherewereminimaldifferencesbetweenBASyieldstatisticsandaveragefarmlevelyields(Table8).ANOVAresults(Table9)suggestedthatactualyieldsfromBASandthesurveyswerecomparable,thusconfirmingthatBASestimatesarerepresentativeof farmers’ reported yields and could be used in the subsequent experiments.

Table8.ComparisonbetweenfarmhouseholdsurveydataandBASprovincial yields.


Table 9. ANOVAbetweenfarmhouseholdsurvey

• TheORYZA2000couldalsosimulateactualyieldswithacceptableaccuracy using information from available survey data to parameterizethesimulationwithobservedmanagementsituations.ThepositivedifferencebetweensimulatedactualyieldsandBASreportedyields(Table10)wereattributedtosocioeconomicandbiophysical constraints not accounted for in the model such as nutrientdeficiencies(otherthanthatofnitrogen),lodging,salinity,submergence,pests,diseases,andweeds.Thehighersimulatedyields during dry seasons are due to overestimated solar radiation.

Table 10. DifferencesbetweenactualyieldsimulationandBASyieldstatistics (t ha–1). a

• Yieldgapsvariedinmagnitudefrom2.5to8.8tha–1.Figure3showsthisvariationbyprovince,bywatersource,andbyseasonasmapsoftheaverageyieldgap(2006-10)andboxplotsoftheyieldgapbyyear.Theprovincialmapsweredistortedrelativetotheirriceproduction to emphasize high-production provinces that still suffer from high yield gaps.

• Rainfedyieldgapswerehigherthanirrigatedyieldgapsinthetoprainfed provinces in the Visayas (Iloilo, Capiz, Leyte) and Mindanao (Maguindanao)–varyingfrom4to8tha–1acrosswetanddryseasons.CentralLuzonandotherprovincesinLuzon,whicharemajorproducersofirrigatedrice,hadrelativelyloweryieldgapsthatrangedbetween3and5tha–1(exceptforCagayanandIsabelawithyieldgapsbetween5and7tha–1).


Figure. 6.Mapsandcorrespondingboxplots,bywatersourceandbyseason.

Crop health related activities

The assessment of crop health in the Philippines involved three main elements: The training and rebuilding of a national capacity to diagnose crophealthinaholisticmanner;(2)ConductofRICE-PREtrialsinIRRIandPhilRice stations aimed at testing this strategic decision tool for crop health management,and(3)Theconductofsurveysinfarmers’fieldstoassessyield-limiting and yield-reducing factors and yield.

Training

TherewerefivelocalworkshopsandoneforeignheldinVietnam.Thegeneralobjectivesofthesetrainings/workshopswereto:1)sharebasicknowledgeonricediseases,animalpests,andweeds,2)demonstratetheidentificationofricediseases,animalpests,andweeds,3)demonstrateprocedureforcollectingdataoncrophealthandproductionsituationinfarmers’fieldsusingtheIRRICrop Health Characterization Portfolio, 4) share information on crop health management, 5) train participants in data processing, and 6) share methods in data analysis and modeling.

RICE-PRE trials

Yield loss that is often experienced by rice farmers in developing countriescanbepreventedwithproperdiagnosisofcrophealth.Availability of crop health specialist is usually lacking in most areas


andoftenfarmerswouldgetadvicefrompesticideandfertilizeragent or distributor. To help, RICE-PRE (Rice Epidemic Prevention) wasdeveloped,astrategicdecisiontoolthatprescribesasetof recommendations that contain the list of strategies for crop production and crop protection aimed at decreasing yield losses. Eachprescriptionwascreatedbasedonthecombinationofseveralelementsnamely:1)riceagro-ecology;2)agriculturalobjectives;3)majorpests;4)cropmanagementoptionsand;5)themostappropriate pest management options available.

TheRICE-PREprescriptionswerederivedfromsurveyresultsinricefieldsinAsiathatshowedaverystrongstatisticallinkbetweenpestsyndromes and the production situations in spite of a broad range of environments and highly diverse injuries caused by harmful agents. Theprescriptionsrecommendtheuseofresistantvarietieswheneveravailable against the major pests that are expected to be production constraints.Itisonlywhenresistantvarietiesarenotavailableandrisk of injuries is unacceptably high that judicious pesticide use is recommended.

• PreliminaryresultsoffieldexperimentsconductedatIRRI,PhilRiceNuevaEcija,PhilRiceNegrosandPhilRiceAgusanduring2012dryseasonshoweda10.5%yieldadvantageofRICE-PREtreatmentover conventional farmers’ practice. This indicated the promising potentialoftheuseofRICE-PREsysteminfarmers’fields.Theresultsofthistrialwerepresentedattwoconferencesin2012,inthe American Phytopathological Society meeting and in IRRI Young Scientist Conference. The experiment is currently in its third season.

Surveys of Farmers’ Fields

IRRIandPhilRicesurveyedatotalof391farmers’fieldsweresurveyedfrom2009to2012coveringatleastsixcroppingseasons.SurveyswereconductedinAgusandelNorte(ADN),Iloilo(ILO),Isabela and Cagayan (ISC), Nueva Ecija (NUE), Negros Occidental (NOC), North Cotabato and South Cotabato (COT). Data on crop healthandproductionsituationwerecollectedaccordingtotheprocedure described in the IRRI Crop Health Characterization Portfolio.

• Thesurveyresultsfrom2009to2011showedthatyielddifferedbetweenseasons(X2=46.86,p=1.69e-07).Yieldvariedacrossseasons:3.4,4.7and5.1ha-1.Yieldalsodifferedbetweenprovinces(X2=69.53,p=2.17e-07).ThehighestyieldwasobtainedinISCat6.9t/ha-1andthelowestwasobtainedinNOCat4.0t/ha-1. Yield inISC,NOCandNUEwashigherinthedryseasonthanintherainy


season.However,inILO,theyieldwasalmosttwotimeshigherinthe rainy season than in the dry season.

• Fourclusterseachofinjuryprofilesandproductionsituations(representedbyasetofcroppingpractices)wereidentifiedusingcluster analysis. These clusters correspond to different levels and natureofinjuriesandproductionsituations.Resultsshowthatclustersofinjuryprofilesweresignificantlyassociatedwithclustersofproductionsituations(X2=25.16,P=0.003).Provincewasassociatedwithclustersofinjuryprofiles(X2=149.24,P<2.2e-16)andwithclustersofproductionsituations(X2=64.99,P=1.449e-10).Theassociationbetweentheseclustersandprovincearefurther analyzed using correspondence analysis.

• Correspondenceanalysiswasperformedtovisualizeandanalyzethestatisticalassociationbetweentheclustersofinjuryprofiles,clustersof production situations, and provinces. NUE is closely associated withCLUSPS1andCLUSPS3(maximumP,maximumK,belowaverageN,belowaverageHU)andwithCLUSIP2andCLUSIP3.CLUSPS2andCLUSPS4arelocation-specificbecausetheseclustersarestronglyassociatedonlywithADNandILO,respectively,whereasCLUSPS3isnotlocation-specificbecauseitisassociatedwithbothADNandNUE.FieldsinILOandCOThavedistinctinjuryprofilesandproductionsituations,whereasfieldsinNUEhavecharacteristics that are similar to those in other provinces. The close associationwithclustersofinjuryprofileswithclustersofproductionsituation further supports that pest management strategies should be based of crop management.

Development of Information System Strategic Plan (ISSP)TheISSPTechnicalWorkingGroupHeadedbyJLdeDios

TosupportPhilRicemandates,thepowerandpotentialsofInformation and Communications Technologies (ICT) in creating its information systems (IS) projects should be tapped. This makes PhilRice’s servicesaccessibleanytimeandanywhereintheworldtoallitsusers,clients,stakeholders, partners, users, employees, citizens, and the general public.

TheISSPstarteditsdevelopmentinthethirdquarterof2012andataround75%completionasofDecember2012.ApplicationsDevelopment(AppsDev)comprises50to70%oftheplanofworkwhiletherestisforinfrastructure development that focuses on inter-branch connectivity and system redundancy and security development.


Highlights:• FormulationandcreationofMissionCriticalInformationSystems(IS)thatempowertheclientstotransactwithPhilRiceelectronicallyregardless of place and time. These IS comprise of front-end and back-endsystemswithintegratingdatabasesandinterfacesforscalability. Central to this is the PhilRice Web Portal that conforms toe-GovernmentStage3metricwhichishighlytransactionalandcitizen-centric. The front-end revolves around clients like farmers, alliedworkers,trainees,businesspartnersandsoforth,whilethebackend revolves around PhilRice staffers from all branches and collaborators for internal operations and usage. The IS shall take advantageoftheinternetprotocol(IP)andwirelessormobiletechnologies.

• Conceptualizationand/orrevisionofPolicies,Standardsand&Proceduresbasedonwellknownandacceptablestandardstogovern the access, use, maintenance and overall security of the agency’sIS.Thepolicyestablishestheprotocolsfortransactingwiththe agency for PhilRice employees and its clients.

• Databaserestructuring,datacleansing,migration,andbuilduptocreatea“renewed”databasewhilethepreviousdatabasesarebeingcleansedformigrationandlaterintegrationwiththe“new”database. This guarantee that both databases are thoroughly “sanitized”beforebeingusedbytheIStobedevelopedwhilenoexisting data being lost.

• RevisitingtheICTinfrastructuretoestablishmentthebasicandnecessary physical and system’s infrastructure in preparation for the deploymentoftheagency’smissioncriticalIS.Thiswillprovidefacilities for PhilRice clients, trainees, business partners, employees and other users and stakeholders to avail of PhilRice’s services on a 24x7basis.Informationsystemnetworksfordevelopmentshouldbeincompliancewiththeinternetprotocolversion6forfuturedevelopment and technical turn over.

• TheDisasterRecoveryFacility(DRF)toguaranteethecontinuityofservice to all stakeholders. Besides, security of information ensures theconfidentiality,availabilityandintegrityoftheclients’suppliedinformation. System backup management plan and Security assessment and vulnerability testing are important part of the general plan in consideration. Secured PhilRice Information Systems shall conformtoISO27001SecurityFramework.


Abbreviations and acronymns

ABA – Abscicic acidAc – anther cultureAC – amylose contentAESA – Agro-ecosystems AnalysisAEW–agriculturalextensionworkersAG–anaerobicgerminationAIS – Agricultural Information SystemANOVA – analysis of varianceAON – advance observation nurseryAT – agricultural technologistAYT – advanced yield trialBCA – biological control agentBLB – bacterial leaf blightBLS – bacterial leaf streakBPH–brownplanthopperBo - boronBR–brownriceBSWM – Bureau of Soils and Water ManagementCa - CalciumCARP – Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Programcav–cavan,usually50kgCBFM – community-based forestry managementCLSU – Central Luzon State Universitycm – centimeterCMS – cystoplasmic male sterileCP – protein contentCRH – carbonized rice hullCTRHC – continuous-type rice hull carbonizerCT – conventional tillageCu – copperDA – Department of AgricultureDA-RFU – Department of Agriculture-Regional Field Units DAE – days after emergenceDAS – days after seedingDAT – days after transplantingDBMS – database management systemDDTK–diseasediagnostictoolkitDENR – Department of Environment and Natural ResourcesDH L– double haploid linesDRR – drought recovery rateDS – dry seasonDSA - diversity and stress adaptationDSR – direct seeded riceDUST – distinctness, uniformity and stability trialDWSR–directwet-seededriceEGS–earlygenerationscreeningEH – early heading

EMBI – effective microorganism-based inoculantEPI – early panicle initiationET – early tilleringFAO – Food and Agriculture OrganizationFe – IronFFA – free fatty acidFFP – farmer’s fertilizer practiceFFS–farmers’fieldschoolFGD–focusgroupdiscussionFI – farmer innovatorFSSP–FoodStaplesSelf-sufficiencyPlang – gramGAS–goldenapplesnailGC–gelconsistencyGIS–geographicinformationsystemGHG–greenhousegasGLH–greenleafhopperGPS–globalpositioningsystemGQ–grainqualityGUI–graphicaluserinterfaceGWS–genomwideselectionGYT–generalyieldtrialh – hourha – hectareHIP - high inorganic phosphateHPL – hybrid parental lineI - intermediateICIS – International Crop Information SystemICT – information and communication technologyIMO – indigenous microorganismIF – inorganic fertilizerINGER-InternationalNetworkforGeneticEvaluation of RiceIP – insect pestIPDTK–insectpestdiagnostictoolkitIPM – Integrated Pest ManagementIRRI – International Rice Research InstituteIVC – in vitro cultureIVM – in vitro mutagenesisIWM–integratedweedmanagementJICA – Japan International Cooperation AgencyK–potassiumkg – kilogramKP–knowledgeproductKSL–knowledgesharingandlearningLCC – leaf color chartLDIS–low-costdripirrigationsystemLeD – leaf dryingLeR – leaf rollinglpa–lowphyticacidLGU–localgovernmentunit


LSTD–locationspecifictechnologydevelopmentm – meterMAS – marker-assisted selectionMAT – Multi-Adaption TrialMC – moisture contentMDDST–modifieddrydirectseedingtechniqueMET – multi-environment trialMFE – male fertile environmentMLM – mixed-effects linear modelMg – magnesiumMn – ManganeseMDDST–ModifiedDryDirectSeedingTechniqueMOET – minus one element techniqueMR – moderately resistantMRT–MobileRiceTeknoKlinikMSE – male-sterile environmentMT – minimum tillagemtha-¹ - metric ton per hectareMYT – multi-location yield trialsN – nitrogenNAFC – National Agricultural and Fishery CouncilNBS–narrowbrownspotNCT – National Cooperative TestingNFA – National Food AuthorityNGO–non-governmentorganizationNE – natural enemiesNIL – near isogenic lineNM – Nutrient ManagerNOPT – Nutrient Omission Plot TechniqueNR–newreagentNSIC – National Seed Industry CouncilNSQCS–NationalSeedQualityControlServicesOF – organic fertilizerOFT – on-farm trialOM – organic matterON – observational nurseryOPAg–OfficeofProvincialAgriculturistOpAPA – Open Academy for Philippine AgricultureP – phosphorusPA – phytic acidPCR – Polymerase chain reactionPDW–plantdryweightPF – participating farmerPFS–PalayCheckfieldschoolPhilRice – Philippine Rice Research InstitutePhilSCAT – Philippine-Sino Center for Agricultural TechnologyPHilMech – Philippine Center for Postharvest Development and MechanizationPCA – principal component analysis

PI – panicle initiationPN – pedigree nurseryPRKB–PinoyRiceKnowledgeBankPTD – participatory technology developmentPYT – preliminary yield trialQTL–quantitativetraitlociR - resistantRBB – rice black bugRCBD – randomized complete block designRDI–regulateddeficitirrigationRF – rainfedRP – resource personRPM – revolution per minuteRQCS–RiceQualityClassificationSoftwareRS4D – Rice Science for DevelopmentRSO–ricesufficiencyofficerRFL–RainfedlowlandRTV – rice tungro virusRTWG–RiceTechnicalWorkingGroupS – sulfurSACLOB – Sealed Storage Enclosure for Rice SeedsSALT – Sloping Agricultural Land TechnologySB – sheath blightSFR – small farm reservoirSME – small-medium enterpriseSMS – short message serviceSN – source nurserySSNM–site-specificnutrientmanagementSSR – simple sequence repeatSTK–soiltestkitSTR – sequence tandem repeatSV – seedling vigort – tonTCN – testcross nurseryTCP – technical cooperation projectTGMS–thermo-sensitivegeneticmalesterileTN – testcross nurseryTOT – training of trainersTPR – transplanted riceTRV – traditional varietyTSS – total soluble solidUEM – ultra-early maturingUPLB – University of the Philippines Los BañosVSU – Visayas State UniversityWBPH–white-backedplanthopperWEPP–watererosionpredictionprojectWHC–waterholdingcapacityWHO – World Health OrganizationWS–wetseasonWT–weedtoleranceYA – yield advantageZn – zincZT – zero tillage


List of Tables

Page

Table 1. Farmerandfarmprofilebytypeofenvironment,2011WS&2012DS.

4

Table 2.Farmpracticesandyieldbyenvironment,2011WSand2012DS.

6

Table 3. Farming characteristics by type of environment. 8

Table 4. Training/seminarparticipationbytypeofenvironment(%).

8

Table 5.Croppingpatternbytypeofenvironment(%). 9

Table 6a.Yieldlevelsbytypeofenvironment,2011WSand2012DS(%).

10

Table 6b. Farmpracticesbyenvironment,2011WSand2012DS.

10

Table 7. Impacts of stress or adverse condition to rice production,2012.

12

Table 8.Comparisonbetweenfarmhouseholdsurveydataand BAS provincial yields.

25

Table 9. ANOVAbetweenfarmhouseholdsurvey 26

Table 10. DifferencesbetweenactualyieldsimulationandBAS yield statistics (t ha–1). a

26


List of Figures

Page

Figure 1.Simulatingthegrowthandyieldperformanceofselected rice-based cropping system using DSSAT under different climate change scenarios

13

Figure 2. Experimental set-up for the localization of the DSSATmodelforriceinPhilRice-Batac,IlocosNorte.2012Dry Season.

14

Figure 4. The rice extent map for the Philippines 24

Figure 5.ValidationsitesBuildcapacityinPhilRice/IRRIforrice mapping

24

Figure. 6.Mapsandcorrespondingboxplots,bywatersourceand by season.

27