Review on

Information Systems

Mrs. Abegale B. Lajo

Scitech Faculty / Computer Dept.

CBIS A computer-based information

system (CBIS) is a data processing system that consists hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are designed to collect, manipulate, store and process data into information.

I.T. IT refers to the technology

components of hardware, software, databases, and telecommunications.

Hardware Hardware comprises of

computer equipment used to perform input, processing, and output operations.

Software Software are the computer

programs that supervise the operation of the computer.

Database Database is a collection of

data that is organized so that its contents can easily be accessed, managed and updated.

People People as a component of

CBIS, people include the personnel of the information systems who manage, run, program, and maintain the system.

Procedures Procedures include the

policies, strategies, methods, and rules of using the CBIS.

Telecommunication Telecommunication is the

electronic transmission of signals for communications, which enables organization to carry out their processes and tasks through effective computer networks1 .

E-commerce Electronic commerce or E-

commerce consists of the buying, selling, marketing, and servicing of products or services over computer networks.

M-commerce Mobile commerce or m-

commerce involves transactions conducted anywhere and anytime with the use of wireless communications.

Transaction Processing Systems

Transaction processing is designed to maintain a database by ensuring that any operations carried out on the database that are interdependent are either all completed successfully or all cancelled successfully.

Enterprise Resource Planning

An enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is a set of integrated programs capable of managing business operations, including product planning, parts purchasing, maintaining inventories, interacting with suppliers, providing customer service, and tracking orders.

Enterprise Resource Planning

Ideally, ERP delivers a single database that contains all data for the software modules (stand-alone applications), which would include:

Manufacturing  Supply chain management  Financials  Project management  Human resources  Customer relationship

management  Data warehouse and various

self-service interfaces Access control Customization

Manufacturing  Engineering, bills of material,

scheduling, capacity, workflow management, quality control, cost management, manufacturing process, manufacturing projects, manufacturing flow

Supply chain management  Order to cash, inventory, order

entry, purchasing, product configurator, supply chain planning, supplier scheduling, inspection of goods, claim processing, commission calculation

Financials  General ledger, cash

management, accounts payable, accounts receivable, fixed assets

Project management  Costing, billing, time and

expense, performance units, activity management

Human resources  Human resources, payroll, training,

time and attendance, rostering, benefits

Customer relationship management  Sales and marketing,

commissions, service, customer contact and call center support

Data warehouse and various self-service interfaces for customers, suppliers, and employees

Access control - user privilege as per authority levels for process execution

Customization - to meet the extension, addition, change in process flow

To be considered an ERP system, a software package must provide the function of at least two systems.

QAD has been recognized as a leading provider of enterprise resource planning (ERP) software applications for global manufacturing companies.

MIS A management information

system, or MIS, is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to provide routine information to managers and decision makers.

MISIn order to provide past, present and prediction information, an MIS can include software that helps in decision making, data resources such as databases, the hardware resources of a system, decision support systems,

people management and project management applications, and any computerized processes that enable the department to run efficiently.

MIS provides a large group of problem solvers with information to solve a wide range of problems.

Other names for MIS include IS (Information Services) and IT (Information Technology).

DSS Decision support system, or

DSS, is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to support business and organizational decision-making activities.

DSS coined by G. Anthony Gorry and Michael S.

Scott Morton A system that is developed to assist a

single manager or small group of managers solve a single problem.

Example: determining the best commission rate for the sales force.

DSS Vendors: Information Builders and

iWay Software Professional Services specialize in building custom-tailored Web decision support systems.

Artificial intelligence includes:

Playing games: training computers to engage in recreation.Expert systems: training computers to formulate decisions in real-life situations. Natural language: programming computers to know natural individual languages.

Artificial intelligence includes:

Neural networks: Systems that replicate intellect by attempting to copy the types of substantial relations that take place in animal brains. Robotics: training computers to find out and listen to and act in response to other sensory stimuli.

Expert System Expert system is a system

that gives a computer the ability to make suggestions and act like an expert in a particular field.

Managers as Information System Users Management Levels Business Areas

Management Levels

coined by Robert N. Anthony, a management theorist.        Top

        Middle

        Lower

Management Levels

Top level – strategic planning level

 Recognizes the impact that their decisions have on the entire organizations for years to come.

Management Levels

Middle level – management control level

 Has the responsibility to put plans into action and to ensure that goals are met.

Management Levels

Lower level – operational control level

Responsible for accomplishing the plans specified by managers on upper levels since it is here that operations of the firm occur.

Business Areas

3 Traditional Areas        Marketing

        Manufacturing

        Finance

Recently Added Areas        Human resources

        Information services

Management Functions

developed by Henri Fayol

   Plan what they are to do   Organize to meet the plan Staff their organization with the necessary

resources   Direct them to execute the plan   Control the resources, keeping them on

course.

Managerial Roles

Developed by Henry Mintzberg that involve interpersonal, informational, and decisional activities

Interpersonal Roles

 Figurehead. The manager performs ceremonial duties, such as giving visiting dignitaries tours of the facilities.

  Leader. The manger maintains the unit by hiring and training the staff and providing motivation and encouragement.

Liaison. The manager makes contacts with persons outside the

Informational Roles

 Monitor. The manager constantly looks for information bearing on the performance of the unit. The manager’s sensory preceptors scan both the internal activity of the unit and its environment.

Disseminator. The manager passes valuable information along to others in the unit.

Informational Roles

Spokesperson. The manager passes valuable information along to those outside the unit – superiors and persons in the environment.

Decisional Roles

Entrepreneur. The manager makes rather permanent improvements to the unit, such as changing the organizational structure.

 Disturbance handler. The manager reacts to unanticipated event, such as the devaluation of the dollar in a foreign country where the firm has operations.

Decisional Roles

  Resource allocator. The manager controls the purse strings of the unit, determining which subsidiary units get which resources.

  Negotiator. The manager resolves disputes both within the unit and between the units and the environment.