information technology for good governance

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Information Technology for Good Governance

Francisco Magno and Ramonette Serafica

Introduction

Since the mid-1980s, strategic efforts have been exerted by many countries to build their telecommunication

and information infrastructures.1 The mobilization of information technology (IT) is deemed crucial in fostering

national competitiveness in the context of a rapidly changing global economy. Increasingly, strong IT capacity is

perceived to make a difference not only in the marketplace but also in the field of governance.

Governance deals with the structures and dynamics of rule making and collective action in society.

Processes of governance do not necessarily reside solely within the sphere of state action and authority. The

contemporary understanding of governance springs from the recognition that governments are limited in their

capacity. Such limitation should be considered in the design of public programs. The integration of participatory

elements in decision making is vital in undertaking effective public management.2

* Francisco Magno is Associate Professor of Political Science and Director of the Social Development Research Center, De La Salle University, Manila. Ramonette Serafica is Associate Professor of Economics, De La Salle University, Manila. For correspondence, please contact <[email protected]>. The authors acknowledge the support of the Asia Foundation and the Yuchengco Center for East Asia in the preparation of this study. Research assistance was provided by Lord Byron Abadeza, Jane Lynn Capacio, Kareff May Rafisura, and Cresmar Yparaguirre. Glenn Sipin reviewed an early version of this paper.

Governance could be seen in broad terms as a system for steering and coordinating collective action.

However, the realm of public action transcends notions of public delivery and state-led changes.3 The state's role is

transformed from that of an almighty sovereign to one that is based on coordination and fusion of public and private

resources. New modes of policy consultation are experimented to improve citizen engagement in the policy

1 For a survey of the policy approaches taken by various countries to develop their information industries, see Dianne Northfield, The Information Policy Maze: Global Challenges - National Responses (Melbourne: RMIT University Press, 1999). 2 See Milton Esman, “The Maturing of Development Administration,” Public Administration and Development, vol. 8, no. 2 (1988): 125-134. 3 Mark Turner and David Hulme, Governance, Administration and Development: Making the State Work (London: Macmillan Press Ltd, 1997), p. 21.

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deliberation process. Information tools such as electronic web sites are utilized to allow various stakeholders to

present their perceptions on public issues.4

In view of the clamor for political innovations in society, it is important to gain a steady grasp of how new

information systems could raise the quality of governance in ways that would satisfy citizen demands. This study,

therefore, seeks to assess the role of IT in promoting good governance. It surveys the various efforts exerted by

national line agencies and local government units in the Philippines to integrate IT in the implementation of policy

and administrative reforms. The drivers and hurdles to such initiatives are likewise examined. Finally, the paper

identifies areas for extending analytical inquiry and policy action in the terrain of electronic governance.

The Role of IT in Good Governance

Advances in IT offer potentially beneficial effects on governance. For instance, the increased performance

and availability at reduced cost of microelectronics, fiber optics, voice and video compression, fast-packet switching

and high-density storage technology could be utilized to make public administration more efficient. Technology

convergence due to digitalization, wide band transmission, compression technologies, and standards development

lends support for the low cost provision of public services such as health care and education. The pursuit of

democratic governance could be fostered with a nation's access to a much greater diversity of communication

sources and network designs. This is facilitated by the unbundling of communication functions and services due to

the emergence of competing technologies, the dispersal of intelligence through diverse communication networks, the

demands of large users, and the institution of competitive markets. In developing countries like the Philippines, the

expansion of two-way interactive media can support local grassroots participation. Democratic politics could be

enhanced through the utilization of updated networking capabilities due to improvements in integration and

switching technologies such as routers, intelligent hubs and asynchronous transfer mode, together with advances in

wide band transmission technologies and software support applications. The increased mobility and portability

arising from distributed intelligence and innovations in wireless technologies such as satellite receivers, cellular

telephony, radio paging, private branch exchange equipment, and local area and wide area networks also provide a

rich environment for cultivating good governance.5

IT promotes good governance in three basic ways: (1) by increasing transparency, information, and

accountability; (2) by facilitating accurate decision-making and public participation; and (3) by enhancing the

efficient delivery of public goods and services. The citizen's right to gain access to public documents is supported

under the country's constitutional framework. Promotion of this right is pursued through the government’s

computerization program and the availability of these documents through the Internet. Many government agencies

use IT facilities to tell the public about their accomplishments, achievements, programs, and plans. The availability of

4 Jon Pierre and B. Gu y Peters, Governance, Politics and the State (London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 2000), pp. 23-25. 5 Robin Mansell and Uta Wehn (etc.), Knowledge Societies: Information Technology for Sustainable Development (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 96-97.

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information helps people, especially those who live in the provinces, to access the data that they need without going

to the nation's capital. Information about government operations is a basic requirement in fostering transparency in

governance. The use of IT could enable the government, as well as civil society, to inform the people of their rights

and privileges.

Government web sites allow the citizens to send their reactions and feedback on issues that affect them. For

example, the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) web site provides entries where the consumers, exporters, and

business people are afforded the opportunity to ask questions, provide suggestions, and file complaints. Increased

transparency in the running of government cultivates a more informed citizenry. The drafting of the Implementing

Rules and Regulations of the Electronic Commerce Act was posted in the web and was able to accelerate the speed

for conducting public consultations since concerned stakeholders were able to express their opinions directly

through the net.6

Aside from the Internet, there are other means by which transparency and accountability is promoted

though the use of IT. Through computer kiosks, people gain access to information especially on contributions to

insurance and loan applications, similar to what is provided by the Social Security Service. The increased ability of

government agencies and citizens to interact provides a favorable setting where more accurate and appropriate

decisions can be made. The IT office of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) evolved from

a data retrieval office to a body that provides decision options. An important thing to consider in this instance is the

ability of IT to connect the central offices to the local areas. This paves the way for the enhancement of local inputs

to decision-making.7

The amount of paper used by the government is greatly reduced by using updated information and data

base systems. As their documents and processes become digitized, the cost of administrative maintenance is

reduced. This freed more resources for use in the distribution of other valuable social goods. Transaction time with

the bureaucracy is shortened. Efficient service provision entail having the right services delivered to the right people,

and delivered fast when the people need it most.

National and Local Efforts in IT for Good Governance

The advent of computerization in the country started as early as 1969 with the creation of the National

Computer Center (NCC) in 1971 through EO 332. The NCC was charged with the task of establishing computerization

capacities in the government, which covered systems conceptualization, design and development, implementation,

and human resource development. It is also mandated to perform regulatory functions in the areas of IT training

certification and in the procurement of computers and peripherals by government agencies. Currently, the NCC is

6 Interview with Toby Monsod, Assistant Secretary, Department of Trade and Industry, October 27, 2000. 7 Interview with Yuljose Malicsi, Computer Programmer III, Decision Systems Support Office, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, October 10, 2000.

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involved in setting standards, conducting policy reviews, and assisting government agencies in their IT development

activities.8

Today, the levels of IT adoption in the various government units can be categorized into four types. There

are those that (1) maintain their own web sites or are on-line, (2) those with local area networks (LAN) or wide area

networks (WAN), (3) those that are highly computerized, and (4) those with a mixture of manual and computerized

work. A number of government offices including local government units are already on-line with their own web sites

that offer various information services (see Annex 1). In 1999, there were 12 WANs installed in a number of agencies.

These include the DTI, Department of Agriculture (DA), Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE), National

Economic Development Authority (NEDA), Department of Finance (DOF), Department of Science and Technology

(DOST), and Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). On the other hand, some130 LANs were set

up in various government offices. Most of the national agencies have LANs, with the exception of the Department of

National Defense (DND) and the Department of Justice (DOJ). 9 As to the number of IT personnel, about 0.3% of an

estimated 1.2 million government employees may be considered as IT personnel.10 Table 1 shows the ratio of

personnel and micro-computers per national government agency.

8 National Information Technology Council, Government Information Systems Plan (Manila: NITC, 2000), pp. 1-37. 9 Ibid, pp. 21. 10 Ibid, p. 33.

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Table 1 : Manpower: Micro-Computer Ratio in National Government Agencies (1998)

Department Number Positions

Filled

Total No. of Units

Ratio Manpower

to Unit Above the Average Department of Agriculture 11,658 2,143 5 : 1 Department of Budget and Management 964 468 2 : 1 Department of Energy 715 493 1.5 : 1 Department of Finance 29,147 3,939 7 : 1 Department of Foreign Affairs 1,802 296 6 : 1 Department of Justice 10,972 768 14 : 1 Department of Science and Technology 4,151 1,075 4 : 1 Department of Social welfare and Development 2,625 172 15 : 1 Department of Tourism 866 306 3 : 1 Department of Trade and Industry 2,973 1,729 2 : 1 National Economic and Development Council 4,795 1,902 2.5 : 1 Below the Average Department of Agrarian Reform 8,209 348 24 : 1 Department of Education Culture and Sports 452,932 583 777 : 1 Department of Environment and Natural Resources 19,783 831 24 : 1 Department of Health 26,424 524 50 : 1 Department of Interior and Local Government 25,075 734 34 : 1 Department of Labor and Employment 16,704 844 20 : 1 Department of National Defense 111,003 315 352 : 1 Department of Public Works and Highways 18,250 631 29 : 1 Department of Transportation and Communications 13,023 578 22 : 1 Note: Total Filled Positions and Total Units are those of Surveyed Agencies Sources: Department of Budget and Management, National Computer Center

Departments and Government Agencies

The Department of Agriculture (DA) has established an internal system for monitoring the operations of

foreign-assisted projects. It is implemented in a World Bank-funded project in Mindanao. The software used is

undergoing revisions to take into account the results of the pilot testing. The system enables its personnel to easily

acquire information on the conditions and availability of farm-to market roads, micro-finance, and land rights issues.

This information can be made available to the public and could yield information that would enable the Department to

generate sound decisions and offer better services.11

An interesting feature of the DA is its National Information Network Kiosk (NIN). The NIN refers to the

information network that seeks to link the DA with various research institutions, international and local

organizations, other government agencies and ultimately, the local end users. It aims to provide easy access to

11 Unless otherwise specified, the data in this section are obtained from the interview with Mr. Gener Daluz, Chief of IT-CAF, Department of Agriculture, Quezon City, 10 October 2000.

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information and marketing services related agriculture and fisheries. At the national level, the DA through a central

server will interconnect businesses and agencies under its umbrella. It can be accessed through a touch screen kiosk

leased by a private company. It is currently installed at the DA Central Office and serves as a demonstration unit that

showcase the activities of the Department under NIN, specifically in facilitating the access of farmers and

cooperatives to agricultural and fisheries information. The DA has made this unit on-line and existing data and

information from the Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS) can be downloaded through this kiosk.

In 2000, the Department plans to put up at least four information kiosks in selected sites. The types of

information to be made available in the kiosks will vary depending on the predominant crops and products in the area

where the kiosk is located. Basic information contained in each kiosk shall include price and market data, as well as

production and post-production technology packages. The department also maintains its own web page and offers

the latest information on agriculture. Aside from being on-line, the department is one of the few agencies with a

WAN system. This system connects the central office to the 15 regional field units, bureaus and attached agencies.

The personnel that operate the system come from the Information Technology Center for Agriculture and Fisheries

(IT-CAF) with training coming from the Agricultural Training Institute (AIT). Generally, all funds come from the

annual appropriations of the Department. However, the Department recently entered into an agreement with the

Philippine Chamb er of Commerce and Industry (PCCI) to develop the Electronic Import Permit and License Issuance

System with the support of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).

The Department of Budget and Management (DBM) had been lauded for launching an Electronic

Procurement System (EPS). The Internet-based services to be provided under the system include the following: (1) a

public tender for procurement services, (2) a catalogue and virtual store for procurement services transactions with

government agencies, and a (3) suppliers registry to provide agencies a common list of accredited suppliers to

support invitation bids. The EPS simplifies the procurement of supplies by all government agencies. Government

agencies can locate and order products that have been tested and pre-qualified by the Procurement Service of the

DBM. Accreditation of suppliers could also be done through the Internet. Moreover, government agencies could

post bid notices and get responses from the accredited suppliers. The system streamlines and improves the

transactions of government agencies and their suppliers. The system allows greater efficiency in the use of personnel

resources and in the implementation of procurement standards, cost reduction measures, transparency guidelines,

and economic development plans.

The evolution of the Decision Support System Office (DSSO) of the Department of Environment and Natural

Resources (DENR) reflects the changing role the office plays in the IT development of the DENR. It started as the

Electronic Data Processing Center in the 1970s and was renamed as the Management Information Systems Division

by virtue of Executive Order 192 issued by then President Corazon Aquino. The decision to rename it as the Decision

Support System Office carries with it added responsibility for the unit. Apart from the traditional role of generating

reports and serving as a “post office” and information-clearing house, the DSSO also carries the responsibility of

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providing decision systems options to DENR officials. When faced with a policy issue, the DSSO mobilizes the

available information, processes them and generates decision options.12

The DENR maintains a document tracking system that monitors incoming and outgoing documents. This

system allows a particular document to be delivered electronically from the sender to the receiver. The system

speeds up inter-Departmental transactions. The DENR also has a WAN that links all Provincial Environment and

Natural Resources Offices (PENROs), Community Environment and Natural Resources Offices (CENROs) and the

Central Office. There is also a Telemetry that makes it possible to measure data from the field and recording it in the

Central Office. Even remote field locations could already be reached through this technology.

The Department likewise tracks down its financial transactions through the Financial Management

Information System. It links the following offices: Accounting, Budget, Personnel, Cashier and the COA. There is

also the Confiscation Database that monitors the volume of timber confiscated. The system is used by the Special

Action and Information Division of the Department but imposes an added burden on DSSO personnel since they

have to conduct fieldwork to verify the information reported. Information on timber confiscation reported by

different offices (e.g., CENRO and PENRO) sometimes display discrepancies. Other systems include the Sulu-Celebes

Database, which is still under development. This system features a “Rapid Ecological Resource Assessment” of the

Sulu-Celebes area and makes it possible for the user to retrieve scientific data about the area such as coliform

concentration, quantity of sea grasses, and location of fish sanctuaries. There is also a Personnel Information

System that contains employee records.

The Management Information System of the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)

includes the Synchronized Planning, Programming and Budgeting system that covers the preparation of preliminary

budget proposals. Since 1994, the system has been supporting the integrated documentation of the Department's

annual budget proposal to the DBM. It is the Department's most extensive IT system as it houses information

regarding proposed projects, performance targets, activities and budgets, and monitoring reports. 13

Another IT system is the Reporting Systems for Center and Institutions, which contain the information

needed by program management. It covers the operations of DSWD's centers and institutions. The Computer-based

Management and Information System covers the monitoring of all programs and projects that have been devolved to

local government units. Reports of DSWD projects can also be accessed by the higher officials of the Department,

and by some of its clients through the Concurrent Reporting System of programs and special projects. The

Department also has a Document Tracking System that enables the Secretary, Undersecretaries and Assistant

Secretaries to exchange documents electronically. However, the various divisions are not yet linked to the system.

The Computerized Personnel Information System allows for a speedy access of information pertaining to the

Department's personnel records. The DSWD also has a Day Care Center Database where information about the

12 Interview with Mr. Yuljose Malicsi, Computer Programmer III, Decision System Support Office, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, October 10, 2000. 13 Management and Information Service, Computer-Based Management Manual of Operations, prepared by the Information System Divisions, January 1997.

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location of day care centers nationwide is stored. Likewise, under the Departments' MIS is the Early Childhood

Development Project (ECDP) funded by the IMF and WB which monitors the implementation of the project in pilot

cities and municipalities. Despite the many IT systems installed in the DSWD, it has yet to finish the construction of

its web page and to move to windows applications since most of the systems mentioned are still running on the DOS

operating system (although they operate on a dual operating system). The DSWD is also developing a Community-

based Poverty Mapping System and a Request and Referral Information System.14

Tasked to ensure the uplift the quality of civil servants in the country, including IT personnel, the Civil

Service Commission15 (CSC) has fully computerized it client-based application systems. Aside from the computerized

civil service examinations where the results can be released within the day, the commission also computerized its

Mamamayan Muna In Action campaign. The CSC established information kiosks in its Central Office that allow

clients to access the following:

e-Verification- answers all Eligibility Verification and related query e-Docque- document tracking and query system E-Case Resolve- compilation of cases that have already been resolved e-Resolutions- CSC's must important resolutions e-Exam Reg- allows for an electronic registration of civil service examinees e-JOBSEEK- list of vacant positions in various government agencies The CSC is also already

linked with the Department of Labor and Employment eQUAL Standard- list of government positions with their corresponding qualification

standards ePlacement- allows the user to search for any job placement in the government ePublication- posts the current CSC publication e-Exam Schedule- posts all upcoming examination schedule e-Accredited- list of all government accredited training institutions

There are also in-house applications, including the COCOS that tracks outgoing documents, and the DBAR,

a database of people that are barred from taking CSC exams. In addition, the commission utilizes a Career Executive

Service (CES) Information System. It is the integrated database of all CES Programs that include information on

selection, recruitment, and examination procedures. There is also the Statistics on the CES with information, updated

on a monthly basis, pertaining to the number of officials in CES positions and the number of vacant positions that

available. The CES Plantilla is constantly monitored and updated. CES occupancy reports are released quarterly or

whenever necessary. The information generated is used to guide the implementation of CES programs in policy

research, career placement, and performance management. The task of encoding data into the system is

decentralized. The source of a particular document determines the type of information the public could access.16

The House of Representatives’ Bills and Information System monitors the status of bills and resolutions.

However, due to the limited capacity of the central system, the structural data is the only available information.

14 Interview with Godfrey Gollayan, Assistant Planning Officer, Department of Social Welfare and Development. 15 Interview with Ms. Zenaida Dinsay, Information Officer, Information Technology Division, Civil Service Commission, October 11, 2000. 16 E-mail from Paul de la Cuadra, Head, Management Information Systems Unit, Career Executive Service Board, October 12, 2000.

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Unless the storage capacity of the central system could be upgraded, the text of the bills and resolutions could not

be made available. Another limitation is that the structural data available in the system could not be downloaded.

Since it is not yet "web-enabled," public access to the data is possible only through filing a request with the

Information Technology Division of the House. Only ten offices are hooked up to the system.17

The House and the Philippine Senate have web sites that are hosted by private servers. Similarly other

representatives maintain their own web sites and are connected also to the Internet through private Internet service

providers. Unfortunately, the web sites of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives do not offer relevant

and up-to-date information. Presently, both web sites are hosted by a private server and some of the offered

information are either not available or under construction. For example, the House of Representatives' schedule of

plenary proceedings is not available. This link could have informed citizens and interested groups on the schedules

of sessions and meetings. On the other hand, the schedule of committee hearings was not regularly updated.18

The Philippine Senate currently does not have an official web site. The official homepage that it used to

have is under renovation. Now, the upper house is using a site hosted by a private server. Like the House of

Representatives web site, the Senate web site does not offer relevant information. For instance, although the first

page stated that there are online polls for people's opinions, upon clicking the link, the site provides a blank page.

Moreover, a list of the senate proceedings, meetings and floor deliberations is also unavailable on the web.

The Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) maintains a Land Information System with a database of

information relating to land distribution undertaken by the Department. The entry point of data is at the provincial

level. Data are upgraded monthly. The system allows the central office to monitor the progress of land distribution. It

also has a Legal System with information on all the cases handled by DAR's lawyers. This makes legal research more

manageable by classifying cases according to various categories. Payroll and personnel data are also stored in its

digital form. Three divisions under DAR, namely Systems Development, Operations and Monitoring, and Statistics

are spearheading the Department's IT-related initiatives. Management of Information System unit was organized in

1987 and was initially occupied by people from different offices. At present, the division has its own plantilla of IT

positions.19

The Commission on Audit (COA) aside from a heavy computerization has a GAARIS system that stores all

the memorandum, circulars, and laws, speeches, and audit reports of the commission. This system is also offered

through the Internet enabling researchers, and those who wish to see the audit reports of the COA easy access.

The Central Management Information Office (CMIO) of the Department of Finance20 (DOF) started

embarking on the heavy computerization of the agency in 1993. The DOF manages the FINLINK, a multi-agency

17 Interview with Ed Damian, Chief, Information Technology Development Division, House of Representatives, Congress of the Philippines. 18 http://senate.hypermart.net/ 19 Interview with Nestor Bayoneto, Chief-Systems Development Division, Department of Agrarian Reform, October 12, 2000. 20 E-mail from Aldrin L. Varilla, Information Technology Officer, Department of Finance, September 25, 2000 and September 28, 2000.

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cooperation for a financial information management system that links the Bureau of Internal Revenue, Bureau of

Customs, Bureau of Treasury, Social Security Services, Government Service Insurance System, Bangko Sentral ng

Pilipinas, DBM, DTI, NEDA, NCC, Securities and Exchange Commission, and Land Transportation Office. The

Department’s Domestic Finance Group (DFG) is also a vital network system for their office automation and runs their

Revenue Management System, Internet Connectivity, and e-mail. The services provided through this system are to

be expanded through funds from US-AID that will support data warehousing. Its web site also offers vital

information about the country’s financial situation, links to other sites, and calls for bidding. Its Tax Credit Group is

in the process of automating its tax credit center to minimize graft and corruption through funds coming from

Australian Agency for International Development (Aus AID).

Under the Department of Finance (DOF), the Bureau of Customs (BOC) and the Bureau of Internal Revenue

(BIR) has computerized most of its operations to become more efficient in revenue collection. The BOC through its

Automated Customs Operations System (ACOS) has reduced paper work and automated many processes including

payments. The following systems are offered through ACOS: an electronic manifest system, an electronic entry into

the Bureau’s computers, an assessment module that automatically computes the taxes and duties to be paid, and a

selectivity system that determines the risk profile of shipments. Its collection system covers all the processes from

payment to banks, monitoring of payments, and remittance to the National Treasury. The ACOS also provides an on-

line release system that connects the BOC to the various terminals and harbor systems, an automated export

documentation system, a valuation system adopted from the World Trade Organization (WTO), and an Automated

Bond Management System (ABMS). 21

The BIR has embarked on a five-year Tax Computerization System project. Its Integrated Tax System has

been rolled out to 5 Revenue Data Centers, 7 Regional Offices, 41 Revenue District Offices, and its National Office.

Most of the processes of the bureau are already stored in computers and made available through networks

connecting the various offices. Payments can be made to select banks. Although the processes are not yet

automated, the data entry to computers by the personnel allows for the easy verification and recovery of vital

information about the taxpayers and their payments. The Bureau offers on line a TIN verification through its web

site, where other information are available, including BIR forms that can be downloaded and printed.

Considered as the most extensive and advanced user of IT among government agencies, the Social Security

System (SSS) started on the digital road in 1989 when its first LAN was created. Presently it has a WAN that covers

90 remote sites and integrates its Business Recovery System, Branch On-line Inquiry System, and SSS ID

(Identification) System. An SSS member presently has an ID card that allows the person to access information about

the status of her SSS contributions through a kiosk. It affords better security for a person inquiring on data

pertaining to contributions and loan records. Unfortunately, one has to go to the SSS offices to be able to use the

21 http://www.customs.gov.ph/boc/cpboc01.htm

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card and a kiosk, although the computerization of the SSS facilitated the quick releases and monitoring of pensions

and loans. 22

One of the lead agencies in the government’s IT development that provide technical and research services

to various agencies is the Department of Science and Technology (DOST). It also creates information systems and

database to better manage the country’s resources and provide readily available information for researches on

science and education, the Philippine trees, bamboo, rattan, metalworking, mango, medicinal plants, malaria, textiles,

etc. It also helps in the formulation of information networks in different areas and universities. Its WAN located in

Bicutan attempts to interconnect the entire area as a knowledge-based area conducive for research and development

in science and technology. The Department is aiming at providing all these services and information through a

procurement system for science and technology research. Under the DOST is the National Computer Center (NCC)

that provides technical know-how and training to government personnel. It is mandated to review and approve all

government projects relating to IT. It has a document tracking system, a web site that provides the pertinent policies

and links to agencies in government.

Another leader in the promotion of IT for governance is the DTI which heads the Information Technology

and Electronic Commerce Council (ITECC), the highest policy making body on IT in the country. The DTI has in

place a LAN and WAN that connects the various DTI offices. The DTI web site is complete in terms of trade and

industry-related policies, like the Electronic Commerce Act and the Investment Code. It also serves as a venue for

the Department to assist consumers, businesses, industries, exporters, and importers by highlighting their rights,

privileges, and responsibilities. Furthermore, it has an updated report of the Secretary on what is new in the trade

and industry sector. Aside from this, the Department also has a free Internet station in Makati. It is also in the

process of creating a ”one-stop-access” facility for all the information about the Department.

The National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) web site offers extensive information and links

about the Philippines economic and development status, goals and programs, and recent pronouncements. Recent

development in the country and government can be downloaded from this site including all the policies and

strategies including those relate to IT. One can access in the web site the Medium Term Philippine Development

Plan, policy paper results, socio-economic data, laws relating to the economy, information about NEDA itself, recent

developments, and links to other sites.

Local Government Efforts

At the local government level, the approval of the Local Government Computerization Plan has provided the

necessary policy environment for the promotion of IT use in local governance. There have been success stories in

the use of IT for good governance, which mainly cover the computerization of registration processes and payroll

systems, access to local information, tax collection, and efficient monitoring of programs. So far, the 1997 NCC

survey showed that the 42 provinces and 32 cities that responded to the survey have at least one micro-computer.

22 National Information Technology Council, Government Information Systems Plan, pp. 23-24.

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Benguet has 83 computer systems while Saranggani has one. Among the respondents, 22 cities declared that they are

connected to the Internet.23

The DOF has recognized Muntinlupa City’s real property tax administration (RPTA) automation program as

a national model after the city has increased its collection efficiency by 85 percent. The heavy computerization and

automation of administrative processes relating to real property taxation enables a taxpayer to expend only about 10

minutes for payment purposes. Aside from the printing of assessment rolls that takes about two weeks (it used to

take four months), the over-all process takes only 25 minutes to an hour. The City has also provided computers

where taxpayers can freely access related real estate tax information.24

Marikina City also conducted a similar effort in 1997 when it automated its real property tax administration

by linking up with a private company. Naga City, a Galing Pook Awardee in 1996, is also in the process of full

computerization that would include the barangays. As a final example, the province of Catanduanes is considered a

model for rural telecommunications development. Through the efforts of Congressman Verceles, Jr., the province has

established the Catanduanes Community Television Network (CATVN), the Catanduanes Barangay Calling Station

Network with 140 public calling stations using cellular phones, and the Catanduanes Internet Network (CATNET).

As a result of increased access, local high schools and barangays are now able to enjoy audio-visual educational

and non-formal livelihood programs.

Drivers and Hurdles

Enabling Policy Environment

The country’s vision for the utilization of information technology as a tool for people empowerment and

global competitiveness is articulated in the National Information Technology Plan for the 21st Century. IT21 provides

a blueprint and timetable for the country to become a knowledge society, containing the goals and broad strategies

for use of IT in government as well as in other aspects of the economy.

Foremost in the list of policies relating to IT is the E-Commerce Act of 2000 or Republic Act 8792. It

provides the legal infrastructure for electronic transactions in the country. Its salient features include the recognition

of electronic documents and electronic data messages as legal documents with the “legal effect, validity or

enforceability as any other document or legal writing…”.25 In addition, the E-commerce Act recognizes electronic

signatures with certain assumptions. It also defines the rules against “cybercrimes” such hacking, misuse of

electronic documents and secrecy violations. Piracy of softwares is also prohibited under this act.26 With the

passage of this Act, the government has established the necessary policy and regulatory environment governing

online transactions. Since it is based on the Model Law on Electronic Commerce drafted by the United Nations

23 Ibid, pp. 1-30. 24 Liza Cruz, “Muntinlupa Automation Program Recognized as National Model,” Manila Bulletin, July 7, 2000. 25 Chapter Two, Section 7, Republic Act 8792 (Electronic Commerce Act of 2000). 26 Part IV, Section 23, (a) and (b), RA 8792.

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Commission for International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), the law also prepares the Philippines for participation in global

e-commerce.

Considered as the bible of the government’s IT sector, the approval of the Government Information Systems

Plan (GISP) provides a more comprehensive and operationalized strategy on the computerization of government. The

document contains the various infrastructures needed to wire-up the bureaucracy, identifies critical areas, strategies

and solutions, policy frameworks, and implementation and financing.

Other policies that affect IT investment in the country include the Investment Priorities Plan (IPP) that seeks

to achieve countrywide development through globally competitive industries. Implemented by the Philippine Board

of Investments, the IPP lays the incentives and investment areas specific for IT. Another is the Special Economic

Zone Act or RA 7916, which establishes the legal environment for economic zones (ecozones) such as information

technology parks. It provides incentives to businesses located in these ecozones. A recent guideline though

released by the BOI revealed that IT firms local or foreign need not locate themselves in IT parks to avail of the

incentives outlined in the Omnibus Code of 1987.27 Another regulatory policy is the country’s recognition of

intellectual property rights with the passage of the Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines. The code enhances

the protection of intellectual property rights (IPRs), privacy and data security. Moreover, this code sets limits to the

use of pirated software.

Thus, there is a vision, a plan, and a set of basic safeguards. With these policies and the approval of the

GISP, the government has provided an enabling policy environment for IT use and development in government.

Institutional Framework and Program Implementation

With the policy framework in place, the next challenge would be in terms of program

implementation, in particular, with respect to the implementation of the GISP.

According to the Plan, the Department of Budget and Management shall be the chief GISP

implementor. However, the capacity and preparedness of the DBM to carry out the GISP, in terms of

mandate and resources, is unclear. Is there a permanent office within the DBM dedicated to this task?

As mentioned in the plan itself, the DBM currently has limited capacity and inadequate mechanism for

government-wide prioritization and determination of the required mix and levels of funding for

government IT projects. Obviously, such limitation will hamper the success of the GISP.

Other concerns involve the absence of a clear delineation of roles with respect to the management of

various aspects of the GISP including its realization at the local government unit level, and responsibility for the

GISP’s technical management component. There is also a need to demarcate responsibilities in networking and

linkaging processes, as well as in the formulation and monitoring of benchmarks and standards. Clear policy thrusts

27 Erwin Lemuel Oliva, “Are IT Ecozones Still Relevant?” Philippine Daily Inquirer, October 23, 2000.

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in the development of human resources, individual IT projects of agencies, procurement, and financing hinder the

widespread usage of IT for good government.28 There is also no comprehensive procurement policy of information

technologies and there arise problems in the sharing of technologies by different government agencies.29

Thus, a fragmented and weak governance structure for government IT initiatives remains a major hurdle.

Even as the broad policy framework has been created, implementation problems may arise when the “details” are not

clearly defined. In particular, ownership of the Plan and its various components must be clearly established.

The creation of the Information Technology and Electronic Commerce Council (ITECC) from the merger of

the National Information Technology Council and the Electronic Commerce Promotion Council (ECPC) is supposed to

oversee the implementation of IT21 and the GISP. Moreover, the ITECC is tasked to harmonize all the various IT

policies and programs. Hopefully, the newly created body will be able to solve the weak and/or missing institutional

arrangements needed for effective and efficient implementation of the various government IT initiatives.

Financing

Like most other government agencies and projects, the lack of funding serves as the main problem in

implementing the government’s IT plans. The DOST's e-governance projects, for example, are facing "severe

resource constraints" as there is still no disbursement form the DBM for its interactive/transactional portal for

DOST's e-commerce services, one of its priority projects.30 Bureaucratic delay and inefficiency also adds to the

problem of IT development, in the House of Representatives for instance, it is both tedious and difficult to justify IT

development-related purchases. By the time, the software and/or hardware is purchased, it is already obsolete.

Moreover, there is limited flexibility in the use of the agency’s budget. DECS, for instance, wants to build a kiosk or

center for IT services but their budget does not allow for the establishment of a new building.

In fact, even if a budget has been set aside it is not guaranteed. As described in the GISP, there is a

provision in the General Appropriations Act that allows agency heads to use IT funding for other projects in case of

a cash shortfall. During the year, as cash allocations for the common fund of agencies drop, agency heads may

decide to use the cash for more important programs. This situation becomes even more problematic when the IT

projects affected are part of inter-agency initiatives. The discontinuity, delays, and the uneven pace of

implementation among interrelated IT programs and projects could result in huge inefficiencies and waste.

A good approach to ensuring funding is exemplified in the DA’s NIN system, which was able to get funding

for its IT system through the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA). The inclusion of an IT clause in

this bill facilitated and ensured that there will be funding for IT development. Section 41 of the AFMA provides that,

"A National Information Network (NIN) shall be set-up from the Department level down to the regional, provincial

and municipal offices within one year from the approval of this Act taking into account existing information networks

28 National Information Technology Council, Government Information Systems Plan, pp. 1-41. 29 Although NCC approves government agencies’ IT plans and thereby the procurement of information technologies, the lack of a comprehensive policy can only cause delays in the acquisition of these technologies. 30 "Poor Funding Hounds E-Governance Thrust," Business World, October 5, 2000.

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and systems. The NIN shall likewise link the various research institutions for easy access to data on agriculture and

fisheries research and technology. All departments, agencies, bureaus, research institutions, and local government

units shall consolidate and continuously update all relevant information and data on a periodic basis and make such

data available on the Internet."

Part of the solution identified in the plan is to tap the private sector, which is not so different from the

strategy undertaken by the previous administration with respect to infrastructure financing (i.e., BOT and its

variants). As a first step, determining which aspects of the government’s IT plan should be funded by the

government and which could be left to the private sector must be resolved.

Telecommunications Infrastructure

One criterion for electronic commerce as well as electronic democracy readiness is connectivity

or access. Currently, access to ICT such as Internet-based electronic commerce by ordinary citizens is

critically hampered by the limited access to telecommunications. Although the liberalization of the

telecommunications industry has significantly improved the availability of telephones, majority of the

population still do not enjoy the benefits of modern communications.

A study conducted by the Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC 2000)

on the state of telecommunications access in the country revealed that in 1998, there were more than 6

million lines installed resulting in teledensity of 8.41. However, less than half of the available capacity is

actually subscribed resulting in a teledensity for subscribed lines of 3.80 with a lower penetration rate of

2.77 if only the lines subscribed by residential users are considered. In terms of household penetration,

it was estimated that no more than 14.10% of Filipino households had a telephone given the number of

residential lines and the number of households at that time. Since some families may have more than one

telephone then this figure overstates actual household penetration.

As with most infrastructure service, the distribution of telephones in the country is concentrated in Metro

Manila enjoying an installed teledensity that is more than three times that of the next highest region, Southern

Tagalog, while the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) suffers from the lowest penetration rate. A

similar pattern can be seen in terms of subscribed teledensity.

GRAPH 1. REGIONAL TELEDENSITY (1998)

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In terms of coverage, as the following table reveals, almost half of the cities and municipalities in the country

enjoy the benefits of private telephone service while a little more than three-quarters can rely on the presence of a

public payphone. Cellular coverage is less widespread at only one-third of the total number of cities and

municipalities. Overall, 86 percent of the 1,609 cities and municipalities enjoy at least one type of telecommunications

service in their area.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

I II III IV V VI

VII

VIII IX X XI

XII

XIII

AR

MM

CA

R

NC

R

Unsubscribed

Subscribed

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Table 2. COVERAGE OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES

Latest figures from the National Telecommunications Commission on key indicators are shown in Table 3.

Table 3. LOCAL EXCHANGE CARRIER SERVICE (LEC)

As of December 1999

1999

No. of Operators 76

No. of Installed Lines 6,811,616

No. of Subscribers 2,892,435

Cities/Municipalities W/ Telephone Service

54%

Telephone Density (Inst.) 9.12

Source: National Telecommunications Commission (NTC)

As the figures show, even at the community level, physical access to a telecommunications network capable

of data traffic at an adequate bandwidth must be addressed to enable citizens to access government services and

information.

Cities & Municipalities (Total Philippines – 1,609)

Total Number

% Share of Total C & M

w/ LEC 765 48 % w/ PCO/Public Payphone 1240 77 % w/ a Cellular coverage 515 32 % w/ LEC or PCO/Public Payphone 1359 84 % w/ LEC or PCO/Public Payphone or Cellular coverage 1376 86 %

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Human Resources

One of the areas where the country has a comparative advantage is in our IT human resources. Our IT

personnel have been hailed by the government as skilled in computer technology and with a good command of the

English language (which is still the medium of business and diplomacy). The Philippine Business Report, published

by the DTI showed that a US-based survey on the “Global New E-conomy Index” placed the country on top of the

world ranking as number one in “knowledge jobs”. The indicators used include the availability of qualified

engineers, IT skills and higher education enrollment.31 Enrollment in information technology rose from 36,947 in 1990

to 117,799 in 1995, while the number of graduates rose from 4,461 in 1990 to 11,598 in 1995. This data though

separates the graduates of engineering and technology.32 The effect of an attractive IT human resource is the

increased confidence in foreign investment to IT in the country, but also of piracy.

The high demand for Filipino IT professionals presents a serious problem for the government, which has to

compete not only with the local private sector but also with the rest of the world. Not only is it difficult to attract

qualified people, it is equally hard to retain highly skilled government IT staff members who are lured by private

companies and/or opt to work abroad.

As expected, government IT offices complain about the inadequacy of IT personnel. To illustrate, the

DoF’s CMIO is under-staffed with only four IT personnel doing various levels of IT work. The CSC laments the lack

of computer programmers and the lack of literacy training. The DENR’s DSSO only has 27 personnel and not

everybody gets to do IT-related job, since some administrative matters have to be attended, hence only 20 people are

assigned in systems development. In the case of the DSWD, the biggest problem encountered is the lack of work

force. Moreover, the people assigned in the IT section do not possess advanced computer skills. To cope with this

problem, the DSWD, given the absence of an office whose function is solely for IT development, created the Data

Management and Information Division under the Policy Plans and Information Bureau. Its objective is to give

attention to the IT aspect of data management and has an Information Technology Section. Since there are no

available IT positions, all personnel in the IT Section come from other divisions. As a final example, the IT-CAF of

the DA has at present 60 available positions but half of them remain unoccupied. Actually, the IT-CAF of the DA is

considered a good training ground and thus has become prone to piracy.

The current IT manpower policy should be evaluated to partly address this issue. As discussed in the GISP,

the classification and compensation policies in government have not been updated to accommodate new IT-related

positions or functions that have emerged as a result of increased computerization of the government workplace.

Moreover, the compensation structure in government does not provide a premium for skills that are in high demand

resulting in uncompetitive salaries.

Education & training play a crucial role in ensuring that despite the “brain drain” in IT personnel in the

government and largely in the country itself, there will be a continuous supply of competent human resources. It is

also critical in bridging the so-called “digital divide” with respect to skill requirements. Although there is no

31 Department of Trade and Industry, Philippine Business Report, Vol. 11 No. 7 (July 2000).

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guarantee that those who will come from these training centers will stay (as in the case of the DA), it will nonetheless

partly address the lack of personnel complement or so-called “people-ware”.

Socio-Cultural Issues

A final stumbling block relates to the receptiveness to the use of IT within and outside government.

Making a commitment to fund IT programs and projects is one form of support needed from our leaders. In turn,

there must be sufficient public support for government to invest in IT over other public needs. A limited government

budget needs to make sacrifices in some sectors to be able to invest in others. It may be difficult to make a case for

investments in IT over traditional public expenditures so there must be sufficient public support for government to

invest in IT over other public needs.

Aside from a political commitment that translates to more funds, support for IT use in government agencies

needs to be strengthened as well. Having in place the necessary system does not guarantee the full support of the

people in government offices. For example, the Legal System of DAR fails to fulfill its function because the end users

refused to update the information (e.g. status of the cases). Even within DENR there is a resistance for the fear that

the DSSO will become very powerful, after it has evolved to an important component of the Department.

Thus, if the users do not cooperate, it is difficult to make the system operational unless there is a mechanism

by which users' compliance could be enforced. Government personnel relations are equally important in ensuring

that the technologies will be maximized. With respect to the general public, there is a need to influence attitudes

toward these new technologies to increase acceptance and utilization. Training and education on its proper as well

as improper use must be undertaken.

32 http://www.info.com.ph/chedco/ipd1.htm/

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Conclusion

Information technology contributes to good governance by (1) increasing transparency, information, and

accountability, (2) facilitating accurate decision-making and public participation, and (3) enhancing efficient delivery

of government services. Currently, the national and local governments are implementing various IT initiatives to

maximize its potential.

Although the overall policy framework to guide IT use in government is already in place, there are still a

number of concerns that will need to be addressed for the effective use of IT for good governance. These drivers

and hurdles raise several issues for strategic inquiry and action.33

Reinventing government as an organization

The adoption of IT in government business processes affects all aspects of the organization. It impacts

policies and procedures relating to hiring of personnel, human resource deployment, budgeting, financing,

procurement, and others. With an organization as big as government where each of these functions are conducted

by separate agencies, creating an e-government will require effective management to orchestrate IT efforts that seem

fragmented and piecemeal.

Implementing e-government is complex and requires not only a vision and a plan but also strong political

leadership at the highest level. Leadership also means that a permanent team has to be put in place within

government that has the political clout and the funding to force government managers to rethink current working

practices and impose technology standards.

Distributional effects

A prerequisite for active participation in the modern society is access to the physical communications

network. Given the current imbalance of access to communications facilities, an important issue that must be studied

is the extent to which this may result in the unequal distribution of the gains from the use of IT by the government.

The digital divide has implications for digital democracy in its various forms such as online voting, opinion polling,

soliciting feedback on legislative drafts, and electronic-petitions. Will the use of IT contribute to even greater social

and economic inequalities?

33 See The Economist (June 2000) for a comprehensive survey of the problems, approaches, and other insights on e-government, some of which are mentioned in this section.

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What can be done to ensure widespread availability of ICT at the community level (e.g., multi-purpose

kiosks or telecenters)? Aside from physical access, are there other factors, e.g., basic skills and language, which act

as barriers to the successful utilization of IT for good governance at the community level?

Various technology solutions integrating different communications media are already available to

deal with the digital divide. However, currently the country does not have the policy and regulatory

framework governing convergence and so this is another area for action.

Advocacy, Acceptance, Attitude

A culture receptive to e-governance will have to be cultivated to increase the success of IT for good

governance, both inside and outside government. Civil society can play an active role in advocacy efforts.

It is also critical to build the trust and confidence of the general public in conducting electronic transactions.

In addition to maintaining the highest standards of data and privacy protection, how can we encourage citizens to

make the web the preferred channel in conducting business with the government and for acquiring information? Do

we need to provide incentives for transacting on-line and disincentives for transacting off-line?

Relevance of information made available on the websites will also increase utilization. An information needs

assessment among the target users or clientele must be conducted on a regular basis to make sure that the data or

information posted are relevant as well as adequate in scope and frequency.

Forging Public/Private Partnerships

Given the resource constraints in the public sector, innovative provision and financing models will have to

be introduced to meet the government’s IT needs.

With sufficient incentives, the private sector would be encouraged to participate. One question that we

need to look into is if a regulatory framework is needed to govern partnerships between the government and the

private sector. The rules could cover for example, the extent of risk sharing or revenue sharing as well as establis h

the parameters allowing private sector to supply public services and to package these with commercial services.

In addition to finding the optimal mix of public-private financing and provision, best practice models in other

aspects, for example, education and training should be explored. In addition, industry and government could work

together to establish a national IT human resource plan.

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Annex 1. Government ICT Projects34

(Ongoing)

Project Title Description Proponent Agency/Office

Duration Project Cost / Funding Source

Agriculture/Agrarian Sector

Agriculture Information Network (Agrinet)

This project will put together all agricultural-related information generated by government and non-government organizations on production, post-production and marketing activities of farmers and fishermen. This will likewise involve the setting up a wide area network that will interconnect the regional field units (RFUs), bureaus, attached agencies and Research Outreach Stations (ROS) of the department.

Department of Agriculture (DA)

4-5 years PhP1.520M

(PhP800M 1st year; PhP720M succeeding years)

Computerization of the Land Titling System

This involves computerization of the processing and issuance of land titles to improve the land management record system in the country

Land Registration Authority (LRA)

13 years PhP3B

Communication Sector

National Telephone Program (NTP) Tranche I-2, ROT Stage II

Establishment of 13,728 digital telephone lines covering fourteen (14) municipalities in Regions VI, VII & VIII.

DOTC/CPMO-NTP 1-2

FRF 144,674,252

National Telephone Program (NTP) Tranche 1-3

Establishment of 32,800 digital telephone lines to 31 cities/municipalities in regions IX, X, XI & XII including high density 140 Mb/s backbone network.

DOTC-CPMO US$43M

National Telephone Program (NTP), 1-3 Phase 4

Project involves the provision of a total of 45,000 telephone lines to 80 localities surrounding the NTP tranche 1-3 backbone in Mindanao areas and the establishment of a digital transmission network, thereby extending to underserved areas.

DOTC US$123.00M

34 National Information Technology Council, Government Information Systems Plan, Annex A-1.

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Regional Telecommunications Development Project (RTDP) Phase C

Establishment and expansion of 6,200 digital telephone lines to 30 localities in regions I&II including establishment of backbone network to loop the RTDP communication network in CAR, Region I & II.

DOTC-CPMO Y 3,803.00

Telecoms Component of Accelerating Growth, Investment and Liberalization with Equity (AGILE) Project

AGILE is an action-oriented activity to support economic policy liberalization and enhance competition in the Philippines. It will restructure and consolidate the USAID/Manila approach to improve the Philippine economic policy environment.

DOTC/NTC 1998-present US$1.0M of US$27.0M

Data Communications Engineering

Individual Expert Dispatch DOTC-TTI August 1997- March 2000

Advanced Telecommunications Outside Plant Technology – Fiber Optics

Improved Technical and Technological Education/Training for 16 people.

DOTC-TTI 1998-2002

DOST Bicutan Fiber Optic Backbone project

This project is an FDDI/Switched Ethernet backbone. This backbone is a 100Mbps Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) network, a high performance fiber optic timed token ring LAN running at 100Mbps over distances up to 200Kms with up to 1000 stations connected, that connects a ring of thirteen Switched Ethernet hubs operating at 10Mbps.

This electronic backbone is expected to improve communications within the DOST Bicutan campus, provide faster access to S & T information and support interactive applications such as video-conferencing. The network will provide dedicated high-speed and highly reliable connections among agencies in Bicutan.

Department of Science and Technology (DOST)

2 years P8,625,400

DOST Fund

Strengthening Information Networking in Catanduanes- a GISTNET Pilot Project, Phase II: Setting-up a Fiber Optic System Loop in the Mun. of Virac

DOST-PCASTRD thru Catanduanes State College

Nov. 1998-present

PhP9.9M

Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Dev’t. Through Multi-Purpose Telecenters in Selected Barangays

The project aims to develop and pilot-test an information and communications system in rural communities.

DOST-CARAGA PhP14.0M

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Computer Assistance to Selected Schools in CARAGA

The project aims to develop and pilot-test an information and communications system in rural communities.

DOST-CARAGA PhP1.0M

Establishment of an Internet Service Provider in the Province of Nueva Vizcaya

The project aims to provide connectivity services to the provice

DOST II 1997-present PhP0.65M

Science and Technology Information Network and Technical Services (STINTS)

The project has established a PSTC-based rural telecom backbone for sectors that do not have Internet access with Y2K awareness and information technology appreciation activities on the first phase.

DOST XI PhP3.0M

Education Sector

Upgrading the IT infrastructure of the Science Education Network for Year 2000 and beyond

The project aims to upgrade the IT facilities of SEI for Y2K compliance as provided for by the law.

DOST-SEI 1999-present PhP1.17M

Strengthening of SEI Electronic Linkages through the Establishment of an Institutional Internet Backbone

The project aims to strengthen and improve the connectivity of SEI to the different network institutions and to the Internet.


Establishing a Philippine Database in Science Education

The project aims to collect and systematize data on science education through electronic networking of data such as thesis, dissertations, publications and other research materials. It will put up and develop structures that would allow said information or data to be stored as databases and accessed by different users. A basic feature is to establish linkages among concerned institutions via computers.


Development of Database for S&T Manpower and Science Culture and Strengthening Institutional Capabilities

The project aims to develop databases that will update students, teachers, researchers, policy decision-makers, and other interested individuals on current and future development in S&T education. Several data from the different SEI divisions were identified and will be encoded into the databases to be developed which will be transferred eventually to the SEI website.

DOST-SEI Started 1999 PhP0.16M

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Mobile Information Technology Classroom

The project aims to develop an information culture and a technology-literate public preparatory to modernization. It promotes information technology awareness through hands-on computer activities. The MITC is an airconditioned bus equipped with the latest in education technology facilities and interactive instructional/learning materials in science/mathematics. Teacher facilitators were trained to man the MITC.

DOST-CARAGA PhP5.92M

Establishment of a Computer Center at Isabela State University

The project’s aim is to put up a computer center in the northern part of Isabela with the objective of increasing/improving computer literacy of elementary and secondary public school teachers. Modems are provided, thus, the center also serves as an Internet workstation.


Establishment of a Computer Center at Nueva Vizcaya General Comprehensive High School

The project’s aim is to put up a computer center in Nueva Vizcaya with the objective of increasing/improving computer literacy of elementary and secondary public school teachers. Modems are provided, thus, the center also serves as an Internet workstation.


DOST-CIT Basic Multimedia Training and Development Center

The project aims to provide a venue to train IT professionals in multimedia production techniques in order to develop a pool of multimedia experts that will lure foreign investors in the IT to invest in the Philippines. The center will also provide a venue for the development of local multimedia products.

DOST VII & CIT 1995-present PhP10.0M

DOST-CIT Computer Software Training and Development Center

The training center serves as a venue to promote the development of the IT industry in the region and to enhance the skills of IT graduates and professionals in software development.

DOST VII & CIT 1994-present PhP2.5M

Upgrading Communication and Information Technology for Education and Sustainable Agro-Industrial Development

To enhance the existing capability of the UPLB in communication and information technology in its vision of making significant contributions to education and sustainable, agro-industrial development in the Philippines and surrounding region. This entails upgrading of communication and information technology hardware. A minor component of the requested grant aid will be building renovation to accommodate staff and facilities to be displaced by the addition of new equipment.

UPLB PhP281.2 M (foreign cost)

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Finance Sector

Budget Execution and Accountability Tracking (BEAT) System

Strengthen DBM’s expenditure management capability; streamline budget release procedures and improve front-line service; improve budget administration and accountability; and update budget analysis and decision making.

DBM 5 years PhP400M

Government Purchases Information System (GPIS)

Is a computer based price monitoring system principally intended to facilitate government procurement and discourage overpricing. GPIS basic concept is built on the thesis that procurement is at the same time an economic activity and an administrative process.

Commission on Audit (COA)

Started 1997 (for expansion)

Physical Assets Management and Information System (PAMIS)

Formulate Physical Assets Standards and Guidelines; install Physical Assets Administration System; provide a computerized Agency Physical Assets Monitoring System; and develop and install Agency Module on: Inventory Management, Maintenance Management and Executive Information System.

DBM 1 ½ year

GSIS Computerization Project

Phase I (1996) project aims to establish a wide area network (WAN) connecting GSIS’s 27 branches nationwide and to develop and implement the Membership Services and Information System.

Government Service Insurance System (GSIS)

4 years

(1999-2002)

Business Recovery Center

Multi-million project aims to “ensure nationwide availability of SSS’ Information Systems should the Main Data Center and/or any of its regional branch hub data centers become inoperative” due to disasters.

Social Security System (SSS)

5 years

(1997-2002)

PhP179.2M

(Cost for succeeding years is subject to changes)

Governance Sector

Advisory Network for the Government Executive and Legislature (ANGEL)

To establish electronic linkages among the executive and legislative offices involved in Legislative-Executive Development Advisory Council (LEDAC).

NEDA/OP PhP8M

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NEDA Information Network Project (NINP)

To improve development planning, investment programming and project monitoring activities in support of the Medium Term Philippine Development Plan (MTPDP) and to a large extent, IT21 through the use of IT resources.

The project is divided into three (3) major components: 1) Development and Institutionalization of Mission-Critical Information Systems; 2) Establishment of IT Resources (hardware and software) Infrastructure; and 3) IT Manpower Capability Building.

NEDA PhP63.6M

Government Information Systems Plan (GISP) Project

To formulate an Integrated Government Information Systems Strategic Plan for the medium-term which will be called the GISP. The GISP will set the vision and framework for computerization efforts in government over the next 5-6 years. It aims to provide for seamless and more efficient electronic governance, consistent with the goals and objectives of Angat Pinoy 2004 and the National Information Technology Plan for the 21st Century (IT21).

NEDA PhP3.4M

DOST Fund

Data and Information Resource Program in Support of Policy Research and Decision Making

The project seeks to create a user-friendly economic database system (EDS) to store and maintain databases from various sources. It is intended to facilitate networking among government and private sector institutions through Data and Information Resource Program (DIRP). With the project, it is envisioned that policymakers and researchers will enjoy easier access to international databases as well as the regular Philippine data series.

PIDS 3 years 1998-present

PhP7.7M

Labor Sector

DOLE Computerization Project

Involves the establishment of a wide area network that will link all DOLE offices and the creation of several modules that will run on the network. Also included is the development of a Labor Market Information System (LMIS).

Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)

3 years

(1997-2000)

PhP100M

Military Sector

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PRC Marine Officers Licensing and Certification System and Networking Project

The project aims to accomplish: 1) Online Transaction Processing and faster service completion time; and 2) Better and Improved Quality of Products and Services.

The project intends to benefit not only the marine professionals but also the other professional groups under the supervision and jurisdiction of the Commission. The networking system that will be establish shall ensure a smooth and efficient communication between and among the systems currently existing and being maintained by the Commission.

PRC PhP15.8M

Science and Technology Sector

Strengthening/ Upgrading of FNRI Library Information Database

The project aims to develop a specialized library to meet the research information needs of policy-makers, researchers and other nutrition workers; to promote and coordinate the development of the libraries in the field through trainings/seminars and conferences; encourage the exchange of food and nutrition information within the country, and to maintain links with national and international organizations engaged in food and nutrition services.

DOST-FNRI 1998-present PhP2.54M

Upgrading of FNRI IT Facilities

The objectives of the project are: To improve and standardize the computerization in the Institute including both hardware and software; to adopt and make use of the new trends in software and hardware technology ; to support DOST’s and the government’s program of using IT to improve government processes; and to expand the institutes network and improve connection to the internet to prepare the Institute to e-commerce.

DOST-FNRI 1998-present PhP2.10M

Software on Energy Equivalent

The project aims to develop a user-friendly computer software which shows the estimated amount of energy to burn off calories from some food items in excess of requirement and to serve as a guide to implement control of maintenance program.

DOST-FNRI Started 1999 PhP0.22M

Technology Delivery Information and Referral System

The project aims to develop a database on technology transfer activities of the institute and other related information. Activities included are: technology piloting and commercialization, technical assistance/consultation and advisory services, trainings conducted, socio-economics, and technology assessment.

DOST-FPRDI Started 1994 PhP0.50M

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FPRDI Publication Abstract Information System

This project involves development of a database on abstract of journals, manuals, books, articles and related literature published by FPRDI.


Market Information Generation for FPRDI

This is a database on market information for FPRDI technologies.


Philippine Trees Information System

This is a database management system on the properties and characteristics of Philippine trees which have been studied in the institute. These properties include: anatomical, physical, chemical and mechanical properties.


Bamboo Information System

This is a database management system on the anatomical, physical, chemical, and mechanical properties and characteristics of bamboo which have been studied in the institute.


Rattan Information System

This is a database management system on the anatomical, physical, chemical, and mechanical properties and characteristics of rattan which have been studied in the institute.

DOST-FPRDI 1998-present PhP0.05M

Metalworking Industry Information Database

The project involves gathering of detailed information on the metalworking industry, specifically the general profile of the firms which include plant capacity, product lines, number of workers, equipment and machinery’s capacity and precision and types of metal working processes employed.

DOST-MIRDC 1999-2004 PhP0.52M

Supplemental Support to the Strengthening of IT Capabilities in Catanduanes

The project aims to develop manpower capabilities in networking and to catalyze R&D activities in the area. It also aims to improve access to information by residents, thereby expanding their opportunities for accelerating economic and social growth.

DOST-PCASTRD thru Catanduanes State College

PhP4.5M

Algebraic Algorithms for Certain CAD/CAM Problems

The project focuses on designing new efficient and infallible algebraic methods for certain problems in CAD/CAM, particularly those related to rational parametric surfaces.

DOST-PCASTRD thru UPD-CS

PhP0.20M

Mango Information Network (MIN)

MIN is a world wide web-based information service, as well as an interactive system geared to expedite the formation of strategic business alliances among small and medium scale (SMEs) and other stakeholders. Six services were made available and accessible through the MIN website.

DOST-PCASTRD Started in 1996 PhP19.8M

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Development of Specialty Database and Internet Resources on Medicinal Plants

The project involves the creation of the e-Health component site on medicinal plants. Information on medicinal plants will be gathered and processed in addition to what is currently available in HERDIN database. The resulting database shall contain information on research , researchers, research organizations, market and business information.

DOST-PCHRD 1998-present Php0.50M

Development of Specialty Database , CD-ROM, and Internet Resources on Malaria

The project aims to develop a one-stop shop information resource on malaria. At present, full-text documents are being scanned into a Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) format. The website that will be developed for this project will contain articles in HTML format and will contain articles, graphics, profiles, statistics, and other relevant information about malaria.

DOST-PCHRD Started in 1996 PhP0.38M

Establishing a National Engineering Information Systems and Services (NEISS) in the Philippines

The project aims to harness I.T. in advancing and promoting the level of learning, awareness and productivity of engineers, students, faculty, researchers, and others involved in research and development.

Extending support to the nineteen (19) engineering network schools throughout the country, the project provides access to Engineering Information through the World Wide Web.

DOST-PCIERD Started in 1999 PhP6.93M

Support Operations: Information Services

The project provides for the development of effective information systems for efficient delivery of relevant and timely information that will assist the textiles and garment industries to be on top of new textiles advances and development. Through the systematic collection, organization, storage and retrieval of textiles and textiles related information materials for the development and improvement of the PTRI Technical Library Service, it will assist the researcher in the conduct of their research activities.

DOST-PTRI 1998-present PhP1.92M

Textile Information Management and Awareness Service

The dissemination of up-to-date information on the textile processes, raw materials, products technology, and developments and fashion trends will continuously help the textile and garment manufacturers in improving the quality of their production.

DOST-PTRI 1999-present PhP2.19M

Information Packaging

The project involves the production of regular STII publication, The Philippine Journal of Science in electronic version.

DOST-STII (under agency budget)

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Establishment of Philippine Database in Science Education (ECOTECH LINK)

ECOTECH LINK is a meta-database or organized and exhaustive pointer database that includes brief descriptions of different organizations carrying technology and economic information and links to other groups carrying related information.


S&T Info Web The S&T Info Web is a virtual system which connects the institute to the entire DOST system and to the rest of the world. Created in 1997 and made available on-line in 1998, the S&T Info Web is home to ten databases, six publications and eight home pages. As of July 1999, the S&T Web has been accessed 206,166 times by various internet searchers and surfers.


Establishment of Cagayan Valley Information Network

This project is conceived to provide the public relevant and updated information about Region II

DOST II Started 1999 PhP0.10M

Operation of the Regional Metals and Engineering Service Centers

The project aims to establish a center for the production of highly precisioned metal products using CNC technologies.

DOST VII 1998-2004 PhP12.0M

Establishment of Cebu Design Engineering Center

The project aims to provide a center for the development of machine design engineers and product design capabilities using CAD/CAM/CAE technologies.

DOST VII 1999-2004 PhP2.0M

Data Acquisition Training and Development Center CITE, San Jose, Talamban, Cebu

The project aims to provide a center which will develop local capabilities in automated manufacturing for enhancing product quality and productivity of SMEs in Central Visayas

DOST VII 1996-present PhP1.25M

Tourism Sector

DFA Machine Readable Passports and Visas (MRP/V) Project

The project aims to streamline and modernize the issuance process, introduce security features in passports and visas and ensure compliance with the international standards on travel documents.

The system will also create a database where all applicant information will be stored for easy access, and feature an interface that will allow the department to streamline verification procedures with other government agencies.

Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA)

10 years P2 Billion

Under BOT scheme

Trade Sector

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Philippine Trade and Investment Network System (PhilTINS)

A locally funded project, PhilTINS is a computerized “one-stop system” linked to DTI’s regional and overseas offices and trade associations for the storage and retrieval of timely information on trade and investment. This central facility will lessen the man-hours needed for research and make DTI services more accessible to the public, boosting eventually exports and investment.

Department of Trade and Industry (DTI/BETP)

1999-Preparatory 2000-System Development

PhP18.9M

Transportation Sector

LTO Information Technology (Build-Own-Operate) Project

The project is in line with the IT21 which calls for intensive diffusion and use of IT in government operations. The project involves the development, operation and maintenance of an integrated IT system by way of the BOO scheme over a concession period of 10 years in accordance with R.A. 7718, the Amended BOT Law.

The project will interconnect LTO's more than 200 offices nationwide, enable on-line transaction processing and integrate critical processes.

LTO/DOTC 10 years US$49.7B

information technology for good governance

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