information technology in information agencies (imd257 / imd204)

FACULTY OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENTMARA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

DIPLOMA OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT(IM110)

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INFORMATION AGENCIES(IMD257 / IMD204)

ASSIGNMENT 1:INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT

Prepared By:MUHAMMAD NOORAMIN BIN MOHD HASSAN

(2010657136)

PREPARED FOR:NOR ERLISSA ABD AZIZ

17 February 2013

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1) DEFINE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND THE PURPOSE 3

AND FUNCTION OF IT

PURPOSE AND FUNCTION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 4

2) EXPLAIN THE FIVE (5) TYPES OF INFORMATION AGENCIES 5

3) TYPES OF IT USED IN INFORMATION AGENCIES 8

BIBLIOGRAPHY 12

2 | M u h a m m a d N o o r a m i n | 2 0 1 0 6 5 7 1 3 6 | I M D 2 5 7

1) DEFINE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND THE PURPOSE AND FUNCTION OF IT

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYInformation technology (IT) may be defines as the technology which is used to

acquire, store, organize and process data to a form which can be used in

specified application, and disseminate the process data. Information is processed

data, based on which decisions can be taken and appropriate actions initiated.

Information is also processed data which improves our knowledge, enabling us to

do out work better.

Example:Let us take a very simple example. A home maker who buys vegetables,

provisions, milk, etc., everyday would write in a diary the money spent on each of

these. At the end of each day she adds up the data on money spent on these

items. The total obtained is the information which she uses to adjust the

expenses and spend within her budget.

As per diagram below:


Write in a diary Add expenses each day

Total daily expense to budget

Expenses

Data Stored dataProcessing

Information

PURPOSE AND FUNCTION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Provide fast and accurate processing

Provide large capacity, fast access storage

Provide fast communication

Reduce information overload

Larger span of boundaries

Provides support for decision making

Proved a competitive weapon


2) EXPLAIN THE FIVE (5) TYPES OF INFORMATION AGENCIES

LIBRARIESTraditionally, collection of books used for reading or study, or the building or

room in which such a collection is kept. The word derives from the Latin liber,

“book,” whereas a Latinized Greek word, bibliotheca, is the origin of the word for

library in German, Russian, and the Romance languages.

The history of libraries evolved side by side with the history of the written record.

The oral tradition which involved with the memorization of history, legends and

folklore were preserved and transmitted to other generations was the earliest

forms of distributing information, and then the era of communication began as

humans developed the way of keeping information by writing on the walls, trees,

stones and other forms of medium.

Types Of Library:

-National Libraries

-Academic Libraries

-School Libraries

-Public Libraries

-Special Libraries

Example:

PTAR

Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia (PNM)

VIRTUAL LIBRARIES


“A digital or electronic library gives users online access not only to its online

public catalogue for printed materials but also to a variety of other electronic

resources located both within and outside of the library”.

For example documents available on the Internet or on CD ROM disks.

The digital content may be locally held or accessed remotely via computer

networks

MUSEUMA museum is an institution that cares for (conserves) a collection of artifacts and

other objects of scientific, artistic, cultural, or historical importance and makes

them available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or

temporary. Most large museums are located in major cities throughout the world

and more local ones exist in smaller cities, towns and even the countryside. The

continuing acceleration in the digitization of information, combined with the

increasing capacity of digital information storage, is causing the traditional model

of museums (i.e. as static “collections of collections” of three-dimensional

specimens and artifacts) to expand to include virtual exhibits and high-resolution

images of their collections for perusal, study, and exploration from any place with

Internet.

Example:

Muzium Negara Malaysia

ARCHIVEAn archive refers to a collection of records,and also refers to the location in which

hese records are kept.

Archives are made up of records which have been created during the course of

an individual or organization's life.


In general an archive consists of records which have been selected for

permanent or long-term preservation.

Example : Arkib Negara Malaysia

RECORD CENTREA low cost centralized area for housing and servicing inactive records whose

reference rate does not warrant their retention in prime office space.

An area in building that is utilized for organized storage of inactive records

retained for administrative or operating purposes, usually for a limited period of

time.(Robek, 2002)

It can be recorded in various forms either printed or non-printed materials.


3) TYPES OF IT USED IN INFORMATION AGENCIES (List and explain 5 types)

OCLCOnline Computer Library Center, Inc. (OCLC) is "a nonprofit, membership,

computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public

purposes of furthering access to the world’s information and reducing information

costs".Founded in 1967 as the Ohio College Library Center, OCLC and its

member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat, the largest

online public access catalog (OPAC) in the world.

OCLC provides bibliographic, abstract and full-text information to anyone.

OCLC and its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat—

the OCLC Online Union Catalog, the largest online public access catalog (OPAC)

in the world. WorldCat has holding records from public and private libraries

worldwide. The Open WorldCat program makes records of library-owned

materials in OCLC's WorldCat database available to Web users on popular

Internet search, bibliographic, and bookselling sites. In October 2005, the OCLC

technical staff began a wiki project allowing readers to add commentary and

structured-field information associated with any WorldCat record.

Until August 2009, when it was sold to Backstage Library Works, OCLC owned a

preservation microfilm and digitization operation called the OCLC Preservation

Service Center, with its principal office in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, U.S.

EVERGREENEvergreen is an open source Integrated Library System (ILS), initially developed

by the Georgia Public Library Service for Public Information Network for


Electronic Services (PINES), a statewide resource-sharing consortium with over

270 member libraries.

Beyond PINES, the Evergreen ILS is deployed worldwide in hundreds of

libraries, and is used to power a number of statewide consortial catalogs.

In 2007, the original Evergreen development team formed a commercial

company around the software, Equinox Software, which provides custom

support, development, migration, training, and consultation for Evergreen.

Development priorities for Evergreen are that it be stable, robust, flexible, secure,

and user-friendly.

Evergreen's features include:

Circulation: for staff to check items in and out to patrons

Cataloging: to add items to the library’s collection and input information,

classifying and indexing those items.

Online public access catalog (OPAC): a public catalog, or discovery

interface, for patrons to find and request books, view their account

information, and save book information in Evergreen "bookbags." The

OPAC received a makeover in early 2009 with the new, optional skin,

Craftsman.

Acquisitions: for staff to keep track of those materials purchased; invoices,

purchase orders, selection lists, etc.

Statistical Reporting: flexible, powerful reporting for retrieval of any

statistical information stored in the database.

SIP 2.0 support: for interaction with computer management software, self-

check machines, and other applications.

Search/Retrieve via URL and Z39.50 servers


Evergreen also features the Open Scalable Request Framework (OpenSRF,

pronounced 'open surf'), a stateful, decentralized service architecture that allows

developers to create applications for Evergreen with a minimum of knowledge of

its structure.

Z39.50Z39.50 is a client–server protocol for searching and retrieving information from

remote computer databases. It is covered by ANSI/NISO standard Z39.50, and

ISO standard 23950. The standard's maintenance agency is the Library of

Congress.

Z39.50 is widely used in library environments and is often incorporated into

integrated library systems and personal bibliographic reference software.

Interlibrary catalogue searches for interlibrary loan are often implemented with

Z39.50 queries.

Work on the Z39.50 protocol began in the 1970s, and led to successive versions

in 1988, 1992, 1995 and 2003. The Contextual Query Language (formerly called

the Common Query Language)[1] is based on Z39.50 semantics.

DUBLIN COREThe Dublin Core metadata terms are a set of vocabulary terms which can be

used to describe resources for the purposes of discovery. The terms can be used

to describe a full range of web resources: video, images, web pages etc. and

physical resources such as books and objects like artworks. The full set of Dublin

Core metadata terms can be found on the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI)

website. The original set of 15 classic metadata terms, known as the Dublin

Core Metadata Element Set are endorsed in the following standards documents:

IETF RFC 5013

ISO Standard 15836-2009


NISO Standard Z39.85

Dublin Core Metadata can be used for multiple purposes, from simple resource

description, to combining metadata vocabularies of different metadata standards,

to providing interoperability for metadata vocabularies in the Linked data cloud

and Semantic web implementations.

MARC StandardsMARC (MAchine-Readable Cataloging) standards are digital formats for the

description of bibliographic items developed by the US Library of Congress

during the 1960s to facilitate the creation and dissemination of cataloging

between libraries.

By 1971, MARC formats had become the national standard for dissemination of

bibliographic data and the international standard by 1973. There are several

versions of MARC in use around the world, the most predominant being MARC

21, created in 1999 as a result of the harmonization of U.S. and Canadian MARC

formats, and UNIMARC, widely used in Europe. The MARC 21 family of

standards now includes formats for authority records, holdings records,

classification schedules, and community information, in addition to the format for

bibliographic records.


BIBLIOGRAPHY

Doyle, S. (2000). Understanding Information Technology. London:Nelson

Thornes

Rajamaran, V. (2004). Introduction To Information Technology. Delhi:PHI

Learning

Plenert, G.J. (2011). Lean Management Principles for Information Technology.

London:CRC Press

Museum. (2013, February 03). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved

04:30, February 10, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?

title=Museum&oldid=538244837

Z39.50. (2013, January 1). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved

07:55, February 10, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?

title=Z39.50&oldid=530787294

Frederic P. Miller. (2010) Marc Standards. Alphascript Publishing.

American National Standards Institute. (2001) The Dublin Core Metadata

Element Set: an American national standard. Michigan:NISO Press


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