information visualization using 3d interactive animation meng tang 05/17/2001 george g. robertson,...
TRANSCRIPT
Information Visualization Using 3D Interactive
Animation
Meng Tang
05/17/2001
George G. Robertson, Stuart K. Card,
and Jock D. Mackinlay
MotivationsMotivations
GoalLower the cost of finding information and accessing it
StrategiesMaking the user’s immediate workspace largerEnabling user interaction with multiple agentsIncreasing the real-time interactionUsing visual abstraction to speed information
assimilation and retrieval.
Technology AdvancesTechnology Advances
3D graphics hardware 3D transformations, hidden-surface removal, double-
buffered animation, antialiasing, lighting and surface models.
3D graphics librariesOpenGL, PEX
Information VisualizerInformation Visualizer
Information Access vs. Document Retrieval
Information Access vs. Document Retrieval
Document retrievalInterest --> documentsRecall & Precision
Document retrieval is part of information useInformation is used to produce more informationNew information is usually at a higher level of
organization relative to some purpose
Information WorkspacesInformation Workspaces
A virtual environment for finding information and accessing it.
Not just with the retrieval of information from a distant source, but also with the accessing of that information once it is retrieved and in use
Rooms SystemExtend the desktop to multiple workspaces.User can switch among multiple workspaces.
Information WorkspacesInformation Workspaces
Information WorkspacesInformation WorkspacesImproving rooms system
Objective: Decrease the costs for performing information-intensive tasks, or,
alternatively, to increase the scope of information that can be utilized for the same cost.
Method:Large Workspaces -- Make the immediate workspace virtually largerAgents – Delegate part of the workload to semiautonomous agentsReal-Time Interaction – Maximize the interaction ratesVisual abstractions – Speed assimilation and pattern detection
Information WorkspacesInformation WorkspacesSystem Goal TechniquesLarge workspace to reduce access cost
More screen space -> RoomsDenser screen space -> Animation, 3D
Offload work to agents Search -> search agentsOrganizing -> clustering agentsInteracting -> Interactive Objects
Maximize real-time interaction rates
Rapid interaction, Tune to human constants -> Cognitive Coprocessor schedule and Governor
Visual abstraction to speed pattern detection
Information Visualizations:Hierarchical structure -> Cone TreeLinear structure -> Perspective WallContinuous data -> Data SculptureSpatial data -> Office Floor Plan
UI ArchitectureUI ArchitectureSeveral Problems
Multiple Agent Problem: How can system manage the interaction of multiple asynchronous agents.
Animation Problem: How can system provide smooth interactive animation
Interaction Problem: How can 3D widgets be designed and coupled to appropriate application behavior.
Viewpoint Movement Problem: How can the user changed the point of view rapidly and simply
Object Movement Problem: How can objects be easily moved about in a 3D space
Small Screen Space Problem: How can the dynamic properties of the system be utilized to provide the user with an adequately large work space.
UI ArchitectureUI ArchitectureProblem Problem Solution
Multiple Agent Problem Cognitive coprocessor scheduler
Animation Problem Cognitive coprocessor scheduler and Governor
Interaction Problem Interactive objects
Viewpoint Movement Problem Point of interest logarithmic flier
Object Movement Problem Object of Interest logarithmic manipulator
Small Screen Problem 3D/Rooms and 3D visualization
Cognitive CoprocessorCognitive Coprocessor
What is Cognitive CoprocessorAn animation loop and a scheduler for agentsAn impedance matcher between the cognitive and perceptual
information processing requirements of the user and the properties of these agents
3 sorts of time constantsPerceptual processing time constant (0.1sec)Immediate response time constant (1sec)Unit task time constant (5~30sec)
Cognitive CoprocessorCognitive Coprocessor
Perceptual processing time constantGovernor: reduce the quality to keep the frame rate.
Immediate response time constantAgents provide status feedback at intervals no longer than this
time constantImmediate response animation
Unit task time constantTime to complete a taskUser can start the next request as soon as sufficient information
has developed from the last request or even in parallel with it
Cognitive CoprocessorCognitive Coprocessor
Interactive ObjectsInteractive Objects
Interactive objectsBasic building block in the Information VisualizerGeneralization of Rooms Buttons2D/3D appearanceAllow mouse-based input (press, rubout, check, flick)
3D Navigation and Manipulation
3D Navigation and Manipulation
Overview Doors Walking metaphorPoint of interest logarithmic flightObject of interest logarithmic manipulation
Information VisualizationInformation VisualizationGoal:
Attempts to display structural relationships and context that would be more difficult to detect by individual retrieval requests.
5 sorts of data organizationsHierarchical: Cone TreeLinear: Perspective WallSpatial: Structural browserContinuous Data: Data sculptureUnstructured: Information grid
Cone TreeCone Tree
Cone TreeCone Tree
Properties of Cone TreeEach layer has cones of the same heightCone base diameters for each level are reduced in a
progression so that the bottom layer fits in the width of the room.
Body of each cone is shaded transparentlyText is shown only for the selected path
Manipulation of Cone TreeSelect nodes
Cone TreeCone Tree
Advantagesthe use of interactive animation to move some of the cognitive
load to the human perceptual systemUsing the depth to fill the screen with more informationAspect ratio of cone tree is fixedFisheye view (brighter, closer, larger)
DisadvantagesComplex user interactions to access some of the informationfixing the aspect ratio limits the number of levels of the cone
tree
Cone TreeCone Tree
Perspective WallPerspective Wall
Obstacles to a visualization of linear information structuresThe large amount of information that must be displayedThe difficulty of accommodating the extreme aspect ratio of the
linear structure on the screen.Disadvantages of Overview-Working View structure
Important contextual information, such as the neighborhood of the viewing region is just as small as unimportant details
Increase the space of overview leads to reduce the space of working view
Perspective WallPerspective Wall
AdvantagesIntegrate detailed and contextual views Smooth transitions of viewsRetain any 2D task-specific featuresNo special large- and small-scale versions of items
must be designedRatio of detail an context is adjustable
Tracing Data Paths in 3D Graphics
Tracing Data Paths in 3D Graphics
Tracing Data Paths in 3D Graphics
Number of errors in detecting paths in tree structures is substantially reduced if a 3D display method is used.
A tree structure is not necessarily a good candidate for 3D visualization