infrare d transmission spectra of carbonate minerals
TRANSCRIPT
Infrare d Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Minerals
THE NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
Infrare d Transmission Spectra of
Carbonate Minerals
G. C. Jones Department of Mineralogy
The Natural History Museum London, UK
and
B. Jackson Department of Geology
Royal Museum of Scotland Edinburgh, UK
A collaborative project of The Natural History Museum
and National Museums of Scotland
E3 SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
Firs t ed i t io n 1 9 9 3
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Chapman & Hall in 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1993
T y p e s e t at th e Natura l H is to r y M u s e u m
ISBN 978-94-010-4940-5 ISBN 978-94-011-2120-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-2120-0
A p a r t f r o m a n y fai r dea l in g fo r th e p u r p o s e s o f r esea rc h o r pr ivat e s t u d y , o r c r i t i c i s m o r rev iew , as permi t te d unde r th e U K Copy r i gh t D e s i g n s an d Pa ten t s A c t , 1 9 8 8 , th i s pub l i ca t io n m a y no t b e r e p r o d u c e d , s t o r e d , o r t r ansmi t t ed , i n a n y f o r m o r b y an y m e a n s , w i thou t th e prio r p e r m i s s i o n in wr i t in g o f th e pub l i she rs , o r in th e c a s e o f rep rograph i c rep roduc t i o n on l y in a c c o r d a n c e wi t h th e te rm s o f th e l i c e n c e s i s s u e d b y th e C o p y r i g h t L i c e n s i n g A g e n c y in th e U K , o r i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h th e t e rm s o f l i c e n c e s i s s u e d b y th e appropr ia t e R e p r o d u c t i o n R igh t s Organ iza t io n ou ts id e th e U K . Enqui r ie s c o n c e r n i n g rep roduc t i o n ou ts id e th e t e rm s s ta te d her e s h o u l d b e sen t t o th e pub l i she r s at th e L o n d o n a d d r e s s pr in te d o n thi s p a g e .
T h e pub l i she r m a k e s n o rep resen ta t i on , e x p r e s s o r imp l ied , wi t h regar d t o th e a c c u r a c y o f th e in fo rmat io n con ta ine d in thi s b o o k an d c a n n o t a c c e p t a n y lega l respons ib i l i t y o r l iabil it y fo r a n y error s o r o m i s s i o n s tha t m a y b e m a d e .
A ca ta l ogu e recor d fo r th i s b o o k i s avai lab l e f r o m th e Bri t is h L ibrar y L ibrar y o f C o n g r e s s Ca ta log ing - in -Pub l i ca t i o n Da t a avai labl e
(oö) Printed on acid-free text paper, manufactured in accordance with ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992(Permanence of Paper)
Contents
Foreword Introduction A guide to the book
The mineral specimens Instrumentation and sample preparation The spectra The text pages General references
Index of spectra by mineral name Index of spectra by chemical class The spectra
vii viii
IX
ix ix ix x
xi xii xiii
1
Foreword
The selected spectra presented in this volume are a testimony to the diversity of mineral carbonates. Their compositional variety embraces many of the chemical elements and is increased by the frequent presence of solid solution between members. They occur in all the broad categories of rock types: igneous, metamorphic, metasomatic and sedimentary; and they are often associated with important ores and rare element deposits. Carbonates are not only of significance in the geological domain, but also in industry and materials science. Accurate identification of the compounds is, therefore, vital for a proper understanding of any carbonate bearing system.
The development of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry has been for some years at the stage where the acquisition of spectra is relatively simple, rapid and with good resolution. For identifica-tion, the method is inexpensive and can provide additional information on the nature of the chemical bonding. It is particularly suited to carbonates because of its ability to discriminate clearly between the different members.
It is obvious that to be able to produce a large set of definitive spectra, a source of well-characterized minerals is required, but the location of such a source is not necessarily so obvious. Our two museums - The Natural History Museum in London and the National Museums of Scotland in Edinburgh - have joined forces to provide such a source, using their renowned mineral collections and authenticating each mineral by modern advanced methods of analysis and identifica-tion.
This volume is the product of several years' work of high quality. We believe that it gives for today the most readily available compilation of reliable IR spectra as an invaluable reference tool for many.
Professor Paul Henderson Keeper of Mineralogy
The Natural History Museum, London
and
Dr Ian Rolfe Keeper of Geology
National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh
May, 1993
Introduction
The purpose of this compilation is to make available recently-acquired spectra of as many well-characterized carbonate minerals as possible in order to further the use of infrared spectroscopy in mineralogy.
With the recent increased availability of Fourier transform spectrometers for routine laboratory use, there is great potential for infrared spectroscopy to become more widely used, both for the rapid identification of minerals and for more detailed structural studies. Despite being an estab-lished analytical technique, mineralogical infrared spectroscopy has been handicapped by a lack of high-quality reference spectra. There is currently no infrared equivalent of the JCPDS Mineral Powder Diffraction File and many new mineral descriptions still lack infrared spectra. Several compilations of mineral spectra are available but are far from comprehensive and are of variable reliability. Published mineral spectra are scattered throughout numerous journals and are often poorly reproduced with limited frequency ranges.
The success of any comparative technique depends to a great extent on the availability and quality of reference standards. A spectrum is a virtually unique "fingerprint" of a material and, accurately reproduced, is a much more useful aid to identification than tabulated absorptions alone, from which all subtleties of detail are lost. The more spectra that are published, the more widely used the technique becomes and so the cycle continues.
The authors acknowledge the co-operation and advice of their colleagues, particularly John Francis and Peter Davidson for x-ray diffraction work, and the mineral curators for their tolerance of our frequent requests for material from their best specimens.
A guide to the book
The mineral specimens
The majority of the mineral specimens used in this compilation are from the collections of the Mineralogy Department of The Natural History Museum, London, and the Department of Geology, Royal Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh. Others were acquired from dealers and col-leagues specifically for this work.
The criteria used in selecting specimens were as follows: • purity and homogeneity; • specimens previously used as x-ray powder diffraction standards where possible; • ease of contamination-free, unambiguous sampling; • specimens from type or classic localities.
The rarity of some species has made it necessary to compromise these criteria in a small number of cases. In some cases a relatively common mineral has been omitted from this collection, e.g. natron, thermonatrite, stichtite/barbertonite etc. because, despite sampling many specimens from various localities, no pure or unambiguous material could be separated.
Instrumentation and sample preparation
All spectra were recorded in transmission mode, using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophoto-meter (Philips PU9800) and potassium bromide pressed disks. The instrument was purged with dry, COz-free air and a blank KBr disk was used to generate the background which is automatically subtracted during transformation. 50 scans were acquired using a DTGS detector at a resolution of 2 cm-1 followed by two-pass selective smoothing.
Samples were not weighed, but the quantity used was adjusted to give the strongest peak maximum at approximately 20% T or less, without loss of detail around this peak, subject to the availability of material. Most samples were used without prior drying so as to avoid the risk of thermal alteration. Some powdery or poorly-crystalline minerals have significant amounts of adsorbed water which was reduced by allowing the pressed disk to remain in the dry environment of the sample chamber for several hours. This technique was not used for hydrated minerals, some of which can dehydrate very easily to other phases.
The spectra
All spectra were recorded over the frequency range 4400-225 cm-I, but as none of the minerals studied had absorption peaks in the range 4400-4000 cm-I, the spectra are reproduced here from 4000 to 225 cm-1 to make best use of the available format. The spectra also have their vertical expansion adjusted for the same reason. Where multiple sharp peaks are poorly reproduced in the standard format, an expanded wavenumber plot has been included.
The text pages
Name: The mineral name in bold type corresponds to that in Hey's Mineral Index (Clark (1993».
Formula, crystal system and space group: These data are taken from the reference sources listed at the end of this introduction or from later published work where available.
Mineral group: The "mineral group" is that given by The Mineral Database (1989) but with alternative groupings shown where these draw attention to relationships between spectra.
Chemical class, chemical type: These are taken from Ferraiolo (1982).
Specimen: The BM and RMS numbers correspond to registered museum specimens. The description corresponds to that on the specimen registration slip (where available), modified as necessary to reflect sampling.
Source: This is the locality as recorded on the specimen registration slip, except that some place names have been changed to current usage. Type localities are noted where appropriate.
Spectrum ref. no: This is a unique identifier for the spectrum (there may be more than one spectrum per mineral name).
Sample medium: This will usually be KBr disk but other techniques may be used where demanded by the nature of the sample.
XRD: A number, if given, indicates that the specimen has been examined by x-ray powder diffraction. The suffix (std) indicates the specimen is one that has been used to produce a standard reference diffraction film in The Mineralogy Dept. NHM. Such standards will have been compared with published x-ray data and naturally-occurring, well-characterised mineral specimens. Comparison with the corresponding JCPDS data will also have been made but is not necessarily used as the final criteria for mineral identity.
Composition: The chemical composition of most specimens has been checked where possible, using an analytical scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry facility. Ele-ments with atomic number below that of fluorine are not detectable by this technique, e.g. boron, carbon and oxygen. Fluorine is only detectable when present in major amounts. Ratios quoted are semi-quantitative atomic ratios. Other elements are also listed where present at detectable levels.
Peak Table: All spectral data have been obtained via a "peak-pick" program, followed by manual examina-tion and editing to exclude spurious data and include significant shoulders and other diagnostic features. The tables include some peaks that may not be clearly visible on the spectra as reproduced, due to restrictions of the format, they are however visible on expanded plots. The frequencies of these and other minor features are shown in normal type, the major features in bold, as an aid in relating the peak table to the spectrum. Frequencies in square brackets are due to adsorbed water, and are not necessarily diagnostic. Frequencies followed by a question mark are of uncertain significance. Features in the spectrum approaching the lower frequency limit of 225 cm-1 should be treated with some caution as they may be instrument artifacts due to low energy transmission.
Notes and References: Any information relevant to the specimen and spectrum is given here, also any polymorphism and relationships with other minerals. Mineral names in bold indicate that a spectrum of that species is included in this collection. References given have been selected to include, where possible, those involving infrared investigation, spectra or structural information. Reference may also be made to named compilations as follows:
Moenke Moenke, H. (1962, 1966) Mineralspektren, Parts I and II, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin.
Nyquist and Kagel Nyquist, A. and Kagel, R.O. (1971) Infrared Spectra of Inorganic Com-pounds, Academic Press, New York.
Farmer Farmer, V.C. (Ed.) (1974) The Infrared Spectra of Minerals, Monograph no. 4, Mineralogical Society, London.
Sadtler Ferraro, J.R. (Ed.) (1982) Infrared Spectra Handbook of Minerals and Clays, Sadtler Research Laboratories, Philadelphia.
Suhner Suhner, B. (1986) Infrarot-spektren von Mineralien, Parts 1 and 2.
General references
Infrared Spectra of Minerals and Related Inorganic Compounds Gadsden, J.A. (1975) Butterworth, London.
A systematic classification of nonsilicate minerals Ferraiolo, J.A. (1982) Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 172 (I).
The Mineral Database Aleph Enterprises (1989) Aleph, Livermore, California.
Encyclopedia of Minerals, 2nd Edition Roberts, W.L., Campbell, T.J. and Rapp, G.R. (1990) Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Glossary of Mineral Species Fleischer, M. and Mandarino, J.A. (1991) The Mineralogical Record Inc., Tucson.
Mineral Reference Manual Nickel, E.H. and Nichols, M.C. (1991) Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Hey's Mineral Index, 3rd Edition Clark, A.M. (1993) Chapman & Hall, London.
Index of spectra by mineral name
Alstonite Gaylussite Otavite Alumohydrocalcite Glaukosphaerite Ancylite-( Ce) Paralstonite Andersonite Harkerite Parisite-( Ce) Ankerite Hellyerite Phosgenite Aragonite Huntite Pirssonite Artinite Hydrocerussite Pokrovskite, Aurichalcite Hydromagnesite Pyroaurite Azurite Hydrotalcite
Hydrozincite (2) Rhodochrosite
Barentsite Rosasite
Barstowite Ikaite Roubaultite
Barytocalcite Indigirite Sabinaite Bastnasite-( Ce) Bastnasite-(La) Scarbroite
Kambaldaite Schrockingerite Bayleyite Kamotoite-(Y) Benstonite Sharpite
Beyerite Kimuraite-(Y) Shortite
Bismutite Kolwezite Siderite
Brenkite Kutnohorite Sjogrenite
Brugnatellite Smithsonite
Burbankite Lanthanite-(La) Sphaerocobaltite Leadhillite Stenonite
Calcite Liebigite Strontianite
Callaghanite Lokkaite Strontiodresserite
Canavesite Susannite
Carbocernaite Macphersonite Synchysite-(Y)
Carbonate-cyanotrichite Magnesite Takovite
Cerussite Malachite Coalingite Manasseite (2) Trona
Tunisite Cordylite-( Ce) Manganotychite
Tychite Mcguinnessite Dawsonite Mckelveyite-(Y) Vaterite Defernite Mineevite-(Y) Voglite Desautelsite Monohydrocalcite Dolomite Montroyalite Weloganite Donnayite-(Y) Witherite Dresserite Nahcolite Wyartite Dundasite Nesquehonite Dypingite Norsethite Zaratite
Northupite Zellerite Gaspeite Nyerereite Znucalite
Index of spectra by chemical class
Anhydrous normal carbonates
Alstonite Ankerite Aragonite Barytocalcite Benstonite Beyerite Bismutite Burbankite Calcite Carbocernaite Cerussite Dolomite Gaspeite Huntite Kutnohorite Magnesite Norsethite Nyerereite Otavite Paralstonite Rhodochrosite Sabinaite Shortite Siderite Smithsonite Sphaerocobaltite Strontianite Vaterite Witherite
BaCa(C03)2 Ca(Fe,Mg,Mn)(C03h Ca(C03) BaCa(C03h (Ba,Sr )6( Ca,Mn)6Mg( C03)13 (Ca,Pb)Biz(C03h02 or Ca(Bi02)(C03) Bi2(C03)02 (Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(C03h CaC03 (Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(C03)2 PbC03 CaMg(C03)2 (Ni,Mg,Fe )C03 CaMg3( C03)4 Ca(Mn,Mg,Fe )(C03h MgC03 BaMg(C03)2 Na2Ca(C03h CdC03 BaCa(C03h MnC03 Na4Zr2 Ti04(C03)4 N a2Ca2( C03)3 FeC03 ZnC03 CoC03 SrC03 CaC03
BaC03
Hydrated normal carbonates
Andersonite Bayleyite Donnayite-(Y) Gaylussite Hellyerite
Na2Ca(U02)(C03h·6H20 Mgz(U02)(C03h-18H20 Sr3NaCaY(C03)6·3H20 Na2Ca(C03)2·SH20 NiC03·6H20
Ikaite Kamotoite-(Y) Kimuraite-(Y) Lanthanite-(La) Liebigite Lokkaite Mckelveyite-(Y) Monohydrocalcite Pirssonite Voglite Weloganite Zellerite
CaC03"6HzO YZ0 4(lJOZ)4(C03)3" 14"5HzO CaY z( C03)4 "6HzO (La,Ce )z(C03h-8HzO CaZ(lJOZ)(C03)3" IlHzO CaY 4(C03h"9HzO Ba3Na(Ca,lJ)Y(C03)6"3HzO CaC03"HzO NaZCa(C03)z"2HzO CazCu(lJOz)( C03)4 "6HzO Sr3N azZr( C03)6" 3HzO Ca(lJOz)(C03h"5HzO
Anhydrous carbonates with hydroxyl and/or halogen
Aurichalcite Azurite Barentsite Bastnasite-( Ce) Bastnasite-(La) Brenkite Cordylite-( Ce) Dawsonite Glaukosphaerite Hydrocerussite Hydrozincite (2) Kolwezite Malachite Mcguinnessite Northupite Parisite-( Ce) Phosgenite Rosasite Stenonite Synchisite-(Y) Tunisite
(Zn,Cu)s(C03)z(OH)6 CU3(C03)z(OHh N a7AIHz( C03)4F 4 (Ce,La)(C03)F (La,Ce)(C03)F Caz(C03)Fz Ba( Ce,La h( C03)3FZ NaAI(C03)(OHh (Cu,Nih(C03)(OHh Pb3(C03h(OH)z Zns(C03h(OH)6 (Cu,Coh(C03)(OHh Cuz(C03) (OHh (Mg,Cu)z(C03)(OH)z N a3Mg( C03)zCI Ca(Ce,Lah(C03hFz PbZ(C03)Clz (Cu,Znh(C03)(OHh (Sr,Ba,Na)zAI(C03)Fs Ca(Y,Ce)(C03)zF NaCazAliC03)4(OH)gCI
Hydrated carbonates with hydroxyl and/or halogen
Alumohydrocalcite Ancylite-( Ce) Artinite Barstowite Brugnatellite Callaghanite Coalingite Defernite Desautelsite Dresserite Dundasite Dypingite Hydromagnesite Hydrotalcite
CaAlz(C03)z(OH)4"3HzO SrCe( C03h( OH)" HzO Mgz(C03)(OH)z"3HzO 3PbClz" PbCOz" HzO Mg6Fe(C03)(OH)13"4HzO CuzMgZ(C03) (OH)6"2HzO MglOFez(C03)(OHh4"2HzO Ca3(C03)(OH,CI)4"HzO Mg6Mnz(C03)(OHh6"4HzO BazAI4(C03)4(OH)s"3HzO PbAlz(C03h(OH)4" HzO Mgs( C03)4( OHh" 5HzO Mgs( C03)4( OHh "4HzO Mg6Alz(C03)(OHh6"4HzO
Indigirite Kambaldaite Manasseite (2) Montroyalite Pokrovskite Pyroaurite Roubaultite Scarbroite Sharpite Sjogrenite Strontiodresserite Takovite Wyartite Zaratite Znucalite
Mg2AI 2(C03MOH)z"lSH20 NaNi4(C03)3(OH)3"3H20 Mg6AI2(C03)(OH)16"4H20 Sr4AIs(C03)3[(OH),Fb" 10-11 H20 Mg2(C03)(OH)z"O"SH20 Mg6Fe2(C03)(OHh6"4H20 CU202(lJ02)3(C03)2(OH)2"4H20 AIs(OH)13(C03) "SH20 Ca(lJ02)6(C03)S(OH)4"6H20 Mg6Fe2( C03)( OH)16 "4H20 (Sr,Ca)Alz(C03MOH)4"H20 Ni6AI2[(C03),(OH)](OHh6-4H20 Ca3lJ(lJ02MC03MOH)lS"3-SH20 Ni3(C03)(OH)4"4H20 Zn12Ca(lJ02)(C03h(OHb"4H20
Acid carbonates
Nahcolite Nesquehonite Trona
NaHC03 Mg(HC03)(OH) "2H20 Na3(C03)(HC03)"2H20
Compound carbonates
Canavesite Carbonate-cyanotrichite Harkerite Leadhillite Macphersonite Manganotychite Mineevite-(Y) Schrockingerite Susannite Tychite
Mg2( C03)(HB03)" SH20 CU4AI2(C03,S04)(OH)12"2H20 Ca24MgsAlzSis[O,(OH)h2(B03)s(C03)s(H20,CI) Pb4(S04) (C03MOH)z Pb4(S04)(C03MOH)z Na6(Mn,Fe,MgMC03MS04) Na2SBaY2(C03)11(HC03MS04)zF2CI NaCa3(lJ02)(C03)3(S04)F"lOH20 Pb4(S04)(C03MOH) Na6Mg2(S04)(C03)4
The spectra
II A
LS
TO
NIT
E
II
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Ba
Ca
(C0 3)
2
An
hyd
rou
s no
rma
l ca
rbo
na
te
AB
(X0
3)2
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
BM
417
07 L
arg
e, c
olou
rless
, pri
sma
tic cr
ysta
ls w
ith w
ithe
rite
an
d ca
lcite
. B
row
nley
Hill
min
e, N
enth
ead,
Als
ton,
Cu
mb
ria
, U.K
. (T
ype
loca
lity)
. IR
2666
K
Br
disk
74
51F
(std
) B
a:C
a:S
r = 1
:1:0
·2
No
tes
Trim
orph
ous w
ith b
ary
toca
lcite
and
para
lsto
nite
. T
he s
pect
rum
diffe
rs fr
om t
hat o
f par
alst
onite
only
in
the
700
cm-1
reg
ion
and
is s
imila
r to,
but
di
stin
guis
habl
e fro
m,
that
of b
aryt
ocal
cite
. C
ompa
re sp
ectr
um w
ith t
hose
of o
ther
mem
bers
of a
rag
on
ite
grou
p.
Ref
eren
ces:
Tri
clin
ic,
pseu
do ort
ho
rho
mb
ic
Ara
go
nite
P
I
Pe
ak
Tab
le
cm-7
[341
3]
800
2923
75
2 28
56
725?
24
93
708
2466
70
1 17
66
691
1754
51
8 17
34
464
1.
Kau
shan
sky P
. &
Yar
iv S
. (19
86)
The
inte
ract
ions
betw
een c
alci
te p
artic
les a
nd a
queo
us so
lutio
ns o
f 15
03
302
mag
nesi
um, b
ariu
m o
r zi
nc c
hlor
ides
. 14
58
251
App
lied
Geo
chem
istr
y, 1(
5), p
p.60
7-61
8.
1436
14
13
2.
Sch
eetz
B.E
. &
Whi
te W
.B.
(197
7) V
ibra
tiona
l spe
ctra
of t
he a
lkal
ine
eart
h do
uble
carb
onat
es.
1390
A
mer
ican
Min
eral
ogis
t, 62
(12)
, pp.
36-5
0.
1171
10
86
3.
Ros
sman
G.R
. &
Squ
ires R
.L.
(197
4) T
he o
ccur
renc
e of a
lsto
nite
at C
ave-
in-R
ock,
Illin
ois.
10
63
Min
eral
ogic
al R
ecor
d, 5
(6),
pp.
266-
269.
89
4 86
1 85
5
38NVIIIWSNV~1 %
~ C) ~ C) w 00 00
:E :J Z W > ~ 3:
~
~ ·rl ro +J ru LJ
LJ ru LJ c ro Cl
C) X C) ru m L--J
W r ~
z 0 r ~ ~ ~
38NVllI~SNV~1 %
II A
LU
MO
HY
DR
OC
AL
CIT
E
II
Fo
rmu
la:
CaA
lz(C
03M
°H
)4-3
HzO
C
ryst
al s
yste
m:
Tri
clin
ic ?
C
he
mic
al c
lass
: C
he
mic
al
typ
e:
Hyd
rate
d ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
AmB
n(X
03)p
Zq-x
H zO
M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
: ?
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
BM
193
7,13
77 L
aven
der,
silk
y, f
ibro
us,
ra
dia
tin
g w
ith c
alci
te o
n s
erp
en
tine
. R
ub
en
min
e, N
owa
Ru
da
, Pol
and_
S
pe
ctru
m r
ef.
No
.:
IR27
96
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: K
Br
dis
k X
RD
: 79
06F
(std
) C
om
po
siti
on
: C
a:A
l =
1:1
-8 +
min
or S
i
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m is m
ore
com
plex
i.e.
bet
ter r
esol
ved,
than
that
giv
en in
ref
. 3,
but
is o
ther
wis
e ide
ntic
al.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Ryb
ack G
. (1
988)
A
lum
ohyd
roca
lcite
from
Sca
rbor
ough
, Nor
th Y
orks
hire
, and
Wes
ton F
avel
l, N
orth
ampt
onsh
ire.
Jour
nal o
f the
Rus
sell S
ocie
ty, 2
(1),
pp.
9-12
.
2.
Sre
brod
ol's
kiy B
.I.
(197
6)
Alu
moh
ydro
calc
ites.
In
tern
atio
nal G
eolo
gica
l Rev
ue, 1
8 (3
), pp
.321
-328
.
3.
Kau
tz K
. (1
969)
E
lect
ron
mic
rosc
ope a
nd in
frar
ed in
vest
igat
ion o
f alu
moh
ydro
calc
ite.
Neu
es Ja
hrbu
chjU
r Min
eral
ogie
, Mon
atsh
ejt,
No.
3, p
p.13
0-13
7 (G
erm
an w
ith E
nglis
h su
mm
ary)
.
3702
36
53
3622
33
64
3145
29
61
2923
28
53
2516
21
87
1995
18
34
1798
16
73
1519
14
20
1399
11
13
1099
Pe
ak
Tab
le c
m-1
1031
10
07
967
867
798
730
661
570
523
472
426
343
250?
C) C) UJ ~
C) C) C) ru
C) C) C) m
38NVllIWSNV~1 %
. UJ ru ru
00 ~ w m ~ ~ z W :> ~ ~ I
0 W 00 00 w ~ ~ ~ 0 tJ
W r ~
tJ ~ ~ tJ 0 ~ 0 r I 0 ~ :J ~ ~
~ ~
~~
~
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cl
ass
: C
he
mic
al t
ype
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Ref
eren
ces:
SrC
e(C
0 3MO
H)'
H20
H
ydra
ted
carb
on
ate
with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
A",
Bn(X
OJ p
Zq
'xH
20 w
ith (
m+
n):
p =
1:1
RM
S 1
988.
7.8.
M
on
t St H
ilair
e,
Que
bec,
Ca
na
da
. IR
2916
K
Br
dis
k 41
42
No
tes
1.
Wal
ter F
. &
Pos
t! W
. (1
983)
C
alci
o an
cylit
e o
f the
Kal
cher
koge
l Tun
nel,
Pac
k, S
tyria
.
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Mitt
eilu
ngsb
latt
Abt
eilu
ng JU
r M
iner
alog
ie a
m L
ande
smus
eum
Jo
anne
um, 5
1, p
p.25
-28.
(G
erm
an w
ith E
nglis
h su
mm
ary)
.
2.
Tar
een J
.A.K
., V
isw
anat
hiah
M.N
. &
Kris
hnam
urth
y K.V
. (1
980)
H
ydro
ther
mal
synt
hesi
s and
gro
wth
of Y
(OH
)C0 3
anc
ylite
-like
pha
ses.
R
evu
e de
Chi
mie
Min
eral
e, 1
7(1)
, pp.
50-5
7.
Ort
ho
rho
mb
ic
Anc
ylite
P
mcn
3494
29
25
2856
25
32
1775
14
55
1373
10
74
858
771
727
715
703
695
294
Pea
k T
able
cm
-7
UJ u :z
« t- t- .....
::::2:
Ul
:z
« a:
t- N
IR29
16
10
0.0
6 4 2
O.'U/~
-r----'-
----~--
~r---_
'-----r-
---_r---
-'-----~
--_r--_
'----r--
-'----r-
-~r_--
~--_r-
-_'----r
_--,---
-r--~r_
--~--_
r--_,---
-r_~
4000
30
00
2000
ANCY
LITE
-(C
e)
1500
COM
PRES
SED-
WAV
ENUM
BERS
1000
50
0
22
5.0
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cl
ass
: C
he
mic
al t
ype
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
ampl
e m
ed
ium
: X
RD
: C
om
po
siti
on
:
AN
DE
RS
ON
ITE
Na 2
Ca
(UO
J (C
0 3)3
· 6H
20
Hyd
rate
d no
rma
l ca
rbo
na
te
A.nB
n(XO
~p·xH
20
whe
re (m
+n
):p
> 1
:1
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Spa
ce g
rou
p:
BM
196
7,26
7 Y
ello
w/g
reen
tra
nsp
are
nt is
ola
ted
crys
tals
. A
tom
ic K
ing
No.
2 m
ine,
Ca
ne
Wa
sh, S
an
Ju
an
Co
., U
tah
, U.S
.A.
IR28
59
KB
r d
isk
8099
F m
atch
es PD
F 2
0-10
92 a
nd
ers
on
ite.
Na
:Ca
:U =
0·7
:1:1
:2 +
tra
ce Z
n &
Si
No
tes
Tri
go
na
l R
uth
erf
ord
ine
R3
The
spe
ctru
m h
as a st
rong
pea
k at 3
548
cm·!
whi
ch in
dica
tes t
he p
rese
nce o
f an
(OR
) gr
oup
not s
how
n in
35
48
the
form
ula.
Mat
ches
Suh
ner (
5-35
A)
ande
rson
ite, e
xcep
t for
the
lack
of a
pea
k at 1
020
cm-!
3413
S
emi-q
uant
itativ
e ana
lysi
s of t
his
spec
imen
gave
a lo
wer
sod
ium
cont
ent th
an in
dica
ted b
y th
e fo
rmul
a.
3216
29
03
2602
R
efer
ence
s:
2418
23
60
l.
Cej
ka J
., U
rban
ec Z
. &
C
ejka
J Jr
. (19
87)
2330
C
ontr
ibut
ion
to th
e cr
ysta
l che
mis
try o
f and
erso
nite
. 20
82
Neu
es la
hrb
uch
jUr
Min
eral
ogie
, Mon
atsh
ejte
, (11
), p
p.4
88
-50
l. 18
16
1659
2.
U
rban
ec Z
. &
Cej
ka J.
(19
79)
1575
In
frar
ed s
pect
ra of l
iebi
gite
, and
erso
nite
, vogl
ite, a
nd s
chro
ecki
nger
ite.
1525
C
olle
ctio
n o
f Cze
chos
lova
k Che
mic
al C
omm
unic
atio
ns, 44
(1),
pp.
1O-2
3.
1382
10
93
1080
95
4 91
4 90
3
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m·'
852
847
764
728
700
671
632
542
476
425
343
291
38NVIIIWSNVHl %
II A
NK
ER
ITE
II
Fo
rmu
la:
Cry
sta
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Ca
(Fe
,Mg
,Mn
)(C
0 3)2
An
hyd
rou
s no
rma
l ca
rbo
na
te
AB
(XO
J2
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Tri
go
na
l D
olom
ite
R3
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
BM
192
1,72
3 Y
ello
wlw
hite
sa
dd
le-s
ha
pe
d
rho
mb
s on
lim
esto
ne w
ith g
ale
na
. A
lsto
n, C
um
bri
a, U
.K.
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
IR
2665
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
KB
r d
isk
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Ca
:Fe
:Mg
:Mn
= 1
:0·5
:0·4
:0·1
No
tes
The
com
posi
tion o
f thi
s sp
ecim
en is t
ypic
al, i
.e.
it co
ntai
ns si
gnifi
cant
Mg
and
Mn.
F
orm
s se
ries w
ith d
olom
ite a
nd k
utn
oh
ori
te.
Com
pare
spec
trum
with
tho
se o
f oth
er m
embe
rs of
dol
omite
gro
up, e
.g. n
ors
eth
ite
Ref
eren
ces:
l.
Dub
raw
ski J
.V.,
Cha
nnon
A.L
. &
War
ne S
.S.J
. (19
89)
The
effe
cts o
f su
bstit
utio
n in
the
dolo
mite
ferr
oan
dolo
mite
ank
erite
ser
ies a
s ill
ustr
ated
by
FT
IR.
Neu
es la
hrb
uch
fUr
Min
eral
ogie
. Mon
atsh
efte
, (8),
pp.3
37-3
44.
2.
Far
mer
V.C
. &
War
ne S
.S.J
. (19
78)
Infr
ared
spe
ctro
scop
ic ev
alua
tion o
f iro
n co
nten
ts an
d ex
cess
calc
ium
in m
iner
als o
f the
dol
omite
an
kerit
e ser
ies.
A
mer
ican
Min
eral
ogis
t, 63
(7,8
), p
p.77
9-78
1.
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-1
2987
28
71
2608
25
10
1810
14
24
1091
87
5 72
5 35
3 32
4
38NVIIIWSNV~1 %
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Ca
C0 3
An
hyd
rou
s no
rma
l ca
rbo
na
te.
A(X
03)
BM
265
22. C
olou
rles
s tw
inn
ed
cry
sta
ls.
Mo
lina
, A
rag
on
, Sp
ain
. IR
26
02
K
Br
dis
k
-_
._
-
No
tes
Trim
orph
ous w
ith c
alc
ite a
nd v
ate
rite
.
AR
AG
ON
ITE
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
The
spe
ctru
m m
atch
es th
ose o
btai
ned f
rom
syn
thet
ic m
ater
ial a
nd x
-ray
diff
ract
ion
stan
dard
. T
ypic
al s
impl
e or
thor
hom
bic c
arbo
nate
spec
trum
, dis
tinct
from
cal
cite
gro
up s
pect
ra.
Com
pare
with
spe
ctra
of o
ther
mem
bers
of t
he a
rago
nite
grou
p; c
erus
site
, str
on
tia
nit
e, w
ithe
rite
&
als
ton
ite.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Fre
ch R
., W
ang
E.c
. &
B
ates
J.B
. (1
980)
The
I.R
. an
d R
aman
spec
tra o
f Ca
C0 3
(ar
agon
ite).
S
pect
roch
imic
a Act
a, P
art A
, 36
(10)
, pp.
915-
919.
2.
Whi
te W
.B.
(197
4) T
he c
arbo
nate
min
eral
s. In
: F
arm
er (E
d.) T
he In
frar
ed S
pect
ra o
f Min
eral
s.
Min
eral
ogic
al S
ocie
ty o
f Lon
don,
Mon
ogra
ph N
o.4
, pp.
227-
284.
3.
Ge
vork
'ya
n S
.V.
& P
ovar
enni
kh O
.S. (
1983
) New
infr
ared
spe
ctra
for
min
eral
s in
the
calc
ite a
nd
Ort
ho
rho
mb
ic
Ara
go
nite
P
mcn
---
[330
7]
2921
28
54
2546
25
22
2499
17
89
1477
13
84
1167
11
19
1083
10
34
909
858
arag
onite
grou
ps.
Dop
ovid
i Aka
dem
iyi N
auk
Ukr
ayin
s 'ko
yi R
SR
, Ser
. B:
Geo
logi
chni
, Khi
mic
hni t
a 84
4 B
iolo
gich
ni N
auki
., 11
, pp.
8-12
. ( U
krai
nian
with
Eng
lish
sum
mar
y).
713
700
Pe
ak
Tab
le c
m-1
536
469
268
t'\I 0 LO t'\I a: I-f
0 cd 0 0 0 .....-f
38NVllIWSNVl:ll %
o o lCl
o o o .....-f
o o lCl .....-f
o o o t'\I
o o o (T)
0 0 0 -.;;t
o . lCl t'\I t'\I
Ul
ffi III :::E ::J Z LU > < 3: I
o LU Ul Ul LU
b: :::E o (.J
II A
RT
INIT
E
II
!
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Mg
iC0
3)(O
H)2
'3H
20
H
ydra
ted
carb
on
ate
with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
AmB
n(X
03)
pZq'
xH20
with
(m
+n
):p
= 2
:1
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
BM
197
3,50
3. G
lob
ula
r clu
ster
s of w
hite
ra
dia
tin
g a
cicu
lar c
ryst
als.
U
nion
Ca
rbid
e m
ine,
San
Ben
ito C
o.,
Ca
lifo
rnia
, U.S
.A.
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
IR
2768
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
KB
r di
sk
XR
D:
7828
(std
) C
om
po
siti
on
: M
g
with
tra
ce N
a &
AI No
tes
See
ref.
2 fo
r a
disc
ussi
on of t
he s
pect
rum
.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Sm
olin
P.P
. &
Zib
orov
a T
.A.
(197
6)
Typ
es o
f wat
er, s
toic
hiom
etry
and
rela
tions
betw
een h
ydro
mag
nesi
te an
d ot
her h
ydra
ted m
agne
sium
ca
rbon
ates
. D
okl
ad
y U
SS
R A
cad
em
y of S
cien
ces,
Ear
th S
cien
ces S
ectio
n, 2
26(1
6), p
p.13
0-13
3.
2.
Whi
te W
.B.
(197
4)
The
car
bona
te m
iner
als.
In
: F
arm
er (E
d.)
The
Infr
ared
Spe
ctra
of M
iner
als,
M
ine
ralo
gic
al S
oci
ety
of L
ondo
n, M
onog
raph
No
.4, p
p.22
7-28
4.
3.
Whi
te W
.B.
(197
1)
Infr
ared
cha
ract
eriz
atio
n of w
ater
and
hyd
roxy
l ion
in t
he b
asic
mag
nesi
um ca
rbon
ate m
iner
als.
A
me
rica
n M
iner
alog
ist,
56(
1,2)
, pp.
46-5
3.
Mon
oclin
ic
Hyd
rom
ag
ne
site
C
2/m
3604
30
14
2421
22
41
1792
15
89
1452
13
69
1328
10
94
942
900
850
767
731
676
514
439
396
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-t
349
281
o o o ~
3~N\fllI~SN\f~1 %
o
o o In
o o o ~
o o In ~
o o o C\J
o o o (TJ
o In C\J C\J
en a: UJ III :::E ::::J Z UJ > « 3::: I
o UJ en en UJ a: a. :::E o U
UJ I-I---i Z I---i I-a: «
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
A U
RIC
HA
L C
ITE
(Zn,
Cu>
s(C
OJ2
(OH
),
An
hyd
rou
s ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
ha
log
en
(A
B>
s(X
0 3hZ
q
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
BM
568
65 P
ale
blu
elg
ree
n sp
he
roid
al a
gg
reg
ate
s wit
h c
alci
te, a
zuri
te e
tc.
Co
pp
er Q
ue
en
min
e, B
isbe
e, A
rizo
na
, U.S
.A.
IR27
40
KB
r d
isk
5989
F (s
td)
Zn
:Cu
= 1
·8:1
with
tra
ce S
i
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m is q
uite
diff
eren
t fro
m th
at o
f the
che
mic
ally
sim
ilar r
osas
ite.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Bra
ithw
aite
R.S
.W. &
Ryb
ack G
. (1
962)
Ort
ho
rho
mb
ic
Au
rich
alc
ite
B22
12
3348
29
20
2682
25
55
2433
23
25
Ros
asite
, aur
icha
lcite
, and
ass
ocia
ted m
iner
als f
rom
Hei
ghts
of A
brah
am, M
atlo
ck B
ath,
Der
bysh
ire,
2117
w
ith a
not
e on
infr
a-re
d sp
ectr
a.
1817
M
iner
alog
ical
Mag
azin
e, 33
(261
), p
p.44
1-44
9.
1773
15
59
1505
14
13
1365
12
03
1087
10
70
1031
97
9 86
9
Pea
k T
able
em
-'
841
832
765
758
742
712
508
471
411
37
7
31
5
38NVIIIWSNV~1 %
C)
~ ru ru
II A
ZU
RIT
E
II
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
CU
3(C
0 3M
OH
)2
An
hyd
rou
s ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
(AB
MX
OJ2
Zq
BM
914
61. D
ark
blu
e cr
ysta
ls.
Che
ssy,
Lyon
, F
ranc
e.
IR27
33
KB
r di
sk
Cu
onl
y
No
tes
See
ref.
2 fo
r pe
ak as
sign
men
ts.
Com
pare
spec
trum
with
tha
t of m
alac
hite
.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Pija
l J. &
Zie
tkie
wic
z J.
(19
69)
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Exp
erim
enta
l stu
dy o
n th
e su
bstit
utio
n of O
H-i
grou
ps by
p-i
ions
in m
iner
als.
B
ulle
tin d
e l'A
ca(ie
mie
Pol
onai
se de
s S
cien
ces.
Se
ne
des
Sci
ence
s Geo
logi
ques
et G
eogr
aphi
ques
. 17
(1),
pp.
7-12
.
2.
Gol
dsm
ith J.
A.
& R
oss S
.D. (
1969
) T
he in
fra-
red
spec
tra o
f azu
rite
and
mal
achi
te.
Spe
ctro
chim
ica A
cta
, 24(
A),
pp.
2131
-213
7.
Mon
oclin
ic
Azu
rite
P
2/c
3426
29
23
2593
25
51
2498
18
81
1861
18
35
1497
14
64
1418
13
85
1172
10
93
954
838
820
771
746
Pe
ak
Tab
le c
m-1
496
457
404
346
312
3~NVIII~SNV~1 %
BA
RE
NT
SIT
E
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
Na 7
AIH
2(C
0 3)4
F4
Aci
d ca
rbo
na
te
RM
S,
unre
gist
ered
. Col
ourle
ss cr
ysta
l fra
gm
en
ts.
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
M
t R
estin
yon,
Kh
ibin
a m
assi
f, K
ola
Pe
nin
sula
, Ru
ssia
. IR
3069
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
KB
r di
sk
XR
D:
9065
F
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Ma
jor
Na,
Al
(F n
ot s
ough
t)
No
tes
Mat
eria
l sup
plie
d by
Dr
A.P
. K
hom
yako
v.
The
X-r
ay d
iffra
ctio
n pa
ttern
of t
his
sam
ple s
how
ed an
add
ition
al lin
e at
8·7
A.
The
spe
ctru
m m
atch
es th
at s
how
n in
ref
. 2,
but
has
bet
ter r
esol
utio
n an
d al
l pe
aks s
hifte
d by
15-
20 cm
-! to
hig
her w
aven
umbe
rs an
d ex
tra
peak
s at 2
923
and
2833
cm
-! .
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Thi
T.T
.L.,
Pob
edim
skay
a Yeo
A.,
Nad
ezhi
na T.N
. &
Kho
mya
kov
A.
P.
(198
4)
The
cry
stal
str
uctu
res o
f alk
alin
e ca
rbon
ates
; bare
ntsi
te, b
onsh
tedt
ite an
d do
nnay
ite.
Act
a C
ryst
allo
grap
hica
, (A
): F
ound
atio
ns oj C
ryst
allo
grap
hy, 4
0 (S
uppl
emen
t), p
. C
257.
2.
Kho
mya
kov
A.P
., K
urov
a T
.A.,
Nec
hely
usto
v G.N
. &
Pilo
yan
G.O
. (19
83)
Bar
ents
ite, N
a7A
IHiC
03)4
F4
, a n
ew m
iner
al.
Zap
iski
Vse
soyu
znog
o Min
eral
ogic
hesk
ogo O
bshc
hest
va, 11
2, p
p.47
4-47
9.
(in R
ussi
an).
Abs
trac
ted i
n A
mer
ican
Min
eral
ogis
t, 19
84, 6
9, p
.565
.
Tri
clin
ic,
pseu
dohe
xago
nal
?
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-1
[339
3]
661
2923
59
9 28
53
429
2585
34
0 19
66
289
1788
26
8 16
60
1499
14
38
1384
13
48
1081
10
35
1010
87
1 83
9 74
3 71
1 68
6
m
o o LCJ
o o o ..-t
o o LCJ ..-t
o o o N
o o o m
o 0 m 0
~~~---r--~-'~-r--~-.r--r--,-~.--.--.---.-~--~--r-- ~ o o o ..-t
3:JNV11IHSNV~1 ~
o LCJ N N
BA
RS
TO
WIT
E
Fo
rmu
la:
3PbC
1 2• P
bC
0 3• H
20
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: C
he
mic
al c
lass
: H
ydra
ted
carb
on
ate
with
hyd
roxy
l or
ha
log
en
M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
: S
pa
ce g
rou
p:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
BM
199
0,25
Tin
y co
lour
less
crys
tal a
gg
reg
ate
s. (T
ype
spec
imen
).
Bo
un
ds C
liff,
St E
nd
elli
on
, Co
rnw
all,
U.K
. (T
ype
loca
lity)
. IR
30
72
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
KB
r d
isk
XR
D:
See
ref 1
. C
om
po
siti
on
: S
ee re
f.1
.
No
tes
A f
ull
desc
ript
ion o
f thi
s m
ater
ial is
giv
en in
ref
. 1 ,
incl
udin
g co
mpa
rison
of t
he s
pect
rum
with
tho
se o
f p
ho
sge
nite
and
ceru
ssite
. T
he s
pect
rum
is s
imila
r to,
but
dis
tingu
isha
ble f
rom
tha
t of
phos
geni
te.
The
sm
all p
eak
at 1
385
cm·!
may
be
due
to im
purit
y in
the
KB
r m
ediu
m.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Sta
nley
C.J
., J
ones
G.C
., H
art A
.D.,
Kel
ler
P.
& L
loyd
D.
(199
1)
Bar
stow
ite, 3
PbC
I 2·P
bC
0 3·H
20,
a ne
w m
iner
al fr
om B
ound
s Clif
f, S
t End
ellio
n, C
ornw
all.
Min
era
log
ica
l Mag
azin
e, 5
5, p
p.12
1-12
5.
Mo
no
clin
ic
Ph
osg
en
ite ?
P21
/m
33
99
29
23
2854
17
68
1716
16
19
1438
13
85?
1339
11
06
1051
84
5 71
9 67
1 59
8 46
7 3
94
26
8
Pe
ak
Tab
le c
m·7
o o o .....
3~N\111IWSN\1Hl %
o ICJ
o o In
o o o .....
o o In .....
o o o N
o o o CTJ
o . ICJ N N
II B
AR
YT
OC
AL
CIT
E
Ii
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
Ba
Ca
(C0 3)
2
An
hyd
rou
s no
rma
l ca
rbo
na
te
AB
(X0
3)2
BM
406
87 C
olou
rless
crys
tals
on
mas
sive
.
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
B
leag
ill,
Als
ton
Moo
r, C
um
bri
a, U
.K.
(Typ
e lo
calit
y).
IR26
67
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: K
Br
disk
X
RD
: 74
52F
(std
) C
om
po
siti
on
: C
a:B
a 1
:1
-
No
tes
Trim
orph
ous w
ith a
lsto
nite
and
para
lsto
nite
. T
he s
pect
rum
is d
istin
guis
habl
e fro
m t
hose
of b
oth
poly
mor
phs.
C
ompa
re sp
ectr
um w
ith t
hose
of o
ther
mem
bers
of a
rag
on
ite gr
oup.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Sch
eetz
B.E
. &
Whi
te W
.B.
(197
7)
Vib
ratio
nal s
pect
ra of t
he a
lkal
ine
eart
h do
uble
car
bona
tes.
A
me
rica
n M
iner
alog
ist,
62,
(1,
2), p
p.36
-50.
2.
Sch
eetz
B.E
. &
Whi
te W
.B.
(197
5)
A v
ibra
tiona
l stu
dy o
f the
ord
er/d
isor
der in
the
alk
alin
e ea
rth
doub
le c
arbo
nate
s.
Eo
s (T
rans
actio
ns of t
he A
mer
ican
Geo
phys
ical
Uni
on. W
ashi
ngto
n), 5
6(6)
, p.4
63.
Mon
oclin
ic
Ara
go
nite
P
21/m
[342
5]
2926
25
87
2543
25
01
2473
23
62
2157
17
93
1786
17
73
1765
15
18
1470
14
06
1368
10
85
1080
87
8
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-7
867
850
839
731
722
700
695
679
304
38NVIII~SNV~1 %
C)
~ ru ru
o o o ..-I
38NVIIIWSNVtll %
o ru
o o LO
o o CD
0 0 0 ...-4
en a: UJ CD ~ ::J Z UJ > <1: 3:
~
rl .r! ItJ
.j..J
CU "C
"C CU "C s:::: ItJ 0. X CU ......
UJ I-1-1 U -1 <1: U 0 I->-a: <1: CD
II B
AS
TN
AS
ITE
-(C
e)
Ii
I
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
(Ce
,La
)(C
0 3)F
A
nh
ydro
us c
arb
on
ate
with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
(AB
) (X
03)
Zq
RM
S u
nreg
iste
red
Tys
fjord
, Nor
way
. IR
2958
K
Br
disk
42
27
Ce
:La
:Nd
= 0
'5:0
·2:0
·3 w
ith m
ino
r Pr,
Sm
,Gd
& Y
No
tes
For
ms
a se
ries w
ith h
ydro
xyl-b
astn
asite
-(C
e).
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
----
Hex
agon
al
Ba
stn
asi
te
P62
c
[343
4]
Spe
ctra
from
a n
umbe
r of b
astn
asite
spec
imen
s from
var
ious
loca
litie
s w
ere
reco
rded
. The
spe
ctra
show
ed
2927
co
nsid
erab
le va
riatio
n, p
ossi
bly
due
to (
OH
)/F
sub
stitu
tion.
IR29
58 is
an
exam
ple o
f one
of t
he le
ast
2858
(O
H)-
bear
ing b
astn
asite
spec
imen
s stu
died
, see
bas
tnas
ite-(
La) f
or a
n (O
H)-
bear
ing e
xam
ple.
25
02
2342
R
efer
ence
s:
1825
17
60
l.
Akh
man
ova M
.N.
& O
rlova
L.P
. (1
966)
14
49
Inve
stig
atio
n of
rare
-ear
th ca
rbon
ates
by in
fra-
red
spec
tros
copy
. 10
89
Geo
khim
iya,
No
.5, p
p.71
-578
. 86
8 T
rans
late
d in:
Geo
chem
istr
y Inte
rnat
iona
l, 3(
3), p
p.4
44
-45
l. 84
2 76
3 2.
A
dler
H.H
. &
Ker
r P
. F
. (1
963)
73
6?
Infr
ared
spe
ctra
, sym
met
ry a
nd s
truc
ture
rela
tions
of s
ome c
arbo
nate
min
eral
s.
731
Am
eric
an M
iner
alog
ist,
48, p
p.83
9-85
3.
722?
61
2 3.
D
onna
y G
. &
Don
nay J
.D.H
. (19
53)
366
The
cry
stal
logr
aphy
of b
astn
asite
, par
isite
, ron
tgen
ite an
d sy
nchy
site
. 27
5 A
mer
ican
Min
eral
ogis
t, 38
(11-
12),
pp.9
32-9
36.
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-t
38NV1II~SNV~1 %
C) ru
C) o C) ru
C)
~ ru ru
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l typ
e:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
BA
ST
NA
SIT
E-(
La)
(La
,Ce
)(C
OJF
A
nh
ydro
us c
arb
on
ate
with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
(AB
)(X
OJZ
q
BM
194
6,81
Bro
wn
mas
sive
with
ce
rite
an
d a
llan
ite
Nya
Ba
stn
as,
Rid
da
rhyt
tan
, Va
stm
an
lan
d, S
wed
en.
IR28
88
KB
r di
sk
4976
= ba
stn
asi
te gro
up
L
a:C
e:N
d =
0·5
:0·4
:0·1
with
tra
ce C
a, A
I, S
i, B
a
No
tes
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
For
ms a
ser
ies w
ith h
ydro
xyl-b
astn
asite
.
He
xag
on
al
Ba
stn
asi
te
P62
c
3747
T
he s
pect
rum
show
s som
e (O
H)
subs
titut
ion a
nd d
iffer
s in
the
regi
on 9
00-7
00 em
'! w
hen
com
pare
d to
the
3608
ne
arly
(OH
)-fr
ee b
ast
na
site
-(C
e) IR
2958
. 35
81
3494
R
efer
ence
s:
3440
28
42
1.
Akh
man
ova M
.N.
& O
rlova
L.P
. (1
966)
25
82
Inve
stig
atio
n of r
are-
eart
h car
bona
tes b
y in
fra-
red
spec
tros
copy
. 25
00
Geo
khim
iya,
No.
5, p
p.71
-578
. 18
22
Tra
nsla
ted i
n: G
eoch
emis
try In
tern
atio
nal,
3(3)
, pp.
444-
451.
17
60
1443
2.
A
dler
H.H
. &
Ker
r P
. F.
(196
3)
1087
In
frar
ed s
pect
ra, s
ymm
etry
and
stru
ctur
e rel
atio
ns o
f som
e car
bona
te m
iner
als.
88
0 A
mer
ican
Min
eral
ogis
t, 4
8, p
p.83
9-85
3.
868
842
3.
Don
nay G
. &
Don
nay J
.D.H
. (19
53) T
he c
ryst
allo
grap
hy of b
astn
asite
, par
isite
, ron
tgen
ite an
d 78
9 sy
nchy
site
. 74
9 A
mer
ican
Min
eral
ogis
t, 3
8, (1
1-12
), p
p.93
2-93
6.
728
720
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m"
664
360
266
i
3~NVllI~SNV~1 %
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Mg2
(UOJ
(COJ
3'18~
O H
ydra
ted
no
rma
l car
bona
te
A..,B
n(X
OJ p
·xH
20 w
here
(m+
n):
p =
1:1
BA
YL
EY
ITE
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Mon
oclin
ic
Ru
the
rfo
rdin
e
P2
/a
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
BM
196
3,38
9 B
rig
ht y
ello
w p
rism
atic
crys
tals
on s
ands
tone
with
an
de
rsto
nite
. H
omes
take
min
e, A
mbr
osia
Lak
es, M
cKin
ley
Co
un
ty, N
ew M
exic
o, U
.S.A
. IR
2862
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
KB
r di
sk
XR
D:
39
1F
(std
) C
om
po
siti
on
: M
g:U
1,
5:1
with
tra
ce S
i & S
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m is s
imila
r to
that
of l
iebi
gite
. 35
47
3406
22
33
Ref
eren
ces:
21
16
1619
1.
M
ayer
H.
& M
erei
ter K
. (1
986)
15
53
Syn
thet
ic ba
yley
ite, M
g2(U
02)(
C03
)3'1
8H20
; th
erm
oche
mis
try,
crys
tallo
grap
hy an
d cr
ysta
l 13
87
stru
ctur
e.
1144
T
sche
rmok
s Min
eral
ogis
che u
nd P
etro
grap
hisc
he M
ittei
lung
en. 3
5(2)
, pp.
133-
146.
11
16
903
2.
Axe
lrod
I.M
., G
rimal
di F
.S.,
Milt
on C
. &
Mur
ata
K.
1. (
1951
) 84
9 T
he U
rani
um m
iner
als f
rom
the
Hill
side
min
e, Y
avap
ai C
ount
y, A
rizon
a.
795
Am
eric
an M
iner
alog
ist,
36, p
.lO.
775
731
693
668
604
510
465
Pe
ak
Ta
ble
cm
-1
426
396
374
285
3JNVIIIWSNV~1 %
C) _ . C)
C) m
C)
~ ru ru
II B
EN
ST
ON
ITE
-~
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
(Ba,S
r)6(C
a,Mn)
~g(C
OJ13
An
hyd
rou
s no
rma
l ca
rbo
na
te
AB
(X0
3)3
BM
196
8,62
8 P
ale
yello
w c
ryst
al g
rou
ps o
n fl
uo
rite
. C
ave
in R
ock,
Ha
rdin
Co
un
ty, I
llino
is,
U.S
.A.
IR28
02
KB
r di
sk
1348
7 (s
td)
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Ba
:Sr:
Ca
:Mn
:Mg
= 2
·4:0
·2:3
·1:0
:1 w
ith t
race
Na
& P
b.
-----
~-
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m di
spla
ys a
clo
ser r
elat
ions
hip t
o th
e ar
agon
ite, ra
ther
than
the
calc
ite g
roup
. S
ee F
arm
er (1
974)
pp.
258-
259 f
or d
iscu
ssio
n and
com
paris
on of a
lkal
ine
eart
h do
uble
car
bona
tes.
C
ompa
re als
ton
ite an
d b
ary
toca
lcite
.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Sch
eetz
B.E
. &
Whi
te W
.B.
(197
7)
Vib
ratio
nal s
pect
ra of t
he a
lkal
ine
eart
h do
uble
car
bona
tes.
A
mer
ican
Min
eral
ogis
t, 62
(1,2
), p
p.36
-50.
Tri
go
na
l H
un
tite
R3
[342
8]
2923
28
54
2510
24
82
1781
17
63
1755
14
96
1447
14
09
1179
10
87
872
845
800
780
719
Pe
ak
Tab
le c
m-7
711
700
691
684
513
465
341
295
266
,
38NVIII~SNVHl %
o o o ~
38NV 11 I ~SNVtll %
o ru
o o LO
o o r-....
0 0 II)
o o 01
til a: LU CO :::E ::J Z LU > -< ......... 3: ..-i
.r! ro 4J Q)
"[J
"[J Q) "[J c: ro a x Q)
~
LU I-1-1 Z 0 I-til Z LU III
II B
EY
ER
ITE
]
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
(Ca,
Pb)
Bi2
(CO
J202
or
Ca
(BiO
J(C
OJ2
A
nh
ydro
us c
arb
on
ate
with
hyd
roxy
l or
ha
log
en
(A
BM
XO
J2Z
q
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Te
tra
go
na
l B
ism
utit
e
14
/mm
m
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
BM
196
5,25
4 G
reyl
whi
te c
om
pa
ct w
ith m
ica
, cha
lcoc
ite, m
ala
chite
on
ga
rne
t.
Me
yer'
s Ra
nch
pegm
atite
, Pa
rk C
o.,
Co
lora
do
, U.S
.A.
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
IR
2883
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
KB
r d
isk
XR
D:
1111
7 =
bey
erite
C
om
po
siti
on
:
-
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m is s
imila
r to
that
of b
ism
utite
. 36
96?
* P
eaks
betw
een 1
032
and
909
cm-!
inc.
are
pro
babl
y due
to im
purit
ies.
36
54?
Mat
ches
Suh
ner (
5-65
A),
bey
erite
, incl
udin
g th
e tr
iple
t at
~ 17
50 cm
-!.
3621
? 35
89?
Ref
eren
ces:
34
71?
[332
4]
l.
Kup
cik
V.
(197
9) B
ism
uth;
cry
stal
che
mis
try.
29
26?
In:
Ang
ino
E.E
& L
ong
D.T
. (E
ds.)
Geo
chem
istr
y of b
ism
uth.
pp.
13-1
9.
2852
? P
ub: D
owde
n, H
utch
inso
n and
Ros
s, S
trou
dsbu
rg, P
A,
U.S
.A.
2381
? 17
64
2.
Lage
rcra
ntz A
. &
Gun
nar S
.L.
(194
8)
1752
O
n th
e cr
ysta
l str
uctu
re o
f Bi 20
2C0 3
(bis
mut
ite) a
nd C
aBiz
0 2(C
0 3}z
(bey
erite
).
1746
A
rkiv
for
Kem
i, M
iner
alog
i och
Geo
logi
. (K
. S
vens
ka Vet
ensk
apsa
kad)
, 25(2
0).
1644
15
64
3.
Hei
nric
h E
.W.
(194
7) B
eyer
ite fr
om C
olor
ado.
14
82
Am
eric
an M
iner
alog
ist,
32(1
1), p
p.66
0-66
6.
1431
(c
onta
ins a
naly
sis o
f mat
eria
l from
Mey
er's
Ran
ch lo
calit
y)
1197
11
00
1065
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-7
1032
* 10
08*
954*
90
9*
861
848*
83
6?
756
707
700
693
685
680
632
568
471
330
(T) (Xl
o o Ln
o o o .......
o o Ln .......
o o o ru
o o o (T)
(Xl 0 ru 0 a: 0 ~~i,---.--.---.--.---.--.---.--.---.--.---.--'---r--'---+-- ~
o o o .......
b (Xl to
38NVIIIWSNVtU %
o ru
o Ln ru ru
en En III ::::E ::J Z LU > « 3: I @ en en UJ a: 0.. ::::E o U
[ ...
BIS
MU
TIT
E
II
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Bi 2
(C0
3)0
2
An
hyd
rou
s ca
rbo
na
te wit
h h
ydro
xyl o
r h
alo
ge
n
(AB
MX
03)
Zq
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Te
tra
go
na
l B
ism
uti
te
14
/mm
m
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
BM
192
9,18
30 P
ale
yello
w,
pow
dery
pse
ud
om
orp
hs w
ith m
ala
chite
in li
mo
nite
. Je
ssie
min
e, 1
20 m
iles
S.E
. of
Kab
we,
Za
mb
ia.
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
IR
2882
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
KB
r d
isk
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m m
atch
es S
uhne
r (5-
64 A
) bi
smut
ite, b
ut h
as a
n ex
tra
peak
at 8
89 c
m-I
. [3
468]
29
24?
2852
R
efer
ence
s:
2404
17
55
l.
Kup
cik
V.
(197
9) B
ism
uth;
cry
stal
che
mis
try.
17
34
In:
Ang
ino
E.E
& L
ong
D.T
. (E
ds) G
eoch
emis
try o
f bis
mut
h, p
p.13
-19.
16
45
Pub
: Dow
den,
Hut
chin
son a
nd R
oss,
Str
ouds
burg
, PA
, U
SA
. 15
60
1455
2.
La
gerc
rant
z A.
& G
unna
r S.L
. (1
948)
13
93
On
the
crys
tal s
truc
ture
of B
i 202C
0 3 (
bism
utite
) and
CaB
i 202(
C0 3
)2 (
beye
rite)
. 11
32
Ark
iv fo
r K
emi,
Min
eral
ogi o
ch G
eolo
gi. (
K.
Sve
nska
Vet
ensk
apsa
kad)
, 25(2
0).
1066
96
4 88
9?
862
821
759?
69
1
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m·1
668
541
375
298
o o o ~
38NV 11 I VlSNVtJ1 %
o
o o In
o o o ~
o o In -
o o o ru
o o o (TJ
o o o ~
o In ru ru
en ct: LU OJ :::E ::J Z LU > -d: 3: I o
LU en en LU ct: 0-:::E o U
LU I-1-1 I-::J :::E en 1-1 OJ
II B
RE
NK
ITE
II
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cl
ass
: C
he
mic
al
typ
e:
Ca 2
(CO
JF 2
An
hyd
rou
s ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
ha
log
en
(A
BM
X0
3)Zq
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
BM
198
0,19
3 T
iny,
ra
dia
tin
g, c
olou
rles
s pri
sma
tic c
ryst
als
on
phi
llips
ite.
Sch
ellk
opf,
nr.
Bre
nk,
Eife
l, G
erm
an
y (ty
pe lo
calit
y).
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
IR
28
64
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
KB
r d
isk
XR
D:
81
09
F (s
td)
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Ca
& F
onl
y
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m m
atch
es th
at g
iven
in t
he o
rigin
al d
escr
iptio
n, re
f. 3,
exc
ept fo
r th
e la
ck o
f a p
eak
in t
he
600
cm-1
reg
ion.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Leuf
er U
. &
Till
man
ns E
. (1
980)
Die
Kris
talls
truk
tur v
on B
renk
it, C
a2F2
C03
' T
sche
rmak
s Min
eral
ogis
che u
nd P
etro
grap
hisc
he M
ittei
lung
en,
27(4
), p
p.26
1-26
6.
(in G
erm
an w
ith E
nglis
h su
mm
ary)
.
2.
Fle
isch
er M
., C
hao
G.Y
. &
Pab
st A
. (1
979)
New
min
eral
nam
es.
Am
eric
an M
iner
alog
ist,
64(1
2), p
p.24
1-24
5.
3.
Hen
tsch
el G
., L
eufe
r U.
& T
illm
anns
E.
(197
8) B
renk
it, e
in n
eues
Kal
zium
Flu
or K
arbo
nat v
om
Sch
ellk
opf E
ifel.
Neu
es Ja
hrbu
chjU
r Min
eral
ogie
, Mon
atsh
efte
, 7,
pp.3
25-3
29.
(Ger
man
with
Eng
lish
sum
mar
y).
Ort
ho
rho
mb
ic
Pb
cn
[331
6]
3006
29
30
2856
25
71
2505
23
84 ?
18
08
1524
15
06
1455
11
89
1165
10
87
860
843
799
780
723
Pe
ak
Tab
le c
m-1
718
695
514
460
35
5
30
7
3~NV11IWSNV~1 %
[I B
RU
GN
A T
EL
LIT
E
II
I I
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Mg 6
Fe(C
O:J
(OH
)13 ·4
H 20
Hyd
rate
d ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
Mis
cella
neou
s
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
BM
191
0,56
0 B
ronz
e, m
icac
eous
coat
ing
on s
erpe
ntin
e.
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
T
orr
e S
an
Ma
rin
o, V
al M
alen
co, V
aite
llina
, Lo
mb
ard
ia, I
taly
. IR
2821
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
KB
r di
sk
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Mg
:Fe
= 4
:1 +
tra
ce M
n, N
i
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m is s
imila
r to
that
of s
jogr
enite
and
othe
r mem
bers
of t
he h
ydro
talc
ite gr
oup.
Ref
eren
ces:
l.
Bed
ogne
F.
& P
agan
o R.
(197
2)
Min
eral
Col
lect
ing
in V
al M
alen
co.
Min
eral
ogic
al R
ecor
d. 3
(3),
pp.
120-
123.
2.
Fen
oglio
Mas
sim
o. (1
938)
R
icer
che s
ulla
bru
gnat
ellit
e.
Per
iodi
co d
i M
iner
alog
ia. 9
(1),
pp.
1-13
.
Tri
go
na
l H
ydro
talc
ite (s
jogr
enite
) P
3 o
r p
j
Pe
ak
Tab
le c
m·1
3689
10
35
3528
10
28
3415
95
7 32
92
871
3025
77
5 23
59
722
2326
67
4 16
80
620
1653
59
0 15
48
436
1436
38
2 14
18
310
1384
13
65
1170
11
33
1079
10
57
UJ u :z:
-<
r- r- .....
:::E en
:z
: -<
a
: r- ~
IR28
21
10
0.0
6 40
-1
20·~
1~~
--~
--~
--~
~--
~--
~--
~~
--~
~~
--~
~--
~-r
--~
~-.
r-~
~--
~-r
--~
~~
4000
30
00
2000
BRUG
NATE
LLIT
E
1500
COMP
RESS
ED-W
AVEN
UMBE
RS
1000
50
0
22
5.0
II B
UR
BA
NK
ITE
II
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
(Na,
CaM
Sr,B
a,Ce
MCO
~5
Anh
ydro
us n
orm
al
carb
onat
e M
isce
llane
ous
RM
S 1
979.
25.4
M
on
t S
t Hila
ire,
Que
bec,
Ca
na
da
. IR
2912
K
Br
disk
41
84
Not
es
Com
pare
the
spec
trum
with
tha
t of t
he c
hem
ical
ly s
imila
r car
boce
rnai
te.
Ref
eren
ces:
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
1.
Gin
dero
w D
. (1
989)
Str
uctu
re of
Na 3
M3(
C0 3
)s
(M=
rare
ea
rth
,Ca
,Na
,Sr)
rela
ted t
o b
urba
nkite
. A
cta
Cry
stal
logr
aphi
ca, S
ectio
n C
, C
ryst
al S
truc
ture
Com
mun
icat
ions
, 45(
2), p
p.1
85
-18
7.
(in F
ren
ch w
ith E
nglis
h su
mm
ary)
.
2.
Eff
enbe
rger
H.,
Klu
ger F
., P
aulu
s H.
& W
oelfe
l E.R
. (19
85) C
ryst
al s
truc
ture
refin
emen
t of
burb
anki
te. N
eues
Jahr
buch
fUr M
iner
alog
ie. M
onat
shef
te, (4
), p
p.1
61
-17
0.
3.
Che
n T
.T.
& C
hao
G.Y
. (1
974)
Bur
bank
ite fr
om M
on
t S
t Hila
ire,
Que
bec.
C
anad
ian M
iner
alog
ist,
12(5
), p
p.34
2-34
5.
4.
Pec
ora W
.T.
& K
err
J.H
. (1
953)
Bur
bank
ite a
nd c
alki
nsite
, tw
o ne
w m
iner
als f
rom
Mon
tana
. A
me
rica
n M
iner
alog
ist,
38, p
p.11
69-1
183.
Hex
agon
al
Eite
lite
P6
imm
c
[343
1]
2925
28
58
2487
2
36
2
2334
17
73
1498
14
51
1411
13
91
1076
87
6 86
1 83
8 7
42
73
2 7
12
70
0
Pea
k T
able
cm
-1
466
303
i
C\I ~
0'1 C\I a: I-t
0 b b 1.0 C\I
0 0 ~
38NV11I~SNVt:ll %
0
o o ILl
o o o ~
o o ILl -
o o o C\I
o o o (T')
0 0 0 '<;f"
o ILl C\I C\I
en ffi OJ ~ ::J Z UJ > « 3: I
Cl UJ en en UJ a: Q.. ~ o u
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Ca
C0 3
An
hyd
rou
s no
nn
al c
arb
on
ate
A
(XO
J
CA
LC
ITE
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
BM
906
98 L
arg
e, t
ran
spa
ren
t, co
lour
less
clea
vage
rho
mb
, (Ic
ela
nd
spa
r).
Ice
lan
d.
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
IR
26
00
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
KB
r d
isk
XR
D:
26
34
F =
calc
ite
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
No
tes
Trim
orph
ous w
ith v
ate
rite
and
ara
go
nite
. For
ms a
ser
ies w
ith r
ho
do
chro
site
. T
he s
pect
rum
is t
ypic
al o
f all
anhy
drou
s trig
onal
car
bona
tes o
f the
cal
cite
gro
up i.
e. m
ag
ne
site
, rh
od
och
rosi
te, s
ide
rite
, sp
ha
ero
cob
alti
te, sm
ithso
nite
an
d o
tavi
te.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Whi
te W
.B.
(197
4)
The
car
bona
te m
iner
als.
In
: F
arm
er (E
d) T
he In
frar
ed S
pect
ra o
f Min
eral
s.
Min
eral
ogic
al S
ocie
ty o
f Lon
don,
Mon
ogra
ph N
o.4,
pp.
227
-284
.
2.
Adl
er H
.H.
&
Ker
r P
.F. (
1962
) In
frar
ed s
tudy
of a
rago
nite
and
calc
ite.
Am
eric
an M
iner
alog
ist,
47(5
,6),
pp.
700-
717.
Tri
go
na
l C
alc
ite
R3c
2980
29
31
2872
25
87
2515
21
70
1798
17
34
1429
11
62
1012
87
7 84
8 84
3?
713
482?
3
20
Pe
ak
Tab
le c
m-1
Ul
U
Z
<3:
t- t- .....
~ en
z <3:
a:
t- it!!
IR26
00
10
0.0
~
I~----
----~-
------
~,
8 6 4 2
O.'u,-
--r----,
_----~
----r_-
-_,----
~----_
r----,_
----~--
_r--_,
----r_-
-,_--~
--~r_-
-~--_r
--_,
----r_-
-,_--~
----r_-
-,_--_
r--_,---
-r_~
4000
30
00
2000
CALC
ITE
var.
Ice
land
Spa
r
1500
COMP
RESS
ED-W
AVEN
UMBE
RS
1000
50
0
22
5.0
II C
AL
LA
GH
AN
ITE
Ii
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Cuz
Mgz
(C03
)(O
H)6
'2H
zO
Hyd
rate
d ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
Mis
cella
neou
s
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
BM
197
8,33
4 T
hin
, vi
olet
lblu
e cr
ysta
llin
e cr
ust
on
ma
trix
. S
ou
rce
: S
pe
ctru
m r
ef.
no
.:
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: X
RD
: C
om
po
siti
on
:
Bas
ic M
inin
g C
o.,
Gab
bs, N
ye C
ou
nty
, Ne
vad
a, U
.S.A
. (T
ype
loca
lity)
. IR
2800
K
Br
disk
79
60F
(std
) C
u:M
g =
2:1
,2 w
ith t
race
Si &
S
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m m
atch
es th
at g
iven
in S
uhne
r (5-4
1 A
) fo
r ca
llagh
anite
from
the
sam
e loc
ality
.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Bru
nton
G.
(197
3)
Ref
inem
ent o
f the
Cal
lagh
anite
Str
uctu
re.
Am
eric
an M
iner
alog
ist,
58(5
6), p
p.55
1-19
73.
2.
Bec
k c.W
. &
B
urns
J.H
. (1
954)
C
alla
ghan
ite, a
new
min
eral
[Nev
.].
Am
eric
an M
iner
alog
ist,
39(7
,8),
pp.
630-
635.
Mon
oclin
ic
Hyd
rom
ag
ne
site
C
2/c
3685
35
64
3507
33
42
3244
30
53
2921
28
81?
2489
23
66
1928
18
45
1793
16
27
1567
14
62
1422
11
71
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m·1
1085
93
7 85
5 I
811
768
686
517
489
463
408
386
355
304
250?
o o ..-t
3~NVIIIHSNVt:J1 %
o
o o Ln
o o o ..-t
o Ln N N
en
~ ::E :::J Z
o ~ o <t 1.0 !!: ..-t I
o o o N
o o o rrJ
fil en en LLI
~ o u
II C
AN
A V
ES
ITE
II
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
Mg2
(CO
J(HB
03)·5
~O
Co
mp
ou
nd
carb
on
ate
M
isce
llan
eo
us
RM
S 1
980.
54.5
.
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
B
ross
o m
ine
, Ca
na
vese
dis
tric
t, P
iem
on
te, It
aly
. (T
ype
loca
lity)
. IR
29
25
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
KB
r d
isk
XR
D:
4118
C
om
po
siti
on
:
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m m
atch
es th
at in
Suh
ner (
5-63
A)
for
cana
vesi
te, fr
om th
e sa
me l
ocal
ity.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Fer
rari
s G.
&
Fra
nchi
ni A
.M.
(197
8)
Can
aves
ite, a
new
car
bobo
rate
min
eral
from
Bro
sso,
Ital
y.
Can
adia
n Min
eral
ogis
t, 16
(1),
pp.6
9-73
.
Mo
no
clin
ic
21m
?
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m·'
3407
15
11
1440
13
21
1159
11
08
1006
87
7 76
8 69
3 44
0 33
9
In ru m ru II ......
0 cd 0 0 0 In ...-1
3~NVllI~SNVI::I1 %
o o In
o o o ...-1
o o In .......
o o o ru
o o o CTl
0 0 0
""'"
o In ru ru
en
~ ::E :::::J Z LU > <2: 3: I o
LU en en LU II 0.. ::E o U
~ ...... en LU > <2: Z <2: U
CA
RB
OC
ER
NA
ITE
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
(Ca,
Na)
(Sr,
Ce,
Ba)
(CO
:J2
An
hyd
rou
s no
rma
l ca
rbo
na
te
Mis
cella
neou
s
NH
M u
nre
gis
tere
d.
Sa
rnu
, Ba
rme
r Dis
tric
t, R
aja
sth
an
, Ind
ia.
IR29
81
KB
r d
isk
8661
F
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Spa
ce g
rou
p:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Ca
:Na
:Sr:
La
:Ce
:Ba
= 1:
0,4
:0,4
:0,2
:0,2
:0'0
3 + m
ino
r Pr,
Nd
, S
m
No
tes
A c
hem
ical
ana
lysi
s and
des
crip
tion o
f thi
s m
ater
ial is
giv
en in
ref
. 1.
T
he s
pect
rum
is s
imila
r to,
but
dis
tingu
isha
ble f
rom
tha
t of
bu
rba
nki
te, w
hich
is c
lose
in c
ompo
sitio
n.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Wal
l F
., L
eBas
M.J
. &
Sriv
asta
va R.K
. (1
993)
Cal
cite
and
car
boce
mai
te ex
solu
tion a
nd c
otec
tic
stru
ctur
es in
a S
r, R
EE
-ric
h ca
rbon
atite
dyke
from
Raj
asth
an, In
dia.
M
iner
alog
ical
Mag
azin
e, 5
7, (
in p
ress
).
2.
Shi
Nic
heng
, M
a Z
hesh
eng &
Pen
g Z
hizh
ong
(198
2) T
he c
ryst
al s
truc
ture
of c
arbo
cem
aite
. K
exue
Ton
gbao
(For
eign
Lan
guag
e Edi
tion)
, 27,
(1)
, pp
.76-
80.
3.
Har
ris
D.C
. (1
972)
Car
boce
mai
te, a
Can
adia
n occ
urre
nce.
C
anad
ian M
iner
alog
ist,
11(4
), p
p.81
2-81
8.
Ort
ho
rho
mb
ic
Eit
elit
e?
P
mc2
1
[343
6]
2924
28
60
2516
17
71
1468
14
22
1185
11
24
1090
10
71
873
857
802
737
4.
Bul
akh
A.K
., K
ondr
at'e
va V.V
. &
Bar
anov
a E.N
. (1
961)
Car
boce
mai
te, a
new
rare
ear
th ca
rbon
ate.
71
6 Z
apis
ki V
seso
iuzn
oe Min
eral
ogic
hesk
oe Obs
hche
stvo
, 90, p
p.42
-49.
(In
Rus
sian
) 69
6 A
bstr
acte
d in:
Am
eric
an M
iner
alog
ist,
19
61
,46
, p.1
202.
63
7 61
2
Pea
k T
able
cm
-1
573
I 46
3 3
22
w ffi m ~ ~ z
C) w > C) ~
~ x ~ I
C W W W W ~ ~ ~ 0 u
C) C) C) N
3~NVllIHSNV~1 %
CA
RB
ON
AT
E-C
YA
NO
TR
ICH
ITE
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Ref
eren
ces:
CU
4AI2
(C03
,SO
,J(O
H)1
2'2H
20
Co
mp
ou
nd
carb
on
ate
M
isce
llan
eo
us
RM
S 1
98
8.1
8.1
. E
ng
le m
ine
, Plu
ma
s Co
un
ty, C
alif
orn
ia, U
SA
. IR
29
27
K
Br
dis
k 41
08
No
tes
1.
An
kin
ovi
ch E
.A.,
Gek
ht 1
.1. &
Zai
tsev
a R.I
. (1
963)
Z
apis
ki V
seso
yuzn
i Min
eral
ogic
hesk
oe O
bshc
hest
va,
92
, pp
.45
8-4
63
. A
bst
ract
ed
in A
mer
ican
Min
eral
ogis
t, 19
64, 4
9, p
p.4
41
-44
2.
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Ort
ho
rho
mb
ic
Cya
no
tric
hit
e
?
34
16
2
22
0
20
56
1
63
4
14
53
1
36
9
1101
1
03
0
883
74
7
65
2
60
5
56
8
50
5
44
5
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-7
Ul
u z <{
t- I- .... ~ en
z <{ a:
l- N
IR29
27
10
0.0
SO-::::
70
-1
6
50
."
II
4000
30
00
2000
CARB
ONAT
E-CY
ANOT
RICH
ITE
1500
COM
PRES
SED-
WAV
ENUM
BERS
1000
50
0
22
5.0
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Pb
C0 3
An
hyd
rou
s no
rma
l ca
rbo
na
te
A(X
OJ
CE
RU
SS
ITE
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
BM
192
6,18
7 T
ran
spa
ren
t, gre
y, tw
inn
ed
pla
ty c
ryst
als
. T
sum
eb
, Na
mib
ia.
IR2
67
9
KB
r d
isk
Pb
onl
y
No
tes
Com
pare
the
spec
trum
with
tha
t fro
m o
ther
mem
bers
of t
he a
rag
on
ite
grou
p.
Ort
ho
rho
mb
ic
Ara
go
nite
P
mcn
[343
9]
The
spe
ctru
m ha
s bee
n bas
elin
e sub
trac
ted to
rem
ove t
he e
ffect
s of s
catte
ring a
t hig
h w
aven
umbe
rs du
e to
29
24
the
refr
activ
e in
dex
diffe
renc
e bet
wee
n the
sam
ple a
nd K
Br
med
ium
. 27
30
2461
R
efer
ence
s:
2404
17
40
1.
Ge
vork
'ya
n S
.V.
& P
ovar
enni
kh O
.S. (
1983
) 17
27
New
infr
ared
spe
ctra
for
min
eral
s in
the
calc
ite a
nd a
rago
nite
grou
ps.
1429
D
opov
idi A
kade
miy
i Nau
k U
kray
ins'
koyi
RS
R,
1395
S
eriy
a B
: G
eolo
gich
ni, K
him
ichn
i ta
Bio
logi
chni
Nau
ki.
11, p
p.8-
12.
1102
(I
n R
ussi
an w
ith E
nglis
h su
mm
ary)
. 10
51
994
2.
Whi
te W
.B.
(197
4) T
he c
arbo
nate
min
eral
s. In
: F
arm
er (E
d), T
he In
frar
ed S
pect
ra of M
iner
als.
83
9 M
iner
alog
ical
Soc
iety
of L
ondo
n, M
onog
raph
No
.4, p
p.22
7-28
4.
824
698?
3.
G
risaf
e D
.A.
& W
hite
W.B
. (1
964)
67
8 P
hase
rela
tions
in t
he s
yste
m P
bO C
O2
and
the
deco
mpo
sitio
n of c
erus
site
. 47
4 A
mer
ican
. Min
eral
ogis
t, 49
(9,1
0), p
p.11
84-1
198.
24
2?
Pea
k T
able
em
-'
38NVllIWSNV~1 %
~nn C
OA
LIN
GIT
E
Ii
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Fez
Mgl
o(C
03)(
0H)2
4·2H
20
Hyd
rate
d ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
Mis
cella
neou
s
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
BM
197
7,10
2 B
ronz
e, th
in,
mic
aceo
us cr
ust
on
se
rpe
ntin
e.
Da
llas
Gem
min
e (n
ear)
, Sa
n B
enito
Co
un
ty, C
alif
orn
ia, U
.S.A
. IR
2820
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
KB
r di
sk
7962
F =
coal
ingi
te (s
ee n
otes
).
Mg
:Fe
:Mn
= 9:
2:0·
3
-
No
tes
---------
The
X-r
ay p
owde
r diff
ract
ion
patte
rn o
f thi
s sp
ecim
en di
spla
yed s
ome d
iffer
ence
s c.f
. P
DF
26-
1217
po
ssib
ly d
ue to
pre
ferr
ed or
ient
atio
n in
the
PD
F s
ampl
e. T
he s
pect
rum
diffe
rs fr
om t
hat s
how
n in
the
or
igin
al d
escr
iptio
n (re
f.3)
.
Ref
eren
ces:
l.
Del
nava
z H.
& A
Hm
ann
R.
(198
8)
Fe-
bruc
ite, c
oalin
gite
and
pyr
oaur
ite in
the
sys
tem
Mg
O-F
e-0
2-H
2O(C
0 2)
Pro
ceed
ings
an
d p
oste
rs; 6
6th
annu
al m
eetin
g of t
he G
erm
an M
iner
alog
ical
Soc
iety
. F
orts
chrit
te d
er M
iner
alog
ie, B
eihe
ft. 6
6(1)
, p.2
3.
2.
Pas
tor R
.J. &
Tay
lor
H.F
.W. (
1971
) C
ryst
al s
truc
ture
of c
oalin
gite
. M
iner
alog
ical
Mag
azin
e, 3
8(29
5), p
p.28
6-29
4.
3.
Mum
pton
F.A
., J
affe
H.W
. &
Tho
mps
on C
.S. (
1965
) C
oalin
gite
, a n
ew m
iner
al fr
om t
he N
ew Id
ria s
erpe
ntin
ite, F
resn
o and
San
Ben
ito C
ount
ies,
C
alifo
rnia
. Am
eric
an M
iner
alog
ist,
50(1
1,12
), p
p.18
93-1
913.
Tri
go
na
l S
jog
ren
ite
R3m
3696
36
41
3584
34
54
2928
23
63
2338
16
32
1585
13
84
1345
11
66
1078
10
24
958
799
778
570
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m·1
441
376
275?
,
38NVllIWSNV~1 %
CO
RD
YLI
TE
-(C
e)
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Ba
(Ce
,La
)iC
OJ3F
2
An
hyd
rou
s ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
(AB
)(X
OJZ
q
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
BM
192
4,85
4 P
ale
yello
w/g
reen
stri
ate
d he
xago
nal c
ryst
als
with
pa
risi
te.
Na
rsa
rsu
k, Ju
lian
eh
aa
b, G
ree
nla
nd
. (Typ
e lo
calit
y).
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
IR
2894
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
KB
r di
sk
XR
D:
8233
F =
co
rdyl
ite
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Ba
:Ce
:La
:Nd
= 1
·0:1
·0:0
·6:0
·1 w
ith t
race
Sr,
Ca
,Th
----
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m is m
ore
com
plex
than
thos
e of t
he c
hem
ical
ly s
imila
r ba
stn
asi
te, sy
nchy
site
and
pa
risi
te.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Zha
ng P
eish
an & T
ao K
ejie
. (1
985)
C
ordy
lite
in B
ayun
Obo
. S
cien
tia G
eolo
gica
Sin
ica,
(2),
pp.1
91-1
95.
2.
Che
n T
.T.
& C
hao
G.Y
. (1
975)
C
ordy
lite
from
Mon
t S
t. H
ilaire
, Q
uebe
c.
Can
adia
n Min
eral
ogis
t, 13
(1),
pp.
93-9
4.
3.
Don
nay
G.
& D
onna
y J.D
.H. (
1955
) C
ordy
lite
re-e
xam
ined
. G
eolo
gica
l Soc
iety
of A
mer
ica
Bul
letin
, 66(
12),
pt
2, p
.155
1.
He
xag
on
al
Ba
stn
asi
te
P6 3
/mm
c
[344
1]
2811
26
12
2528
24
76
1808
18
02
1774
14
86
1408
11
80
1091
88
1 85
7 80
2 71
9 69
0 63
4
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m"
513
464
405
250
3~NVllI~SNV~1 %
[ ~
~~
~
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
Na
Al(
CO
J(O
H)2
A
nh
ydro
us c
arb
on
ate
with
hyd
roxy
l or
ha
log
en
(A
BM
X0
3)Zq
RM
S 1
978.
2.
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
F
ran
con
qu
arr
y, S
t Mic
hel,
Mo
ntr
ea
l Isl
an
d, Q
uebe
c, C
an
ad
a.
IR2
93
5
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: K
Br
dis
k 40
96
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Ma
jor
Na
,Al
tra
ce F
e N
ote
s
Pea
k ass
ignm
ents
for
daw
soni
te ar
e di
scus
sed in
Far
mer
.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Ser
na C
.J.,
Gar
cia R
amos
J.V
. &
P
ena M
.J.
(198
5)
Vib
ratio
nal s
tudy
of d
awso
nite
type
com
poun
ds M
Al(O
H)2
C0 3
(M
=
Na,
K,
NH
4)
Spe
ctro
chim
ica A
cta,
Par
t A:
Mol
ecul
ar S
pect
rosc
opy,
41
, (5)
, pp
.697
-702
.
2.
Est
ep P
.A.
& K
arr
C.
Jr.
(196
8)
The
infr
ared
spe
ctra
of d
awso
nite
. A
mer
ican
Min
eral
ogis
t, 53
(1,2
), p
p.30
5-30
9.
3.
Fru
eh A
.J.J
r. &
Gol
ight
ly J
.P. (
1967
) T
he c
ryst
al s
truc
ture
of d
awso
nite
NaA
l(C
0 3)(
OH
)2
Can
adia
n Min
eral
ogis
t, 9,
pp.
51-5
6.
Ort
ho
rho
mb
ic
Daw
soni
te
Ima
m
3471
32
86
2819
27
58
2605
24
72
2098
19
78
1889
18
26
1773
17
20
1561
13
98
1097
95
3 86
3 84
8
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-7
731
694
549
517
487
394
363
306
284
252
Ln CTl m C\J a: I-<
0 cd 1.0
0 0 0 ......
3JNV11I~SNVtJl %
o o Ln
o o o ......
o o Ln ......
o o o C\J
o o o CTl
0 0 0 "'l"
o Ln C\J C\J
Ul
ffi OJ ::E :::::J Z Ul > « 3: I
CJ Ul Ul Ul UJ a: 0-::E o U
Ul I-1-1 Z o Ul 3: « CJ
II D
EFE
RN
ITE
II
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Ca 3
C0 3
(OH
,CI)4
· H20
H
ydra
ted
carb
on
ate
with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
Mis
cella
neou
s
RM
S 1
988.
7.7.
K
om
ba
t min
e, N
am
ibia
. IR
2913
K
Br
disk
41
01
No
tes
See
ref.
no.1
for
a di
scus
sion
of t
he m
iner
al fo
rmul
a an
d su
bstit
utio
ns.
Ref
eren
ces:
l.
Pea
cor D
.R.,
Sar
p H
., D
unn
P.J
., In
nes J
. &
Nel
en J
.A.
(198
8)
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Def
emite
from
Kom
bat M
ine,
Nam
ibia
; a s
econ
d occ
urre
nce,
stru
ctur
e ref
inem
ent, a
nd c
ryst
al
chem
istr
y.
Am
eric
an M
iner
alog
ist,
73(7
8), p
p.88
8-89
3.
2.
Lieb
ich
B.W
. &
Sar
p H
. (1
985)
T
he c
ryst
allin
e st
ruct
ure o
f def
emite
. S
chw
eize
risch
e Min
eral
ogis
che u
nd P
etro
grap
hisc
he M
ittei
lung
en, 6
5(2,
3), p
p.15
3-15
8.
3.
Sar
p H
., T
aner
M.F
., D
efem
e J.,
Biz
ouar
d H
. &
Li
ebic
h B
.W.
(198
0)
Def
emite
, a n
ew c
hlor
o-hy
drox
yl ca
lciu
m ca
rbon
ate.
B
ulle
tin d
e la
Soc
iete
Fra
ncai
se de
Min
eral
ogie
et d
e C
hris
tallo
grap
hie,
103
(2),
pp.
185-
189.
Ort
ho
rho
mb
ic
Hyd
rom
ag
ne
site
P
na2}
or
Pn
am
3575
29
27
2564
24
81
2363
23
34
1777
15
42
1467
14
14
1303
12
55
1211
11
87
1080
10
39
990
934
871
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m·1
859
766?
74
8?
738?
65
4 53
8 51
0 34
3
3~NVllI~SNVHl %
C) o C) N
C)
~ N N
~ ~
~~
~
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
M~n
2(C0
3)(O
H)16
·4H2
0
Hyd
rate
d ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
A",
Bn(
XO
JpZ
q ·x
H20
BM
197
8,60
2. T
iny
ora
ng
e/b
row
n pla
ty c
ryst
als
. S
an
Ben
ito C
ou
nty
, Ca
lifo
rnia
, U
.S.A
. IR
28
57
K
Br
dis
k 20
221 =
desa
utel
site
M
g:M
n =
6:1
·3 w
ith t
race
Si.
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m is s
imila
r to
thos
e of h
ydro
talc
ite, p
yro
au
rite
and
sjo
gre
nite
.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Du
nn
P.J
., P
eaco
r D.R
. &
Pal
mer
T.D
. (1
979)
D
esau
tels
ite, a
new
min
eral
of t
he p
yroa
urite
grou
p.
Am
eric
an M
iner
alog
ist,
64(1
,2),
pp.
127-
130.
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Tri
go
na
l S
jog
ren
ite
R3m
orR
3m
3591
34
52
1632
15
95
1380
13
49
1292
11
56
1080
10
17
997
661
613
401
Pe
ak
Tab
le c
m-1
3~NVllIWSNV~1 %
II D
OLO
MIT
E
II
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. N
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Ca
Mg
(C0 3)
2
An
hyd
rou
s no
rma
l ca
rbo
na
te
AB
(X0
3)2
BM
194
7,52
Wh
ite r
ho
mb
s on
qu
art
z.
No
rth
Poo
l min
e, Il
loga
n, C
orn
wa
ll. U
.K.
IR26
62
KB
r di
sk
Ca
:Mg
= 1
:1
pu
re
No
tes
For
ms
a se
ries w
ith a
nke
rite
and
kutn
oh
ori
te.
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Com
pare
the
spec
trum
with
tho
se o
f oth
er m
embe
rs of t
he d
olom
ite g
roup
i.e.
ank
erite
& k
utno
horit
e.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Dub
raw
ski J
.V.,
Cha
nnon
A.L
. &
War
ne S
.S.J
. (19
89)
The
effe
cts o
f su
bstit
utio
n in
the
dolo
mite
ferr
oan
dolo
mite
ank
erite
serie
s as
illus
trat
ed b
y F
TIR
. N
eues
Jah
rbu
chjU
r Min
eral
ogie
. Mon
atsh
efte
, 8,
pp.3
37-3
44.
2.
Rao
Yux
ue. (
1986
) In
frar
ed s
pect
rosc
opy u
sed
to id
entif
y m
iner
als o
f the
dol
omite
ank
erite
serie
s.
Geo
logy
and
Pro
spec
ting,
22, (
4),
pp.4
1-42
.
3.
Rak
chee
v A.D
. (R
akch
eyev
A.D
.).,
Rag
ab M
.A.
&
Ven
tslo
vaite
E.1
. (1
984)
D
iagn
osis
of c
alci
um, m
agne
sium
, and
iron
car
bona
tes a
ccor
ding
to li
ght
abso
rptio
n spe
ctra
. M
osco
w U
nive
rsity
Geo
logy
Bul
letin
, 39,
(6),
pp.6
6-71
.
4.
Far
mer
V.c
. &
W
arne
S.S
.J. (
1978
) In
frar
ed s
pect
rosc
opic
eval
uatio
n of i
ron
cont
ents
and
exce
ss
calc
ium
in m
iner
als o
f the
dol
omite
ank
erite
serie
s.
Am
eric
an M
iner
alog
ist,
63 (
7,8)
, pp.
779-
781.
Tri
go
na
l D
olo
mite
R3
3019
28
96
2628
25
28
1821
14
41
1090
88
2 85
3 72
9 36
9 32
3 26
2
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-t
I
3JNVIII~SNV~1 %
C)
~ ru ru
II D
ON
NA
YIT
E-f
YJ
Ii
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
---
NaC
aSr 3
Y (C
03)
6· 3
H20
H
ydra
ted
norm
al c
arbo
nate
A
",B
n(X
03)
p·xH
20
whe
re (m
+n
):p
= 1
:1
RM
S u
nreg
iste
red.
M
ont
St H
ilaire
, Q
uebe
c, C
anad
a.
IR29
19
KB
r di
sk
4556
Not
es
The
spe
ctru
m is
sim
ilar t
o th
ose
of w
ello
gani
te a
nd m
ckel
veyi
te.
Ref
eren
ces:
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
l.
Thi
T.T
.L.,
Pob
edim
skay
a Yeo
A.,
Nad
ezhi
na T.N
. &
Kho
mya
kov
A.P
. (1
984)
T
he c
ryst
al s
truc
ture
s of a
lkal
ine
carb
onat
es; ba
rent
site
, bon
shte
dtite
and
donn
ayite
. A
cta
Cry
stal
logr
aphi
ca, (
AJ: F
ound
atio
ns o
f Cry
stal
logr
aphy
, 40
(Sup
plem
ent)
, p.C
257.
2.
Cha
o G
.Y.,
Mai
nwar
ing
P.R
. &
Bak
er 1.
(19
78)
Don
nayi
te, N
aCaS
r3Y(C
03)6'
lf~O,
a
new
min
eral
from
Mon
t S
t Hila
ire,
Que
bec.
C
anad
ian
Min
eral
ogis
t, D
onna
y is
sue,
16
(3),
pp.3
35-3
40.
Tric
iinic
, ps
eudo
trig
onal
M
ckel
veyi
te
PI
Pea
k T
able
cm
-1
3418
72
0 32
80
697
2956
63
2 29
28
521
2857
46
4 25
83
413
2428
28
4 17
33
1684
15
23
1476
14
45
1396
13
59
1196
11
50
1061
85
5
:
3~NVIIIWSNV~1 %
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
DR
ES
SE
RIT
E
B8zA
I4(CO
J4(O
H)8·3
~O
Hyd
rate
d ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
A,..B
n(X
03)
pZq·
xH20
w
here
(m+
n):
p =
3:2
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Spa
ce g
rou
p:
BM
197
0,20
0 S
ilky
whi
te ra
dia
ting
fibre
s o
n m
atr
ix w
ith q
ua
rtz e
tc.
Ort
ho
rho
mb
ic
Alu
moh
ydro
calc
ite
Pbn
m
Spe
cim
en
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
F
ran
con
Qu
arr
y, S
t Mic
hel,
Mo
ntr
ea
l Isl
an
d, Q
uebe
c, C
an
ad
a. (T
ype
loca
lity)
. IR
2803
S
ampl
e m
ed
ium
: K
Br
disk
X
RD
: 15
672 =
dre
sser
ite
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Ba:
Al =
1:2·
3 w
ith tr
ace N
a,M
n,S
r.
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m m
atch
es th
at g
iven
in r
ef.
1,
with
the
addi
tion
of e
xtra
peak
s aro
und 2
900
cm-I .
T
he
3629
sp
ectr
um is s
imila
r to,
but
dis
tingu
isha
ble f
rom
that
of s
tron
tiodr
esse
rite_
34
85
3226
29
62
Ref
eren
ces:
29
23
2851
1.
F
arre
ll D
.M.
(197
7)
2585
In
frar
ed in
vest
igat
ion o
f bas
ic d
oubl
e ca
rbon
ate h
ydra
te m
iner
als.
21
32
Can
adia
n Min
eral
ogis
t, 1
5(3)
, pp.
408-
413.
18
48
1811
2.
Ja
mbo
r J.L
., F
ong
D.G
. &
Sab
ina A
.P.
(196
9)
1641
D
ress
erite
, the
new
bar
ium
ana
logu
e of d
unda
site
. 15
42
Can
adia
n Min
eral
ogis
t, 1
0(1)
, pp.
84-8
9.
1505
14
53
1376
11
71
1090
10
41
954
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-7
859
841
I
799
753
732
669
567
537
464
401
371
312
IT) o
o o 10
o o o ~
o o 10 ~
o o o N
o o o IT)
m 0 N 0
ES~~-'--.--r~--.--.~.-.--.--r-.--.--r--r-'--.--r-'--+--- ~ o o o ~
3~NVllIHSNV~1 %
o
o 10
Rl
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
DU
ND
AS
ITE
Pb
Al 2(
CO
J2(O
H)4
· H20
H
ydra
ted
carb
on
ate
with
hyd
roxy
l or
ha
log
en
A
.,.B
n(X
OJp
Zq ·x
H20
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
BM
192
7,18
14 W
hite
, fib
rou
s, r
ad
iati
ng
, bo
tryo
ida
l cru
st w
ith
cro
coite
.
Ort
ho
rho
mb
ic
Du
nd
asi
te
Pb
nm
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
A
de
laid
e P
rop
rie
tary
min
e, D
un
da
s, C
ou
nty
Mo
nta
gu
, Ta
sma
nia
, Au
stra
lia. (
Typ
e lo
calit
y).
IR2
79
5
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: K
Br
dis
k X
RD
: 7
95
8F
(std
) C
om
po
siti
on
: P
b:A
l =
1:1
·4 w
ith t
race
Si,F
e.
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m is c
lose
to t
hat s
how
n in
ref
. 1 , w
here
pea
k ass
ignm
ents
are
give
n, a
nd c
ompa
rison
s mad
e 35
96
with
the
spe
ctra
of d
ress
eri
te an
d st
ron
tiod
ress
eri
te.
3450
30
76
Ref
eren
ces:
29
26
2858
1.
F
arre
ll D
.M.
(197
7)
2484
In
frar
ed in
vest
igat
ion o
f bas
ic d
oubl
e ca
rbon
ate h
ydra
te m
iner
als.
22
77
Can
adia
n Min
eral
ogis
t, 15
(3),
pp.
408-
413.
21
97
2115
2.
C
occo
G.,
Fan
fani
L.,
Nun
zi A
. &
Zan
azzi
P.F
. (19
72)
1810
T
he c
ryst
al st
ruct
ure o
f dun
dasi
te.
1642
M
iner
alog
ical
Mag
azin
e, 38
(297
), p
p.56
4-56
9.
1523
15
06
3.
Fo
rd R
. J.
(19
67)
1400
A
new
ana
lysi
s of d
unda
site
from
Tas
man
ia.
1100
P
aper
s and
Pro
ceed
ings
o/t
he
Roy
al S
ocie
ty o/
Tas
man
ia, 1
01, p
.9.
967
925
885
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m·!
844
825
750
727
671
576
542
479
446
386
323
30
0
o o o ~
3JNVllIHSNV~1 %
o
o o
"'
o o o ~
o
"' gj
~ :E :::> z
o \l! o '" "' " ~ I
o o o no
o c c '"
fil en en UJ g: :E C U
DY
PIN
GIT
E
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Mgs
(C03
)4(O
H)2
·5H
20
Hyd
rate
d ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
Mis
cella
neou
s
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
BM
197
8,50
0 W
hite
bo
tryo
ida
l cry
stal
line a
gg
reg
ate
s, with
can
aves
ite.
Bro
sso,
Ivre
a, P
iem
onte
, Ita
ly.
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
IR
2786
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
KB
r di
sk
XR
D:
7857
F =
dyp
ingi
te o
r ve
ry n
ea
r M
g w
ith t
race
S.
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m m
atch
es th
at in
the
orig
inal
des
crip
tion (
ref.3
), a
nd is
als
o ve
ry c
lose
to t
hat o
f h
ydro
ma
gn
esi
te, ex
cept
in t
he 3
400-
3700
cm-!
regi
on.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Can
terf
ord I
.H.,
Tsa
mbo
urak
is G.
&
Lam
bert
R.
(198
4)
Som
e obs
erva
tions
on th
e pr
oper
ties o
f dyp
ingi
te, M
g 5(C
0 3)4
(OH
)2'5
I-\O
, and
rela
ted
min
eral
s.
Min
eral
ogic
al M
agaz
ine,
48(3
), p
p.43
7-44
2.
2.
Sm
olin
P.P
. &
Zib
orov
a T
.A.
(197
6)
Typ
es o
f wat
er, s
toic
hiom
etry
and
rela
tions
betw
een h
ydro
mag
nesi
te an
d ot
her h
ydra
ted m
agne
sium
ca
rbon
ates
. D
okla
dy-A
cade
my o
f Sci
ence
s of t
he U
SS
R" E
arth
Sci
ence
s Sec
tion,
226(
16),
pp.
130-
133.
3.
Raa
de G
. (1
970)
D
ypin
gite
, a n
ew h
ydro
us ba
sic c
arbo
nate
of m
agne
sium
, from
Nor
way
. A
mer
ican
Min
eral
ogis
t, 55
, pp.
1457
-146
5.
Mon
oclin
ic ?
H
ydro
ma
gn
esi
te
PI?
3650
35
10
3443
29
29
1601
14
84
1428
11
13
1097
94
4 88
3 85
5 79
9 71
8 66
5 59
6 42
5 38
1
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-!
to (Xl
" C\J a: ~
0 b b b (Xl to "'f
0 0 ...;
3:JNV 11 I WSNVI:U %
0 C\J
o o l.()
o o o ...;
o o l.() ...;
o o o C\J
o o o C11
0 0 0 "'f
o l.() C\J C\J
UJ a: UJ (Xl ::E ::J Z UJ > « 3: I
Cl UJ UJ UJ UJ a: 0-::E o (J
UJ r-~
(,!) z ~
0->-Cl
II G
AS
PE
ITE
II
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
(Ni,M
g,F
e)C
0 3 (s
ee no
tes)
A
nhyd
rous
no
nn
al c
arb
on
ate
A
(X0
3)
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
BM
198
5,49
7 P
ale
gree
nlye
llow
coat
ing
with
ka
mb
ald
aite
. O
tte
r Sho
ot, K
am
ba
lda
, Kal
goor
lie, W
est
ern
Au
stra
lia.
IR28
26
KB
r di
sk
6705
F (s
td)
Ni:M
g =
1: <
0·1
with
tra
ce F
e
No
tes
Tri
go
na
l C
alci
te
R3c
For
ms a
ser
ies w
ith m
agne
site
. Spe
cim
ens w
ith h
igh
nick
el a
nd lo
w i
ron
are
rare
, man
y I ga
spei
tes I
are
mag
nesi
an ga
spei
te or
nick
eloa
n mag
nesi
te. T
his
spec
imen
is c
lose
to th
e id
eal f
orm
ula
NiC
0 3•
Com
pare
the
spec
trum
with
tha
t in
Suh
ner (5
-29
A),
and
orig
inal
dat
a (r
ef.2
), w
hich
rela
te to
zin
cian
and
m
agne
sian
spec
ies.
Ref
eren
ces:
l.
Whi
te W
.B.
(197
4)
The
car
bona
te m
iner
als.
In
: F
arm
er (E
d) T
he In
frar
ed S
pect
ra o
f Min
eral
s.
Min
eral
ogic
al S
ocie
ty o
f Lon
don,
Mon
ogra
ph N
o.4
, pp.
227-
284.
2.
Koh
ls D
.W.
&
Rod
da J.
L. (
1966
) G
aspe
ite, (N
i,Mg
,Fe
)(C
0 3)
a ne
w c
arbo
nate
from
the
Gas
pe P
enin
sula
, Que
bec.
A
mer
ican
Min
eral
ogis
t, 51
(5,6
), p
p.67
7-68
4.
Pea
k T
able
em
-1
3511
34
83
3295
29
25
2859
25
02
1825
14
38
1086
96
5 87
1 75
3 53
1 37
4 24
0?
38NVllI~SNV~1 %
II G
A Y
LU
SS
ITE
II
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Na z
Ca
(C0 3)
z·5H
zO
Hyd
rate
d n
orm
al c
arb
on
ate
A
..,B
n(X
03)
p·x
HzO
whe
re (m
+n
):p
> 1
:1
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Mo
no
clin
ic
Ga
ylu
ssite
C
2/c
or
Cc
Sp
eci
me
n:
BM
197
4,21
7 C
olou
rles
s iso
late
d cr
ysta
ls.
La
ke A
mbo
seli,
Na
iro
bi,
Ke
nya
. S
ou
rce
: S
pe
ctru
m r
ef.
no
.:
IR2
78
3
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: K
Br
dis
k X
RD
: 7
85
4F
(std
) C
om
po
siti
on
: N
a &
Ca
onl
y
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m m
atch
es th
ose
from
spe
cim
ens fr
om o
ther
loca
litie
s, a
lso
that
of A
dler
& K
err
(re
f.4)
, but
no
t tha
t in
Sad
tler (
80).
The
spe
ctru
m is e
asily
dis
tingu
isha
ble f
rom
tha
t of t
he lo
wer
hyd
rate
, p
irss
on
ite.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Mag
lione
G.
& C
arn
M.
(197
5) I
nfra
red
spec
tra o
f sal
ine
and
silic
ate
min
eral
s fro
m th
e C
had
Bas
in.
Fr.
, O
ff R
ech.
Sci
. Tec
h. O
utre
Mer
, C
ah.,
Ser
. Geo
l., 7
, (1
), p
p. 3
-9.
2.
Whi
te W
.B.
(197
4) T
he c
arbo
nate
min
eral
s. In
: F
arm
er (
Ed)
The
Infr
ared
Spe
ctra
oj M
iner
als.
M
iner
alog
ical
Soc
iety
oj L
ondo
n, M
onog
raph
No
.4, p
p.22
7-28
4.
3.
Dic
kens
B.
& B
row
n. W
.E.
(196
9) T
he c
ryst
al s
truc
ture
of C
aNaz
(C03
)2'5
lIz0,
synt
hetic
gayl
ussi
te,
and
CaN
a2(C
03)2
'2H
20, sy
nthe
tic pi
rsso
nite
. Inor
gani
c C
hem
istr
y, 8
, pp
.209
3-21
03
4.
Adl
er H
.H.
& K
err
P.F
. (19
63) I
nfra
red
spec
tra,
sym
met
ry a
nd s
truc
ture
rela
tions
of
som
e car
bona
te
min
eral
s. A
mer
ican
Min
eral
ogis
t, 48
, pp.
839-
853.
33
45
29
66
2499
24
61
2393
17
87
1662
16
17
1444
14
14
1070
89
8 8
76
80
5 7
20
69
3 65
3 5
57
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-'
523
267
I
3~NVllI~SNV~1 %
. ~ N N
II G
LA
UK
OS
PH
AE
RIT
E
II
I
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
(Cu
,NiM
C0 3
)(O
H)z
A
nh
ydro
us c
arb
on
ate
with
hyd
roxy
l or
ha
log
en
(A
B>z
(XO
JZq
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
BM
198
4,38
1 B
lue
lgre
en
rad
iati
ng
aci
cula
r ag
gre
ga
tes,
wit
h r
osa
site
. T
sum
eb
, Na
mib
ia.
IR2
86
9
KB
r d
isk
40
82
F =
gla
uko
sph
ae
rite
C
u:N
i:M
g =
1·2
:0'8
:0·1
No
tes
Mo
no
clin
ic, p
seu
do
-ort
ho
rho
mb
ic.
Ma
lach
ite
(ro
sasi
te)
?
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m·1
The
spe
ctru
m is
clo
se to
tho
se o
f kol
wez
ite, m
cgu
inn
ess
ite an
d ro
sasi
te. A
lso
com
pare
with
ma
lach
ite
. 3
49
7
Mat
ches
the
part
ial s
pect
rum
show
n in
ref
.2.
32
47
15
28
1420
R
efer
ence
s:
1384
11
74
1.
Nic
kel E
.H.
& B
erry
L.G
. (1
981)
10
99
The
new
min
eral
nul
lagi
nite
and
add
ition
al d
ata o
n th
e re
late
d min
eral
s ros
asite
and
glau
kosp
haer
ite.
1049
C
anad
ian M
iner
alog
ist,
19,(
2), p
p.31
5-32
4.
852
828
2.
Del
iens
M.
& P
iret
P. (
1980
) 73
9 K
olw
ezite
, Cu-
Co
hydr
oxyc
arbo
nate
, anal
ogue
of g
lauk
osph
aeri
te an
d ro
sasi
te.
704
Bul
letin
de
la S
ocie
te Fra
nrai
se d
e M
iner
alog
ie e
t de
Cris
tallo
grap
hie,
103
, (2)
, p
p.1
79
-18
4.
669
556
3.
Pry
ce M
.W.
&
Just
J. (
1974
) 46
4 G
lauk
osph
aerit
e: A n
ew n
icke
l ana
logu
e of r
osas
ite.
406
Min
eral
ogic
al M
agaz
ine,
39,
(307
), p
p.73
7-74
3.
327
274
m to (X) ru c: ......
0 b b (X) to "<:t
0 0 ...-f
3JNVllIWSNVHl %
0 ru
o o La
o o o ..-t
o o La ...-f
o o o ru
o o o I"IJ
0 0 0 "<:t
o La ru ru
en c: 1.1.1 III ::E: ::::l Z UJ > <t 3; I
CI 1.1.1 en en UJ c: c.. ::E: o U
~ ...... 0: 1.1.1 <t ::l: c.. en o ~ ::::l <t ...J (.!)
HA
RK
ER
ITE
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
Ca
24
Mg
s[A
ISi4
(0,0
H)l
J2(B
03
MC
03
MH
2
0, C
I) *
C
om
po
un
d ca
rbo
na
te
Mis
cella
ne
ou
s
RM
S u
nre
gis
tere
d.
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
C
am
as M
ala
g, I
sle
of
Sky
e, H
igh
lan
d R
eg
ion
, Sco
tla
nd
, U.K
. IR
29
26
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
KB
r d
isk
XR
D:
9997
C
om
po
siti
on
: C
a:M
g:A
I:S
i:CI ~
1
2:5
:1:5
:0'5
+ t
race
Fe
(B n
ot d
eter
min
ed)
No
tes
* Id
ealis
ed un
it ce
ll co
nten
t. S
ee re
f. 1
for
a di
scus
sion
of t
he s
truc
ture
and
unit
cell
cont
ents
.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Giu
sepp
etti G
., M
azzi
F.
& T
adin
i C.
(197
7)
The
cry
stal
str
uctu
re o
f har
keri
te.
Am
eric
an M
iner
alog
ist,
62(3
,4),
pp.
263-
272.
2.
Ma
linko
S.V
. &
Kuz
nets
ova N
.N.
(197
3)
A n
ew fi
nd o
f sa
khai
te.
Zap
iski
Vse
soiu
znoe
Min
eral
ogic
hesk
oe O
bshc
hest
vo,
102(
2), p
p.1
64
-17
0.
(inc
lude
s com
pari
son w
ith h
arke
rite
& I
R s
pect
ra).
3.
Till
ey C
.E.
(195
1)
The
zon
ed co
ntac
t ska
rns o
f the
Bro
adfo
rd a
rea,
Sky
e; a
stu
dy o
f bo
ron
fluo
rine
met
asom
atis
m in
dolo
mite
s.
Min
eral
ogic
al M
agaz
ine,
29(2
14),
pp.
621-
666.
Tri
go
na
l, p
seu
do
-cu
bic
R3
m
-------
Pe
ak
Tab
le c
m-1
3685
61
2 34
35
585
2953
5
38
29
28
455
2859
40
3 25
94
31
9
2515
17
93
1734
15
15
1242
97
6 90
4 8
77
86
1 85
2 77
6 74
1 71
3
LO C\J C1 C\J a: .......
0 d 0 0 0 ...-1
3:JN\fllI~SN\ft:ll %
o o LCl
o o o ~
o o LCl ~
o o o C\J
o o o CT'J
0 0 0 .;;t
o
LCl C\J C\J
U) a: UJ CD :::E :J Z UJ > < 3: I o
UJ U) U) UJ a: 0-:::E o U
UJ r-....... a: ~ a: < :c
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
NiC
0 3·6
H 20
Hyd
rate
d n
orm
al c
arb
on
ate
A(
XOJ·
x~O
HE
LLY
ER
ITE
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
BM
195
9,53
4 B
lue/
gree
n pla
ty c
ryst
als
coa
ting
ma
trix
wit
h z
ara
tite
.
Mo
no
clin
ic
Ne
squ
eh
on
ite
C2
/c
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
L
ord
Bra
sse
y min
e, H
eaze
lwoo
d, C
ou
nty
Rus
sell,
Ta
sma
nia
, Au
stra
lia. (
Typ
e lo
calit
y).
IR2
79
7
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: K
Br
dis
k X
RD
: 7
94
8F
= a
mo
rph
ou
s (se
e not
es)
Ni
wit
h t
race
Cu
, Zn
, C
l C
om
po
siti
on
:
---
-
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m is v
ery
clos
e to
tha
t of z
ara
tite
, i.e.
the
helly
erite
may
hav
e de
hydr
ated
. P
revi
ous x
-ray
wo
rk o
n th
is s
peci
men
gave
pat
tern
s mat
chin
g tho
se in
the
orig
inal
des
crip
tion,
ref.
2.
Ref
eren
ces:
l.
Isaa
cs T
. (1
963)
T
he m
iner
alog
y and
che
mis
try o
f the
nic
kel c
arbo
nate
s.
Min
eral
ogic
al M
agaz
ine,
33(2
63),
pp.
663-
678.
2.
Will
iam
s K
.L.,
Thr
eadg
old I
.M.
& H
ouns
low
A.W
. (1
959)
H
elly
erite
, a n
ew n
icke
l car
bona
te from
Hea
zlew
ood,
Tas
man
ia.
Am
eric
an M
iner
alog
ist,
44(5
,6),
pp.
533-
538.
3411
29
26
2856
15
68
1422
11
61
1086
10
30
837
799
779
680
622
513
463
39
9
37
4
325
Pea
k T
able
cm
-7 ! I
~ en ~ 0 ru 0 ~ 0 ~~--~--~----~--~--~----~--~--~----~--~--~----~- ~
b CD m
3~NVllI~SNV~1 %
HU
NT
ITE
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l typ
e:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
S
ampl
e m
ed
ium
: X
RD
: C
om
po
siti
on
:
Ca
Mg 3
(CO
:J4
An
hyd
rou
s no
nn
al c
arb
on
ate
M
isce
llane
ous
BM
197
2,21
4 W
hite
pow
dery
nod
ule.
B
oq
uir
a, B
ah
ia, B
razi
l. IR
2669
K
Br
disk
S
ee no
tes
Ca
:Mg
~ 1:
3
No
tes
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Spa
ce g
rou
p:
The
spe
ctru
m m
atch
es th
at fr
om N
HM
x-r
ay s
tand
ard h
untit
e fr
om T
ea T
ree
Gul
ley,
Sou
th A
ustr
alia
. C
ompa
re th
e sp
ectr
um w
ith t
hose
from
oth
er m
embe
rs of t
he c
alci
te g
roup
.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Oza
o R
. &
Ots
uka R
. (1
985)
T
herm
oana
lytic
al in
vest
igat
ion o
f hun
tite.
Th
erm
ochi
mic
a Act
a, 8
6, p
p.45
-58.
2.
Sha
yan A
. (1
984)
S
tron
tium
in h
untit
es fr
om G
eelo
ng an
d D
eer P
ark,
Vic
toria
, A
ustr
alia
. A
mer
ican
Min
eral
ogis
t, 69
(5,6
), p
p.52
8-53
0.
3.
Sch
eetz
B.E
. &
Whi
te W
.B.
(197
7)
Vib
ratio
nal s
pect
ra of t
he a
lkal
ine
eart
h do
uble
car
bona
tes.
A
mer
ican
Min
eral
ogis
t, 62
(1,2
), p
p.36
-50.
Tri
go
na
l H
un
tite
(cal
cite
) R
32
2979
29
01
2584
25
46
1828
15
43
1508
14
63
1442
11
3 89
1 88
7 87
0 85
1 74
4 69
7 66
7 44
9
Pea
k T
able
cm
-'
386
283
249?
3~NVIII~SNV~1 %
II H
YD
RO
CE
RU
SS
ITE
II
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Pb 3
(C0 3
MO
H)2
A
nh
ydro
us c
arb
on
ate
with
hyd
roxy
l or
ha
log
en
(A
BM
XO
J2Z
q
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
BM
197
0,10
8 W
hite
lcol
ourl
ess p
laty
cry
sta
ls w
ith c
alci
te.
Me
reh
ea
d Q
ua
rry,
Me
nd
ip H
ills,
So
me
rse
t, U.K
. S
pe
ctru
m r
ef.
no
.:
IR2
75
0
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: K
Br
dis
k X
RD
: S
ee n
ote
s C
om
po
siti
on
:
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m m
atch
es th
at fr
om N
HM
, x-
ray
stan
dard
, BM
192
3,72
4 (P
riddy
, Som
erse
t), a
nd is
eas
ily
dist
ingu
ishe
d fro
m t
hat o
f cer
ussi
te.
Ref
eren
ces:
l.
Bili
nski
H.
& S
chin
dler
P.
(198
2)
Sol
ubili
ty a
nd e
quili
briu
m c
onst
ants
of l
ead
in c
arbo
nate
solu
tions
. G
eoch
imic
a et C
osm
ochi
mic
a Act
a, 4
6(6)
, pp.
921-
928.
2.
Bes
sier
e-M
oran
dat J.
, Lo
renz
elli
V.
& L
ecom
te J.
(19
70)
Det
erm
inat
ion a
nd a
ttri
butio
n o
f inf
rare
d ac
tive
vibr
atio
ns o
f so
me b
asic
carb
onat
es.
Jour
nal d
e P
hysi
que,
Par
is, 3
1, p
p.30
9-31
2.
He
xag
on
al
Hyd
roce
russ
ite
PI?
3530
34
50
2923
24
19
1736
16
31
1410
12
26
1099
10
46
850
781
693
683
620
468
393
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-7
UJ
U z « t- t- .... ::::E
Ul
Z « II
I--
~
IR27
50
10
0.0
B
6 4
20.'~
/--+----
.----r--
--r----r
---~---'
r---~--
~r-~r-
~--~--
~--~--
-'---'--
-'---'--
-'--~--
~--~-
-~--~
--~--~
~
4000
30
00
2000
HYDR
OCER
USSI
TE
1500
COM
PRES
SED-
WAV
ENUM
BERS
1000
50
0
22
5.0
HY
DR
OM
AG
NE
SIT
E
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Mg
s(C
03
M°
H)2
'4H
20
H
ydra
ted
carb
on
ate
with
hyd
roxy
l or
ha
log
en
M
isce
llan
eo
us
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
BM
197
5,59
7 W
hite
lco
lou
rle
ss bla
de
d cr
ysta
ls o
n s
erp
en
tine
. R
ed
Mo
un
tain
Dis
tric
t, S
an
ta C
lara
Co
un
ty, C
alif
orn
ia,
U.S
.A.
IR2
77
0
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: K
Br
dis
k X
RD
: 19
248
=
hyd
rom
ag
ne
site
M
g o
nly
C
om
po
siti
on
:
No
tes
See
Far
mer
for
a di
scus
sion
of t
he s
pect
rum
and
oth
er r
efer
ence
s to I
R w
ork
on h
ydra
ted m
agne
sium
ca
rbon
ates
. The
spe
ctru
m is
clo
se to
tha
t of d
ypin
gite
.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Nec
hipo
renk
o G.O
., S
okol
ova
G.V
., Z
ibor
ova
T.A
. &
Bon
dare
nko G
.P. (
1988
) H
ydra
ted h
ydro
mag
nesi
te. M
iner
alog
iche
skiy
Zhu
rnal
, 10
(1),
pp.
78-8
5. (E
nglis
h su
mm
ary)
.
2.
Can
terf
ord I
.H.,
Tsa
mbo
urak
is G.
& L
ambe
rt R
. (1
984)
S
ome
obse
rvat
ions
on
the
prop
ertie
s of d
ypin
gite
, Mgs
(C03
MO
H)2
'5H
z0 an
d re
late
d m
iner
als.
M
iner
alog
ical
Mag
azin
e, 48
(348
), p
p.43
7-44
2.
3.
Sm
olin
P.P
. & Z
ibo
rova
T.A
. (1
977)
Typ
es o
f wat
er, s
toic
hiom
etry
and
rela
tions
bet
wee
n hy
drom
agne
site
and
oth
er h
ydra
ted m
agne
sium
carb
onat
es.
Dok
lady
-Aca
dem
y of S
cien
ces o
f the
US
SR
" Ear
th S
cien
ces S
ectio
n, 2
26(1
,6),
pp.
130-
133.
4.
Whi
te W
.B.
(197
1) I
nfra
red
char
acte
rizat
ion o
f wat
er a
nd h
ydro
xyl i
on
in t
he b
asic
mag
nesi
um
carb
onat
e min
eral
s. A
mer
ican
Min
eral
ogis
t, 5
6(1
,2),
pp
.46
-53
.
Mo
no
clin
ic
Hyd
rom
ag
ne
site
P
21/c
----
---_
.. _-------------
36
50
3
51
6
34
52
32
37
2994
25
88
2541
14
83
1428
11
20
1109
8
84
85
3 7
86
74
7 71
4 59
6 47
2 43
6
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m"
37
9
33
7
250?
o o o .......
CD ID o
3JN'V 11 I v-l8N'VtU %
o o U'l
o o o .......
o o U'l .......
o o o C\J
o o o C11
o o o "'<t
o U'l C\J C\J
r.n 0: LU IJ) ::E ::::J Z LU > « ~ I
Cl LU r.n r.n LU 0: a. ::E o (J
LU f-...... r.n LU z (!) « ::E o 0: t:J >-:r:
HY
DR
O T
AL
CIT
E
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Mg6
AI2
(CO
JOH
16·4
H20
H
ydra
ted
carb
on
ate
with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
A".
Bn(
XO
JpZ q
·xH
20
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
BM
893
58 W
hite
, sof
t, m
icac
eous
mas
sive
with
ma
na
sse
ite.
Sn
aru
m, N
orw
ay.
(Typ
e lo
calit
y?).
S
pe
ctru
m r
ef.
no
.:
IR28
53
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: K
Br
dis
k X
RD
: 8
06
7F
= h
ydro
talc
ite +
slig
ht i
mp
uri
ty
Mg
& A
I on
ly
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
-~
~
--------
No
tes
Dim
orph
ous w
ith m
an
ass
eite
. T
he s
pect
rum
is s
imila
r to,
but
sim
pler
than
, tha
t of m
anas
seite
. It
has
an a
dditi
onal
pea
k at 1
632
cm-i
in c
ompa
rison
with
tha
t in
Suh
ner (
5-66
A)
hydr
otal
cite
.
Ref
eren
ces:
l.
Idem
ura S
., S
uzuk
i E.
& O
no Y
. (1
989)
E
lect
roni
c st
ate o
f ir
on c
ompl
exes
in th
e in
terla
yer o
f hyd
rota
lcite
like
mat
eria
ls.
Cla
ys a
nd
Cla
y M
iner
als,
37(
6), p
p.55
3-55
7.
2.
Her
nand
ez M
oren
o M
.J.,
Ulib
arri
M.A
., R
endo
n J.L
. &
S
erna
C.J
. (19
85)
IR c
hara
cter
istic
s of h
ydro
talc
ite-li
ke co
mpo
unds
. P
hysi
cs an
d C
hem
istr
y of M
iner
als,
12(
1), p
p.34
-38.
Tri
go
na
l S
jogr
enite
(hyd
rota
lcite
) R
3m
orR
3m
Pe
ak
Tab
le c
m-7
3573
35
10
2431
16
53
1632
15
83
1372
85
5 66
4 55
7 41
4
[T) In CD C\I a: 1--1
0 cd 0 0 0 ~
3~N\f 11 I ~SN\ft::U %
o o In
o o o ~
o o In ~
o o o C\I
o o o [T)
0 0 0 'o;t
o In C\I C\I
en ffi m :::E: ::J Z UI > <t 3; I
o UI en en UI a: a.. :::E: o (J
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
HY
DR
OZ
INC
ITE
Zn s
(CO
JZ(O
H)6
A
nh
ydro
us c
arb
on
ate
with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
(AB
>S<X
OJz
Z q
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Mon
oclin
ic
Au
rich
alc
ite
C2
/m
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
BM
193
4,97
5 W
hite
cha
lky
mas
sive
, with
tin
y co
lour
less
need
le-s
hape
d crys
tals
. G
oods
prin
gs, C
lark
Co
un
ty, N
eva
da
, U.S
.A.
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
IR27
54
KB
r d
isk
1692
F =
hyd
rozi
ncite
Z
n o
nly
No
tes
The
cha
lky
mat
eria
l gav
e a
muc
h m
ore
deta
iled
and
wel
l-res
olve
d spe
ctru
m th
an th
e as
soci
ated
colo
urle
ss
need
les (
also
hyd
rozi
ncite
).
Com
pare
the
spec
trum
with
tha
t of h
ydro
zinc
ite ("
Dor
ches
ter ty
pe")
IR
2755
.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Jam
bor J
.L.
(196
6)
Nat
ural
and
syn
thet
ic hy
droz
inci
tes.
C
anad
ian M
iner
alog
ist,
8(5)
, pp.
652-
653.
3300
32
43
2590
23
95
2104
17
67
1589
15
48
1507
13
90
1364
13
36
1068
10
48
953
893
836
738
710
Pea
k T
able
em
-'
692
517
467
389
375
316
280
265
38NV11IWSNV~1 %
o o o ru
II H
YD
RO
ZIN
CIT
E (
do
rch
est
er
typ
e)
II
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Zn s
(C0 3
M°
H)6
A
nh
ydro
us c
arb
on
ate
with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
(AB
>S<X
0 3)2
Zq
BM
198
3,45
2. T
hin
whi
te c
oatin
g.
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Pa
rc a
nd
Fuc
hesl
as m
ine,
Bet
ws-
y-C
oed,
Ca
ern
arv
on
shir
e, W
ales
, U.K
. IR
2755
K
Br
disk
48
81F
= h
ydro
zinc
ite (d
orch
este
r type
)
No
tes
The
spec
trum
is le
ss c
ompl
ex th
an h
ydro
zinc
ite IR
2754
, but
has
the
sam
e ove
rall
patte
rn.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Jam
bor J
.L.
(196
6)
Nat
ural
and
syn
thet
ic hy
droz
inci
tes.
C
anad
ian
Min
eral
ogis
t, 8(
5), p
p.65
2-65
3.
Mon
oclin
ic
Aur
icha
lcite
C
2/m
2359
25
84
2361
23
36
2102
17
74
1508
13
87
1047
95
0 88
8 83
4 73
8 70
8 47
4 36
7 29
6
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m·1
3~NVllIWSNV~1 %
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Ca
C0 3
·6H 2
0 H
ydra
ted
no
rma
l ca
rbo
na
te
A(X
OJ·
xH20
IKA
ITE
?
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
NH
M u
nre
gis
tere
d. B
row
n, tr
an
slu
cen
t, bip
yra
mid
al is
ola
ted
crys
tals
. B
arr
ow
, Ala
ska.
S
pe
ctru
m r
ef.
no
.:
IR2
87
7
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: K
Br
dis
k X
RD
: C
om
po
siti
on
:
No
tes
Ikai
te is
uns
tabl
e at r
oom
tem
pera
ture
and
is s
tore
d bel
ow O
CC
. Thi
s sp
ecim
en m
ay b
e pa
rtia
lly
deco
mpo
sed to
cal
cite
plu
s w
ater
. The
spe
ctru
m was
che
cked
by r
epea
ting a
s a
mul
l w
hich
gav
e an
id
entic
al re
sult.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Ken
nedy
G.L
., H
opki
ns D
.M.
& P
ickt
hom
W.l
. (1
987)
Ik
aite
, the
gle
ndon
ite pr
ecur
sor,
in e
stua
rine s
edim
ents
at B
arro
w, A
rctic
Ala
ska.
In
: D
icki
nson
, W.R
. (E
d) G
eolo
gica
l Soc
iety
of A
mer
ica,
19
87
annu
al m
eetin
g an
d e
xpos
ition
. A
bstr
acts
with
Pro
gram
s, G
eolo
gica
l Soc
iety
of A
mer
ica,
19(
7), p
.72
5.
2.
Sha
ikh
A.M
. &
She
arm
an D.l
. (1
987)
O
n ik
aite
and
the
mor
phol
ogy o
f its
pse
udom
orph
s.
In:
Rod
rigue
z C.R
. & T
ardy
Y.(
Eds
.) G
eoch
emis
try a
nd
min
eral
form
atio
n in
the
Ear
th s
Urfa
ce.
Con
s. S
uper
. Inv
est.
Cie
nt.,
Bar
celo
na, S
pain
, pp.
791-
803.
Mon
oclin
ic
Nes
queh
onite
C
2/c
or
Cc 34
67
2515
23
87
2258
17
97
1641
14
21
1082
87
7 71
0 68
0 61
4 57
1 31
6
Pea
k T
able
em
·7
3~NVllIWSNV~1 %
C)
~ ru ru
IND
IGIR
ITE
?
Fo
rmu
la:
Mg2
AI2
(C03
M°
H)2
'15H
20
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
onoc
linic
?
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
Hyd
rate
d ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
A..,
Bn(X
OJ p
Zq·x
H20
BM
197
4,52
1 W
hite
pow
dery
coa
ting
on
ma
trix
.
Min
era
l gro
up
: S
pa
ce g
rou
p:
?
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
ary
lakb
depo
sit, I
ndig
irki
Riv
er, Y
aku
tia, Y
aku
tsky
a, R
ussi
a. (T
ype
loca
lity)
. IR
2880
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
KB
r di
sk
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Mg:
AI
= 1
'2:1
? w
ith m
ino
r Si,
Ca
,P an
d tr
ace
Na
& F
e
No
tes
"An
inad
equa
tely
desc
ribed
spec
ies"
-re
f. I.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Fle
isch
er M
. (1
972)
N
ew m
iner
als n
ames
. A
me
rica
n M
iner
alog
ist,
57,
pp.
325-
329.
2.
Indo
lev
L.N
., Z
hdan
ov Y
u. Y
a., K
ashi
rtsev
a K.I
., S
ukne
v V.S
. &
Del
'yan
idi K
.1.
(197
1)
Mag
nesi
um an
d al
umin
um h
ydro
carb
onat
e; ne
w m
iner
al in
digh
irite
. Z
apis
ki V
seso
iuzn
oe Min
eral
ogic
hesk
oe Obs
hche
stvo
, 100(
2), p
p.17
8-18
3.
3460
20
73
1747
16
36
1543
15
13
1400
13
84
1360
11
13
1024
97
5 78
6 68
9 62
1 55
8 45
0 24
3
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-7
38NVllIWSNV~1 %
C)
m ru ru
C
KA
MB
AL
DA
ITE
II
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Ref
eren
ces:
Na
NiiC
0 3M
°H
)3'3
H20
H
ydra
ted
carb
on
ate
with
hyd
roxy
l or
ha
log
en
M
isce
llane
ous
RM
S u
nre
gis
tere
d.
Ka
mb
ald
a, W
est
ern
Au
stra
lia. (
Typ
e lo
calit
y).
IR2
93
9
KB
r d
isk
4257
M
ajo
r N
i a
nd
Na
onl
y
No
tes
1.
Nic
kel E
.H.
& R
obin
son B
.W.
(198
5)
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Kam
bald
aite
; a n
ew h
ydra
ted N
i N
a ca
rbon
ate m
iner
al fr
om K
amba
lda,
Wes
tern
Aus
tral
ia.
Am
eric
an M
iner
alog
ist,
70(3
,4),
pp.
419-
422.
2.
Eng
elha
rdt L
.M.,
Hal
l S
.R. &
Whi
te A
.H.
(198
5)
Cry
stal
str
uctu
re of
kam
bald
aite
, Na2
Nig
{C03
MO
H)6
·6H
p.
Am
eric
an M
iner
alog
ist,
70(3
,4),
pp.
423-
427.
He
xag
on
al
Hyd
rom
ag
ne
site
P
6 3
3519
34
83
2927
25
45
2499
24
57
2169
18
06
1619
14
71
1395
10
86
968
872
856
739
721
508
412
------------
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m·7
368
340
285
3GNVllIWSNV~1 %
o o o ru
I
KA
MO
TO
ITE
-(Y
)
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Ces
bron
F.
(198
7) Y
204(
U°
2MC
03)3
'14H
20
RM
S R
C36
92
Ka
mo
to E
st.,
Sh
ab
a, Z
aIre
. IR
2921
K
Br
disk
45
50
No
tes
-
New
min
eral
s; k
amot
oite
(Y)4
UO
iY,N
d,G
d,S
m,D
Y)2
03·3
C02
·14·
5lIz
0 M
iner
aux
et F
ossi
les,
Ie G
uide
du
Col
lect
ionn
eur,
146
, p.3
5.
2.
Del
iens
M.
& P
iret P
. (1
986)
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
---
Kam
otoi
te (Y
), a
new
ura
nyl a
nd ra
re e
arth
carb
onat
e fro
m K
amot
o, S
haba
, Zai
re.
Bul
letin
de
Min
eral
ogie
, 109
(6),
pp.
643-
647.
Mon
oclin
ic
Ru
the
rfo
rdin
e
P2
/a
-----
---------------------
--
- 3423
29
29
2857
24
57
1865
17
31
1606
15
37
1364
11
95
1151
11
22
911
742
660
509
366
280
Pe
ak
Tab
le c
m-1
o o oM
33NV 11 I WSNVtU %
o o lCl
o o o oM
o lCl N N
til
til III ~ ::J Z
o ~ o <{ lCl 3: oM I
o _0
o N
o _0
o CTl
o LLI til til LLI a: 0.. ~ o u
E I
~ H o l-e %
;2
I I
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
KIM
UR
AIT
E-(
YJ
CaY
2(C
03)4
'6H
20
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: H
ydra
ted
no
rma
l ca
rbo
na
te
Min
era
l gro
up
: S
pa
ce g
rou
p:
BM
198
6,32
Wh
ite
pe
arl
y a
gg
reg
ate
on
ma
trix
, K
irig
o,
Hiz
en-c
ho, H
iga
shi M
ats
uu
ra-G
un
, Sa
ga
Pre
fect
ure
, Ja
pa
n,
IR3
07
1
KB
r d
isk
5168
F (s
td)
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m is
ver
y cl
ose
to t
hat g
iven
in r
ef. 1
for
lokk
ait
e (p
oorly
rep
rodu
ced)
. X
-ray
diff
ract
ion
appe
ars t
o be
the
bett
er m
etho
d fo
r di
stin
guis
hing
kim
urai
te a
nd lo
kkai
te.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Nag
ashi
ma K
., M
iyaw
aki R
., T
akas
e J.,
Nak
ai I.
, S
akur
ai K
., M
atsu
bara
S.,
Kat
o A
. &
Iw
ano
S.
(198
6)
Kim
urai
te, C
aY2(
C03
)4'6
H20
, a n
ew m
iner
al fr
om f
issu
res i
n an
alk
ali o
livin
e ba
salt f
rom
Sag
a P
refe
ctur
e, Ja
pan,
and
new
dat
a on
lokk
aite
. A
mer
ican
Min
eral
ogis
t, 71
(7,1
2), p
p.10
28-1
033.
Ort
ho
rho
mb
ic
La
nth
an
ite
Im
m2,
Imm
m, 1
222
3431
29
63
2925
28
56
2382
22
96
1777
16
36
1522
13
92
1085
10
61
855
842
744
688
545
295
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m·1
o o In
o o o ....
o o In ....
o o o N
o o o m
.... ..... o 0 m 0
~~-T--'---r-~--~--~~---r--~-'---r--~-'r--r--'---~-~ o . o o ....
3~NVllIHSNV~1 ~
. o N
o In
RI
KO
LW
EZ
ITE
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
(CU
,CO
>z(C
OJ(
OH
)2
Anh
ydro
us ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
(AB
>z(X
OJZ
q
BM
198
5,31
1 P
ale
brow
n b
otr
yoid
al c
rust
. K
olw
ezi,
Sh
ab
a, Z
air
e. (
Typ
e lo
calit
y).
IR28
27
KB
r di
sk
6562
F (s
td)
Cu
:Co
:Mg
= 1
:0·6
:0·1
with
tra
ce M
n,
Fe,
Zn
, S
No
tes
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
The
spe
ctru
m is v
ery
sim
ilar t
o th
ose o
f ros
asite
, gla
uko
sph
ae
rite
and
mcg
uinn
essi
te, bu
t is
dist
ingu
isha
ble f
rom
tha
t of r
osas
ite in
the
340
0 an
d 70
0 cm
·! re
gion
s.
Als
o co
mpa
re m
ala
chite
. M
atch
es pa
rtia
l spe
ctru
m gi
ven
in r
ef. 1
.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Del
iens
M.
& P
iret P
. (19
80)
Kol
wez
ite, C
u C
o hy
drox
ycar
bona
te, an
alog
ue of g
lauc
osph
aerit
e and
rosa
site
. B
ulle
tin d
e La
Soc
iete
Fran
rais
e de
Min
eraL
ogie
et d
e C
rista
llogr
aphi
e, 1
03(2
), p
p.17
9-18
4.
Tri
clin
ic?
M
ala
chite
P
I o
r p
i
3474
32
49
2561
23
92
1774
15
43
1419
13
71
1103
10
50
854
828
740
709
676
554
532
420
333
~I
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m·1
277
o o ......
38NVIIIWSNVtll %
o
o o In
o o o ......
o o In ......
o o o OJ
o o o CT'J
o . In OJ OJ
en ffi al :::E :::J Z W > 4 ~ I
Cl W en en w a: 0.. :::E CJ U
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Ca(
Mn,
Mg,
Fe)
(CO
J2
An
hyd
rou
s no
rma
l ca
rbo
na
te
AB
(XO
J2
KU
TN
OH
OR
ITE
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
BM
196
9,28
3 P
ale
pin
k cl
eava
ge m
ass.
K
utn
a H
ora
, Pra
zska
zupa
, Boh
emia
, Cze
chos
lova
kia.
IR
2674
K
Br
disk
15
00 =
ku
tno
ho
rite
C
a:M
n:M
g:F
e =
1:0·
8:0'
2:0·
1
No
tes
Tri
go
na
l D
olom
ite
R3
For
ms a
ser
ies w
ith d
olom
ite a
nd a
nker
ite. T
he o
rigin
al m
ater
ial h
ad th
e co
mpo
sitio
n Ca(
Mn,
Mg)
(C0 3)
2 w
ith M
n:M
g =
5:2
i.e
clo
se to
thi
s sp
ecim
en. M
any
'kut
noho
rite'
spec
imen
s are
cal
cian
rhod
ochr
osite
or
man
gano
an ca
lcite
. T
he s
pect
rum
has
two
extr
a pe
aks a
t 841
and
679
cm
-! c.
f. s
pect
ra pu
blis
hed b
y S
adtle
r and
Suh
ner.
It
is d
istin
ct fr
om t
hat o
f dol
omite
and
is a
clo
ser m
atch
with
mem
bers
of t
he c
alci
te g
roup
.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Far
kas L
., B
olze
nius
B.
& W
ill G
. (1
988)
P
owde
r diff
ract
ion
data
and
uni
t cel
l of k
utna
horit
e. P
owde
r Diff
ract
ion,
3(3
), p
p.I7
2-17
4.
2.
Far
kas L
., B
olze
nius
B.H
., S
chae
fer W
. &
Will
G.
(198
8)
The
cry
stal
str
uctu
re o
f kut
naho
rite C
aMn(
C0 3
)2'
Neu
es la
hrb
uch
fUr
Min
eral
ogie
, Mon
atsh
efte
, (12)
, pp.
539-
546.
3.
Pea
cor D
.R.,
Ess
ene E
.J. &
Gai
nes A
.M.
(198
7)
Pet
rolo
gic a
nd c
ryst
al c
hem
ical
impl
icat
ions
of c
atio
n or
der d
isor
der in
kut
naho
rite [
CaM
n(C
0 3)2
]' A
mer
ican
Min
eral
ogis
t, 72
(3,4
), p
p.31
9-32
8.
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-1
[353
0]
2982
I
2864
26
01
!
2504
18
04
1424
10
89
1052
87
3 84
1 72
1 67
9 52
2 47
4 34
6 32
1
38NVIII~SNV~1 %
LAN
TH
AN
ITE
-(La
)
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
(La
, Ce
)iC
0 3)3
'8H
20
H
ydra
ted
no
rma
l ca
rbo
na
te
Am
Bn(
XO
Jp'x
H20
whe
re (m
+n
):p
< 1
:1
BM
197
5,19
2 P
ale
pink
bla
de
d cr
ysta
l agg
rega
tes.
V
ina
de
Uba
, Min
as G
erai
s, B
razi
l. IR
2893
K
Br
disk
82
34F
= la
nth
an
ite
La
:Nd
:Ce
::::: 1:
1:0
(La
slig
htly
> N
d)
NO
TE
S
The
X-R
ay p
owde
r pho
togr
aph m
atch
es PD
F30
-678
lant
hani
te (a
lso
La:::
:: N
d).
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral
gro
up
: S
pa
ce g
rou
p:
The
spe
ctru
m m
atch
es S
uhne
r (5-
59A
) la
ntha
nite
, but
has
an
extr
a pe
ak a
t 103
6 cm
-i po
ssib
ly d
ue to
im
purit
y.
Ref
eren
ces:
l.
Ate
ncio
D.,
Bev
ins
R.E
., F
leis
cher
M.,
Will
iam
s C
.T.
& W
illia
ms
P.A
. (1
989)
R
evis
ion
of t
he la
ntha
nite
grou
p an
d ne
w d
ata
for
spec
imen
s from
Bas
tnas
, Sw
eden
, and
Bet
hleh
em
U.S
.A.
Min
eral
ogic
al M
agaz
ine,
53(
5), p
p.63
9-42
2.
Dal
Neg
ro A
., R
ossi
G.
& T
azzo
li V
. (1
977)
T
he c
ryst
al s
truc
ture
of l
anth
anite
. A
mer
ican
Min
eral
ogis
t, 62
(1,2
), p
p.14
2-14
6.
Ort
ho
rho
mb
ic
La
nth
an
ite
P
bn
b
3359
32
05
2472
24
14
2274
18
49
1761
14
84
1377
10
79
[103
6]?
874
849
748
679
657
472
287
Pe
ak
Tab
le c
m·1
38NV11I~SNVHl %
II L
EA
DH
IL
LIT
E·
----
----
---
Ii
!
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Pb
iSO
J(C
0 3MO
H)z
C
om
po
un
d ca
rbo
na
te
Mis
cella
neou
s
RM
S 1
908.
13.5
Pa
le ye
llow
pla
ty c
ryst
als.
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Lead
hills
, La
na
rksh
ire
, Sco
tlan
d, U
.K.
(Typ
e lo
calit
y).
IR29
29
KB
r di
sk
3909
NO
TE
S
Trim
orph
ous w
ith s
usa
nn
ite an
d m
acph
erso
nite
. T
he s
pect
rum
is v
ery
sim
ilar t
o, b
ut d
istin
guis
habl
e fro
m,
thos
e of s
usan
nite
and
mac
pher
soni
te.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Rus
sell J
.D.,
Fra
ser A
.R.
& L
ivin
gsto
ne A
. (1
984)
Mon
oclin
ic
Su
san
nite
P
2/a
3472
33
80
2926
28
57
2413
17
35
1629
T
he in
frar
ed a
bsor
ptio
n spe
ctra
of t
he th
ree
poly
mor
phs o
f Pb
S0 4(
C0 3
)z(
OH
)2 (
lead
hilli
te, s
usan
nite
, 14
01
and
mac
pher
soni
te).
10
88
Min
eral
ogic
al M
agaz
ine.
48(
2), p
p.29
5-7.
10
55?
1042
2.
R
usse
ll J.D
., M
ilodo
wsk
i A.E
., F
rase
r A.R
. &
Cla
rk D
.R.
(198
3)
964
New
IR a
nd X
RD
dat
a fo
r le
adhi
llite
of i
deal
com
posi
tion.
85
9 M
iner
alog
ical
Mag
azin
e, 4
7(3)
, pp.
371-
5.
840
706
681
632
601
423
Pe
ak
Tab
le c
m-7
394
373
o o o ......
3!)NVllIWSNVtll %
o N
o o In
o o o ......
o In N N
en ffi m ~ :::::J Z
o ~ o -< In 3: ...... I
o o o N
o o o CT1
CI LU en en ~ 0.. ~ o u
LIE
BIG
ITE
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
Ca
iU0 2
) (C
0 3)3
' I1H
20
Hyd
rate
d no
rma
l ca
rbo
na
tes
A."B
n(X
03)p
'xH
20
BM
197
8,33
8 B
rig
ht y
ello
w c
ryst
al a
ggre
gate
s
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
chw
art
zwa
lde
r min
e, R
als
ton
Bu
tte
s, Je
ffe
rso
n C
ou
nty
, Co
lora
do
, U.S
.A.
IR28
60
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: K
Br
disk
X
RD
: 81
00F
C
om
po
siti
on
: C
a:U
=
1,6:
1 w
ith t
race
Si
NO
TE
S
The
spe
ctru
m is i
dent
ical
to t
hat s
how
n in
Suh
ner (
5-36
A)
for
liebi
gite
.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Urb
anec
Z.
& C
ejka
J. (
1979
) In
frar
ed s
pect
ra of l
iebi
gite
, and
erso
nite
, Yog
lite,
and
sch
r6ck
inge
rite.
C
olle
ctio
n o
f Cze
chos
lova
k Che
mic
al C
omm
unic
atio
ns, 4
4(1)
, pp.
1O-2
3.
Ort
ho
rho
mb
ic
Bb
am
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-1
3484
26
22
1624
15
49
1515
13
79
1155
10
70
893
846
823
799
742
523
316
286
242
238?
23
3?
0 LO OJ C\J a: ........
0 OJ LO -.;t
0 0 ...-1
38NVllIv-lSNVtJl %
cd C\J
0
o o In
o o o ...-1
o o In .......
o o o C\J
o o o rrJ
0 0 0 -.;t
o In C\J C\J
en a: UJ CD ::E :::l Z UJ > « ~ I
o UJ en en UJ a: 0-::E a u
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l typ
e:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
ampl
e m
ed
ium
: X
RD
: C
om
po
siti
on
:
Ca
Y 4(C
OJ,
.9H 2
0 H
ydra
ted
no
nn
al c
arb
on
ate
A
".Bn(X
OJ p
·xH
20
whe
re (m
+n
):p
< 1
:1
LO
KK
AIT
E
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
RM
S 1
980.
49.5
. T
iny
whi
te s
pots
on
ma
trix
, with
kai
nosi
te.
Eva
ns-
Lo
u m
ine,
Pol
timor
e, Q
uebe
c, C
an
ad
a.
IR29
51
KB
r di
sk
4141
NO
TE
S
Ort
ho
rho
mb
ic
La
nth
an
ite
C
mm
m
The
spe
ctru
m m
atch
es th
at s
how
n in
ref
. 1.
(poo
rly r
epro
duce
d) whi
ch is
ver
y cl
ose
to t
hat o
f kim
ura
ite.
3403
A
noth
er s
peci
men
from
this
loca
lity
gave
a s
light
ly d
iffer
ent s
pect
rum
, als
o cl
ose
to k
imur
aite
, pos
sibl
y 25
92
due
to th
e pr
esen
ce of t
enge
rite.
X-r
ay d
iffra
ctio
n ap
pear
s to b
e th
e be
tter m
etho
d for
dis
tingu
ishi
ng
1865
ki
mur
aite
and
10k
kaite
. 18
24
1784
R
efer
ence
s:
1636
15
10
1.
Nag
ashi
ma K
., M
iyaw
aki R
., T
akas
e J.,
Nak
ai I.
, S
akur
ai K
., M
atsu
bara
S.,
Kat
o A
. &
Iw
ano
S.
1410
(1
986)
10
91
Kim
urai
te, C
aY2(
C03
k6H
20, a
new
min
eral
from
fiss
ures
in a
n al
kali
oliv
ine
basa
lt fro
m S
aga
1066
P
refe
ctur
e, Ja
pan,
and
new
dat
a on
lokk
aite
. 86
5 A
mer
ican
Min
eral
ogis
t, 71
(7,1
2), p
p.10
28-1
033.
85
0 83
7 2.
M
iyaw
aki R
, T
akas
e J.
& N
akai
I. (
1986
) 76
5 C
ryst
al c
hem
istr
y of h
ydro
us ra
re e
arth
s car
bona
te m
iner
als;
the
crys
tal s
truc
ture
of t
enge
rite.
72
1 In
: P
rew
itt C
. T.
(Ed.
) Abs
tract
s and
prog
ram
me o
f the
Fou
rteen
th ge
nera
l mee
ting o
f the
68
7 In
tern
atio
nal M
iner
alog
ical
Ass
ocia
tion.
Pap
ers a
nd P
roce
edin
gs of t
he G
ener
al M
eetin
g 58
3 In
tern
atio
nal M
iner
alog
ical
Ass
ocia
tion,
p.17
3.
464
301
Pea
k T
able
em
·'
o o ~
38NVllIWSNVI:::ll %
o
o o Ln
o o o ~
o o Ln ~
o o o C\l
o o o (T')
o o o ~
o Ln C\l C\l
UJ a: UJ OJ ::E ::l Z UJ > « 3: I
D UJ UJ UJ UJ a: a.. ::E o U
.-.. G I
UJ I-...... « ::.::: ::.::: o ...J
II M
AC
PH
ER
SO
NIT
E· -
----
-Ii
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
Pb 4
(SO
J(C
0 3M
OH
)2
Com
poun
d ca
rbon
ate
Mis
cella
neou
s
RM
S 7
21.3
4.
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
Le
adhi
lls D
od,
Lead
hills
, La
nark
shire
, S
cotla
nd, U
.K.
(Typ
e lo
calit
y).
IR29
28
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: K
Br
disk
X
RD
: 21
91 a
nd 2
192
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Ma
jor
Pb
, S
with
tra
ce C
u, C
d
----_
.. _--
---_
._-
NO
TE
S
Trim
orph
ous w
ith le
adhi
llite
and
sus
anni
te.
The
spe
ctru
m is v
ery
sim
ilar t
o, b
ut d
istin
guis
habl
e fro
m,
thos
e of l
eadh
illite
and
sus
anni
te.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Rus
sell J
.D.,
Fra
ser A
.R.
& L
ivin
gsto
ne A
. (1
984)
T
he in
frar
ed a
bsor
ptio
n spe
ctra
of t
he th
ree
poly
mor
phs o
f Pb
S0 4
(C0 3
)2
(OH
}z
(lead
hilli
te,
susa
nnite
, and
mac
pher
soni
te).
M
iner
alog
ical
Mag
azin
e, 4
8(2)
, pp.
295-
297.
2.
Livi
ngst
one
A.
& S
arp
H.
(198
4)
Mac
pher
soni
te, a
new
min
eral
from
Lea
dhill
s, S
cotla
nd, a
nd S
aint
Prix
, F
ranc
e; a
pol
ymor
ph o
f le
adhi
llite
and
sus
anni
te.
Min
eral
ogic
al M
agaz
ine,
48(
2), p
p.27
7-28
2.
Ort
horh
ombi
c S
usan
nite
P2
1212
1
3482
34
32
2926
28
56
2416
17
55
1734
16
32
1410
13
62
1147
11
35?
1062
96
7 85
7 84
1 79
6 71
7 70
8
Pea
k T
able
cm
-t
701
691
687
681
626
616
588
388
325
UJ
C,.)
:z
« t- t- .....
::
E
en
:z
« a:
t- N
IR29
28
10
0.0
8 6 4
20.l~
I--+---
~----~
---r--
--r---
-r----
r----r
--~r-~
r-~r-~
r-~r-~
r--.---
.---,---
,---,---
.---.---
.--~--~
--~--~
~
4000
30
00
2000
MAC
PHER
SONI
TE
1500
COM
PRES
SED-
WAV
ENUM
BERS
1000
50
0
22
5.0
II M
AG
NE
SIT
E
II
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Ch
em
istr
y:
Mg
C0 3
Anh
ydro
us n
orm
al c
arbo
nate
A
(X0
3)
BM
194
8,54
7 L
arg
e g
reyl
whi
te tr
an
slu
cen
t rho
mb
. B
rum
ad
o, B
ahia
, Bra
zil.
IR2
64
8
KB
r di
sk
73
83
F (s
td)
Mg
onl
y
No
tes
Fo
rms
a se
ries w
ith g
aspe
ite an
d si
derit
e.
Com
pare
the
spe
ctru
m w
ith t
hose
of
oth
er m
embe
rs of t
he c
alci
te g
rou
p.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Bot
tche
r M.E
., G
ehlk
en P
.L.
& U
sdow
ski E
. (1
992)
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Infr
ared
spe
ctro
scop
ic inve
stig
atio
ns of t
he c
alci
te-r
hodo
chro
site
and
part
s o
f the
cal
cite
-mag
nesi
te
min
eral
ser
ies.
C
ontr
ibut
ions
to M
iner
alog
y an
d P
etro
logy
, 109
, pp
.30
4-3
06
.
2.
Du
bra
wsk
i J.V
., C
hann
on A
.L.
& W
arne
S.S
t.J.
(198
9)
Exa
min
atio
n of t
he s
ider
ite-m
agne
site
min
eral
ser
ies b
y F
ou
rie
r tra
nsf
orm
infr
ared
spe
ctro
scop
y.
Am
eric
an M
iner
alog
ist,
74
(1,2
), p
p.18
7-19
0.
3.
Pen
g W
en
shi.,
Liu
Gao
kui &
Ke
Liqi
n. (
1985
) In
fra
red
spe
ctra
stud
y o
f mag
nesi
te side
rite
serie
s.
Act
a M
iner
alog
ica
Sin
ica,
5(3
), p
p.22
9-23
3.
(In
Chi
nese
with
Eng
lish
sum
mar
y).
Tri
go
na
l C
alci
te
R3c
[342
5]
3051
2
92
2
2619
25
37
1831
14
46
1093
88
6 85
6 74
8 3
84
3
06
25
8
Pe
ak
Tab
le c
m-7
38NVllIWSNV~1 %
C)
un ru ru
II M
AL
AC
HIT
E:J
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
CU
2(C
03)
(OH
)2
An
hyd
rou
s ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
(AB
MX
03)Z
q
BM
280
43
Silk
y gr
een n
eedl
es on
lim
onite
. O
lone
tz, S
iber
ia, R
ussi
a IR
2734
K
Br
disk
. 41
76F
(std
) C
u o
nly
NO
TE
S
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
The
spe
ctru
m is s
imila
r to
thos
e o
f oth
er m
embe
rs of t
he ro
saite
gro
up i.
e. g
lau
kosp
ha
eri
te, ko
lwez
ite,
mcg
uinn
essi
te & r
osa
site
. P
eak a
ssig
nmen
ts are
give
n in
ref
.2.
Ref
eren
ces:
Mon
oclin
ic
Ma
lach
ite (r
osas
ite)
P2/
a
3404
33
13
2925
25
39
2423
20
75
1.
Tim
okhi
na L
.V.,
B
alits
kii V
.S.,
S
hapo
shni
kov A
.A.,
Bub
likov
a T
.M.,
Kov
alen
ko V
.S.,
Akh
met
ova
1841
G
.L.,
Dub
ovsk
ii A
.B.,
A
ndre
eva T
.G.
& S
hiro
nina
T.V
. (1
983)
18
04
Phy
sico
chem
ical
inve
stig
atio
ns of s
ynth
etic
mal
achi
te.
1494
S
ovie
t Phy
sics
, Dok
lady
, 28,
pp.
429-
30.
1421
1
39
0
2.
Gol
dsm
ith J
.A.
& R
oss S
. (19
68)
1097
T
he in
fra
red
spec
tra o
f azu
rite
and
mal
achi
te.
1047
S
pect
roch
imic
a Act
a, 2
4(A
), p
p.21
31-7
87
5 82
2 77
8 74
9 71
3 57
1
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-1
525
507
429
355
327
301
38NVIII~SNV~1 %
C) C) C) ru
II M
AN
AS
SE
ITE
II
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Mg6
Alz
(C03
)(O
H)1
6'4H
zO
Hyd
rate
d ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
Am
Bn(
X03
)pZq
.xH
zO w
ith (
m+
n):
p =
8
: 1
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
He
xag
on
al
Sjo
gre
nite
P
6im
mc
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
BM
893
58 B
luel
grey
, tra
nsl
uce
nt,
soft
, mic
aceo
us m
assi
ve w
ith h
ydro
tald
te.
Sn
aru
m, N
orw
ay. (
type
loca
lity)
S
pe
ctru
m r
ef.
no
.:
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: X
RD
: C
om
po
siti
on
:
IR28
52
KB
r di
sk
8068
F se
e not
es.
Mg:
AI
= 3
,7:2
Dim
orph
ous w
ith h
ydro
tald
te.
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m di
ffers
from
that
of h
ydro
talc
ite. S
ee n
otes
with
man
asse
ite sp
ectr
um IR
2793
. X
-ray
= m
anas
seite
with
som
e slig
ht d
iffer
ence
in 1
·50-
1·55
A re
gion
.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Kas
haye
v A.A
., F
eokt
isto
v G.D
. &
Pet
rova
S.V
. (1
983)
C
hlor
mag
alum
inite
(Mg
,Fe
)4A
IlOH
)dC
I,I/
zC0
3k2
H2
0 a ne
w m
iner
al o
f the
man
asse
ite sjog
reni
te
grou
p.
Inte
rnat
iona
l Geo
logy
Rev
iew
, 25(
7), p
p.84
8-53
.
2.
Tay
lor H
.F.W
. (1
973)
C
ryst
al s
truc
ture
s of
som
e dou
ble
hydr
oxid
e m
iner
als.
M
iner
alog
ical
Mag
azin
e. 3
9, N
o.30
4, p
p.37
7-89
.
3473
30
67
2438
23
36
1752
16
40
1366
10
80
928
863
768
675
555
445
393
Pea
k T
able
em
·1
o o o ~
38N'VIIIWSN'V~:U %
o
o o 10
o o o ~
o o 10 ~
o o o C\I
o o o (T)
o 10 C\I C\I
en ffi m :::E ::J Z UJ > « 3: I
fa en en UJ c: 0.. :::E o (.J
II M
AN
AS
SE
ITE
II
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Mg
6Al z
(C0 3
)(O
H)1
6'4H
zO
Hyd
rate
d ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
1\nB
n(X
03)
pZq'
xHzO
w
ith (
m+
n):
p =
8:1
Cry
sta
l syste
m:
Min
era
l gro
up
: S
pa
ce g
rou
p:
BM
198
2,44
6 O
ran
ge
bip
yra
mid
al c
ryst
als
in c
alci
te, w
ith m
ag
ne
tite
, Ja
cup
ira
ng
a Ap
atit
e Q
ua
rry,
Sao
Pa
ulo
, Bra
zil,
IR27
93
KB
r di
sk
2886
F =
man
asse
ite
Mg
:Al
~ 3
'3:2
? w
ith t
race
Fe
No
tes
Dim
orph
ous w
ith h
ydro
talc
ite,
Dis
tingu
isha
ble f
rom
oth
er m
embe
rs of t
he s
jogr
enite
grou
p.
See
als
o m
an
ass
eite
from
Sna
rum
, Nor
way
, IR
2852
-th
e tw
o m
anas
seite
spec
tra a
re a
lmos
t ide
ntic
al
desp
ite th
eir v
ery
diffe
rent
phy
sica
l form
s an
d as
soci
atio
n. The
Jac
upira
nga m
anas
seite
is f
ound
in a
n al
kalin
e ig
neou
s env
ironm
ent a
nd m
ay b
e re
late
d to
chlo
rmag
alum
inite
.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Kas
haye
v A.A
., F
eokt
isto
v G.D
. &
Pet
rova
S.V
. (1
983)
Hex
agon
al
Sjo
gren
ite
P6 3
/mm
c
3439
29
26
2859
24
12
1536
14
00
1355
10
81
Chl
orm
agal
umin
ite (M
g,Fe
)4A
lz{O
H)1
2 (C
I,I/z
C03
)2'2
&O
a n
ew m
iner
al o
f the
man
asse
ite sjog
reni
te
945
grou
p.
786
Inte
rnat
iona
l Geo
logy
Re
vie
w, 2
5(7)
, pp.
848-
53.
675
552
2.
Tay
lor H
.F.W
. (1
973)
45
1 C
ryst
al s
truc
ture
s of
som
e dou
ble
hydr
oxid
e m
iner
als.
39
4 M
ine
ralo
gic
al M
agaz
ine,
39(
304)
, pp.
377-
89.
245?
Pe
ak
Ta
ble
cm
-1
o o o ......
LO o
38NVIIIWSNVtll %
o o l.Cl
o o o ......
o o l.Cl ......
o o o C\I
o o o (TJ
o l.Cl C\I C\I
en a: LU CD :::E ::J Z LU > « 3: I
Cl LU en en w a: 0.. :::E o U
~ 1--1 LU en en « z « :::E
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l typ
e:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Na..(M
n,Fe,M
g>Z<
CO~4
(SOJ
Co
mp
ou
nd
carb
on
ate
M
isce
llan
eo
us
MA
NG
AN
OT
YC
HIT
E
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Spa
ce g
rou
p:
RM
S. U
nre
gis
tere
d. P
ale
yello
w c
ryst
al f
rag
me
nts
. M
ou
nt A
lluiv
, Lo
voze
ro m
ass
if, K
ola
Pe
nin
sula
, Ru
ssia
. (T
ype
loca
lity)
. IR
3062
K
Br
dis
k 90
62F
(std
) M
ajo
r N
a &
S,
min
or M
n,F
e,M
g
No
tes
A n
ew m
iner
al, s
uppl
ied b
y D
r A
.P.
Kho
mya
kov.
T
he m
anga
nese
cont
ent o
f thi
s sp
ecim
en is lo
w,
but t
he x
-ray
diff
ract
ion
pa
tte
rn ag
rees
with
tha
t of t
he
type
spe
cim
en an
d di
ffer
s fr
om th
at o
f tyc
hite
.
Cu
bic
T
ych
ite
(su
san
nite
) F
dJ
The
spe
ctru
m sh
ows s
light
pea
k shi
fts w
hen
com
pare
d to
that
of t
ych
ite
and
lack
s th
e th
ree
wel
l-re
solv
ed
peak
s bel
ow 5
00
em
-i.
[341
8]
2923
28
55
2611
25
03
1795
14
42
1420
13
85
1176
11
11
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Kho
mya
kov
A.P
. e
t al.,
in p
ress
.
874
829
799
710
631
515
467
351
Pea
k T
able
cm
-7
301
o o ~
3~NVllIWSNVt:ll %
o o In
o o o ...-I
o o In ...-f
o o o C\I
o o o CTJ
o o o "'I"
o In OJ OJ
Ul
ffi tIl ::E :::J
m > « 3: I
o LU Ul Ul LU g: ::E a c.J
~ ...... :r: c.J >-I-a z « CD z « ::E
II M
CG
UIN
NE
SS
ITE
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
(Mg,
Cu
MC
0 3) (O
H)2
A
nh
ydro
us c
arb
on
ate
with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
(AB
>S<X
0 3)2
Zq
BM
197
7, 4
63 P
ale
blue
coa
ting.
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Mon
oclin
ic
Ma
lach
ite (r
osas
ite)
P21
/a
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
M
ine
r's
Rid
ge, R
ed M
ou
nta
in, M
endo
cino
Co
un
ty, C
alif
orn
ia, U
.S.A
. (ty
pe lo
calit
y).
IR28
29
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: K
Br
disk
X
RD
: 80
80F
= m
cgui
nnes
site
or
ne
ar
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Mg
:Cu
~ 1
'1:0
'9 w
ith t
race
Si,F
e,C
a,A
l
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m is
sim
ilar t
o th
ose
of g
lauk
osph
aeri
te, ko
lwez
ite, r
osas
ite an
d m
ala
chite
35
46
3409
33
16
Ref
eren
ces:
29
21
2570
1.
E
rd R
.C.,
Ces
bron
F.P
., G
off F
.E. &
Cla
rk J
.R. (
1981
) 24
21
Mcg
uinn
essi
te, a
new
car
bona
te fro
m C
alifo
rnia
. 20
59
Min
eral
ogic
al R
ecor
d, 1
2(3)
, pp.
143-
147.
17
92
1548
14
32
2.
Pos
t! W
. &
G
olob
P.
(198
1)
1392
M
cgui
nnes
sit, (
Mg
,Cu
hC
OlO
Hh
aus
dem
Ser
pent
inge
biet
von
Kra
ubat
h, S
teie
rmar
k.
1101
(M
cgui
nnes
site
from
the
Kra
ubat
h se
rpen
tine m
assi
f, S
tyria
).
1050
M
ittei
lung
sbla
tt A
btei
lung
fur
Min
eral
ogie
am
Lan
desm
useu
m
Joan
neum
, 49,
pp.
15-2
1.
855
834
742
707
656
561
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m·1
533
499
424
383
330
269
w ~ w m ~ ~ z
C) w >
C) ~ ~ ~ ~ I
0 W W W W ~ ~ ~ CJ U
C) C) C) ru
3~NVI1IWSNVHl %
MC
KE
L V
EY
ITE
-(Y
J
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l typ
e:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
ampl
e m
ed
ium
: X
RD
: C
om
po
siti
on
:
Na
Ba 3
(Ca,
U)Y
(C0 3
k3
H10
H
ydra
ted
no
nn
al c
arb
on
ate
s A
,.,B
n(X
OJp
·xH
10 w
here
(m+
n):
p =
1:1
RM
S 1
979.
25.1
5. G
reen
ish y
ello
w c
ryst
als
. M
on
t St H
ilair
e,
Que
bec,
Ca
na
da
. IR
2949
K
Br
dis
k
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m is s
imila
r to
thos
e of w
elog
anite
and
donn
ayite
-(Y
).
Ref
eren
ces:
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Spa
ce g
rou
p:
1.
Vol
oshi
n A
.V.,
Sub
botin
V.V
., Y
avov
entc
huk:
V.N
., P
akho
mov
sky Y
.A.,
Men
shik
ov Y
.P.
& Z
aits
ev A
.N.
(199
0)
Mck
elve
yite
from
car
bona
tites
and
hydr
othe
rmal
ites o
f alk
alin
e ro
cks,
Kol
a P
enin
sula
. Z
apis
ki V
seso
yuzn
ogo M
iner
alog
iche
skog
o Obs
hche
stva
, 119,
pp.
76-8
6.
2.
Don
nay
G.
& D
onna
y J.D
.H. (
1971
) E
wal
dite
, a n
ew b
ariu
m ca
lciu
m ca
rbon
ate.
1.
Occ
urre
nce o
f ew
aldi
te in
syn
tact
ic in
terg
row
th w
ith m
acke
lvey
ite.
2. I
ts c
ryst
al s
truc
ture
. T
sche
rmak
s Min
eral
ogis
che u
nd
Pet
rogr
aphi
sche
Mitt
eilu
ngen
, 15,
pp.
185-
212.
2.
Milt
on C
., In
gram
B.,
Cla
rk J
.R. &
Dw
omik
E.J
. (19
65)
Mck
elve
yite
, a n
ew h
ydro
us so
dium
bariu
m ra
re e
arth
ura
nium
carb
onat
e min
eral
from
the
Gre
en
Riv
er fo
rmat
ion,
Wyo
min
g. A
mer
ican
Min
eral
ogis
t, 50
, pp.
593-
612.
Tri
go
na
l M
ckel
veyi
te
pj
3413
32
70
2927
28
50
1797
16
76
1515
13
90
1364
11
39
1062
10
17
856
723
694
648
603
425
Pea
k T
able
em
-7
o o o ...-t
3JNVllIVlSNVtll %
o LO
o o lCl
o o o ...-t
o o lCl ...-t
o o o C\J
0 0 0 (TJ
o o o ~
o lCl C\J C\J
(J)
ffi !Il ::IE: ::J Z LU > <C 3: I
D LU (J) (J) LU a: 0.. ::IE: o U
~ I
LU l-I-!
>-LU > -1 LU ~ U ::IE:
II M
INE
EV
ITE
-(YJ
Ii
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Na 2
SBa
Y2(
C03
)11(
HC
03M
S°
.J2F
2CI
Co
mp
ou
nd
carb
on
ate
C
ryst
al s
yste
m:
Min
era
l gro
up
: S
pa
ce g
rou
p:
RM
S, u
nreg
iste
red.
Sm
all p
ale
yello
w c
ryst
allin
e fr
ag
me
nts
. M
ou
nt A
lluai
v, L
ovoz
ero
mas
sif,
Kol
a P
enin
sula
, Ru
ssia
. IR
3068
K
Br
disk
90
63F
(std
) M
ajo
r N
a,B
a,Y
,S w
ith m
ino
r C
I,S
r,S
i, (F
not
sou
ght)
.
-_
.-
No
tes
A n
ew m
iner
al. M
ater
ial s
uppl
ied b
y D
r A
.P.
Kho
mya
kov.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
K
hom
yako
v A
.P.,
Pol
ezha
eva L
.I.,
Yam
nova
N.A
. &
P
usha
rovs
ky D.Y
u.,
in
pre
ss.
Hex
agon
al.
P6
3/m
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m"
[340
8]
1122
29
23
1071
28
55
1055
26
04
914
2555
89
2 24
33
877
2147
86
5 21
14
815
1781
76
6 17
44
724
1631
70
4 15
92
693
1535
68
8 15
06
645
I
1433
63
2?
1392
? 46
5 13
75
369
1361
30
4 11
47
257?
o o o N
o o o m
m w o 0 m 0
~~o~~--~-r~--~'--.--r-'-~--r-'--r-'r-.--r-'--'-d-+-- ~
o o ~
3~NVIIIWSNV~1 %
I I
MO
NO
HY
DR
OC
AL
CIT
E
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
Ca
C0 3
·H20
H
ydra
ted
no
rma
l ca
rbo
na
te
A(X
OJ·
xH20
BM
197
9,47
Bri
gh
t blu
e cr
ysta
llin
e cr
ust
.
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
So
urc
e
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
S
t. P
ierr
e m
ine,
Sai
nt-M
arie
-aux
-Min
es, A
isac
e, F
ran
ce.
IR27
53
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: K
Br
disk
X
RD
: 20
385
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Ca
onl
y (s
ee no
tes)
.
No
tes
The
blu
e co
lour
of t
he s
peci
men
is d
ue to
a v
ery
thin
sur
face
coat
ing
of c
upro
adam
ite.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Rid
kosi
l T.,
Sej
kora
J. &
Ond
rus P
. (1
991)
M
onoh
ydro
calc
ite from
pol
ymet
allic
vei
n of
the
Vra
ncic
e de
posi
t, ne
ar P
fibra
m, C
zech
oslo
vaki
a.
Neu
es la
hrb
uch
fUr
Min
eral
ogie
, Mon
atsh
efte
, pp.
289-
95.
2.
Cat
herin
e H.,
Ski
nner
W.,
Osb
aldi
ston
G.W
. &
Wiln
er A
.N.
(197
7)
Mon
ohyd
roca
lcite
in a
gui
nea p
ig b
ladd
er st
one,
a n
ovel
occ
urre
nce.
A
mer
ican
Min
eral
ogis
t, 62
(3,4
), p
p.27
3-77
.
Tri
go
na
l N
esqu
ehon
ite
P3
112
3319
32
32
2553
24
72
2270
21
35
1789
17
67
1703
14
84
1409
10
69
873
765
726
700
674
590
284
Pe
ak
Tab
le c
m-7
234?
i
[T'J 1!'l
" C\J a: t-!
b cd C\J
0 0 0 ~
38N'i'11 I ~SN'i'l:U %
o o 1!'l
o o o ~
0 0 1!'l ~
0 0 0 C\J
0 0 0 [T'J
0 0 0 ~
o 1!'l C\J C\J
en a: UJ OJ ~ :::J Z UJ > < ~ I
0 UJ en en UJ a: 0-~ 0 CJ
UJ l-t-!
CJ ..J < CJ 0 a: 0 >-:J: 0 z 0 ~
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
MO
NT
RO
YA
LIT
E
Sr4
A1s
(CO
J3[(O
H),F
]26'
10-1
1HzO
C
ryst
al s
yste
m:
Hyd
rate
d ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
Min
era
l gro
up
: S
pa
ce g
rou
p:
RM
S u
nre
gis
tere
d. C
rea
m/w
hite
mic
ro-h
em
isp
he
res.
F
ran
con
qu
arr
y, M
on
tre
al,
Que
bec,
Ca
na
da
. (Typ
e lo
calit
y).
IR3
00
3
KB
r d
isk
8791
F
Ma
jor
Sr a
nd
Al
plus
tra
ce S
,Na
,Ca
,Fe
--~
-----
----~
-
No
tes
Not
e th
e de
gree
of s
cale
expa
nsio
n req
uire
d due
to th
e sm
all s
ampl
e ava
ilabl
e, co
nseq
uent
ly on
ly th
e m
ajor
pea
ks ar
e lis
ted
in t
he p
eak t
able
. T
he s
pect
rum
mat
ches
that
sho
wn
in t
he o
rigin
al d
escr
iptio
n, re
f.1 b
ut w
ith im
prov
ed re
solu
tion.
It
rese
mbl
es th
at o
f alu
mo
hyd
roca
lcite
but i
s un
like
that
of t
he c
hem
ical
ly s
imila
r str
on
tiod
ress
eri
te.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Rob
erts
A.C
., S
abin
a A.P
., B
onar
di M
., J
ambo
r J.L
., R
amik
R.A
., S
turm
an B
.D.
& C
arr M
.J.
(198
6)
Tri
clin
ic ?
A
lum
oh
ydro
calc
ite ?
?
3518
34
80
3360
32
14
1662
15
47
1456
13
90
1051
M
ontr
oyal
ite, a
new
hyd
rate
d Sr-
AI
Hyd
roxy
carb
onat
e from
the
Fra
ncon
quar
ry, M
ontr
eal,
Que
bec.
99
0 C
anad
ian
Min
eral
ogis
t, 2
4, p
p.45
5-45
9.
896
833
750
610
556
486
372
304
------
-~
Pe
ak
Tab
le c
m-7
C) C)
C) C) ~
3~NVIIIWSNV~1 %
C)
C) m
C) C) ~
C) C) C) ~
C) C) C) ru
C)
~ ru ru
~ ~
~
~
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
Na
HC
0 3
Aci
d ca
rbo
na
te
Mis
cella
neou
s
BM
193
4,47
G
lass
y col
ourle
ss pri
sma
tic cr
ysta
ls.
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
earl
s La
ke, S
an B
ern
ard
ino
Co
un
ty, C
alif
orn
ia, U
.S.A
. IR
2875
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
KB
r d
isk
XR
D:
8148
F =
nah
colit
e (+
wea
k lin
e at
3·8
A)
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m m
atch
es th
at g
iven
in r
ef.
2.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Mag
lione
G.
& C
arn
M.
(197
5)
Spe
ctre
s infr
arou
ges d
es m
iner
aux s
alin
s et d
es s
ilica
tes n
eofo
rmes
dans
Ie B
assi
n tch
adie
n.
(Inf
rare
d sp
ectr
a of
salin
e an
d si
licat
e m
iner
als f
rom
the
Cha
d B
asin
). F
r.,
Off.
Rec
h. S
ci.
Tec
h. O
utre
Mer
, C
ah.,
Ser
. Geo
l. 7,
pp.
3-9
2.
Whi
te W
_B.
(197
4)
The
car
bona
te m
iner
als.
In:
Far
mer
(Ed.
) The
Infr
ared
Spe
ctra
of M
iner
als.
M
iner
alog
ical
Soc
iety
of L
ondo
n, M
onog
raph
No
.4, p
p.22
7-28
4.
3.
Nak
amot
o K.,
Sar
ma Y
.A.
& O
gosh
i H.
(196
5)
Nor
mal
coo
rdin
ate a
naly
ses o
f hyd
roge
n-bo
nded
com
poun
ds. IV
. T
he a
cid
carb
onat
e ion.
Jo
urna
l of C
hem
ical
Phy
sics
, 43,
pp.
1177
-118
1.
Mon
oclin
ic
Nah
colit
e P
21/
b
3438
30
75
2919
25
44
2268
20
43
1922
18
42
1731
16
96
1662
16
18
1453
14
99
1308
10
47
1033
99
9 83
7
Pe
ak
Tab
le c
m-1
814
697
658
3~NVllI~SNV~1 %
. U) ru ru
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
Mg(
HC
OJ(
OH
)'2~O
Aci
d ca
rbo
na
te
Mis
cella
neou
s
NE
saU
EH
ON
ITE
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
BM
192
1,53
Wh
ite ra
dia
ting
crys
talli
ne
cru
st w
ith a
nth
raci
te.
Mon
oclin
ic
Nes
queh
onite
P
2/n
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
N
esqu
ehon
ing,
La
nsf
ord
, Ca
rbo
n C
ou
nty
, Pe
nn
sylv
an
ia, U
.S.A
. (T
ype
loca
lity)
IR
2767
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
KB
r d
isk
XR
D:
7829
F =
nes
queh
onite
(+ g
iorg
iosi
te).
M
g w
ith t
race
Si,N
a,C
a,C
I C
om
po
siti
on
:
No
tes
The
spe
cim
en m
ay b
e a
mix
ture
due
to c
onve
rsio
n to/
from
gio
rgio
site
Mg5
(C03
MO
H)2
·5H
20
but t
he s
pect
rum
is c
lose
to t
hat o
f nes
queh
onite
show
n in
Far
mer
.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Suz
uki J
. &
Ito
M.
(197
4)
Nes
queh
onite
from
Yos
hika
wa,
Aic
hi P
refe
ctur
e, Ja
pan:
occu
rren
ce an
d th
erm
al b
ehav
iour
. Jo
urn
al o
f the
Jap
anes
e A
ssoc
iatio
n o
f Min
eral
ogis
ts,
Pet
rolo
gist
s an
d E
cono
nom
ic G
eolo
gist
s,
69(8
), p
p.27
5-28
4. (In
Eng
lish)
2.
Whi
te W
.B.
(197
1)
Infr
ared
cha
ract
eriz
atio
n of w
ater
and
hyd
roxy
l ion
in t
he b
asic
mag
nesi
um ca
rbon
ate m
iner
als.
A
mer
ican
Min
eral
alog
ist,
56(
1,2)
, pp.
46-
53.
3606
35
63
3443
33
58
3297
26
20
2511
21
94
1678
16
36
1591
15
31
1472
14
42
1100
10
29
932
854
794
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m"
748
706
662
627
500
443
390
272
o o o ~
3~NV 11 I WSNVI:U %
o
o o I!)
o o o ~
o o I!) ~
o o o C\J
o o o (T'J
o I!) C\J C\J
en ffi co ~ :::::J Z LU > « 3: I
Cl LU en en LU 0: n. ~ o (J
~ H Z o ::t: LU :::::J C!I (f)
~
NO
RS
ET
HIT
E
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Ba
Mg
(C0 3
)2
An
hyd
rou
s no
rma
l ca
rbo
na
te
AB
(X0
3)3
RM
S 1
976.
33.1
4 R
osh
Pin
ah
, Nam
ibia
. IR
2911
K
Br
disk
39
02
Ba
:Mg
= 0,
7:1
+ m
ino
r Mn
& t
race
Ca
,Na
,Fe
,Sr
-_
._
--
----
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m is s
imila
r to,
but
dis
tingu
isha
ble f
rom
, th
at o
f dol
omite
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Sch
eetz
B.E
& W
hite
W.B
. (1
977)
V
ibra
tiona
l spe
ctra
of t
he a
lkal
ine
eart
h do
uble
car
bona
tes.
A
mer
ican
Min
eral
alog
ist.
62(1
,2),
pp.
36-5
0.
2.
Whi
te W
.B.
(197
4)
The
car
bona
te m
iner
als.
In
: F
arm
er (E
d) T
he In
frar
ed S
pect
ra o
f Min
eral
s.
Min
eral
ogic
al S
ocie
ty o
f Lon
don,
Mon
ogra
ph N
o.4
, pp.
227-
284.
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Tri
go
na
l D
olom
ite
R32
[343
1]
2963
29
24
2873
26
49
2524
23
62
2335
18
02
1448
11
26
1116
88
0 85
3?
713
702
636
609
349
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-1
I
~
~ m 0 ru 0 ~ 0 ~~~-.--.--r--.-.--.--.--r--.-.--.--.--r--.-.--.--.--r--~- ~
3~NVllI~SNVHl %
o ~ ru ru
! i I
NO
RT
HU
PIT
E
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
Na 3
Mg
(C0 3
)2C
I A
nh
ydro
us c
arb
on
ate
with
hyd
roxy
l or
ha
log
en
(A
BM
X0
3)Z
q
BM
190
5,24
6 Is
ola
ted
gre
ylw
hite
oct
ah
ed
ra.
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
B
ora
x L
ake
, Sa
n B
ern
ard
ino
Co
un
ty, C
alif
orn
ia, U
.S.A
. IR
27
89
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
KB
r d
isk
XR
D:
78
84
F =
no
rth
up
ite
C
om
po
siti
on
: N
a:M
g:C
I ~
3:1
·2:1
w
ith t
race
Si.
No
tes
See
Far
mer
for
disc
ussi
on of t
he s
pect
rum
. T
he th
ree
stro
ng p
eaks
belo
w 5
00 c
m-!
are
beyo
nd th
e ra
nge
show
n by
Adl
er a
nd K
err
(196
3b).
Ref
eren
ces:
l.
Mag
lione
G.
& C
arn
M.
(197
5)
Spe
ctre
s infr
arou
ges d
es m
iner
aux s
alin
s et d
es s
ilica
tes n
eofo
rmes
dans
Ie B
assi
n tch
adie
n (I
nfra
red
spec
tra o
f sa
line
and
silic
ate
min
eral
s fro
m t
he C
had
Bas
in).
F
r., O
ff. R
ech.
Sci
. Te
ch. O
utre
Mer
, C
ah.,
Ser
. Geo
l. 7,
pp.
3-9.
2.
Pra
tt J
. H
. (1
896)
O
n n
orth
upite
; pirs
soni
te, a
new
min
eral
; gay
luss
ite an
d ha
nksi
te fr
om B
orax
Lak
e, S
an B
erna
rdin
o C
o.,
Cal
iforn
ia.
Am
eric
an Jo
urna
l of S
cien
ce 4(
2) p
p.12
3-35
.
Cu
bic
B
ast
na
site
F
dJ
[343
3]
2923
28
57
2659
25
58
2360
18
19
1629
14
63
1449
11
68
1090
10
19
880
Ze
itsch
rift
fiir K
rista
llogr
aphi
e,27
, pp.
416-
29 an
d (1
901)
Yal
e B
icen
. Pub
.Con
tr. M
iner
., pp
.261
-74.
85
6 79
8 71
3 67
2 3
97
Pea
k T
able
em
-1
336
273
38NVIII~SNV~1 %
C)
m ru ru
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l typ
e:
Naz
Ca (
CO
J2
An
hyd
rou
s no
rma
l ca
rbo
na
te
A2B
(XO
J2
NY
ER
ER
EIT
E
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
M 4
2171
Col
ourle
ss ta
bu
lar f
rag
me
nts
pick
ed fr
om
pow
dery
de
bri
s O
ldoi
nyo
Leng
ai vo
lcan
o, T
an
zan
ia. (
Typ
e lo
calit
y)
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
IR
2885
S
ampl
e m
ed
ium
: K
Br
dis
k X
RD
: 82
00F
(std
) C
om
po
siti
on
: N
a:C
a:K
= 1·
6:1·
0:0·
4 w
ith m
ino
r Sr,
Mg
, S
an
d tr
ace
P, B
a
No
tes
Spe
cim
en from
Roy
al O
ntar
io M
useu
m, C
anad
a N
yere
reite
may
be
iden
tical
to n
atro
fairc
hild
ite
Com
pare
the
spec
trum
with
tho
se o
f the
cal
cite
and
dol
omite
gro
up m
iner
als.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
McK
ie D
. &
Fra
nkis
E.J
. (19
77)
Nye
rere
ite; a
new
vol
cani
c ca
rbon
ate m
iner
al fr
om O
ldoi
nyo
Leng
ai, T
anza
nia.
Z
eits
chri
ftfU
r Kris
tallo
grap
hie,
145
, pp.
73-9
5.
2.
Fra
nkis
E.J
& M
cKie
D.
(197
3)
Sub
solid
us R
elat
ions
in t
he S
yste
m N
a 2C
0 3C
aC
0 3·H
2O
Nat
ure,
246
, pp.
124-
126.
Ort
ho
rho
mb
ic, p
seud
o-he
xago
nal
Eite
lite
C
mc2
1
Pea
k T
able
cm
-1
[344
1]
258
2983
28
99
2599
25
28
2337
17
95
1468
11
86
1144
11
08
1079
10
10
873
710
689
648
622
573
3~NVIII~SNV~1 %
II O
TA
VIT
E
Ii
i
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Cd
C0 3
An
hyd
rou
s no
rma
l ca
rbo
na
te
A(X
03)
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Tri
go
na
l C
alci
te
IUc
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
BM
191
4,10
70 W
hite
cru
st p
seu
do
mo
rph
ing
cup
rite
, with
ma
lach
ite on
cer
ussi
te.
Ota
vi, T
sum
eb
, Nam
ibia
. (T
ype
loca
lity)
. S
pe
ctru
m r
ef.
no
.:
IR26
53
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: K
Br
disk
X
RD
: 74
01F
(std
) C
om
po
siti
on
: C
d w
ith t
race
Pb
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m is a
clo
se m
atch
with
tha
t of s
ynth
etic
cadm
ium
carb
onat
e.
Com
pare
with
tho
se o
f oth
er m
embe
rs of t
he c
alci
te g
roup
.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Whi
te W
.B.
(197
4)
The
car
bona
te m
iner
als.
In
: F
arm
er (E
d) T
he In
frar
ed S
pect
ra o
f Min
eral
s.
Min
eral
ogic
al S
ocie
ty o
f Lon
don,
Mon
ogra
ph N
o.4
, pp.
227-
284.
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m·1
[340
6]
2923
28
54
2797
24
68
1800
14
07
860
834
723
465
293
3~NVllI~SNV~1 %
~ P
AR
AL
ST
ON
ITE
II
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Ba
Ca
(C0 3)
2
An
hyd
rou
s no
rma
l ca
rbo
na
te
AB
(XO
J3
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Tri
go
na
l A
rag
on
ite
P32
1
BM
197
2,25
4 T
iny
colo
urle
ss he
xago
nal b
ipyr
am
ida
l cry
sta
ls o
n w
ithe
rite
. M
ine
rva
min
e, C
ave-
in-R
ock,
Ha
rdin
Co
un
ty, I
llino
is,
U.S
.A. (
Typ
e lo
calit
y).
IR28
72
KB
r di
sk
8146
F (s
td)
Ba
& C
a o
nly
-_
._
---
-
No
tes
Trim
orph
ous w
ith a
lsto
nite
and
bary
toca
lcite
. [3
341]
T
he s
pect
rum
is d
istin
guis
habl
e fro
m th
at o
f als
toni
te on
ly in
the
700
cm
-1 re
gion
. 29
23
See
exp
ande
d det
ail.
2855
25
70
Ref
eren
ces:
24
92
2464
1.
E
ffenb
erge
r H.
(198
0)
1765
D
ie K
rista
llstr
uktu
r des
Min
eral
s P
aral
ston
it, B
aCa(
C0 3)
z 17
55
(The
cry
stal
str
uctu
re o
f par
alst
onite
).
1507
N
eues
Ja
hrb
uch
jUr
Min
eral
alog
ie,
Mon
atsh
efte
, pp
.353
-63.
14
86
1448
2.
R
ober
ts A
.C.
(197
9)
1409
P
aral
ston
ite; a
new
min
eral
from
the
Min
erva
No.
1 m
ine,
Cav
e in
Roc
k, Il
linoi
s.
1183
P
aper
s,
Geo
logi
cal S
urve
y o
f Can
ada,
C
urre
nt R
esea
rch,
P
art
C ,
79(1
,C),
pp.
99-1
00.
1085
10
64
903
898
893
862
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m"
855
838
708
700
693
691
682
518
466
297
242?
C\I
'" CD C\I a: ........
6 6 0 CD to ~
0 0 ......
3JNVIIIWSNVt:ll %
C\I 0
o o Ln
o o o ......
o o Ln ......
o o o C\I
o o o (T']
0 0 0 ~
o Ln C\I C\I
en ffi III ::E :::J Z LLl > « 3: I
Eil en en UJ a: Q. ::E o CJ
~ ........ z o I-en --1 « 0: « Q.
Ul C) ~ C) w m m
~ ~ Z ~ W ~ > 'n <C m 3: +J
~ ~
~ ~ ~ c m CL x ~ ~
C) C) w m r
~
z CJ r Ul ~ <C ~ <C ~
38NVllIWSNV~1 %
PA
RIS
ITE
-fee
)
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Ca(
Ce,
La>
z(C
OJ3F
2
An
hyd
rou
s ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
ha
log
en
(A
B)(
XO
JZq
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Spa
ce g
rou
p:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
BM
192
4,85
4 B
row
n s
tria
ted
ba
rre
l-sh
ap
ed
he
xag
on
al c
ryst
als
. N
ars
ars
sua
k, Ju
lian
eh
aa
b, G
ree
nla
nd
. S
pe
ctru
m r
ef.
no
.:
IR28
92
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: K
Br
dis
k X
RD
: 11
596 =
pa
risi
te
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Ca
:Ce
:La
:Nd
= 1
·0:0
·8:0
·4:0
·4 w
ith t
race
Fe
,Pr,
Y, T
h
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m m
atch
es th
at in
Suh
ner (
5-37
A)
with
the
exc
eptio
n of t
hose
peak
s due
to a
bsor
bed w
ater
.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Akh
man
ova M
.N.
& O
rlov
a L
.P.
(196
6)
Inve
stig
atio
n of
rare
-ear
th ca
rbon
ates
by
infr
a-re
d sp
ectr
osco
py.
Geo
khim
iya,
No
.5, p
p.57
1-57
8.
Tra
nsla
ted i
n: G
eoch
emis
try In
tern
atio
nal.,
3(3
), p
p. 4
44-4
51.
2.
Adl
er H
.H.
& K
err
P.F
. (19
63)
Infr
ared
spe
ctra
, sym
met
ry a
nd s
truc
ture
rela
tions
of s
ome
carb
onat
e min
eral
s.
Am
eric
an M
iner
alog
ist,
48, p
p.83
9-85
3.
Tri
go
na
l B
ast
na
site
R
3
[348
3]
3157
28
34
2493
23
48
1818
17
49
1457
[1
412]
10
76
1009
97
7 87
1 73
9 68
4 36
1 31
8 26
7 25
0
Pea
k T
able
cm
-'
o o o ...-1
3:JNVllI~SNVtll %
o
o o L!l
o o L!l ...-1
o o o C\J
o o o (TJ
o o o ..;t
o L!l C\J C\J
en a: LLl CD ::E :::J Z LLl > ~ 3: I
Cl UJ en en UJ a: 0. ::E o U
---. QJ
~ I
UJ f-...... en ...... a: ~ 0.
II P
HO
SG
EN
ITE
.
II
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Pb 2
(C0 3
)CI 2
An
hyd
rou
s ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
ha
log
en
(A
BM
X0
3)Zq
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
BM
851
66 Y
ello
w c
ryst
als o
n g
ale
na
with
pyr
ite
an
d a
ngle
site
. D
un
da
s, M
on
tag
u C
ou
nty
, Ta
sma
nia
, Au
stra
lia.
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
IR
27
10
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
KB
r d
isk
XR
D:
82
02
F =
pho
sgen
ite
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m m
atch
es th
at in
Suh
ner (
5-25
A),
pho
sgen
ite.
The
spe
ctru
m of
phos
geni
te sh
own
in S
adtle
r (90
) ha
s an
ext
ra p
eak
at 6
70 c
m·1
. C
ompa
re th
e sp
ectr
um w
ith t
hat o
f ba
rsto
wite
.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Sta
nley
c.J
., J
ones
G.C
., H
art A
.D.,
Kel
ler
P.
&
Lloy
d D
. (1
991)
B
arst
owite
, 3P
bCl 2·
PbC
0.J·
HzO
, a n
ew m
iner
al fr
om B
ound
s Clif
f, S
LEnd
ellio
n, C
ornw
all.
Min
eral
ogic
al M
agaz
ine,
55,
pp.
119-
123.
(c
ompa
rison
of p
hosg
enite
, cer
ussi
te an
d ba
rsto
wite
spec
tra)
Te
tra
go
na
l P
ho
sge
nite
P
4/m
bm
[342
2]
1817
17
10
1509
13
43
1128
10
62
836
811
758
648
639
464
311
Pea
k T
able
cm
·1
0 ...-i
" C\J 0: .......
10 b b CD LD
0 0 0 C\J ...-i
38NVIIIWSNVtll %
o o LO
o o o ...-i
o o LO ...-i
o o o C\J
o o o CT)
0 0 0 ....:t
o LO C\J C\J
en 0: UJ CD :::E ::J Z UJ > « 3: I o
UJ en en UJ 0: Q. :::E o (J
~ 1-1 Z UJ (.!J tf.I o :::r: 0...
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
PIR
SS
ON
ITE
N~Ca
(COJ
2·2H
20
Hyd
rate
d n
orm
al c
arb
on
ate
A
,..B
n(X
0 3)p
·H20
w
here
(m+
n):
p >
1:1
BM
197
2,20
6 C
olou
rles
s ta
bu
lar c
ryst
als
.
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Ort
ho
rho
mb
ic
Ga
ylu
ssite
F
dd
2
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
S
earl
es La
ke b
ore-
hole
, Sa
n B
ern
ard
ino
Co
un
ty, C
alif
orn
ia, U
.S.A
. (T
ype
loca
lity)
. IR
27
84
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
KB
r d
isk
XR
D:
78
56
F =
pir
sson
ite (w
ith a
n ad
ditio
nal li
ne a
t 3.3
A)
Na
:Ca
= 2
:1
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m m
atch
es th
at o
f Adl
er a
nd K
err
(196
3) a
nd is
dis
cuss
ed in
Far
mer
(197
4).
The
spe
ctru
m is e
asily
dis
tingu
ishe
d fro
m th
at o
f the
hig
her h
ydra
te ga
ylus
site
.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Hua
ng C
.K
&
Ker
r P
.F. (
1960
) In
frar
ed s
tudy
of
the
carb
onat
e min
eral
s.
Am
eric
an M
iner
alog
ist,
45,
pp.
311
-24.
2.
Pra
tt J
.H. (
1896
) O
n no
rthu
pite
; pirs
soni
te, a
new
min
eral
; gay
luss
ite an
d ha
nksi
te fr
om B
orax
Lak
e, S
an B
erna
rdin
o C
o.,
Cal
iforn
ia.
Am
eric
an J
ourn
al o
f Sci
ence
, (4
),2,
pp.
123
-35
Z
iets
chri
jt jU
r K
rista
llogr
aphi
e, 2
7, p
p.41
6-29
Y
ale
bice
nt.
Pub
., C
ontr.
Min
eral
., 19
01, p
p.26
1-4.
3326
32
19
3073
25
24
2461
23
49
1789
17
34
1488
14
17
1069
90
0 87
0 83
3 71
0 65
9 46
5 28
4
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-1
38NVllI~SNV~1 %
C) C) C) ru
II P
OK
RO
VS
KIT
E
II
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Mg 2
(C0 3
)(0H
)2 .
0'5
H20
(H
ydra
ted
) ? c
arb
on
ate
wit
h h
ydro
xyl o
r ha
loge
n A
mB
n(X
03)p
Zq 'x
H20
w
ith (
m+
n)
: p =
2:1
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
BM
198
8,74
P
ale
bro
wn
mic
ro-s
ph
ero
ida
l ag
gre
ga
tes.
K
CA
qu
arr
y, S
an
Ben
ito C
ou
nty
, Ca
lifo
rnia
, U.S
.A.
IR2
85
5
KB
r d
isk
66
10
F =
po
kro
vski
te o
r n
ea
r M
g o
nly
No
tes
Isos
truc
tura
l with
mal
achi
te. T
he s
pect
rum
is s
imila
r to
thos
e o
f the
rosa
site
grou
p, a
nd to
ma
lach
ite.
Mon
oclin
ic
Ro
sasi
te
P21
/a
3686
C
ompa
re al
so w
ith t
hat o
f art
inite
. The
pre
senc
e of H
20
is n
ot c
onfir
med
by t
he s
pect
rum
whi
ch m
atch
es
3575
th
at g
iven
in t
he o
rigin
al d
escr
iptio
n, re
f.3.
34
47
2928
R
efer
ence
s:
2291
17
80
1.
Whi
te 1
.S. (
1987
) 15
53
Pok
rovs
kite
, a c
omm
on m
iner
al.
1426
T
he M
iner
alog
ical
Rec
ord,
18,
pp.
135-
6.
1082
10
22
2.
Fitz
patr
ick,
1.1
. (19
86)
953
Pok
rovs
kite
; its
poss
ible
rela
tions
hip t
o m
cgui
nnes
site
and
the
prob
lem
of e
xces
s wat
er.
848
In:
C. T
. P
rew
itt (E
d),
Abs
trac
ts an
d pr
ogra
mm
e of t
he F
ourt
eent
h gen
eral
mee
ting o
f the
75
4 In
tern
atio
nal M
iner
alog
ical
Ass
ocia
tion,
p.l
Ol.
71
2 66
0 3.
Iv
anov
O.K
., M
alin
ovsk
ii Y
u.A
. &
M
ozhe
rin Y
u.V
. (1
984)
53
0 P
okro
vski
te, M
gz{C
0 3)(
OH
)2' 0
·5~0
, a
new
min
eral
from
the
Zla
togo
rska
ya laye
red
intr
usiv
e,
413
Kaz
akhs
tan.
Zap
iski
Vse
soyu
nzny
i Min
eral
ogic
hesk
oe Obs
hche
stva
, 113,
pp.
90-9
5.
336
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m·1
38NVIII~SNV~1 %
o o LCl
o o o ~
o o LCl ~
o o o C\J
o o o CT'J
o o o ~
o LCl C\J C\J
UJ a: w m ::E :::J Z W > « 3::: I
o W UJ UJ w a: a.. ::E o U
~ ...... ~ UJ > o ~ o a..
II P
YR
OA
UR
ITE
II
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
M~~
(CO
~(0H
)16·
4H
20
Hyd
rate
d ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
A",
Bn(
X03
)pZ
q·nl
IzO
with
(m
+n
):p
= 8
:1
BM
838
15 B
uff
col
oure
d hex
agon
al pla
ty c
ryst
als
. L
an
gb
an
, Fili
pst
ad
, Va
rmla
nd
, Sw
eden
. IR
2819
K
Br
dis
k 61
58F
= py
roa
uri
te
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Mg
:Fe
Rl
3·1
:1?
with
min
or S
i, A
I, C
a a
nd
tra
ce M
n
No
tes
Dim
orph
ous w
ith s
jog
ren
ite.
Th
e s
pe
ctru
m is
ide
ntic
al t
o th
at o
f sjo
gren
ite (lR
2818
).
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Han
sen H
.C.B
. (1
989)
C
ompo
sitio
n, st
abili
zatio
n, a
nd li
ght
abso
rptio
n of F
e(II)
Fe(
III)
hydr
oxy
carb
onat
e (gr
een r
ust)
. C
lay
Min
eral
s, 2
4, p
p.66
3-66
9.
2.
Has
hi K
., K
ikka
wa
S. &
K
oizu
mi M
. (1
983)
P
repa
ratio
n and
pro
pert
ies o
f pyr
oaur
ite lik
e hy
drox
y m
iner
als.
C
lays
and
Cla
y M
iner
als,
31,
pp.
152-
154.
Tri
go
na
l S
jog
ren
ite
R3m
orR
3m
3467
24
24
1632
15
88
1384
13
64
1166
10
86
685
588
427
377
291
Pe
ak
Tab
le c
m-1
: ,
o o o - o
38NVllI~SNVtll %
o o LCl
o o o -
o o LCl -
o o o ru
o o o (1")
o o o ~
o LCl ru ru
en a: LU co ::E :::J Z LU > ~ 3: I
o LU en en LU a: 0.. ::E o U
II R
HO
DO
CH
RO
SIT
E
II
I
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Mn
C0 3
Anh
ydro
us n
orm
al c
arb
on
ate
A
(X0
3)
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
BM
198
4,88
1 A
ggre
gate
s of s
mal
l pin
k rh
om
bo
he
dra
l crys
tals
. G
eevo
r min
e, P
ende
en, S
t. Ju
st in
Pen
with
, Co
rnw
all,
U.K
. IR
2651
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
KB
r di
sk
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Mn
:Ca
:Mg
~ 1'
0:0'
1:0'
03
No
tes
For
ms
a se
ries w
ith c
alci
te a
nd s
ider
ite.
The
spe
ctru
m m
atch
es th
ose o
f spe
cim
ens fr
om o
ther
loca
litie
s.
Com
pare
the
spec
trum
with
tho
se o
f oth
er m
embe
rs of t
he c
alci
te g
roup
.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Bot
tche
r M.E
., G
ehlk
en P
.-L.
& U
sdow
ski E
. (1
992)
In
frar
ed s
pect
rosc
opic
inve
stig
atio
ns of t
he c
alci
te-r
hodo
chro
site
and
part
s o
f the
cal
cite
-mag
nesi
te
serie
s.
Con
trib
utio
ns to
Min
eral
ogy
and
Pet
rolo
gy, 1
09, p
p.30
4-30
6.
2.
Che
ster
R.
& E
lder
field
H.
(196
7)
The
app
licat
ion o
f in
fra-
red
abso
rptio
n spe
ctro
scop
y to c
arbo
nate
min
eral
ogy.
S
edim
ento
logy
, 9, p
p.53
07-9
.
Tri
go
na
l C
alci
te
R3c
[342
9]
2924
28
50
2580
24
86
2128
18
01
1420
10
85
866
837
726
516
309
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-'
3~NVllIWSNV~1 %
C) C) C) ru
. ~ ru ru
RO
SA
SIT
E
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
(Cu
,Zn
MC
0 3)(
OH
)2
An
hyd
rou
s ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
ha
log
en
(A
BM
XO
JZq
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Mo
no
clin
ic
Ma
lach
ite
P
2l/a
Sp
eci
me
n:
BM
197
2,33
D
ark
gre
en
sph
eru
litic
ag
gre
ga
tes o
f la
th-l
ike
cry
sta
ls o
n c
alc
ite.
Tsu
me
b, N
am
ibia
. S
ou
rce
: S
pe
ctru
m r
ef.
no
.:
IR2
73
8
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: K
Br
dis
k X
RD
: 16
163 =
rosa
site
C
om
po
siti
on
: C
u:Z
n ~
1·6
:1 w
ith
tra
ce M
g &
Si
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m is
ver
y si
mila
r to
thos
e of o
ther
mem
bers
of t
he ro
sasi
te gr
oup
i.e.
gla
uko
sph
ae
rite
, ko
lwez
ite a
nd m
cgu
ine
ssite
, exc
ept in
the
700
cm
-! re
gion
. T
he s
pect
rum
is e
asily
dis
tingu
ishe
d fro
m t
hat o
f the
che
mic
ally
rela
ted a
uri
cha
lcit
e.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Sch
met
zer K
. &
T
rem
mel
G.
(198
1)
Mcg
uinn
essi
t (Mg,
Cu)
2 C
0 3 (O
H)2
au
s BO
ll A
:z:li!
r, M
arok
ko; e
in n
euer
Fun
dpun
kt
(Mcg
uinn
essi
te from
Bou
Azz
er, M
oroc
co; a
new
dis
cove
ry).
N
eues
Jahr
buch
jUr M
iner
alal
ogie
, Mon
atsh
ejte
, pp.
443-
51.
2.
Nic
kel E
.H.
& B
erry
L.G
. (1
981)
T
he n
ew m
iner
al n
ulla
gini
te a
nd a
dditi
onal
dat
a o
n th
e re
late
d min
eral
s ros
asite
and
glau
kosp
haer
ite.
Can
adia
n Min
eral
ogis
t, 19
(2),
pp.
315-
324.
3.
Bra
ithw
aite
R.S
. &
Ryb
ack G
. (1
963)
R
osas
ite, a
uric
halc
ite, a
nd a
ssoc
iate
d min
eral
s fro
m H
eigh
ts o
f A
brah
am, M
atlo
ck B
ath,
Der
bysh
ire,
w
ith a
not
e o
n in
fra-
red
spec
tra.
Min
eral
ogic
al M
agaz
ine,
33, p
p.44
1-44
9.
34
94
34
27
32
45
29
28
2545
24
03
2068
17
80
1515
14
19
1384
11
65
1100
10
49
85
4
82
8
73
9
70
6
671
11
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-7
55
5
459
409
33
0
277
I
00 (T) F"-C\J a: I-<
b a (\/
0 0 0 ....-1
3~NVIII~SNVI:I1 %
a a In
a a a ....-1
o a In ....-1
a a a (\/
a a a (T)
a a a -.;t
a 1.0 (\/ C\J
UJ
ffi aJ ::E :::J Z UJ > <{ 3: I a
UJ UJ UJ UJ a: n. ::E o U
UJ l-I-<
UJ « tn o 0:
, ~ O
O~~
~ ~
Fo
rmu
la:
Cu z
OiU
OzM
C0 3
M0H
)2 ·4
HzO
C
he
mic
al c
lass
: C
he
mic
al
typ
e:
Hyd
rate
d ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
Mis
cella
neou
s
Sp
eci
me
n:
C36
63 P
ale
gree
n fib
rous
. S
ou
rce
: S
pe
ctru
m r
ef.
no
.:
Kam
oto-
Oliv
era-V
irgul
e m
ine,
Sh
ab
a, Z
air
e.
IR29
15
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: K
Br
disk
X
RD
: 45
68
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Cu
:U =
2
:3·6
--
--
--
No
tes
Spe
cim
en from
Ins
titut
Roy
al d
es S
cien
ces N
atur
elle
de
Bel
giqu
e, B
russ
els.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Gin
dero
w D
. &
C
esbr
on F.
(198
5)
Str
uctu
re de
la r
ouba
ultit
e, C
UiU
02M
C03
)PZ
<0H
)2'4
H20
(S
truc
ture
of r
ouba
ultit
e).
Act
a C
ryst
allo
grap
hica
, 41(
C),
pp.
654-
657.
2.
Ces
bron
F.,
Pie
rrot
R.
& V
erbe
ek T
. (1
970)
La
rou
baul
tite
CU
2(U
02M
OH
)1O
'5H
20 u
ne n
ouve
lle e
spec
e min
eral
e.
(Rou
baul
tite a
new
min
eral
spe
cies
).
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
---
--
Bul
letin
de
La S
ocie
te fran
cais
e de
Min
eraL
ogie
et d
e C
rista
llogr
aphi
e, 9
3, p
p.55
0-55
4.
Tri
clin
ic
pi
----
-----
---
-----
--------
_ .. _
-----
Pe
ak
Tab
le c
m-1
3522
79
1 33
97
755
3306
73
3 31
96
708
2646
52
4 26
15
469
2516
42
1 23
39
318
2025
27
9 18
59
246?
18
36
1733
16
38
1504
13
99
1148
10
15
894
824
38NVI1IWSNV~1 %
~ ~
~~
~
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
Na 4
TiZ
r 20
4(C
0 3)4
An
hyd
rou
s ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l an
d h
alog
en
Mis
cella
neou
s
RM
S 1
982.
25.6
.
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Mon
oclin
ic
Sa
bin
aite
C
2/c
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
F
ran
con
Qu
arr
y, M
on
t St.
Mic
hel,
Mo
ntr
ea
l, Q
uebe
c, C
an
ad
a. (
Typ
e lo
calit
y)
IR29
14
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: K
Br
disk
X
RD
: 41
16
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
No
tes
[339
0]
3120
R
efer
ence
s:
2926
28
58
1.
Cha
o G
.Y.
& G
u J.
(19
85)
2636
S
abin
aite
; a n
ew o
ccur
renc
e and
new
dat
a.
2369
C
anad
ian
Min
eral
ogis
t, 23
, pp.
17-1
9.
2339
18
26
2.
Jam
bor J
.L.,
Stu
rman
B.D
. &
Wea
ther
ly G
.C. (
1980
) 17
73
Sab
inai
te, a
new
anh
ydro
us zi
rcon
ium
bea
ring
carb
onat
e min
eral
from
Mon
trea
l Isl
and,
Que
bec.
16
81
Can
adia
n Min
eral
ogis
t, 18
, pp.
25-2
9.
1653
15
67
1324
10
86
1066
85
6 83
0 81
1?
771
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m·1
747
691
646
474
391
334
289
i
3~NV11IWSNV~1 %
C) C) C) m
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
SC
AR
BR
OIT
E
AI s
(OH
)13(
CO
J' 5~
O
Hyd
rate
d ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
hydr
ogen
M
isce
llane
ous
BM
198
4,89
8 C
rea
my w
hite
com
pact
with
ha
lite
. S
carb
oro
ug
h, Y
orks
hire
, U.K
. (t
ype
loca
lity)
IR
2798
K
Br
disk
42
08F
= sc
arb
roite
+ h
alite
A
l w
ith m
ino
r CI,
Na
, Si,
S a
nd
tra
ce C
a, M
g
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
-_
.-
----
---_
._
-_
._
---
No
tes
Tri
clin
ic
PI
The
spe
cim
en co
ntai
ns im
purit
ies
due
to e
xpos
ure t
o se
a wat
er. T
he m
ajor
one
, hal
ite, d
oes n
ot c
ontr
ibut
e to
the
spe
ctru
m w
hich
is c
lose
to t
hat g
iven
in r
ef.
2, b
ut s
ome r
elat
ive
peak
inte
nsiti
es ar
e di
ffere
nt.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Brin
dley
G.W
. (1
980)
S
carb
roite
, AIs
(OH
)13C
03'5
H20
, com
pare
d with
gib
bsite
and
hyd
rota
lcite
. M
iner
alal
ogic
al M
agaz
ine,
43, p
p.61
5-61
8.
2.
Duf
fin W
.J. &
Goo
dyea
r J. (
1960
) A
the
rmal
and
x-r
ay in
vest
igat
ion o
f sca
rbro
ite.
Min
eral
ogic
al M
agaz
ine,
32, p
p.35
3-36
2.
3.
Duf
fin W
.J.
&
Goo
dyea
r J. (
1957
) N
atur
e, 1
80, p
.977
.
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-'
3614
34
13
2123
16
33
1462
14
24
1100
10
19
980
744
623
552
509
392
356
319
CD C'l
" C\J a: t-i
0 b b LO -.;t
0 0 ~
38NVllIWSNVtll %
b d C\J
0
o o l!l
o o o ~
o o l!l ~
o o o C\J
o o o (T'J
0 0 0 -.;t
o l!l C\J C\J
en ffi ID ::E ::::J Z W > « 3: I
CJ W en en w a: 0.. ::E o U
II S
CH
RO
CK
ING
ER
ITE
II
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
Na
Ca
3(U
02
)(C
03
MS
OJF
'10H
20
Co
mp
ou
nd
carb
on
ate
M
isce
llane
ous
RM
S 1
978.
17.9
8.
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
W
hit
e C
an
yon
min
e, F
rey
Po
int,
Sa
n Ju
an
Co
., U
tah
, Ca
lifo
rnia
, US
A.
IR29
18
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: K
Br
dis
k X
RD
: 38
96
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
No
tes
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Urb
anec
Z.
& C
ejka
J. (
1979
) In
frar
ed s
pect
ra of
liebi
gite
, and
erso
nite
, vogl
ite,
and
schr
ocki
nger
ite.
Col
lect
ion
of C
zech
oslo
vak C
hem
ical
Com
mun
icat
ions
, 44, p
p.1O
-23.
Tri
clin
ic
PI
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m·t
3598
10
82
3468
98
6 32
72
906
2964
84
3 29
33
822
2656
74
1 24
57
706
2413
68
4 23
63
612
2334
54
6 20
81
434
1825
28
6 17
18
252?
16
43
1577
15
50
1370
11
87
1098
CD ~ m 0 ru 0 ~ 0 ~~--,----.----~--.----.----r---.----.----r---.----.----~- ~
3~NVllI~SNVHl %
o ~ ru ru
~ ~
~
~
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Ca
(UO
zMC
OJS
(OIl)
4'6H
20
Hyd
rate
d no
rma
l ca
rbo
na
te
A(X
03)
'xH
20
RM
S 2
768
Shi
nkol
obw
e, S
ha
ba
, Za
ire
. (ty
pe lo
calit
y)
IR29
43
KB
r d
isk
4564
C
a:U
~ 1:
5,5
with
tra
ce F
e
No
tes
Spe
cim
en from
Ins
titut
Roy
al d
es S
cien
ces N
atur
elle
de
Bel
giqu
e, B
russ
els.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Cej
ka J
., M
raze
k Z
. &
Urb
anec
Z.
(198
4)
New
dat
a on
sha
rpite
, a c
alci
um u
rany
l car
bona
te.
Neu
es Ja
hrb
uch
jUr M
iner
alog
ie, M
onat
shej
te, p
p.10
9-11
7.
2.
Urb
anec
Z.
& C
ejka
J. (
1979
) In
frar
ed s
pect
ra of r
uthe
rfor
dine
and
shar
pite
. C
olle
ctio
n o
f Cze
chos
lova
k Che
mic
al C
omm
unic
atio
ns, 44
, pp
.I-9
.
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: O
rth
orh
om
bic
M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
: ?
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-7
3546
11
01
3437
95
9 32
43
916
3001
84
8 29
56
828
2646
81
4 24
99
777
2339
76
2 22
17
707
1866
69
2 17
34
459
1627
37
4 I
1543
25
4 14
60
1449
14
20
1244
11
94
1151
(T)
""" en C\J a: .......
0 cd 0 0 0 ...--t
3JNV11I~SNVI:I1 %
o o 1..0
o o o ...--t
o o 1..0 ...--t
o o o C\J
o o o (T)
0 0 0
"""
o
1..0 C\J C\J
(J) a: UI CD ~ ::::J Z UI > 4: 3: I
Cl LU (J) (J) LU a: a.. ~ o u
LU I-....... a.. a: 4: :I: (J)
~ ~
~
~
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l typ
e:
Sp
eci
me
n:
N~C~
(CO
J3
An
hyd
rou
s no
rma
l ca
rbo
na
te
Mis
cella
neou
s
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Spa
ce g
rou
p:
BM
196
8,42
Col
ourle
ss tra
nsl
uce
nt c
ryst
als
in o
il sh
ale
.
Ort
ho
rho
mb
ic
Eite
lite
A
mm
2
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
W
est
Va
ca m
ine,
ne
ar G
ree
n R
ive
r, S
wee
twat
er Co
un
ty, W
yom
ing
, U.S
.A. (
Typ
e lo
calit
y).
IR2
67
0
Sam
ple
me
diu
m:
KB
r d
isk
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Na
:Ca
:Mg
~ 1:
1:0·
1 w
ith t
race
K,
AI,
Si
No
tes
See
expa
nded
deta
il o
f 12
00-6
00 cm
-i re
gion
. [3
527]
T
he s
pect
rum
mat
ches
that
sho
wn
in S
adtle
r (93
), b
ut h
as b
ette
r res
olut
ion.
29
90
2941
29
05
Ref
eren
ces:
28
36
2616
1.
W
hite
W.B
. (1
974)
25
48
The
car
bona
te m
iner
als.
25
09
In:
Far
mer
(Ed.
) The
Infr
ared
Spe
ctra
of M
iner
als.
24
60
Min
eral
ogic
al S
ocie
ty o
f Lon
don,
Mon
ogra
ph N
o.4
, pp.
227-
284.
23
86
1808
17
65
2.
Bra
dley
W.H
. &
E
ugst
er H
.P. (
1969
) 15
21
Geo
chem
istr
y and
pal
eolim
nolo
gy of t
he tr
ona
depo
sits
and
asso
ciat
ed au
thig
enic
min
eral
s of t
he
1481
G
reen
Riv
er F
orm
atio
n of W
yom
ing.
14
53
U.S
. Geo
logi
cal S
urve
y Pro
fess
iona
l Pap
er, B
I-B
71.
1409
10
90
1071
10
48
Pea
k T
able
em
·7
891
872
866
851
842
826
731
719
710
694
686
682
325
286
257
o o o ......
3JN'tllIWSN't~1 %
o
o o In
o o o ......
o o In ......
o o o C\J
o o o rr1
o o o ~
o In C\J C\J
C/l
ffi III ::e: ::::J z UJ > « x I
Cl UJ C/l C/l
~ a. ::e: o u
UJ I-t-4 I-a: o ::I: C/l
0 r---LO C\J a: 1-1
b b CD LO "'t
0 0 ...-1
38NVIIIWSNVI::l1 %
0 C\J
o o LO
o o CD
o o o ...-1
0 0 C\J ...-1
OJ a: UI CO :::E ::J Z UI > 4: 3: ,.......,
rl .r! ItJ +J OJ "0
"0 OJ "0 c: ItJ 0. X OJ ........
UI I-1-1 I-a: o :J: OJ
SID
ER
ITE
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l typ
e:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
ampl
e m
ed
ium
: X
RD
: C
om
po
siti
on
:
Fe
C0 3
An
hyd
rou
s no
rma
l ca
rbo
na
te
A(X
OJ
BM
192
9,21
9 P
ale
yello
w le
ntic
ula
r cry
stal
s.
New
Wh
ea
l Kitt
y, S
t Agn
es, C
orn
wa
ll, U
.K.
IR26
50
KB
r d
isk
Fe
with
tra
ce A
I, S
i
No
tes
For
ms a
ser
ies w
ith m
ag
ne
site
and
rhod
ochr
osite
. T
he s
pect
rum
mat
ches
thos
e of s
peci
men
s from
oth
er lo
calit
ies.
C
ompa
re th
e sp
ectr
um w
ith th
ose o
f oth
er m
embe
rs of t
he c
alci
te g
roup
.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Dub
raw
ski J
.V.,
Cha
nnon
A.L
. &
War
ne S
.S.J
. (19
89)
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Exa
min
atio
n of t
he s
ider
ite m
agne
site
min
eral
ser
ies b
y F
ouri
er tr
ansf
orm
infr
ared
spe
ctro
scop
y.
Am
eric
an M
iner
alog
ist,
74, p
p.18
7-19
0.
Tri
go
na
l C
alc
ite
R3c
[328
5]
2925
28
56
2500
18
11
1422
10
94
867
739
605
336
Pea
k T
able
cm
-7
38NVllI~SNV~1 %
C) C) C) ru
. m ru ru
SJO
GR
EN
ITE
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Mg 6
Fez3
+ (C
OJ(
OIl)
16·4
HzO
H
ydra
ted
carb
on
ate
with
hyd
roxy
l or
ha
log
en
A
mB
n(X
OJp
Zq·
xHzO
with
(m
+n
):p
= 8
:1
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
BM
192
6,12
22 S
tra
w co
lou
red
, iso
late
d, p
laty
cry
sta
ls.
La
ng
ba
n, F
ilip
sta
d, V
arm
lan
d, S
wed
en. (T
ype
loca
lity)
. IR
28
18
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
KB
r d
isk
6161
= s
jog
ren
ite
Mg:
Fe:::
:: 3:
1 w
ith
tra
ce S
i
--~
------
No
tes
Dim
orph
ous w
ith p
yro
au
rite
. T
he
sp
ect
rum
is id
en
tica
l to
tha
t of
pyr
oa
uri
te.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
AH
man
n R
. (1
969)
-~
Sup
plem
enta
l info
rmat
ion
on th
e st
ruct
ures
of p
yroa
urite
and
sjog
reni
te.
Neu
es la
hrb
uch
fUr
Min
eral
ogie
, Mon
atsh
ejte
, pp.
552-
558.
2.
Ingr
am L
. &
Tay
lor H
.F.W
. (19
67)
The
cry
stal
stru
ctur
es of s
jogr
enite
and
pyro
aurit
e.
Min
eral
ogic
al M
agaz
ine,
36,
pp.
465-
479.
3.
Fro
ndel
C.
(194
1)
Con
stitu
tion a
nd p
olym
orph
ism
of t
he p
yroa
urite
and
sjog
reni
te gr
oups
. A
mer
ican
Min
eral
ogis
t, 26
, pp.
295-
315.
He
xag
on
al
P6
/mm
c
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m·'
34
69
29
25
2434
23
66
1632
15
89
1384
13
66
1167
10
86
1020
99
3 68
3 58
4 42
8 3
77
29
2
o o o ...-I
3:JNVllIWSNVI::I1 %
o
o o U1
o o o ...-I
o U1 OJ OJ
C/l
ffi In ::E ::J Z
o ~ o <C U1 ~ ...-I I
o o o OJ
o o o [Y'J
o UJ C/l C/l
~ a. ::E o CJ
SM
ITH
SO
NIT
E
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l typ
e:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Zn
C0 3
An
hyd
rou
s no
nn
al c
arb
on
ate
A
(XO
J
BM
192
9,16
48 C
olou
rles
s cry
sta
ls o
n s
ph
ale
rite
. K
ab
we
, Za
mb
ia.
IR2
64
9
KB
r d
isk
82
73
(std
) Z
n o
nly
No
tes
Com
pare
the
spec
trum
with
tho
se o
f oth
er m
embe
rs of t
he c
alc
ite g
roup
.
Ref
eren
ces:
l.
Ge
vork
'ya
n S
.V.
& P
ovar
enni
kh O
.S. (
1983
) N
ew in
frar
ed s
pect
ra fo
r m
iner
als i
n th
e ca
lcite
and
ara
goni
te gr
oups
. D
opov
idi A
kade
miy
i Nau
k U
kray
ins '
koyi
RS
R,
Ser
iya
B:
Geo
logi
chni
, Khi
mic
hni t
a B
iolo
gich
ni N
auki
, (11
), p
p.8
-12
.
2.
Che
ster
R.
& E
lder
field
H.
(196
7)
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
The
app
licat
ion o
f in
fra-
red
abso
rptio
n spe
ctro
scop
y to c
arbo
nate
min
eral
ogy.
S
edim
ento
logy
, 9,
pp
.53
07
-9.
3.
Bra
ithw
aite
R.,
Sta
nley
W.
& R
ybac
k G.
(196
3)
Tri
go
na
l C
alc
ite
R
3c
Ros
asite
, aur
icha
lcite
and
asso
ciat
ed min
eral
s fro
m H
eigh
ts o
f Abr
aham
, Mat
lock
Bat
h, D
erby
shir
e,
with
a n
ote
on
infr
a-re
d sp
ectr
a.
Min
eral
ogic
al M
agaz
ine,
33(2
61),
pp.
441-
449.
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-1
[341
9]
2924
28
50
2493
18
16
1605
14
27
1170
10
96
870
I
841
74
5
30
8
3~NVllI~SNV~1 %
C)
~ ru ru
SP
HA
ER
OC
OB
AL
TIT
E
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Co
C0 3
Anh
ydro
us n
orm
al c
arbo
nate
A
(X0
3)
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
BM
196
7,28
7 S
mal
l dar
k pi
nk,
flatte
ned
rhom
bs o
n do
lom
ite m
atrix
. M
uson
oi,
Kol
wez
i, S
haba
, Zai
re.
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:"
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
IR26
52
KB
r di
sk
6259
F (s
td)
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Co:
Mg
::::: 1:
0,4
with
tra
ce C
a,F
e,M
n,S
r
Not
es
Spe
cim
ens w
ith h
igh
coba
lt co
nten
t are
rare
and
man
y 's
phae
roco
balti
tes'
are
coba
ltian
dolo
mite
. C
ompa
re th
e sp
ectr
um w
ith t
hose
of o
ther
mem
bers
of t
he c
alci
te g
roup
.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Whi
te W
.B.
(197
4)
The
car
bona
te m
iner
als.
In
: F
arm
er (E
d.) T
he In
frar
ed S
pect
ra o
f Min
eral
s.
Min
eral
ogic
al S
ocie
ty o
f Lon
don,
Mon
ogra
ph N
o.4,
pp.
227-
284.
2.
Wei
r C
.E. &
Lip
pinc
ott E
.R. (
1961
) In
frar
ed s
tudi
es o
f ara
goni
te, c
alci
te a
nd v
ater
ite ty
pe s
truc
ture
s in
the
bora
tes,
carb
onat
es an
d ni
trat
es.
Jour
nal o
f Res
earc
h, N
atio
nal B
urea
u o
f Sta
ndar
ds, 6
5(A
), p
p.17
3-18
3
Trig
onal
C
alci
te
R.3c
3227
29
27
2861
25
09
1819
14
27
1120
10
92
875
747
516
372
245?
Pea
k T
able
em
-1
C\J In to C\J a: ~
0 cd 0 0 0 ..-I
3:JNVIIIWSNV~1 %
o o In
o o o ..-I
0 0 In ..-I
0 0 0 C\J
0 0 0 [TJ
0 0 0 ~
o In C\J C\J
en a: UJ OJ ::IE ::J Z UJ > « 3C I
CJ UJ en en L.U a: 0.. ::IE 0 (J
L.U I-t-I I-.-J « OJ 0 (J 0 a: L.U « :J: 0.. en
ST
EN
ON
ITE
Fo
rmu
la:
(Sr ,B
a,N
a)2A
l(CO
JFs
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
onoc
linic
C
he
mic
al c
lass
: C
he
mic
al
typ
e:
Anh
ydro
us ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
Mis
cella
neou
s M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
: P
2/m
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
BM
196
6,53
6 W
hite
lcol
ourle
ss cr
ysta
lline
mas
sive
with
pyr
ite, s
ph
ale
rite
etc.
Iv
igtu
t, F
red
eri
ksh
aa
b dist
rict
, So
uth
Gre
en
lan
d. (
Typ
e lo
calit
y).
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
IR
2815
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
KB
r di
sk
XR
D:
1231
3 (s
td)
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Sr:
Al ~
2:
1 M
ino
r C
a,S
i, tr
ace
only
Ba
, Na
No
tes
The
spe
cim
en is f
rom
the
type
mat
eria
l.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Haw
thor
ne F.e
. (1
984)
T
he c
ryst
al s
truc
ture
of s
teno
nite
and
the
clas
sific
atio
n of t
he a
lum
inof
luor
ide m
iner
als.
C
anad
ian M
iner
alog
ist,
22(2
), p
p.24
5-25
1.
2.
Pau
ly H
., D
ano
M.
& M
orte
nsen
E.L
. (1
962)
S
teno
nite
, a n
ew c
arbo
nate
fluor
ide
from
Ivig
tut,
Sou
th G
reen
land
. M
edde
lels
er om
Gre
nlan
d, 1
69(9
), p
.24.
[334
1]
2935
28
57
2572
25
39
1846
18
07
1486
14
32
1098
10
27
870
843
799
751
710
702
606
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-'
551
496
429
404
339
299
246?
UJ ~
m 0 ru 0
~~~~~--~~~~--~~~~--~~~~--~~~~--~- ~
3~NVllIWSNV~1 %
II S
TR
ON
TIA
NIT
E
II
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
SrC
0 3
Anh
ydro
us n
orm
al c
arbo
nate
A
(X0
3)
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
BM
588
48
Larg
e pa
le g
reen
fibr
o-co
lum
nar
crys
tals
. S
tron
tian,
Hig
hlan
d R
egio
n, S
cotla
nd, U
.K.
(typ
e lo
calit
y).
IR 2
672
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: K
Br
disk
X
RD
: 17
04F
(std
) C
om
po
siti
on
: M
ajo
r S
r w
ith m
inor
Ca
(3·8
wt%
CaO
)
Not
es
Com
pare
the
spec
trum
with
tho
se o
f oth
er m
embe
rs of t
he a
rago
nite
gro
up.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Gev
ork'
yan S
.V.
& P
ovar
enni
kh O
.S.
(198
3)
New
infr
ared
spe
ctra
for
min
eral
s in
the
calc
ite a
nd a
rago
nite
grou
ps.
Dop
ovid
i Aka
dem
iyi N
auk
Ukr
ayin
s 'ko
yi R
SR
, S
eriy
a B
: G
eolo
gich
ni, K
him
ichn
i ta
Bio
logi
chni
Nau
ki,
(11)
, pp.
8-12
.
2.
Whi
te W
.B.
(197
4)
The
car
bona
te m
iner
als.
In
: F
arm
er (E
d) T
he In
frar
ed S
pect
ra o
f Min
eral
s.
Min
eral
ogic
al S
ocie
ty o
f Lon
don,
Mon
ogra
ph N
o.4
, pp.
227-
284.
Ort
horh
ombi
c A
rago
nite
P
mcn
[331
3]
2925
28
77
2603
24
87
1774
14
58
1385
10
73
858
843
706
699
670
520
467
242?
Pea
k T
able
em
-t
o o o ....-I
3~NVIII~SNVI:I1 %
o
o o 10
o o o ....-I
o o 10 ....-I
o o o C\J
o o o (T)
o o o ~
o . 10 C\J C\J
en ffi ID ::::E: ::J Z UJ > -< ~ I
Cl LU en en ~ a. ::::E: o U
~ H Z -< H
t-Z o a: t-en
II S
TR
ON
TIO
DR
ES
SE
RIT
E
II
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
(Sr ,C
a)A
I 2(C
0 3M
OH
k H
20
Hyd
rate
d ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
AmB
n(X
0 3)p
Zq
'xH
20
with
(m
+n
):p
= 3
:2
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
BM
198
3,64
3 S
pher
oida
l agg
rega
tes o
f whi
te a
cicu
lar c
ryst
als.
Ort
ho
rho
mb
ic
Alu
moh
ydro
calc
ite (d
unda
site
) P
bm
m
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
F
ran
con
Qu
arr
y, S
t Mic
hel,
Mo
ntr
ea
l Isl
an
d, Q
uebe
c, C
an
ad
a. (
Typ
e lo
calit
y)
IR28
81
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: K
Br
disk
X
RD
: 82
05F
(std
) C
om
po
siti
on
: S
r:C
a:A
I r:::
1:0
'1:2
w
ith t
race
Ba
& N
a
No
tes
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m·1
The
spe
ctru
m is
sim
ilar t
o, b
ut d
istin
guis
habl
e fro
m t
hat o
f dre
sser
ite.
3591
10
90
See
ref.2
for
peak
ass
ignm
ents
and
com
paris
on with
dre
sser
ite an
d du
ndas
ite.
3508
10
66
3471
96
5 31
75
887
Ref
eren
ces:
30
75
849
2606
84
1 1.
Ja
mbo
r J.L
., S
abin
a A.P
.,
Rob
erts
A.C
. &
Stu
rman
B.D
. (1
977)
24
57
759
Str
ontio
dres
serit
e, a ne
w S
r Al
carb
onat
e fro
m M
ontr
eal I
slan
d, Q
uebe
c.
2241
74
3 C
anad
ian M
iner
alog
ist,
15(3
), p
p.40
5-40
7.
2151
72
6 20
87
682
2.
Far
rell
D.M
. (1
977)
18
59
577
Infr
ared
inve
stig
atio
n of b
asic
dou
ble
carb
onat
e hyd
rate
min
eral
s.
1805
55
2 C
anad
ian M
iner
alog
ist,
15(3
), p
p.40
8-41
3.
1645
48
1 15
61
455
1509
38
3 14
57
311
1373
27
8 11
10
C) C) UJ ~
C) C) C) ru
C) C) C) ~
3~NVllIHSNV~1 %
C)
UJ ru ru
00 ~ w m ~ ~ z w > < ~ I
0 W 00 00 w ~ ~ ~ 0 u
W ~ ~
ffi 00 00 w ~ 0 0 ~
~ z C) ~ ~ 00
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Pb 4
(SO
J(C
O:J
z(O
H)
Co
mp
ou
nd
carb
on
ate
M
isce
llane
ous
RM
S u
nreg
iste
red.
SU
SA
NN
ITE
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Ro
an
Bu
rn v
ein,
Lea
dhill
s, L
an
ark
shir
e, S
cotla
nd
, U.K
. (T
ype
loca
lity)
. IR
2930
K
Br
dis
k 99
98
No
tes
Trim
orph
ous w
ith l
ea
dh
illite
and
mac
pher
soni
te.
The
spe
ctru
m is v
ery
sim
ilar t
o, b
ut d
istin
guis
habl
e fro
m,
thos
e of l
eadh
illite
and
mac
pher
soni
te.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Rus
sell J
.D.,
Fra
ser A
.R.
& L
ivin
gsto
ne A
. (1
984)
Tri
go
na
l S
usa
nn
ite
R3
The
infr
ared
abs
orpt
ion s
pect
ra of t
he th
ree
poly
mor
phs o
f Pb
SO
lC0 3M
OH
)2 (
lead
hilli
te, s
usan
nite
an
d m
acph
erso
nite
).
Min
eral
ogic
al M
agaz
ine,
48(2
), p
p.29
5-7.
Pe
ak
Tab
le c
m"
3577
34
31
2959
29
24
2856
24
11
1734
16
28
1403
11
16
1080
10
51
964
840
706
682
602
421
3~NV11I~SNV~1 %
II S
YN
CH
YS
ITE
-fY
) (d
over
ite)
II
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Ca
(Y, C
e)(C
03)2
F
An
hyd
rou
s ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
ha
log
en
A
B(X
03)
Zq
RM
S 1
980.
49.1
1.
Mo
nt
St H
ilair
e,
Que
bec,
Ca
na
da
. IR
2948
K
Br
dis
k 41
56
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m re
sem
bles
that
of b
ast
na
site
.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Yuk
htan
ov P
.P. &
B
urla
kov
Y.V
. (1
985)
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Ank
ylite
and
syn
chis
ite fr
om c
ryst
al b
earin
g poc
kets
in t
he P
olar
Ura
ls re
gion
In
: Y
ushk
in, N
.P. &
Ost
ashc
henk
o B.A
. M
iner
als
an
d m
iner
al fo
rmat
ion.
Tru
dy In
stitu
t Geo
logi
i. 50
, pp.
99-1
04. (
In R
ussi
an).
2.
Sch
arm
B.
& K
Uhn
P.
(198
3)
Syn
chis
ite; (
Nd)
, C
a(N
d,Y
,Gd,
) [F
/(C
03)2
1, a
new
min
eral
. N
eues
Jah
rbu
chjii
r Min
eral
ogie
, Mon
atsh
ejte
, (5),
pp.
201-
21O
. (I
n E
nglis
h).
He
xag
on
al
Ba
stn
asi
te
?
3687
34
40
2925
28
60
2500
23
49
1816
17
44
1464
14
82
1079
87
1 74
1 60
2 35
2 28
7
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m·7
00 ~ m ru a::: -
0
0 0 ..-t
3:JNVIIIWSNVt:l1 %
d 0
o o In
o o o ..-t
o o In ..-t
o o o ru
0 0 0 (TJ
0 0 0 ~
o In ru ru
en a::: LU a:I ::E ::::J Z LU > <C 3:: I
CJ LU en en LU g: ::E o U
E I
LU I-I-f en I-f
:::t: U z >-en
I
TA
Ko
vrrE
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l typ
e:
Sp
eci
me
n:
Ni~2
(C03
)(OH)
16'4H
20
Hyd
rate
d ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
A",B
n(X
03)
pZq'
xH20
w
ith
(m+
n):p
= 8:1
BM
197
6,81
P
ale b
lue/
gree
n po
wd
ery
coat
ing.
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
C
arr
Boy
d R
ocks
min
e, G
oo
ng
arr
ie, W
est
ern
Au
stra
lia.
IR2
80
4
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: K
Brd
isk
XR
D:
1931
0 =
tako
vite
C
om
po
sitio
n:
Ni
& A
I w
ith m
ino
r Zn
an
d tr
ace
Fe
, Si
Not
es
For
mer
nam
e = ea
rdle
yite
T
he p
eak a
t 101
5 cm
·1 is
tho
ught
to b
e du
e to
inse
pera
ble k
aolin
ite im
purit
y -
see r
ef.
no.3
.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Bri
ndle
y G
.W. (
1978
) T
he s
truc
ture
and
chem
istr
y of
the
hydr
ous n
icke
l sili
cate
and
alu
min
ate m
iner
als.
In
: G
oni J
.(E
d),
Col
loqu
e su
r la
min
eral
ogie
, geo
chim
ie, g
eolo
gie d
es m
iner
aux e
t min
erai
s ni
ckel
ifere
s lat
eriti
ques
, F
r., B
ur.
Rec
h. G
eol.
Min
iere
s, B
ull.,
(Ser
. 2), S
ect 2
, G
eol.G
ites M
iner
., 3,
pp.
233-
45.
2.
Nic
kel E
.H.,
Dav
is C
.E.S
., B
usse
ll M.,
Brid
ge P
.J.,
Dun
n J.
G. &
Mac
Don
ald R
.D.
(197
7)
Ear
dley
ite as
a p
rodu
ct o
f th
e su
perg
ene
alte
ratio
n of
nick
el s
ulfid
es in
Wes
tern
Aus
tral
ia.
Am
eri
can
Min
eral
ogis
t. 6
2(5,
6), p
p.44
9-57
.
3.
Bis
h D
.L.
& B
rind
ley
G.W
. (19
77)
A r
einv
estig
atio
n of
tako
vite
, a n
icke
l alu
min
um h
ydro
xy c
arbo
nate
of
the
pyro
aurit
e gro
up.
Am
eri
can
Min
eral
ogis
t, 6
2(5,
6), p
p.45
8-64
.
Tri
go
na
l P
vro
au
rite
R
3m
34
18
17
34
1617
15
60
1396
13
51
1282
10
15
910
819
690
623
561
434
36
5
333
254
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-1
o o o ..-f
38NVllI~SNVtll %
o
o o U1
o o o ..-f
o o U1 .......
o o o C\I
o o o [T)
o o o "<;f"
o U1 C\I C\I
til
~ :::E :::J Z Ul > « 3: I
Cl Ul til til Ul 0: 0.. :::E o U
Ul I-t-f
> o ~ « I-
II T
RO
NA
11
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Na 3
(C0 3
)(H
C0 3
)-2H
zO
Aci
d ca
rbo
na
te
Mis
cella
neou
s
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
BM
592
35 C
rust
of c
olou
rless
pri
sma
tic cr
ysta
ls w
ith h
alit
e e
tc_
Na
tro
n L
akes
, Egy
pt_
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
IR
2876
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
KB
r di
sk
XR
D:
8149
F =
tro
na
(+ t
race
qua
rtz)
. C
om
po
siti
on
:
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m is i
dent
ical
to th
at o
f syn
thet
ic so
dium
sesq
uica
rbon
ate.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Mag
lione
G.
& C
arn
M.
(197
5)
Spe
ctre
s infr
arou
ges d
es m
iner
aux s
alin
s et d
es s
ilica
tes n
eofo
rmes
dans
Ie B
assi
n tch
adie
n.
(Inf
rare
d sp
ectr
a of
salin
e an
d si
licat
e m
iner
als f
rom
the
Cha
d B
asin
). F
r.,
Off.
Rec
h. S
ci.
Tec
h. O
utre
Mer
, C
ah.,
Ser
. Geo
l. 7,
pp.
3-9
2.
Rys
kin
Ya.
I.
(197
4)
The
vib
ratio
ns o
f pro
tons
in m
iner
als;
hyd
roxy
l, w
ater
and
am
mon
ium
. In
: F
arm
er (E
d) T
he In
frar
ed S
pect
ra o
f Min
eral
s,
Min
eral
ogic
al S
ocie
ty o
f Lon
don,
Mon
ogra
ph N
o.4,
pp.
137-
181.
3.
Whi
te W
.B.
(197
4)
The
car
bona
te m
iner
als.
Ib
id.
pp.2
27-8
4.
Mon
oclin
ic
Th
erm
on
atr
ite
12
/a
3469
30
67
2536
24
44
2266
16
92
1465
13
57
1191
11
13
1065
10
15
851
651
601
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-1
3~NVIIIWSNV~1 %
C)
UJ ru ru
TU
NIS
ITE
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
NaC~
AI4(
C03)
4(OH
)8CI
An
hyd
rou
s ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
Mis
cella
neou
s
BM
198
1,48
2 C
rea
my w
hite
bla
de
d cr
ysta
ls.
Co
nd
orc
et,
Dro
me
, Fra
nce
. IR
2791
K
Br
dis
k 7
95
9F
= tu
nisi
te
Na:
Ca:
A1:
CI ~
0·
8:2·
1:4:
1
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m m
atch
es th
at g
iven
in S
uhne
r, (5
-57)
tuni
site
.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Effe
nber
ger R
., K
luge
r F
., P
ertli
k F
. &
Zem
ann J
. (1
981)
T
unis
ite; c
ryst
al s
truc
ture
and
revi
sion
of c
hem
ical
form
ula.
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Spa
ce g
rou
p:
Tsc
herm
aks M
iner
alog
isch
e un
d Pet
rogr
aphi
sche
Mitt
eilu
ngen
, 28(
1), p
p. 65
-77 .
(I
n G
erm
an w
ith E
nglis
h su
mm
ary)
2.
Zde
nek J
., P
ovon
dra P
. &
Erv
in S
. (19
69)
Tun
isite
, a n
ew c
arbo
nate
from
Tun
isia
. A
mer
ican
Min
eral
ogis
t, 5
4(1,
2), p
p.1-
13.
Te
tra
go
na
l D
awso
nite
P
4/nm
m
3495
34
59
3410
29
26
2603
22
79
1998
19
15
1866
15
63
1513
14
75
1156
11
31
1091
98
1 84
4 79
7 74
1
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-'
674
533
468
416
384
311
274
~
en I' C'\J a: ......
0 b b b LO
""'" C'\J
0 0 ~
38NVllIWSNVt:ll %
0
o o LD
o o o ~
o o LD ~
o o o C'\J
o o o (TJ
0 0 0
""'"
o LD C'\J C'\J
CJl a: Ul CO :::E :::J Z Ul > « 3:: I o
W CJl CJl w a: a. :::E o U
W I-...... CJl ...... Z :::J I-
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
Nac
;Mgz
(SO
J(C
OJ4
C
om
po
un
d ca
rbo
na
te
Mis
cella
neou
s
RM
S 1
974.
47.1
65
TY
CH
ITE
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
S
earl
es La
ke, S
an
Be
rna
rdin
o C
o.,
Ca
lifo
rnia
, U.S
.A.
(Typ
e lo
calit
y)
IR29
24
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: K
Br
disk
X
RD
: 41
03
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
No
tes
See
als
o m
an
ga
no
tych
ite IR
3062
.
Ref
eren
ces:
l.
Mal
inov
skii
Y.A
., B
atur
in S
.V.
& B
elov
N.V
. (1
979)
T
he c
ryst
al s
truc
ture
of F
e ty
chite
. S
ovie
t Phy
sics
. Dok
lady
. 24(
12),
pp.
951-
3.
(In
Eng
lish)
2.
Kee
ster
K.L
., J
ohns
on G
.G.J
r. &
Van
d V
. (1
969)
N
ew d
ata
on ty
chite
. A
mer
ican
Min
eral
ogis
t, 54
(1,2
), p
p.30
2-5.
Cu
bic
S
usa
nn
ite
Fd3
[341
7]
2924
28
59
2649
25
39
2339
18
18
1731
16
30
1463
14
47
1385
11
10
1104
? 88
4 85
9 71
8 66
2 63
1
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m·'
396
333
273
o o o oM
3~NVllIWSNVl::ll %
o
o o lCl
o o o oM
o lCl C\J C\J
en ex: Ul III :::E :::J Z
o ~ o « lCl 3: oM I
o o o C\J
o o o (TJ
o Ul en en ~ 0.. :::E o c..J
Ul t-I-f :I:: c..J >-t-
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Ca
C0 3
An
hyd
rou
s no
rma
l ca
rbo
na
te
A(X
OJ
Syn
the
tic. W
hite
cry
stal
line
po
wd
er.
N
HM
La
bs.
IR2
60
3
KB
r d
isk
62
02
F (s
td)
Ca
on
ly
No
tes
Trim
orph
ous w
ith a
rag
on
ite
and
calc
ite.
The
spe
ctra
of a
ll th
ree
poly
mor
phs a
re e
asily
dis
tingu
ishe
d.
The
mat
eria
l was
pre
pare
d acc
ordi
ng to
the
met
hod g
iven
in r
ef. 1
.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Sat
o M
itsuo
and
Mat
suda
Shu
nji.
(196
9)
Str
uctu
re of v
ater
ite a
nd in
frar
ed sp
ectr
a.
Zei
tsch
riJt fU
r K
rista
llogr
aphi
e, 1
29(5
,6),
pp.4
05-1
O.
(In
Eng
lish)
2.
Wei
r C
.E. &
Lip
pinc
ott E
.R. (
1961
)
VA
TE
RIT
E
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Infr
ared
stu
dies
of a
rago
nite
, cal
cite
and
vat
erite
type
str
uctu
res i
n th
e bo
rate
s, ca
rbon
ates
and
nitr
ates
. Jo
urna
l of R
esea
rch,
Nat
iona
l Bur
eau o
f Sta
ndar
ds, 6
5(A
), p
p.17
3-83
.
He
xag
on
al
Ca
lcite
P
6im
mc [3
228]
29
73
2905
26
24
2507
23
56
1836
17
65
1743
14
89
1432
14
08
1089
99
9 87
7 85
0 84
4 74
5 66
8
Pea
k T
able
em
-'
341
291
(TJ 0 LD C\J a: t-4
0
0 0 ....-I
3~NVllIWSNVl::ll %
cd 0
o o Ln
o o o ....-I
0 0 Ln ....-I
0 0 0 C\J
0 0 0 (TJ
0 0 0
"""
o Ln C\J C\J
en a: w aJ :::E: :::J Z W > « 3: I
0 W en en W a: a. :::E 0 c..J
U ·M +J OJ .c +J c: >-II]
W r-t-4
a: w r-« >
VO
GLI
TE
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l typ
e:
Sp
eci
me
n:
Ca
zCu
(UO
J(C
OJ4
·6H
10
H
ydra
ted
no
rma
l ca
rbo
na
te
A",B
n(X
OJp
·~O
w
here
(m +
n)
: p >
1 :
1
BM
196
5,43
9 E
me
rald
gre
en
bla
de
d cr
ysta
ls.
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Spa
ce g
rou
p:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
re
f. n
o.:
W
hite
Ca
nyo
n N
o.1
min
e, F
rey
Po
int,
Sa
n Ju
an
Co
un
ty, U
tah
, U.S
.A.
IR2
86
7
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: K
Br
dis
k X
RD
: 81
23F
= vo
glite
(se
e not
es)
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Ca
:Cu
:U ~
1·1
:0·2
:1·0
? w
ith t
race
Mg
, S
No
tes
X-r
ay d
iffra
ctio
n sh
owed
the
mat
eria
l to b
e po
orly
cry
stal
line.
T
he a
naly
sis i
ndic
ates
a lo
w c
oppe
r con
tent
rela
tive
to t
he id
eal f
orm
ula.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Urb
anec
Z &
Cej
ka J.
(19
79)
Infr
ared
spe
ctra
of l
iebi
gite
, and
erso
nite
, vogl
ite, a
nd s
chro
ecki
nger
ite.
Col
lect
ion
of C
zech
oslo
vak C
hem
ical
Com
mun
icat
ions
, 44(1
), p
p.1O
-23_
Mon
oclin
ic
P21
Pea
k T
able
cm
-'
3411
25
95
1563
15
15
1429
11
49
1114
10
84
1025
90
4 83
8 79
4 74
6 71
7 67
1 60
0 52
3 47
4 29
8
3~NVIIIHSNV~1 %
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
WE
LOG
AN
ITE
Sr~~
Zr(C
OJ6·
3HzO
Hyd
rate
d no
rma
l ca
rbo
na
te
A.n
Bn(
XO
Jp·x
HzO
whe
re (m
+n
):p
> 1
:1
RM
S 1
976.
34.1
Str
aw
yello
w h
exa
go
na
l crys
tals
.
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Spa
ce g
rou
p:
Tri
clin
ic,
pse
ud
otr
igo
na
l M
cKel
veyi
te
PI
Fra
nco
n Q
ua
rry,
St M
iche
l, M
on
tre
al I
sla
nd
, Que
bec,
Ca
na
da
. (Typ
e lo
calit
y).
IR2
94
6
KB
r d
isk
3947
6
No
tes
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m-7
For
ms a
ser
ies w
ith d
onna
yite
-(Y
).
3383
67
2?
The
spe
ctru
m cl
osel
y m
atch
es th
at s
how
n in
the
orig
inal
des
crip
tion,
ref.
1 , a
nd is
sim
ilar t
o th
ose o
f 33
17
547
donn
ayite
-(Y
) and
mck
elve
yite
-(Y
).
2931
32
5 26
17
2421
R
efer
ence
s:
1682
16
11
1.
Sab
ina A
.P.,
Jam
bor J
.L.
& P
lant
A.G
. (1
968)
15
55
Wel
ogan
ite, a
new
str
ontiu
m zi
rcon
ium
carb
onat
e fro
m M
ontr
eal I
slan
d, C
anad
a.
1527
C
anad
ian M
iner
alog
ist,
9(4
), p
p. 4
68-7
7.
1413
w
ith c
orre
ctio
n, C
anad
ian M
iner
alog
ist, 1
969,
9(5
), p
654.
13
54
1064
10
57
869
850
761
749
706
678
38NVllIWSNV~1 %
WIT
HE
RIT
E
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l typ
e:
Sp
eci
me
n:
Ba
C0 3
An
hyd
rou
s no
rma
l ca
rbo
na
te
A(X
OJ
BM
266
83 C
olou
rles
s pri
sma
tic cr
ysta
l gro
up
s.
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Spa
ce g
rou
p:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
F
allo
wfie
ld m
ine,
Hex
ham
, No
rth
um
bri
a, C
ou
nty
Du
rha
m, U
.K.
IR26
71
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: K
Br
disk
X
RD
: C
om
po
siti
on
: B
a o
nly
No
tes
The
spe
ctru
m is i
dent
ical
with
thos
e of s
ampl
es from
oth
er lo
calit
ies.
C
ompa
re th
e sp
ectr
um w
ith th
ose o
f oth
er m
embe
rs of t
he a
rag
on
ite gr
oup.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Ana
tass
ov V
., V
assi
leva
M.
& G
oran
ova R
. (1
989)
C
arbo
nate
s with
ara
goni
te ty
pe s
truc
ture
(ara
goni
te, w
ither
ite a
nd c
erus
site
) in th
e K
rem
ikot
vsi
depo
sit.
(Hun
garia
n with
Eng
lish
abst
ract
).
An
nu
al o
f the
Hig
her I
nstit
ute
of M
inin
g &
Geo
logy
, Sof
ia, P
art 1
, G
eolo
gy, 3
5.
2.
Whi
te W
B.
(197
4)
The
car
bona
te m
iner
als.
In
: F
arm
er (E
d) T
he In
frar
ed S
pect
ra o
f Min
eral
s M
iner
alog
ical
Soc
iety
of L
ondo
n, M
onog
raph
No.
4, p
p.22
7-84
.
3.
Dec
ius J
.C.,
Mal
an O
.G. &
Tho
mps
on H
.W.
(196
3)
The
effe
cts o
f int
erm
olec
ular
forc
es u
pon
the
vibr
atio
n o
f mol
ecul
es in
the
crys
talli
ne st
ate.
1.
The
ou
t-of
-pla
ne be
ndin
g of t
he c
arbo
nate
ion
in a
rago
nite
min
eral
s.
Pro
ceed
ings
of t
he R
oya
l Soc
iety
of L
ondo
n, S
erie
s A, 27
5, p
p.29
5-30
9.
Ort
ho
rho
mb
ic
Ara
go
nite
P
mcn
[344
4]
2878
28
21
2541
24
52
2093
17
52
1431
10
60
858
840
709
693
668
390
308
286
242?
Pea
k T
able
cm
-'
38NVllIWSNV~1 %
WY
AR
TIT
E
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
S
am
ple
me
diu
m:
XR
D:
Co
mp
osi
tio
n:
Ref
eren
ces:
l.
Cla
rk J
.R. (
1960
)
Ca 3
U4 +
(U°
zMC
OJZ
(OH
)lS·4H
10
Hyd
rate
d ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
ha
log
en
M
isce
llane
ous
BM
196
9,47
S
mal
l gre
en
lbro
wn
lath
-lik
e c
ryst
als
. S
hink
olob
we,
Sh
ab
a, Z
air
e. (
Typ
e lo
calit
y).
IR2
86
6
KB
r d
isk
Ca
:U ~
3:1
1?
with
tra
ce S
i, S
No
tes
X-r
ay s
tudy
of
alte
ratio
n in
the
uran
ium
min
eral
wya
rtite
. A
mer
ican
Min
eral
ogis
t, 4
5(1,
2), p
p.20
0-8.
2.
Gui
llem
in C
. &
Pro
tas J
. (19
59)
Lant
hini
te e
t wya
rtite
. B
ulle
tin d
e la
Soc
iete
Fra
ncai
se de
Min
eral
ogie
, 82
(1,3
), p
p.80
-6.
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
Ort
ho
rho
mb
ic
P212
121
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m·7
3417
29
37
2861
17
45
1623
15
35
1381
13
72
1165
10
54
902
795
742
571
453
371
274
to to CD C\J a: t-4
0 6 6 CD to
0 0 ..-t
3~NV 11 I ~SNVtU %
cd 0 ~
o o In
o o o ..-t
o o In ..-t
o o o C\J
o o o (T)
0 0 0 ~
o . In C\J C\J
til a: w m :::E ::::J Z W > « 3: I
CJ W til til W a: Q. :::E o LJ
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
ZA
RA
TIT
E
Ni3
(C03
)(O
H)4
·4H
20
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: H
ydra
ted
carb
onat
e with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
Mis
cella
neou
s M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
BM
220
14
Da
rk g
reen
vitr
eous
coat
ing o
n c
hrom
ite.
Cub
ic
?
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
W
oo
d's
min
e, T
exas
, La
nca
ste
r Co
un
ty, P
enns
ylva
nia,
U.S
.A.
(Typ
e lo
calit
y).
IR27
35
Sam
ple
me
diu
m:
KB
r di
sk
XR
D:
1243
8 =
za
ratit
e ( p
oorly
cry
stal
line)
. C
om
po
siti
on
: N
i:Mg
vari
able
from
11:
1 to
16:
1 w
ith t
race
Si,
S
No
tes
Par
tially
am
orph
ous,
as w
ere
all o
f the
zar
atite
spec
imen
s stu
died
. T
he v
alid
ity o
f zar
atite
as a
spe
cies
is d
iscu
ssed
in r
ef.
1.
Com
pare
the
spec
trum
with
tha
t of h
elly
erite
.
Ref
eren
ces:
1.
Isaa
cs T.
(196
3)
The
min
eral
ogy a
nd c
hem
istr
y of t
he n
icke
l car
bona
tes.
M
iner
alog
ical
Mag
azin
e, 33
(263
), p
p.66
3-67
8.
2.
Hua
ng C
.K.
& K
err
P.F
. (19
60)
Infr
ared
stu
dy o
f the
car
bona
te m
iner
als.
A
mer
ican
Min
eral
ogis
t, 45
, pp.
311-
24.
Pea
k T
able
em
-7
3526
34
26
2927
28
60
1580
13
84
1070
10
22
985
873
834
678
522
438
400
o o ..-4
38N'VIIIWSN'VHl %
o
o o In
o o o ..-4
o o o C\J
o o o (T)
o In C\J C\J
UJ I-I-f
I-« c:: « N
11
--
_u
-
---
ZE
LL
ER
ITE
II
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cla
ss:
Ch
em
ica
l ty
pe
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
Ca
(UO
J(C
OJz
·5H zO
H
ydra
ted
no
rma
l ca
rbo
na
te
A".B
n(X
OJp
·xH
zO w
here
(m+
n):
p =
1:1
RM
S 1
978.
17.9
8. Y
ello
w f
ibro
us.
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Sp
ace
gro
up
:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
W
hite
Ca
nyo
n m
ine,
Fre
y P
oint
, Sa
n Ju
an
Co
., U
tah
, U.S
.A.
IR29
17
Sa
mp
le m
ed
ium
: X
RD
: C
om
po
siti
on
:
Ref
eren
ces:
KB
r di
sk
3897
C
a:U
= 1
:0·9
+ t
race
Mg
,Sr,
Fe
,Mn
,Ba
No
tes
1.
Col
eman
R.G
., R
oss D
.R.
& M
eyro
witz
R.
(196
6)
Zel
lerit
e an
d m
etaz
elle
rite,
new
ura
nyl c
arbo
nate
s.
Am
eric
an M
iner
alog
ist,
51(1
1,12
), pp
.156
7-78
.
Ort
ho
rho
mb
ic
Pm
n21
Pea
k T
able
em
·7
3556
77
2?
I
3418
75
4 29
25
741?
28
56
700
1778
69
2?
1636
62
1 15
20
309
1439
24
9?
1429
13
78
1167
10
90
963
953?
92
4 85
7?
843?
83
0 82
2?
" ~
m C\J cr: ......
0 b ""'" 0 0
0 C\J ~
38NVllIVlSNVI:I1 %
o o Ln
o o o ~
o o Ln ....-i
o o o C\J
o o o CTl
0 0 0
""'"
o Ln C\J C\J
en cr: UJ OJ ::E ::::J Z UJ > <t 3: I o
UJ en en UJ a: 0-::E o U
UJ I-...... a: UJ ..J -...J UJ N
ZN
UC
AL
ITE
Fo
rmu
la:
Ch
em
ica
l cl
ass
: C
he
mic
al t
ype
:
Sp
eci
me
n:
So
urc
e:
Sp
ect
rum
ref
. n
o.:
S
ampl
e m
ed
ium
: X
RD
: C
om
po
siti
on
:
Ref
eren
ces:
Zn 1
2Ca
(UO
J(C
OJ3
(OH
)n
·4H
zO
Hyd
rate
d ca
rbo
na
te with
hyd
roxy
l or
halo
gen
Mis
cella
neou
s
RM
S 1
992.
49.1
yel
low
lcre
am co
lou
red
coa
ting
. P
hb
ram
, Boh
emia
, Cze
chos
lova
kia.
(typ
e lo
calit
y).
IR29
23
KB
r d
isk
4547
No
tes
1.
Jam
bor J
.L.
& P
uzie
wic
z J. (
1991
) N
ew m
iner
al n
ames
. A
mer
ican
Min
eral
ogis
t, 76
, pp.
I728
-35.
2.
Ond
ru P
., V
esel
ovsk
Y F
. &
Ryb
ka R
. (1
990)
Cry
sta
l sys
tem
: M
ine
ral g
rou
p:
Spa
ce g
rou
p:
Znu
calit
e, Zn
I2(U0
2)Ca(C
03)(O
H)22
'~O,
a ne
w m
iner
al fr
om P
ffbra
m, C
zech
oslo
vaki
a.
Neu
es la
hrb
uch
for
Min
eral
ogie
, Mon
atsh
efte
, pp.
393-
400.
Tri
clin
ic
PI
Pe
ak
Tab
le e
m"
3331
29
65
2930
17
34
1508
13
92
1082
10
46
950
890
832
801
742
706
612
517
472
369
276
3~NVllI~SNV~1 %
C)
UJ N N