infrastructure of the glaciological monitoring at …
TRANSCRIPT
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„INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE GLACIOLOGICAL MONITORING AT PASTERZE AND THE GLACIERS AROUND MT. SONNBLICK“
In Cooperation with:
Marion Greilinger1
Daniel Binder1, Lucia Felbauer1, Bernhard Hynek1, Anton Neureiter1, Stefan Reisenhofer1, Wolfgang Schöner², Gernot Weyss1
1 Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG), Wien, Österreich 2 Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Graz, Österreich
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Shrinking glaciers in a warming climate
23.04.2020 Folie 2
© Sammlung Gesellschaft für ökologische Forschung / Wolfgang Zängl
2004https://www.treehugger.com/clean-technology/yahoos-5-stunning-before-and-after-pictures-of-melting-glaciers.html
Muir Glacier, Alaska
1941
Banded Glacier, USA
1960
2016https://www.nps.gov/noca/learn/nature/glaciers.htm
1938
2016
Pasterze, Austria
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Glaciers in Austria
23.04.2020 Folie 3
• ~ 900 glaciers in Austria• Area: ~ 415 km² (2006-2012)• Volume: ~ 18 km³ (1998)
The three biggest glaciers are:
1. Gepatschferner with an area of 20 km² (17 km² in Austria) and a maximum ice thickness of 240 m
2. Pasterze with an area of 16 km² and a maximum ice thickness of 275 m
3. Obersulzbachkees with an area of 10 km² and a maximum ice thickness of 180 m
Source: Österreichische Kommission für Glaziologiehttp://www.glaziologie.at/oest-kommission-fuer-glaziologie.html
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Glacier Monitoring performed by ZAMG
23.04.2020 Folie 4
The monitoring comprises:• Direct field measurements• Geodetic measurements• Automated cameras• Automatic weather stations• Automatic (energy) mass balance stations• Automatic runoff stations
Monitoring of:• Glacier mass balance• Glacier height changes• Ice thickness • Glacier length changes• Ice flow velocities• Snow height• Ablation• Glacial runoff• Ion deposition• Meteorological parameters• Glacier lake outbreaks• Avalanches• …….
PASTERZE
SONNBLICKGEBIET
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DIRECT MASS BALANCE MEASUREMENTS
23.04.2020 Folie 5
Measurement of the accumulation via snow density measurementsat the end of the winter accumulation period together with densesnow depth measurements using a snow probe.
Measurements of the ablation using stakes which aredrilled into the ice.
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NETWORK OF AUTOMATED CAMERAS
23.04.2020 Folie 6
SONNBLICK
PASTERZE
www.foto-webcam.euwww.glacio-live.at
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GEODETIC MEASUREMENTS
23.04.2020 Folie 7
2009: Airborne Laser Scan (ALS)2018: dGPS-Measurements (excluding snow height)
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GLACIAL RUNOFF
23.04.2020 Folie 8
Automatic water gauge station since fall 2002 to measure the water level.
Annual measurements of the flow rate to convert the automated measurements of the water level to a flow rate.
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(ENERGY) MASS BALANCE STATIONS
23.04.2020 Folie 9
4 Stations on 3 glaciers: EMBS FLK MBS GOK EMBS Pasterze tongue MBS Pasterze Oberwalderhütte
Measurements of: Temperature Relative humidity Wind velocity and direction Snow height Ablation Radiation(SWin, SWout, LWin, LWout)
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RESULTS Mass Balance
23.04.2020 Folie 10
Time series of the measured annual massbalance averaged over the whole glacier area inm water equivalent
Grey: mean over the whole time seriesBlack: mean over the last 10 years
These changes in the mass balance reflects a decline in ice thickness of about 1.3-1.4 m/y (density of ice = 900 kg/m³).
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RESULTS Mass Balance
Annual mass balance highly correlated with the losses during summer!
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RESULTS Changes in glacier thickness / ice thickness
23.04.2020 Folie 12
1969 and 1998: Photogrammetric evaluation from aerial photos2012: Airborne Laser Scan2015 and 2017: „Structure from motion“
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23.04.2020 Folie 13
RESULTS Changes in glacier thickness / ice thickness
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RESULTS Glacial runoff
23.04.2020 Folie 14
Example of glacier lake outburst:
On 15.06.2017 within 9 hours a runoff of about 100.000 m³ water were measured!
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AUTOMATIC CAMERAS
23.04.2020 Folie 15
1. Monitoring of the snow coverage
2. Calculation of flow velocities
3. Documentation of glacier shrinkage
4. Changes on the glacier surface
5. Glacier movements
6. Monitoring of peri- or proglacial phenomena (e.g. glacier lake outbursts)
7. Documentation of avalanches
8. …..