Initial Environment Examination (DRAFT) Project Number: 49307-002 October 2017 People’s Republic of China: Xinjiang Hetian Comprehensive Urban Development and Environmental Improvement Project Prepared by the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Hetian Municipal Government for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 16 October 2017)

Currency unit

CNY1.00 $1.00

– = =

yuan (CNY) $0.1522 CNY6.5723

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB - Asian Development Bank AP - Affected person BOD5 - 5-day biochemical oxygen demand CO2 - carbon dioxide CO2eq - carbon dioxide equivalent COD - chemical oxygen demand CRVA - climate risk and vulnerability assessment EA - executing agency EEM - external environmental monitor EMS - environmental monitoring station EHS - environmental, health and safety EIA - environmental impact assessment EIRF - environmental impact registration form EMP - environmental management plan EPB - Environmental Protection Bureau FSR - feasibility study report FYP - five-year plan HDEP - high density polyethylene IA - implementing agency LIEC - loan implementation environmental consultant O&M - operation and maintenance PAM - project administration manual PIU - project implementation unit PLG - project leading group PMO - project management office SPS - Safeguard Policy Statement WTP - water treatment plant WWTP - wastewater treatment plant

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

dB - decibel cm - centimeter ha - hectare km – kilometer km2 – square kilometer m2 – square meter m3 – cubic meter mg/L - milligram per liter

NOTE In this report, “$” refers to United States dollars.

This initial environment examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgements as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1

II. INTRODUCTION 7 A. Project Rationale 7 B. The Proposed Project Components 7

III. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 10 A. Legislative framework for Environment Impact Assessment in the PRC 10 B. International Agreements 12 C. Policy and Planning Context 12 D. Applicable PRC and ADB Safeguards Policies and Assessment Categories 13 E. Evaluation Standards 14 F. Assessment Areas 17

IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 19 A． Project Purpose and Expected Impact 19 B． Developmental Setting 19 C． Project Components 20 D． Description of Components 21 E． Analysis of Alternatives 42 F． Associated Facilities 45

V. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 50 A． Physical Setting 50 B． Environment at Project Sites 54 C． Physical Cultural Resources 64 D． Water source Protection Zones 65 E． Socio-economic Conditions 69 F． Climate Trends and Projected Climate Change 72

VI. ANTICIPATED ENVRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 77 A． Project Benefits 77 B． Impacts Associated with Project Location, Planning, and Design 77 C． Detailed Design and Pre-Construction Phase: Measures to be Undertaken 78 D． Impacts and Mitigation Measures in the Construction Phase 80 E． Construction Impacts in Water Source Protection Zones 87 F． Worker and Community Health and Safety – Construction 88 G． Impacts and Mitigation Measures in the Operational Phase 90 H． Worker and Community Health and Safety – Operations 104 I． Induced and Indirect Impacts 105 J． Greenhouse Gas Emissions 105 K． Adaptation to Climate Change 108 L． Associated Facilities 111

VII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION, PARTICIPATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 117

A． Legislative Framework for Public Consultation and Information Disclosure 117 B． Information Disclosure 117 C． Public Consultation 119 D． Public Consultation for Tuancheng Redevelopment 124

E． Future Information Disclosure and Public Consultation Program 126

VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 127

IX. CONCLUSION 128 Annex 1: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Annex 2: CLIMATE RISK AND VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT

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I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. The government of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) has requested the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to provide financial support for the proposed Xinjiang Hetian Comprehensive Urban Development and Environmental Improvement Project (CUDEIP).

2. Water resources. The sustainable management of water resources is a critical consideration for the urban and infrastructure planning of desert oasis cities such as Hetian, In Hetian, annual rainfall is low and summer temperatures are high, and future climate projections indicate a likelihood that these conditions will continue. The PPTA has worked with the Hetian City Government to ensure that project investments contribute to the sustainable management of water. The investment in water resources management under the project is almost 40% of the total investment. The project will help Hetian to design, strengthen and manage its water system with an initial target to reduce system loss. This will be achieved through both infrastructure investment and capacity building. The project will help expand the city’s sewage collection and treatment capacity, and upgrade treatment standards to allow for use of treated wastewater. The project will introduce a pipeline system for use of the reclaimed water, thus reducing its consumption of freshwater resources. Capacity building will include groundwater assessment training, water balance assessment and water sensitive design. The project will also help Hetian in its management of critical water resources through training in groundwater assessment and water balance assessment and capacity building in water sensitive infrastructure design.

3. Urban infrastructure. The project will also promote improvements in the urban environment through the introduction of a large fleet of electric buses and their support and helping the city to implement the Tuancheng1 urban upgrading program---an in-situ urban regeneration program at the core center of the old city through a partnership between HCG and residents in the ethnic community.

4. The project will have the following outputs: (i) water sector services improved and use of reclaimed water introduced, (ii) urban road system improved, (iii) public transport service upgraded, (iv) Tuancheng urban upgrading program strengthened and implemented, and (v) development planning and project management capacity strengthened.

5. Output 1 will cover the three areas of water supply, municipal wastewater collection and treatment, and use of reclaimed water. For water supply, the project will upgrade the central water treatment plants to help achieve an expansion of treated water supply of 35,000 m3/day, water supply pipes in a total length of about 34.4 km to improve service provision, and construct a water transmission line of about 9.2 km to expand service area to Jiya county. These pipes comprise trunk lines and major distribution lines, and include new metered connections of 15,000 households to expand service area in Hetian city. The project will also introduce new management systems to enhance non-revenue water (NRW) management system to minimize water loss from the system. In the wastewater area, the project will upgrade the sewage collection pipeline with a total length of about 15.8 km, and strengthen the wastewater treatment plant by adding another 25,000 m3 treatment capacity per day at upgraded treatment standards to satisfy the need for use of the treated wastewater. The project will install special pipes in total length of about 86 km for use of reclaimed water, as the cooling water at the thermal power plant in the city, for irrigation green landscaping and city dust suppression. Twenty water spray trucks and 16 road cleaning vehicles to use the reclaimed water in the non-piped areas. New vehicles will be purchased to strengthen the wastewater system maintenance capacity and for transportation and disposal of sludge from

1 Tuancheng means “circular city”. This refers to the shape of the old Uyghur residential and market center of the

city of Hetian.

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the wastewater treatment plant.

6. Output 2 will rehabilitate or improve 5 urban roads with a total length of about 16.77 km. They are existing roads being upgraded with new sub surface, surface pavement and lane layouts in already built-up areas. No new alignments will be included. Special efforts will be made to improve the road safety and system efficiency by diverting the through traffic bypass the old city center, with public transport movements on roads prioritized and pedestrian friendly condition at the old city center, as well as enhancing the link between the old city center and the newly developed urban areas.

7. Output 3 will purchase 215 electric buses and associated charging facilities to enhance the transport capacity of the bus fleet and to replace the obsolete high-carbon emission buses, build one bus maintenance center, construct other supporting facilities (including maintenance workshop, training center, offices, and duty stations). The project will build or upgrade about 460 bus stops across the city to provide passengers with safe and more comfortable service conditions. In addition, the project will introduce an intelligent public transport system to help improve bus management, ticketing system and information management and dissemination to ensure a high level of service standards for passengers.

8. Output 4 will help 401 households in the Tuancheng area improve their living conditions through gaining access to improved municipal services, including community road, water supply, sewer collection, gas, electricity, ambulance and fire fighting services. The project will also provide technical assistance (in terms of engineering design and construction supervision) and financial subsidy to help the residents, all ethnic Uyghurs, upgrade their houses. The subsidy will be provided at the PRC established standard and procedures and is described in the project Social and Ethnic Minorities Development Plan and the Resettlement Plan. The housing upgrades will be on a voluntary basis and in a design style of their own choice, in accordance with the master plan developed through public participation.

9. Output 5 will help HCG prepare a public transport development and traffic management plan and a plan to promote livelihood promotion in the old city center. The project will also help the city strengthen its capacity to manage project implementation, particularly in the fields of financial management, procurement, safeguards monitoring, and project reporting.

10. The project will include a Transaction TA to help HCG use water sensitive city innovations and deploy evidenced-based gender and development communications actions to catalyze existing and project-financed investments.

11. The expected project impact is aligned with the government goal and development strategy, will be a well-off and harmonious society with ethnic characteristics of Hetian sustainably developed. The project is expected to achieve significant environmental benefits, particularly in the management of water resources, use of reclaimed water to replace groundwater extraction, smoother traffic flow with fuel and emissions savings, and improved public transport services.

12. Environmental safeguards categorization and due diligence. The project is classified as category B for environment. An initial environmental examination (IEE) including environmental management plan (EMP) was prepared in compliance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS, 2009) and will be disclosed on the ADB website. 2 The IEE incorporates findings of the domestic feasibility studies, domestic environmental impact assessment report (DEIA), and the Climate Risks Vulnerability Assessment (CRVA) conducted in the framework of the PPTA. The domestic safeguards documents were prepared in compliance with the PRC Law on Environmental Impact Assessment (2016), the Technical

2 ADB. 2009. Safeguard Policy Statement. Manila.

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Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (HJ 2.1-2016) and other relevant PRC regulations and guidelines. The Hetian City Environment Protection Bureau will submit final approval of the DEIA in late December 2017. The project IEE and EMP (not the DEIA) form the basis of the official loan agreement between ADB and the executing agency (the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Regional Government (XUARG)). The executing agency, through the Hetian Project Management Office (PMO), has final responsibility for implementation and compliance with the IEE and EMP.

13. Baseline environmental setting. The project area is contained within the oasis formed along the Yulongkash and Karakash Rivers at the southern edge of the Taklamakan Desert. It is fully settled with agriculture (mainly plantations of walnuts and red dates) surrounding a densely nucleated city area. No natural or critical habitats have been identified. An IBAT analysis identified the nearest area (one of a complex of Important Bird & Biodiversity Areas following the watercourses, and anabranch plains and the fringing vegetation of the Tarim Basin rivers) 12 km to the north.

14. The climate is very dry with 50% of annual rainfall as snow. Average temperatures range from -4.4 oC in mid winter to 25.6 oC in summer. Dust storms frequently occur in spring and summer. River flows peak in June-August when snow melt augments seasonal rains. The surface water discharge in Hetian is about 1,165 million m3/year. Groundwater resources under Hetian City are about 452 million m³, of which, 380 million m³ can be exploited.

15. Surface water of the Yulongkash and Karakash Rivers flowing from the Kunlun Mountains is good, meeting Class II of PRC Ambient Surface Water Quality Standards, representing potentially potable water. Similarly, groundwater quality is high, meeting Class II of the PRC Groundwater Quality Standards.

16. Air quality in the project area meets Class II of PRC Ambient Air quality Standards and within IFC-EHS targets except for particulate matter from desert dust. The acoustic environment away from mid-town is good, with typical rural noise levels. However, along many parts of the main roads planned for rehabilitation under the project noise levels already exceed both PRC standards and IFC-EHS guidelines.

17. Anticipated impacts and mitigation measures. Impacts during construction are covered by site management measures to control noise, dust, erosion, runoff and traffic and access. Since all component sites are within the built-up areas of Hetian City there will be no impacts on the natural environment or habitats. Important issues during the construction phase are: (i) strict environmental management of necessary works within water source protection zones to comply with regulatory restrictions; (ii) maximized retention of street trees; (iii) construction noise mitigation measures for sensitive receptors during road construction and pipe-laying; (iv) special management directives for road rehabilitation and pipe-laying adjoining the Kunlun Lake Park; (v) comprehensive traffic planning and management for works on major roads to avoid disruptions and traffic hazards; (vi) scheduling and phasing of utility works, demolitions and reconstruction in the Tuancheng redevelopment to minimize community disruptions; and (vii) safeguarding community health and safety from construction work in the Tuancheng redevelopment.

18. Impacts and their mitigation in the operational phase focus on noise levels from the project roads. Baseline noise on these roads already often exceed standards, so immediate and future permanent noise amelioration measures are recommended for the civil works. In this context, the retention and intensive augmentation of roadside vegetation is required by the project to also reduce noise exposure. Other potential operational impacts from project components (air emissions from roads, wastewater treatment plant; and effluent discharge from wastewater treatment plant) will be minimized through design and appropriate management measures.

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19. Induced and Indirect Impacts. These project impacts are beneficial. Improvements in water resource infrastructure and management will relieve pressure on existing groundwater resources and facilitate significant increases in urban forests with flow-on benefits to the city’s environment (microclimatic effects, carbon sequestration, oxygen generation and desert soil stabilization). Investments in improving midtown roads will provide opportunities for city authorities to direct heavy vehicles away from the city center and investment in public transport (especially electric buses and their routes) will retard the unavoidable upward trends in air pollutants from vehicles as the population increases.

20. The project’s assistance to the HCG in developing livelihood promotion will specifically address measures to avoid impacts on the lifestyles, culture and religious practices of ethnic minorities.

21. CRVA. The project Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment (CRVA) has found that the project area is characterized by (i) low rainfall, which will not significantly change in the period to 2040 and thereafter marginally decrease by between 2 and 3% by 2100 with high yearly variability; and (ii) very low average temperatures, which will increase by between 12 and 33% by 2040 and 2100 respectively. Since winters are very cold in the project area, the increases in average temperatures will be most apparent in the warmer seasons. Higher summer temperatures and consequent high evapotranspiration rates have the potential to magnify the decreases in rainfall, resulting in local seasonal droughts. In this situation, strong summer winds may reverse the decreasing trend in dust storms. However, it also concluded that the vulnerability of project infrastructure components to these changes is relatively low.

22. Climate change adaptation. Adaptation measures recommended by the CRVA have been incorporated in preliminary design considerations and will be carried forward into the detailed design phase. These measures mainly relate to water conservancy and water resources management, including water recycling, which are key outputs of the project. Other measures relate to continued expansion of the electric bus fleet and the promotion of energy efficient building forms and streetscapes in the Tuancheng urban renewal.

23. Net estimated GHG emissions. The balance of GHG emissions and savings for all project components were estimated and the results are summarized in Table I.1 below. The project will result in a net reduction of GHG emissions estimated at 22,636 t CO2e/year.

Table I.1: Project GHG Emissions and Savings (t CO2e/year). Electric Buses Traffic on project

Roads WWTP Recycled

water Totals (ADB

components) Whole Plant ADB-funded Expansion

GHG Emissions 2,250 – 5,440 0 40,000 13,250 1005 16,505 – 19,695 GHG Savings 12,900 – 16,100 24,786 3,600 – 5,300 1,200 – 1700 0 38,886 – 42,586

Total Reduction (of mean values) 22,636 24. Project costs for the inclusion of climate change adaptation and greenhouse gas mitigation components and measures have been calculated, on the basis of the estimated proportion of the base cost of each component or measure leading to the adaptation or mitigation outcome. The costs are $10.78 million for adaptation and $22.72 million for mitigation.

25. Associated facilities. Since all project components will be undertaken within the context of Hetian’s Urban Development Plan and will be in areas of urban rehabilitation and renewal, project components will complement other developments or be dependent upon their proper functioning. These are classified as associated facilities and comprise Hetian Water Supply Plants #1 and #2; Hexi WWTP; Hedong WWTP; Huawei Hetian Power Generation Plant; and Hetian landfill.

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26. An environmental due diligence for the current and planned operation of each as appropriate has been undertaken, checking environmental approvals and compliance records and site inspections to identify operational issues. The major non-compliance is at the Hexi WWTP which has consistently failed to achieve treated wastewater of the required quality, discharging low quality treated wastewater consistent with secondary treatment only (filtration and sedimentation) into Dongfeng Canal, and has been stockpiling dewatered sludge on-site. These issues will be addressed as part of project implementation.

27. Environmental management plan (EMP) implementation arrangements. The responsibilities for environmental management and supervision during the various stages of implementation of the project are defined in the EMP.3 The EMP will be implemented in all phases of the project—design, pre-construction, construction, and operation. The EMP complies with the PRC’s environmental laws and ADB’s SPS (2009). The EMP contains (i) objectives; (ii) roles and responsibilities; (iii) mitigation measures; (iv) inspection, monitoring, and reporting arrangements; (v) training and institutional strengthening; (vi) grievance redress mechanism (GRM); and (vii) future public consultation. The EMP is included at Attachment 1 of the IEE and will be updated at the end of the detailed design. The EMP will also be included as a separate annex in all bidding and contract documents.

28. The contractors will be made aware (through the PMO and the tendering agency) of their obligations to implement the EMP and to budget EMP implementation costs in their proposals. XUARG (through the PMO) and the PIUs will assume overall responsibility for implementing, supervising, monitoring, and reporting on the EMP. Their capacity to implement the EMP, as well as the capacity of the operation and maintenance unit to manage project facilities, will be strengthened through capacity building and training activities defined under project’s capacity building output. The PMO and the implementing agencies will assign qualified staff to coordinate and monitor EMP implementation. Environment management and sector specialists contracted by the PMO will support these.

29. The EMP includes a comprehensive monitoring plan, which covers both internal monitoring (by contractors during construction and operation and maintenance units during operation) and external monitoring by contracted Environmental Monitoring Station (EMS). These will cover the main measurable parameters of air and water pollution, noise, odor and hazards. The Loan Implementation Environmental Consultant (LIEC) will monitor overall compliance with all EMP requirements. The results of monitoring will be included in the project progress reports. The XUARG (through the PMO) submit Environmental Monitoring Reports to ADB semiannually during construction and the implementation of the Project and the EMP until the issuance of ADB’s Project completion report. An external monitor will evaluate the findings of the internal monitoring and EMS and report separately and annually to ADB.

30. Public consultation. Information disclosure and public consultation have been conducted during preparation of the domestic EIR in compliance with PRC regulatory framework, and for this project IEE in compliance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009). Information disclosure and consultation included disclosure on the internet, community posting, a questionnaire survey, and discussion forums in two languages (Mandarin and Uyghur) attended by affected people and other concerned stakeholders. Knowledge and support for the project was high.

31. Grievance redress mechanism. A project-specific GRM will be established before the loan effectiveness to receive and manage any public environmental issues that may arise due to the project. The environment specialists and social officers in the PMO and implementing agencies will coordinate the GRM. All project agencies and staff will be trained in the GRM

3 Any revisions of the EMP will be disclosed in compliance with ADB Public Communications Policy (2011).

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and will take an active role in supporting the GRM when necessary.

32. A plan for public consultation during construction and the initial phase of project operation has been developed and included in the EMP. The PMO and the PIUs will be responsible for organizing the public consultations, with the support of the loan implementation environmental consultant (LIEC). Eye-catching public notice boards will be set at each work site to provide information on the purpose of the project activity, the duration of disturbance, the responsible entities on-site (contractor, construction supervision company, PIU, PMO), and the project level Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM).

33. Conclusion. It is concluded that full and effective implementation of the safeguard measures described in this IEE will combine to minimize adverse environmental impacts of the project, and contribute to the project achieving its goals. The EMP and legal assurances to be defined in the project and loan agreements will ensure that these measures are implemented in an appropriate institutional framework and are supported through comprehensive training, monitoring and reporting arrangements. The IEE concludes that the Project is feasible from an environment safeguards point of view, and the environmental categorization of “Category B” is confirmed.

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II. INTRODUCTION

A. Project Rationale

34. The government of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) has requested the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to provide financial support for the proposed Xinjiang Hetian Comprehensive Urban Development and Environmental Improvement Project (CUDEIP).

35. The proposed project aims to improve the living conditions of Hetian city (Hetian) in line with a revised and inclusive UDP. It is a multisectoral project that will address urgent environmental and infrastructure needs to support the sustainable development of Hetian. The project will deliver five outputs: (i) water sector services improved and use of reclaimed water introduced, (ii) urban road system improved, (iii) public transport service upgraded, (iv) Tuancheng urban upgrading program strengthened and implemented, and (v) development planning and project management capacity strengthened.

B. The Proposed Project Components

36. The designed project outputs and subprojects supporting those outputs are shown in Table II.1. The project will include non-engineering components which will complement the hardware investments by supporting the urban-rural integration from social, economic, institutional and cultural perspectives. The project location map is shown in Figure II.1.

Table II.1: Project outputs and activities No. Outputs PIU Subcomponent Project activities

1.

Water sector services improved and use of reclaimed water introduced

HWSSC

Water supply

(i) upgrading the water supply system in downtown with a total length of 34.4 km;

(ii) installing water supply pipeline from city center to Jiya Township with a total length of 9.2 km.

Wastewater collection and treatment

(i) upgrading and expanding the wastewater treatment facility by providing new capacity of 25,000 m3/d with tertiary treatment to provide reclaimed water for reuse;

(ii) installation of sewage collection pipes of 15.8 km.

Recycling of reclaimed water

(i) Installation of new reclaimed water supply pipes at a total length of 86 km.

2. Urban road system improved

HBHUD Roads construction and upgrading

Rehabilitation/improvement of 5 urban roads in the old urban area, with total length of 16.77 km

3.

Public transport service upgraded

HYPTT Public transport system

(i) Construction of a new bus maintenance center, covers an area of 150 ha;

(ii) Purchase of 215 electric buses and associated charging system;

(iii) 46 new bus stops will be built and 384 bus stops will be upgraded;

(iv) Establish an intelligent public transportation system.

4.

Tuancheng urban upgrading program strengthened and implemented

HBHUD Urban development

(i) Living conditions of 401 households in Tuancheng area will be improved through gaining direct access to standard municipal services, including water supply, sewer collection, garbage collection, ambulance service, etc.;

(ii) technical assistance (in terms of engineering design and construction supervision) and financial subsidy will be provided to the residents for upgrading their houses.

5.

Development planning and project management capacity strengthened

HDRC-HPMO

Capacity development

(i) Preparation of a public transport development and traffic management plan;

(ii) Preparation of an livelihood promotion program; (iii) strengthen HCG’s capacity to manage project implementation,

particularly in the fields of financial management, procurement, safeguards monitoring and project reporting.

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Figure II.1: Location of Project Components and Activities

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37. Environmental safeguards categorization and due diligence. According to the PRC Environmental Protection Law (amended in 2014), Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Law (2016) and Management Guideline on EIA Categories of construction Projects (2015), a domestic EIA report (DEIA) is required for the project.

38. Under ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS, 2009) the project is classified as category B for environment. An initial environmental examination (IEE) including environmental management plan (EMP) was prepared in compliance with the SPS and disclosed on the ADB website. 4 The IEE incorporates findings of the domestic feasibility studies, DEIA, the CRVA conducted in the framework of the PPTA, as well as site visits to the subprojects by the PPTA Environment Team.

4 ADB. 2009. Safeguard Policy Statement. Manila.

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III. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

A. Legislative framework for Environment Impact Assessment in the PRC

39. Environmental safeguards categorization and due diligence. According to the PRC Environmental Protection Law (amended in 2014), Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Law (2016) and Management Guideline on EIA Categories of construction Projects (2015), a domestic EIA report (DEIA) is required for the project5.

40. The domestic EIAR was prepared in compliance with the PRC Law on Environmental Impact Assessment (2016), the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (HJ/T2.3-93) and other relevant PRC regulations and guidelines. The Hetian City Environment Protection Bureau (EPB) will approve the DEIA before the commencement of the construction activities.6

41. The DEIA conducted for the project was prepared under the EIA Law of 2016, Management Guideline on EIA Categories of construction Projects (2015), and the following laws and regulations (Tables III.1 and Table III.2).

Table III.1 Applicable Laws No. Name of the Laws Effective Data 1. Environmental Protection Law 1 January 2015 2. Environmental Impact Assessment Law 1 September 2016 3. Water Law 1 October 2002 4. Law on Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes April 24 2015 5. Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law Jun. 1, 2008 6. Law on Water and Soil Conservation March 1 2011 7. Law on Energy Conservation 1 April, 2008 8. Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics 29 December, 2007 9. Law on Promotion of Clean Production 1 June, 2003 10. Law on Prevention and Control of Air Pollution 1 January 2016 11. Law on Prevention and Control of Pollution from Environmental Noise 1 March, 1997 12. Land Administration Law 2004 13. Urban and Rural Planning Law 1 January 2008

Sources: Consolidated by PPTA Environmental Team, May 2017.

Table III.2: Applicable Administrative Regulations and Rules No. Name of Regulations and Rules Effective Data National Level 1. Ordinance of Urban Drainage and Sewage Treatment State Council Order No.

641, 2014 2. Notice by the State Council on Issuing the Air Pollution Prevention and

Control Plan Doc. No. 37, 2013

3. Notice on Issuing the Guidelines of Facilitating Joint Prevention and Joint Control of Air Pollution and Improving Regional Air Quality”

State Council General Office Doc. No. 33, 2010

4. Ordnance of the People’s Republic of China on Government Information Disclosure

State Council Order No. 492, 2008

5. Decision by the State Council on Implementing the Concept of Scientific Development and Strengthening Environmental Protection

State Council Doc. No. 39, 2005

6. Ordnance of Environmental Protection and Management of Construction Projects

State Council Order No. 682, 1 Oct 2017

7. Management Guideline on EIA Categories of construction Projects MEP Order No. 44, 2017 8. Notice by the General Office of Ministry of Environmental Protection on

Implementing the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan and Strictly Enforcing Environmental Impact Assessment Permit System

MEP Doc. No. 30, 2014

5 According to Management guideline on EIA categories of construction projects (2015), the domestic

categorization follows the highest requirement of each project activities, which is the road construction component in this project (for the project that newly build or expand the main road projects should prepare DEIA).

6 DEIA should be approved before the commencement of construction activities due to the new PRC Environmental Impact Assessment Law (effected on 1 September 2016).

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No. Name of Regulations and Rules Effective Data 9. Notice on Issuing the Guidelines of Government Information Disclosure of

Environmental Impact Assessment of Construction Projects MEP-Office Doc. No. 103, 2013

10. Notice on Strengthening Risk Precaution and Strictly Managing Environmental Impact Assessment MEP Doc. No. 98, 2012

11. Notice on Further Strengthening Management of Environmental Impact Assessment and Preventing Environmental Risks MEP Doc. No. 77, 2012

12. Provisional Methods of Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment MEP Doc. No. 28, 2006

13. Provisional Methods of Management of Projects Financed by International Financial Institutions and Foreign Governments NDRC Order No. 28, 2005

14. Management Methods of Final Acceptance of Environmental Protection Aspects of Construction Projects SEPA Order No. 13, 2002

XUAR Level 15. Regulation on Environment Protection of XUAR January 1 2017 16. Provisions on the Administration of Public Participation for Project

Construction in XUAR (trial) Oct 23 2013

17. Ecological Zoning of XUAR April 21 2004 18. Water Function Zone of XUAR August 12 2004 Project City and County Level 19. Working Program on Water Pollution Protection and Control of Hetian December 2015 20. Hetian Thirteenth Five-year Plan June 2016 21. Hetian Thirteenth Five-year Plan on Infrastructure Improvement June 2016 22. Hetian City Master Plan on Urban Development (2012-2030) 2013 23. Hetian Master Plan on Land Utilization (2010-2020) 2009

Sources: Consolidated by PPTA Environmental Team, May 2017. 42. Implementation of the environmental laws and regulations is supported by a series of associated management and technical specifications and standards (Table III.3).

Table III.3: Applicable Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines No. Name of Guideline Year/Code 1. Technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment –General principles HJ2.1-2016 2. Technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment - Atmospheric environment HJ2.2-2008 3. Technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment - Surface water environment HJ/T2.3-93 4. Technical guidelines for noise impact assessment – Acoustic environment HJ2.4-2008 5. Technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment-Groundwater HJ610-2016 6. Technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment- Ecological environment HJ19-2011 7. Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment on Projects HJ/T 169-2004

8. Technical Specifications on Comprehensive Management of Water and Soil Conservation T16453.1~6-96

Sources: Consolidated by PPTA Environmental Team, May 2017.

43. The PRC environmental quality standard system that supports the environmental laws and regulations is classified into two categories by function: pollutant emission/discharge standards; and, ambient environmental standards (Table III-4).

Table III.4: Applicable Environmental Standards Name of Standards Code Ambient Air Quality Standard GB3095-2012 Environmental Quality Standards for Noise GB3096-2008 Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standard for Groundwater GB/T14848-93 Water Quality Standard for Sewage Discharged into Municipal Sewers CJ343-2010 Emission Standard of Environment Noise for Boundary of Construction Site GB 12523-2011 Domestic Drinking Water Quality Standard GB 5749-2006 Standard for Pollution Control on Hazardous Waste Storage GB 18597-2001 Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard GB 8978-2002

Sources: Consolidated by PPTA Environmental Team, May 2017.

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B. International Agreements

44. The PRC is a signatory to many international agreements relevant to environment protection. Only those relevant to the Xinjiang Hetian Comprehensive Urban Development and Environmental Improvement Project, along with the date of signing by the PRC, are listed in Table III.5.

Table III.5: International Agreements with the PRC as a Signatory Name of Agreement PRC

Signing Date

Agreement Objective

Convention on Biological Diversity December 29, 1993

To develop national strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. Project greening using native species is in line with this convention

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

March 21, 1994

To achieve stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a low enough level to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. The project CRVA is developed under this framework.

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification

December 26, 1996

To combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought through national action programs that incorporate long-term strategies supported by international cooperation and partnership arrangements. Project greening using native species is in line with this convention

Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

February 23, 2005

To further reduce greenhouse gas emissions by enhancing the national programs of developed countries aimed at this goal and by establishing percentage reduction targets for the developed countries. Control of greenhouse gas emissions in project components is in line with this convention.

UNESCO Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage

1985 This convention integrates the practice of heritage conservation in the PRC with that being done around the world. XUAR has a number of world heritage sites, which are avoided for both direct and indirect impacts

C. Policy and Planning Context

45. The project is in line with the 13th Five Year Economical &Environmental Planning (2016-2020) released in 5 December 2016 by the State Council. The 13th FY EEP emphasized the urgency to:

- Accelerate improvement of urban sewage treatment system and strengthen construction of supporting sewage collection networks. Priority shall be given to the urban village (shanty towns) and suburban area. To 2020 year, the sewage treatment rate of built-up areas of all counties in the country shall reach 85%.

- Accelerate construction of solid waste treatment facilities, achieving full coverage of urban garbage disposal facilities; and

- Construction of shelter forest system. 46. The Water Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan (or known as the “Water Ten Plan) issued by the State Council on 15 April 2015) sets out 10 general measures which can be broken down to 38 sub-measures covering construction of supporting wastewater collection system in shanty towns and suburban areas.

47. The proposed project will support infrastructure needs following the Urban Development Master Plan (UDMP) of Hetian City (2012-2030) and the Infrastructure Improvement of Hetian City during the 13th Five Year Plan (FYP) approved in 2013 and 2016 respectively. The UDMP

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is fully reviewed in CUDEIP Supplementary Document 10: Subproject for Tuancheng Subproject Area 3. The plan identifies a number of policies and proposals which include: (i) the need to improve public service levels, including urban infrastructure; (ii) the need for better living and working conditions, including housing provision, and (iii) the need to diversify and expand the local economy, including livelihood promotion program. Specifically, on urban infrastructure and community facilities provision the UDMP notes that much of the utilities infrastructure and facilities in Hetian City are obsolete and/or are in need of upgrading. The plan specifies improvements to the provision of various urban utilities, including water supply, sewage collection and treatment.7

D. Applicable PRC and ADB Safeguards Policies and Assessment Categories

48. ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS, 2009) provides the basis for this project IEE. Projects funded by ADB must comply with the SPS. The purpose of the SPS is to establish an environmental review process to ensure that projects funded under ADB loans are environmentally sound, comply with domestic laws, and are not likely to cause significant environment, health, or safety hazards. ADB uses a classification system to reflect the significance of a project’s potential environmental impacts. A project’s category is determined by the category of its most environmentally sensitive component, including direct, indirect, cumulative, and induced impacts in the project’s area of influence. Each proposed project is scrutinized as to its type, location, scale, and sensitivity and the magnitude of its potential environmental impacts. Projects are assigned to one of the following four categories:

(i) Category A. A proposed project is classified as category A if it is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. An environmental impact assessment is required.

(ii) Category B. A proposed project is classified as category B if its potential adverse environmental impacts are less adverse than those of category A projects. These impacts are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for category A projects. An initial environmental examination is required.

(iii) Category C. A proposed project is classified as category C if it is likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. No environmental assessment is required although environmental implications need to be reviewed.

(iv) Category FI. A proposed project is classified as category FI if it involves investment of ADB funds to or through a FI (paras. 65-67 in SPS, 2009).

49. Under ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS, 2009) the project is classified as category B for environment. An initial environmental examination (IEE) including environmental management plan (EMP) was prepared in compliance with the SPS and disclosed on the ADB website. 8 The IEE incorporates findings of the domestic feasibility studies, DEIA, the CRVA conducted in the framework of the PPTA, as well as site visits to the subprojects by the PPTA Environment Team.

50. The IEE includes an EMP (Attachment 1). This is the key guiding document for environmental-related issues in the construction and operational phases of the project. The potential impacts of project components are identified in the IEE, and the mitigation and protection measures to avoid, reduce, and/or mitigate these impacts to acceptable levels are 7 The UDMP is reviewed in CUDEIP Supplementary Document 10: Subproject for Tuancheng Phase 3 Area 8 ADB. 2009. Safeguard Policy Statement. Manila.

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described in the EMP. The EMP also defines the roles and responsibilities of relevant institutions, procedures and the EMP budget. The EMP draws on the findings of the project IEE, PPTA team’s investigations and consultations with the relevant government agencies.

51. The EMP will be coordinated by the PMO and implemented by the PIUs and their construction contractors. The EMP will be incorporated within Technical Specifications for construction, and will also be made available to the detailed design team to ensure all pre-construction mitigations are included within the Projects’ final design.

52. The project IEE and EMP (not the DEIA) form the basis of the official loan agreement between ADB and the executing agency. The executing agency, through the PMO, has final responsibility for implementation and compliance with the IEE and EMP.

E. Evaluation Standards

53. The environmental standard system that supports the implementation of the environmental protection laws and regulations in the PRC can be classified by function-ambient environmental quality standards, and by pollutant emission and/or discharge standards. ADB’s SPS requires projects to apply pollution prevention and control technologies and practices consistent with international good practices such as the World Bank Group’s Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines 9 . For this assessment, where EHS standards exist for parameters and are relevant, they are used in parallel with PRC standards in this assessment.

1. Evaluation against Ambient Standards 54. The Hetian City Environmental Protection Bureau has designated the environmental quality classes that apply to each component of the proposed Project (Table III.6).

Table III.6: Environmental Quality Classes in the Project Area Variable Function Classes Air quality Class II of GB3095-2012 Acoustic environment Class II of GB3096-2008 for residential area

Class 4a of GB3096-2008 for 30 m of road side Surface water quality Class II of GB3838-2002 for Kalakesh River as drinking water source Groundwater quality Class III of GB/T 14848-93 Soil quality Class II of GB15618-1995

Source: consolidated domestic EIAs

55. Surface water quality. Surface water quality is relevant to all project components, since surface water will be affected by runoff from construction sites and from the operation of road drainage in operation. The ambient environmental standard applied in this IEE is Class II of Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838－2002) for Kalakeshen River (Table III.7). Class II is suitable for drinking water sources. Class IV is suitable for general industrial use and non-contact recreational activities. Class V is the worst which is only suitable for agricultural and scenic water uses. The WBG has guidelines on effluent quality standards but not ambient water quality, and recognizes the use of local ambient water quality criteria for EHS purpose.

Table III.7: Surface Water Ambient Quality Standards (Unit: mg/L) Standard DO BOD COD NH3-N pH TP TN (GB3838-2002) – Class II 6 3 15 0.5 6-9 ≤0.1 ≤0.5 (GB3838-2002) – Class III ≥5 ≤4 ≤20 ≤1.0 6-9 ≤0.2 ≤1.0

9World Bank Group. 2007. Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines General EHS Guidelines. Washington.

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(GB3838-2002) – Class V ≥5 ≤10 ≤40 ≤2.0 6-9 ≤0.4 ≤2.0

56. Air quality. The relevant ambient air quality evaluation standard for the urban and peri-urban areas where subprojects are to be sited has been nominated by the local EPB as Grade II of Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-2012). The concentration limits are shown in Table III.8. This is an example of where the nominated PRC evaluation standard is less stringent for some parameters (SO2, PM2.5) than the EHS guideline. Air quality will be impacted by dust and construction machinery emissions during the construction period at all site. In operation, vehicular emissions from traffic on project roads and dust and odor will also be generated from the working landfill site. Materials haulage during both construction and operations will also contribute dust to the atmosphere.

Table III.8: Ambient Air Quality Grade II Standard Pollutant Averaging Period PRC Class II (mg/m3) EHS (mg/m3)

(World Bank Group 2007) Standard (GB3095-2012) SO2 Annual average 0.06 n/a

Daily average 0.15 0.125-0.05 (0.02 guideline) Hourly average 0.50 n/a

PM10 Annual average 0.07 0.07-0.03 (0.02 guideline) Daily average 0.15 0.075-0.15 (0.05 guideline)

NO2 Annual average 0.04 0.04 guideline Daily average 0.08 n/a Hourly average 0.20 0.20 guideline

CO Daily average 4.0 n/a Hourly average 10 n/a

TSP Annual average 0.20 n/a Daily average 0.30 n/a

PM2.5 Annual average n/a 0.015-0.035 Daily average 0.15 0.0375-0.075 Hourly average 0.35 n/a

Source: Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-2012).

57. Acoustic quality. Ambient environmental noise levels will be impacted by construction machinery during the construction period at all sites. In operation, there will be vehicular noise from traffic on project roads and from the working landfill site. Materials haulage during both construction and operations will also potentially contribute to noise levels. Noise impacts for the project’s settings will be evaluated against Class II standards of the Ambient Acoustic Quality Standard (GB3096-2008). GB 3096-2008 categorizes five functional areas based on their tolerance to noise pollution: from Class 0 to Class 4. Class 0 is for areas with convalescent facilities that are the least tolerant to noisy environment and therefore has the most stringent day and night time noise standards. Class 1 is for areas predominated by residential areas, hospitals and clinics, educational institutions and research centers. Class 2 is for areas with mixed residential and commercial functions. Class 3 is for areas with industrial production and storage and logistics functions. Class 4 is for regions adjacent to traffic noise sources such as major roads and highways, and is subdivided into 4a and 4b with the former applicable to major road and marine traffic noise and the latter applicable to rail noise. Standards for various functional area categories are compared with the WBG’s EHS guidelines in Table III.9 showing that the EHS guidelines have lower noise limits for residential, commercial and industrial mixed areas but higher noise limits for industrial areas. The EHS guidelines do not have separate noise limits for trunk roads but apply the same noise limits based on whether the areas are for residential or industrial uses.

Table III.9: Environmental Quality Standards for Noise (equivalent sound level LAeq: dB) Noise Functional Area Category

Applicable Area GB 3096-2008 Standard IFC EHS Targets

Day 06:00-22:00

Night 22:00-06:00

Day 07:00-22:00

Night 22:00-07:00

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0 Areas needing extreme quiet, such as convalescence areas

50 40 - -

1 Areas mainly for residence, hospitals, cultural and educational institutions, administration offices

55 45 55 45

2 Residential, commercial and industrial mixed areas

60 50 55 45

3 Industrial areas, warehouses and logistic parks

65 55 70 70

4a Area within 35 m from both sides of expressway, and Class 1 and Class 2 roads

70 55 - -

58. Groundwater quality. Groundwater quality will potentially be affected by the operations at the landfill site. Groundwater quality will be assessed against Class III standards according to Quality Standards for Groundwater (GB/T14848-1993) (Table III.10). There are no equivalent EHS targets.

Table III.10: Quality Standards for Groundwater Item pH Permanganate

Index Total Hardness

Nitrate Nitrogen

Fluoride Total E.coli

Class III

6.5-8.5 ≤3.0 mg/L ≤450 mg/L ≤20 mg/L ≤1.0 mg/L ≤3.0x103/L

59. Soil. Soil quality is important for human use of lands. It is also important to establish a baseline for soil quality in relation to developments which have the potential to impact on soil quality (e.g. landfill). Soil quality in the PRC is divided into three classes according to the Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB 15618-1995). Class I represents the best and Class III the worst. Class II is applicable for the proposed project area (Table III.11). There are no equivalent EHS targets.

Table III.11: Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (Class II) Parameter Maximum Allowable Concentration (mg/kg dry weight) pH 6.5-7.5 Cadmium (Cd) 0.30 Mercury (Hg) 0.50 Arsenic (As) paddy / dry land 25 / 30 Copper (Cu) farmland / orchard 100 / 200 Lead (Pb) 300 Chromium (Cr) paddy / Dry land 300 / 200 Zinc (Zn) 250 Nickel (Ni) 50

2. Emission Standards for Construction and Operation Activities

60. Air quality. Fugitive emission of particulate matter (such as dust from construction sites) is regulated under PRC‘s Air Pollutant Integrated Emission Standard (GB 16297-1996), which sets 120 mg/m3 as the maximum allowable emission concentration and ≤1.0 mg/m3 as the concentration limit at the boundary of construction sites, with no specification on the particle diameter. Odor from the solid waste transfer station should follow the Malodorous Pollutant Emission Standard (GB 14554-93). The maximum allowable concentrations at the boundary of the sites for NH3, H2S and odor are 1.5 mg/m3 and 0.06 mg/m3.

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61. Wastewater. Discharge of wastewater from construction sites is regulated under PRC‘s Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB 3838-2002). Class I standards apply to discharges into Class III water bodies under GB 3838-2002. Class II standards apply to discharges into Categories IV and V water bodies. Class III standards apply to discharges into municipal sewers going to municipal WWTPs with secondary treatment.

Table III.12: Integrated Wastewater Discharge Parameter Class I Class II Class III For discharge into

Class III water body For discharge into Class IV and V water bodies

For discharge into municipal sewer

pH 6–9 6–9 6–9 SS mg/L 70 150 400 BOD5 mg/L 20 30 300 COD mg/L 100 150 500 TPH mg/L 5 10 20 Volatile phenol mg/L 0.5 0.5 2.0 NH3-N mg/L 15 25 --- PO42- (as P) mg/L 0.5 1.0 --- LAS (= anionic surfactant) mg/L

5.0 10 20

62. Noise. Construction noise will be assessed against the PRC Emission Standards of Ambient Noise for Boundary of Site Noise (GB 12523-2011) and Class II of Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary (GB 12348-2008) (Table III.13) measured at the site boundary.

Table III.13: Construction Site Noise Limits. Unit: Leq [dB (A)] Period Major Noise Source Noise Limit

Day Night Construction Bulldozer, excavators and loader; pile driving machines; concrete

mixer, vibrator and electric saw; hoist and lifter 70 55

Operation Pumps 60 50 63. Vibration. Construction activities will cause vibration impact, and should comply with the Standard for Urban Area Environmental Vibration (GB10070-88) (Table III.14).

Table III.14: Vertical Vibration Standard Value for Various Urban Areas (Unit: dB) Scope of applicable area Day Night Special residential area 65 65 Residential, cultural and educational area 70 67 Mixed area and commercial center 75 72 Industrial centralized area 75 72 Both sides of traffic trunk line 75 72 Both sides of railway main line 80 80

F. Assessment Areas

64. The assessment areas for air, noise, water and ecological impacts are defined by the technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment in the PRC, based on the environmental sensitivity of the project areas and vicinity as well as the nature of the project and its components.

65. The domestic EIAs followed these guidelines in defining the assessment scopes. The assessment areas for the infrastructure components are shown in Table III.16. The project IEE followed these areas of influenced defined in the DEIA.

Table III.15: Assessment Areas of the Infrastructure Components Component Indicator Assessment area

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Urban roads component

Air Within 200 m on both sides from the road center line Surface water Only analyze against the discharge standards

Noise Within 200 m on both sides from the road center line Vibration Within 50 m on both sides from the road center line

Landscape Within 200 m on both sides from the road center line

Water supply component

Air Within 200 m both sides of the pipes Ecology10 Within 30 m both sides of the pipes

Surface water Only analyze against the discharge standards Noise Within 200 m both sides of the pipes

Wastewater treatment and

drainage component

Air Within 2.5 km radius of the wastewater treatment plant site; within 200 m both sides of the drainage

pipes Surface water At nearest water body (Dongfeng Canal)

Noise At the plant boundary (there a no sensitive receptor sites within 500m)

Reclaimed water network

component

Air Within 200 m both sides of the pipes Ecology Within 30 m both sides of the pipes

Surface water Only analyze against the discharge standards Noise Within 200 m both sides of the pipes

Public transportation

component

Air Within 100 m of the bus service station Surface water Only analyze against the discharge standards

Noise Within 100 m of the bus service station

Tuancheng urban upgrading component

Air Whole covered area of Tuancheng component 108,187.4m2

Surface water Surface water system and drainage system of the Tuancheng Component

Noise Within the Tuancheng Component Source: DEIA, May 2017.

10 Ecological area of influence only applicable to some components. The proposed works for others(WWTP, Urban Transport and Tuancheng renewal) do not impinge on any natural ecology since they are restricted to built-up areas

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IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A． Project Purpose and Expected Impact

66. Socially inclusive and environmentally sustainable development is critical as Hetian is (i) an oasis city located between Kunlun Mountains and Taklimakan Desert whose development is constrained by its remoteness to major markets and its natural conditions, (ii) an ethnic and historical city which has a rich yet unique cultural background and ethnic context, and (iii) a dynamic regional center city of southern XUAR that has potential to become a regional hub at a strategic intersection on the south route of the transportation corridor along the ancient Silk Road to link the PRC with the world markets through neighboring countries under the One Belt and One Road Initiative.

67. The proposed project aims to improve the living conditions of Hetian city (Hetian) in line with a revised and inclusive UDP. It is a multisectoral project that will address urgent environmental and infrastructure needs to support the sustainable development of Hetian. The project will deliver five outputs: (i) water supply, wastewater, and reclaimed water infrastructure renovated and expanded; (ii) urban transport infrastructure constructed; (iii) public transportation system and equipment improved; and (iv) capacity developed and skills built.

B． Developmental Setting

68. Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) is located on the north-western frontier of PRC and is centrally located on the Eurasian continent. Xinjiang borders with eight countries and lies upon the ancient Silk Road. Xinjiang’s rapid economic growth rate at 9.8% and urbanization during past two decades resulted in overall improvement of the economic well-being of its people. Hetian City is located in the southernmost of the Xinjiang, north of the Kunlun Mountains and south of the Taklamakan Desert. The principal investments will be in Hetian City part of the Hetian District, which occupies an area of 585.11 km2, with an urban area of 25 km2. Hetian City administers 6 townships, 2 towns, 4 sub-districts and 1 Industrial Park. By the end of 2013, Hetian City had a total population of 331,400, which included Uyghur, Han, Hui, Kazak and other 9 ethnic minorities. The Uyghur population is 288,600, which is 87.08% of the total city population, the Han population is 41,100, constituting 12.41% of the total population. An addition 1,700 people are from other ethnic groups (0.51% of total population).The 2015 population is 344,000 compared to the 2011 projection of 320,000 by 2015. Hetian City also includes Jiya county which includes 19 administrative villages.

69. Hetian City is a growing city whose urban infrastructure, services, and environment are struggling to keep up with population growth. At the same time, the city faces significant climate and geological challenges including an arid climate with very low rainfall, dependency on constrained water resources, and an encroaching desert. Key roads are congested with poor pedestrian crossing options, limiting growth and increasing risks for its citizens. The boundaries for urban expansion are limited by the surrounding desert, forcing the city to build up, rather than out.

70. Consistent with the national and XURG development strategy, HCG, through its 13th Five Year Development Program for 2016-2020, plans to develop Hetian City as a regional center city in southern XUAR. In particular, the Five Year Program emphasizes the importance of developing Hetian City as a livable, socially inclusive and environmentally sustainable city. The Project proposed by HCG for comprehensive urban development and environmental improvement is consistent with the Five Year Program. The Project will help the city address the existing urban infrastructure bottleneck and also place a foundation to support sustainable development of the city over the long run.

71. The project components all fit within existing Master Plans for the Hetian city. These are:

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• Master Planning of Hetian City (2012-2030); • Infrastructure Improvement of Hetian City during the 13th Five Year Plan (FYP);

72. These plans comprise short, medium and long-term planning horizons. Under their umbrella are a series of sector plans addressing road networks and traffic, water supply, wastewater management, heating and solid waste management. All project components are identified as parts of these plans. Project components will not induce development in new areas but will promote the orderly realization of the master plans. The project sites are already planned and commenced urban areas, mostly residential, with some commercial or mixed functions. The roads especially complete parts of established urban road networks, which will complement and connect traffic flow in other parts of the network and service commercial centers and residential neighborhoods.

C． Project Components

Output 1: Water sector services improved and use of reclaimed water introduced i. Water supply network renovation: Expansion of treated water supply to 35,000 m3/day

by upgrades of WSP #1 and #2. Renovation of sections of the existing water supply network to increase the reliability of water supply, totalling 34.4 km. Extension of the water supply network to Jiya Township, with a total length of 9.2 km. Enhancement of non-revenue water (NRW) management system to minimize water loss.

ii. Wastewater treatment and network renovation and expansion: Renovation and upgrade a wastewater treatment plant, with additional wastewater treatment capacity of 25,000 m3/d, renovation of sections of the existing wastewater supply network (15.8 km) to increase the reliability of wastewater collection, and expansion of the system to provide service to additional areas. Purchase of 13 maintenance vehicles.

iii. Reclaimed water network construction: An entire new practice of reusing wastewater, once it has been treated, for industrial and urban greening practices will be undertaken through the construction of 86 km reclaimed water distribution network. The reclaimed water will be sourced from the Hexi and Hedong WWTPs and be used for greening in industrial parks, along streets and in desert stabilization plantings. It will also be used for road spraying to prevent dust and at the Huawei Hetian Power station for cooling water.

Output 2: Urban road system improved iv. Urban roads construction: Renovation and rehabilitation of five roads will be undertaken

with a total length of 16.77 km approximately. They are existing roads being upgraded with new sub surface, surface pavement and lane layouts in already built-up areas. No new alignments will be included.

Output 3: Public transport service upgraded v. Public transportation system and equipment improvement: Construction of a bus

maintenance center (150 mu). Purchase 215 electric buses, 215 sets of intelligent bus on-board equipment, 54 charging piles and 460 harbor-type bus stops (of which, 76 will be new built and 384 will be upgraded), and intelligent bus management systems to improve traffic flow.

Output 4: Tuancheng urban upgrading program strengthened and implemented vi. Tuancheng urban upgrading. Improving the municipal infrastructure and services in

Tuancheng area and providing the local residents with direct access to improved water

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supply, wastewater collection, garbage collection and fire fighting services; providing support to local 401 residential households for improving their houses, while preserving their building style and cultural tradition. The total land covered area is about 76,712.5 m2, and the total construction area is about 66,260 m2.

Output 5: Development planning and project management capacity strengthened

73. This output will help HCG prepare a public transport development and traffic management plan and a plan to promote livelihood promotion in the old city center. The project will also help the city strengthen its capacity to manage project implementation, particularly in the fields of financial management, procurement, safeguards monitoring, and project reporting. The project will include a Transaction TA to help HCG use water sensitive city innovations and deploy evidenced-based gender and development communications actions to catalyze existing and project-financed investments..

D． Description of Components

1. Urban Roads Renovation

74. Due to limited financial input for the construction of infrastructure, Hetian City does not has a well established road network. Problems with the configuration of roads, bad connection between main roads and branch roads limit accessibility and cause congestion even when traffic volume is low. The imbalance of road space allocation between vehicle and non motorized transport (NMT), lack of proper traffic engineering, and lack of traffic discipline by drivers, pedestrian and bikes/e-bikes and enforcement are the main causes of occasional congestion. 75. In their original construction, road base preparation used inferior materials and design. This has resulted in road slumping and surface fractures and potholes under use. Additionally, roads are repeatedly dug up to install new services or maintain/repair old ones. This results in cumulative damage to the road surface and significantly impedes traffic flow with little attention paid to traffic management or other impact mitigation. The current situation of the existing roads is shown in Figure IV.1 and summarized in Table IV.1.

Figure IV.1: Existing situation of roads to be rehabilitated

Park West Road Gujiang Road (Kunlun Road – Aqiale East Road

Section)

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Gujiang Road (Aqiale East Road-Taipei

Road Section) Gujiang Road (Taipei Road-No. 315 National Road

Section)

Urumqi Road Taipei Road

Beijing Road (Yingbing Road-Gujiang

Road) Beijing Road (Gujiang Road-Luopu Square)

Sources: Domestic FSR, September 2017.

Table IV.1: Main features and issues of roads to be rehabilitated Road Year of

construction Main features Issues

Park West Road (Gongyuan West Road)

2011 Overall north-south direction, south towards Kunlun Road eastern extension, connected to Yudu Road, north towards Beijing Road. Existing width of carriageway is 16m and 2m of sidewalks on the west side of the road

• Lack of sidewalks on the east side, high safety risks on pedestrians; • Potholes and irregular settlement

Gujiang Road Kunlun Road – Aqiale East Road Section

2004 Length of this road section is 1,018.65m, with the width of 26m roadway, partially with width of 14-20m

• The existing buildings are very close to the road boundary; • No completed sidewalks on either side of roadway

Aqiale East Road-Taipei

Length of this road section is 1,379.51m, mainly occupied by

• The condition of roadway is poor, with many cracks along

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Road Year of construction

Main features Issues

Road Section shops and buildings for agencies, with a width of 26m roadway and 5m existing greenbelt, the outermost sides are sidewalks

road, obvious irregular settlement and potholes • No separate sidewalks, mixed traffic with pedestrian and non-motor vehicles. The traffic flow of both motor vehicles and pedestrians is high, which causes significant safety risks

Taipei Road-No. 315 National Road Section

Length of this road section is 2,033.48m, alongside mainly occupied by shops. The width of asphalt pavement is 13.5m

Urumqi Road 1998 The road overall is north-south direction, south towards Nanhuan Road, north towards G315, with total length of 3,301.95m and width of 48m

• The conditions of roadway and non-motor way are poor, with many cracks along the road and obvious irregular settlement; • There are some potholes that seriously affect the traffic flow; • Has reached the road design life

Taipei Road 2000 The road is overall east-west direction, between Luopu Roundabout and towards G315, with total length of 5,365.89m and width of 26m

• Longitudinal and latitudinal cracks appears on the road

Beijing Road 1998 Overall east-west direction, west connect with Beijing West Road, and conjunction with Yingbing Road, east connect with Luopu Square and conjunction with Taipei Road, with total length of 2,017.42m

• The conditions of roadway and non-motor way are poor, with many cracks along the road and obvious irregular settlement; • Capable of easing congestion on Taipei Rd, if upgraded, by offering an alternative route for traffic through midtown. Present bad road condition precludes this.

Sources: Domestic FSR, May 2017. 76. The proposed road renovation component for the project is to build up the main road network in the midtown area, which will improve the traffic situation in the city and service commercial centers and residential neighborhoods. The scope of the urban road component includes rehabilitation/improvement of 5 roads in the old urban area, with total length of 16.8 km in the old urban area. The proposed interventions include improvement of road works and the associated facilities (drainage, wastewater pipelines, greening, lighting). The objective is to improve traffic conditions and local connectivity and accessibility, upgrade overall urban environment and travel conditions in existing urban area.

77. The layout of proposed road rehabilitation works and the spatial relationships between them is shown in Figure IV.2. The scale and scope of each road is presented in Table IV.2.

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Figure IV.2: Proposed roads layout

Sources: Domestic FSR, May and August 2017.

Table IV.2: Road Classification and Required Technical Specifications According to Standard

No. Road Length (m) Classification

Width of red line (m)

Carriageway (m)

Green belt (m)

Non-motorized lane (m)

Sidewalks (m)

Excavation (m3)

Park West Road

Yudu Dadao – No. 10 Road Section

485.15 Secondary road 56.0 28.0 4.0+5.0+

4.0 2*3.5 2*4.0 28,827

No. 10 Road – Beijing Road Section

1,165.18 Secondary road 24.0 14.0 2*2.0 — 2*3.0 30,943

Gujiang Road

Kunlun Road – Aqiale East Road Section

1,018.65 Secondary road 24.0 20.0 — — 2*2.0 30,008

Aqiale East Road-Taipei Road Section

1,379.51 Secondary road 36.0 14.0 4*2.0 2*4.0 2*3.0 45,031

Taipei Road-No. 315 National Road Section

2,032.24 Secondary road 14.0 14.0 — — 2*2.0 37,843

Beijing Road

Yingbing Road – Gujiang Road

728.75 Main road 40.0 28.0 2*2.0 2*3.5 2*4.0 33,038

Gujiang Road – Luopu Square

1,288.67 Main road 33.0 23.0 0+2.0 2*4.0 49,471

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Urumqi Road 3,301.95 Main road 48.0 20.0 2*3.5+2*2.0 2*4.5 2*4.0 137,957

Taipei Road Luopu Square – Hongxing Street 2,413.73 Main road 32 15 3.0 8.0 2*3.0 77,813

Hongxing Street - Urumqi Road 1,809.26 Main road 32 26 0 0.0 2*3.0 74,083

Urumqi Road – C315 Road 1,142.90 Main road 26 26 0 0.0 0 41,279

Total 16,765.99 586,293 Sources: Domestic FSR, September 2017.

Park West Road (Yudu Dadao – No. 10 Road Section)

Park West Road (No. 10 Road – Beijing Road Section)

Gujiang Road (Kunlun Road – Aqiale East Road Section)

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Gujiang Road (Aqiale East Road-Taipei Road Section)

Gujiang Road (Taipei Road-No. 315 National Road Section)

Urumqi Road

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Taipei Road

Beijing Road (Yingbin Rd to Gujiang Rd section)

Beijing Road (Gujiang Road to Luopo Intersection section)

Sources: Domestic FSR and EIA, May and August 2017. Figure IV.3: Cross Section Designs of Each Proposed Road Section

78. Two road sections (Guijiong Road: Taipei Rd – G315 and Park Road West: No 10 Rd – Beijing Rd) do not include dedicated non-motorized lanes due to insufficient space to provide nonmotorized lanes and maintain traffic flow without demolishing many buildings or removing sidewalks or vegetation. In these segments, there will be four traffic lanes – where the inside lane in both directions will be dedicated to motorized traffic, and the curbside lane will be mixed traffic for both motor vehicles and non-motorized vehicles. This is the common practice for

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narrow roads where resettlement is impossible or not desirable. The link between road segments with dedicated non-motorized lines and those with shared curbside lanes will be made through clear land markings, traffic-channeling low barriers and signage. 79. Pavement. The classification of urban roads is considered in the design of carriageway structure. The 3-layer structure is used for roadway pavement, i.e. bed, base and pavement. 80. After comparing the 2 structural forms of pavement, i.e. cement concrete and asphalt concrete, the asphalt concrete pavement was preferred due to the ease of construction and lower traffic noise generated by this surface. 81. Cement-stabilized gravels of inorganic materials will be used for the base of the motorized vehicle lane, non-motorized vehicle lane and sidewalk. The natural gravels bed is added after the overall strength of pavement structure is considered. The PRC code for seismic resistance design of urban culverts and drainage structures (CJJ 166-2011) will be followed. The design period of carriageway and secondary road is 15 years. The structural form of pavement on carriageway, non-motorized vehicle lanes and sidewalk are shown in Table IV.3.

Table IV.3: Structural Layers of Pavement on Proposed Roads

Name Road Structure Carriageway of trunk road (for Urumqi Road, Beijing Road and Taipei Road)

4 cm Medium-grain asphalt concrete for top layer (AC-16) 7 cm Coarse-grain asphalt concrete for lower layer (AC-25) 20 cm Cement stabilization gravel (cement content 4.5%) 35 cm graded sand gravel subbase 60cm natural graded gravel fill Total depth of 126 cm

Carriageway of secondary road (for Park West Road and Gujiang Road)

3.5 cm Fine-grain asphalt concrete for upper layer (AC-13) 5 cm Medium-grain asphalt concrete for lower layer (AC-20) 20 cm Cement stabilization gravel (cement content 4.5%) 35 cm graded sand gravel subbase 60cm natural graded gravel fill Total depth of 118.5 cm

Non-motorized lane (for Park West Road (Yudu Dadao – No. 10 Road Section); Gujiang Road (Aqiale East Road-Taipei Road Section); Urumqi Road and Taipei Road (Luopu Square – Hongxing Street)

4 cm Fine-particle asphalt concrete for surface layer (AC-13) 15 cm Cement stabilization gravel (cement content 4.5%) 50 cm natural graded gravel subbase Total depth of 69 cm

Sidewalk (for Park West Road, Gujiang Road, Urumqi Road, Beijing East Road, Taipei Road)

5 cm Sidewalk bricks (C30 concrete) (granite brick will be used for Urumqi Road) 3 cm Medium-Coarse gravel for levelling (M10) 15 cm Cement stabilization gravel (C20) 50 cm natural graded gravel subbase Total depth of 73 cm

Sources: Domestic FSR, May 2017. 82. Associated infrastructure. The following infrastructure will be included in the roadworks:

• Drainage culverts under urban roads will be included in the construction. Urban drainage planning and the PRC Code for drainage of outdoor wastewater engineering (GB 50014-2006) will be followed.

• Pedestrian crossings will be designed for intersections and areas of high pedestrian activity. These will be designed during detailed design following pedestrian need surveys.

• Bus stops. A total of 68 bus stops with rainproof facilities will be constructed in every 500-800 m on the subproject roads, to provide convenience and safety to the citizens.

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These will be built as pull-in stops to promote the flow of traffic. Where this is not possible, lane markings will adjust traffic flow around stops. Furthermore, temporary parking pull-ins for taxis will be constructed, with signs, and lane markers.

• Barrier-free facilities. To make the transportation easier for the elderly people and the disabilities, blind and disabled access to crossings, bus stops and taxi ranks will be provided. Road side and median barriers will be designed to provide controlled access to roadsides and across roads.

• Access to buried utilities. To avoid repeated road excavation due to the laying of underground pipelines for future urban development, reserved pipeline passing passage will be set up at the road intersections with 2*1.8 m slab culverts (Table IV.4). Traffic signs and markings along the proposed roads will be set up by following GB 5768-2009 (Table IV.4).

Table IV.4: Slab Culverts and Other Road Infrastructure

No. Road Slab culverts

Traffic signs (set)

Traffic markings (m2)

Traffic lights (set)

Park West Road 1. Yudu Dadao – No. 10 Road Section 74 8 1,092 2 2. No. 10 Road – Beijing Road Section 72 16 1,573 2 Gujiang Road

3. Kunlun Road – Aqiale East Road Section 120 24 1,375 3 4. Aqiale East Road-Taipei Road Section 108 24 1,862 3

5. Taipei Road-No. 315 National Road Section 108 24 2,744 2

6. Urumqi Road 336 56 5,944 7 Taipei Road

7. Luopu Square – Hongxing Street 152 32 3,259 4 8. Hongxing Street - Urumqi Road 120 16 3,257 2 9. Urumqi Road – C315 Road 120 16 2,057 3 Beijing Road

10. Yingbing Road – Gujiang Road 256 32 1,312 3 11. Gujiang Road – Luopu Square 108 16 2,030 2

Total 1,574 264 26,503 33 Sources: Domestic FSR, September 2017.

2. Water Supply Component

83. Current water demand and supply options. Current water demand of all types is within the current urban supply capacity using groundwater wells (70,000 m3/day). However increasing demand in the medium term (to 2022) will reach 120,000 m3/day and will require the exploitation of additional groundwater resources. HCG plans to install seven new wells within the water source protection areas of WSP No.1 and No.2 in the next three years, to supply an additional total of 35,000 m3/day using a combination of national and local government funding. Hetian City Water Supply and Drainage Company to take back Beijing Industrial Park water treatment plant, with its water supply capacity of 15,000 m3/d, so as to manage and operate it together with No. 1 and No. 2 WSPs. The Hetian City Water Conservancy Bureau has formally approved the Hetian City Water Supply and Drainage Company abstracting 120,000 m3/day from groundwater.

84. In the medium term Hetian City will examine the technical feasibility and sustainability of extraction from a new groundwater source area of 6 km2 on the west bank of the Yulongkashi River. The water abstraction rate will be at least 120,000 m3/d and will replace the groundwater source wells in the urban area.

85. In the long term Hetian will turn to surface water as its primary source. The city has water rights on the Yulongkashi River, with an annual average flow of 2.254 billion m3. A new surface water source extraction and storage area is planned on the west bank of the Yulongkashi River

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upstream from Hetian.

86. Project Component works. At present, the water treatment capacity of No. 1 and No. 2 WSPs is 50,000 and 20,000 m3/d respectively, and that of Beijing Industrial Park Water treatment plant is 15,000 m3/d. The combined treatment capacity is 85,000 m3/d, and cannot meet the short-term demand (120,000 m3/d in 2020) . Therefore No. 1 and No. 2 plants need to be upgraded with increased treatment capacity, to 70,000 and 35,000 m3/d respectively. This will comprise:

• a clean water tank of 5,000 m3 and supporting facilities at WSP No.1, to add to the existing 5,000 m3 tank and give the facility a storage capacity of 15% of the water supply per day. This buffer is necessary for summer peak periods.

• a clean water tank of 4,000 m3 and supporting facilities at WSP No.2, to add to the existing 4,000 m3 tank and give the facility a storage capacity of 20% of the water supply per day. This buffer is necessary for summer peak periods.

• At WSP No.1 replace the existing old chlorinator and install 2 chlorinators, one in use with one backup, with effective chlorine production of 3 kg/h

• At WSP No.2 install 2 chlorinators, one in use with one backup, with effective chlorine production of 2 kg/h

• replace the deep well pumps in nine water source wells in No. 1 and No. 2 water treatment plants that are seriously worn. At WTP No.1, install 4 pumps, with 3 in use and 1 backup, will be installed, with specification of Q = 1,210 m3/h, H = 42 m, and N = 185 kW. At WSP No.2, install 4 pumps, with 3 in use and 1 backup, will be installed, with specification of Q = 864 m3/h, H = 41 m, and N = 160 kW

• Modification works within No. 1 Water treatment plant to enable separation of water supply by different pressure zones: High-lift pumps will be installed within the pumping station of No. 1 Water treatment plant, to increase the pressure of the water supply, and pressure pipes specifically for the airport area will be installed. The pressure pipes designed in this project component only need to connect directly to the existing pipes.

87. This component also includes the rehabilitation of water supply pipelines in Hetian City and a newly constructed water supply pipeline from Hetian City to Jiya Township. It also includes pipe network monitoring engineering, to control water leakage. (The current leakage rate is 14.4%, and it is anticipated that these measures will reduce it to about 12%, required by Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, Ministry of Environmental Protection, 2015). The works will contribute to achieving the infrastructure network for Hetian City set out in the Water Supply Master Plan for Hetian City (2015-2030). The current water supply system and proposed water supply facilities in Hetian Urban Area which the pipes will serve are shown in Figure IV.4.

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Figure IV.4: Current water supply system in Hetian urban area

88. The current total length of water supply pipeline network is about 110 km, mainly distributed in Beijing Road, Urumqi Road, Gujiang Road, Taipei Road, 2nd Ring Road, 3rd Ring Road, also including Beijing Industrial Park and Train Station Industrial and Trade Logistic Park. The pipes of the water supply network range from DN100 to DN600, with polyethylene (PE), grey cast iron pipe (DCIP), and unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) as the major materials. 89. Jiya Township. The current water supply in Jiya Township is supplied by the One-Township-One-Town WSP and sourced from groundwater via two local wells, with a depth of 100 m. The water supply is uncertain and unstable, with low water quality and sand (which damages pumps and must be filtered out). Some households are using hand water pumps to access shallow groundwater which is subject to contamination from surrounding domestic activities. The total dissolved solids, chlorides, sulfates, and fluorides exceed the levels of PRC Standards for Drinking Water Quality (GB5749-2006). 90. The proposed water supply pipes in Hetian urban area and to Jiya Township under the project are shown in Tables IV.5 and 6. The average buried depth of the center of the pipeline is 1.8 m. This is needed due to the depth of freeze during winter and indicates the scale of earthworks involved.

Table IV.5: Proposed Water Supply Pipes in Hetian Urban Area and to Jiya Township Road Specification Amount Unit Material

Tunken Road DN500 2,550 m DCIP Donghuan South Road (Townships connection lines) DN500 2,530 m DCIP Gujiang South Road DN600 1,570 m DCIP Gujiang South Road DN500 2,100 m DCIP No.7 Zhanqianheng Road DN400 3,075 m PE Xiamalebage Road DN400 3,300 m PE

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Road Specification Amount Unit Material Urumqi North Road (Beijing Road – G315) DN500 2,150 m DCIP Tanaiyi South Road DN400 1,900 m DCIP Renmin Road DN500 1,280 m DCIP Aqiale Road DN500 2,780 m DCIP Jianshe Road DN315 1,920 m PE Youyi Road DN315 450 m PE Tunken Road (between No. 1 WSP and No. 2 WSP) DN600 1,765 m DCIP Nanhuan Road DN600 665 m DCIP Townships connection lines DN500 2,325 m DCIP Townships connection lines DN400 3,000 m PE Yiqiao – Jiya Township DN500 3,890 m DCIP

DN315 5,310 m PE Total 43,595 m

DCIP= grey cast iron pipe, PE=polyethylene. Source: Domestic FSR, September 2017.

Table IV.6: Proposed Water Supply Pipework Ancillary Facilities Facilities Specification Amount Unit Material

Valve chamber ᶲ1800 Set 100 Building Blocks Exhaust valve well ᶲ1200 Set 65 Building Blocks

Mud valve well ᶲ1200 Set 50 Building Blocks Sludge discharge wet well ᶲ1000 Set 50 Building Blocks

Water crane of fire 30 Mixed Water crane well 2500×1300 Set 30 Building Blocks

Fire hydrant chamber ᶲ1500 Set 450 Building Blocks Valve chamber 3000×2500 Set 15 Reinforced concrete

Pipe jacking DN800 m 100 Steel pipe Pipe jacking DN600 m 50 Steel pipe Pipe jacking DN800 m 80 Steel pipe

Sources: domestic FSR, September 2017.

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Figure IV.5: Proposed Water Supply pipes in Hetian Urban Area and to Jiya Township (New pipes in light green; upgraded existing pipes in

dark green)

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91. Pipework testing system. The project will install pipe network monitoring equipment, to control leakage rate and ensure an efficient water supply. The completed Hetian city water supply network leakage will make use of sensor technology, Internet of Things technology, cloud computing technology and information management systems. This new generation of intelligent infrastructure will monitor water usage, distribution patterns and revenue and non-revenue water. The system will be operated and managed by the Hetian Water Supply Company.

3. Wastewater treatment and network renovation and expansion

92. Hetian City is divided into Hedong District and Hexi District by the Yulong Kashi River. There are two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) (Hedong District WWTP and Hexi District WWTP). The project will not have any activities to Hedong District WWTP.

93. Hexi District WWTP is located in the west of Yulong Kashi River, about 9 km from the current oxidation pond in Hetian City, with current treatment capacity of 50,000 m3/d, using A2O-SBR process, the current layout with length of 410 m and width of 300 m. It covers an area of 12.3 ha (about 185 mu). It mainly serves domestic wastewater treatment from Hetian urban and surrounding areas. The planned effluent quality was to meet Class 1B standard specified in Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB 18918-2002). Currently the WWTP is operating without final approvals since it is currently in commissioning and testing stages. During this period, WWTP operators have advised the PPTA team that discharge (to the Dongfeng canal) has fallen below Class 1B standard due to “equipment malfunction”. It is planned to upgrade the facility to produce an effluent quality of Class 1A standard using government funds.

94. In parallel with this undertaking, the project will fund the expansion of the wastewater treatment capacity to 75,000 m3/d (from current 50,000 m3/d) by construction of an additional processing unit comprising "A2/O-SBR + nitrification biological aerated filter + denitrification deep-bed filter " on an adjoining area of 3.9 ha. The design life of the upgraded and expanded WWTP will be 50 years. The location of the existing WWTP, its layout and the project expansion site are shown on Figure IV.6.

95. Complementary works will comprise the upgrade and expansion of 16,520 m wastewater pipelines, all along existing roads. The specifications of the pipeline works are at Table IV.7 below and their location within Hetian City in Figure IV.7 (in red).

Table IV.7: Specifications for Wastewater Pipelines Road Material Specification Amount Unit

Park West road HDPE DCP DE630 1,650 m

Dongfengganqu Road

HDPE DCP DE630 2,660 m Steel band enhanced PE DCP DE800 2,000 m Steel band enhanced PE DCP DE1000 8,700 m

Gujiang Road HDPE DCP DE630 1,510 m Total 15.80 m

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Figure IV.6: Existing Hexi WWTP and Expansion Site (photo during construction, 2015)

Figure IV.7: Wastewater Pipelines

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96. Thirteen vehicles for pipeline inspection and sludge transportation will be purchased as part of the investment to facilitate effective and sustainable management of the sewerage system (Table IV.8).

Table IV.8: Vehicles to be Purchased Type of Vehicle Number Shuttle bus 1 Pipeline inspection vehicle 2 Loader 2 Sealed self-discharging sludge vehicle 4 Sewer dredge vehicle 4 Total 13

FSR May 2017

4. Reclaimed water network construction

97. Currently, there is no reclaimed water use in Hetian City. In the Hetian City Wastewater Treatment Plant Upgrading Feasibility Study Report prepared by China Municipal Engineering-Northwest Municipal Research Institute Co., Ltd in 2015, the upgraded WWTP is planned to reach effluent quality Level 1A standard, which can meet the requirements for industrial water and water for greening. However, the treated water was intended to be discharged into Dongfeng Canal nearby, which did not make full use of water resources, resulting in waste and continued increasing exploitation of groundwater resources.

98. It is planned to use the total volume of treated water from Hetian’s two main wastewater treatment plants, Hexi WWTP and Hedong WWTP. The recycled water will be used in a variety of ways:

(i) The water from the Hexi WWTP will be used as cooling water for the Huawei Hetian Co-Gen Power Plant; irrigation water for urban greening (street trees, parks and greening in the Railway Station Industry and Trade Logistics Park and the western part of the Hetian Beijing Industrial Park); and street cleaning (water spraying). The average daily volume of treated wastewater used in these ways from Hexi WWTP in 2022 will be 75,000 m3/day (i.e. its total production).

(ii) The water from the Hedong WWTP will be used as irrigation water for urban greening (street trees, parks and greening in the eastern part of the Hetian Beijing Industrial Park); Tuanjie New village landscaping of road along both sides (road to Tuanjie New village junction); and irrigation of a Populus euphratica windbreak forest north of the WWTP. Following the plant’s expansion, the average daily volume of treated wastewater used in these ways from Hedong WWTP in 2022 will be 30,000 m3/day (i.e. its total production)..

99. Only during the non-irrigation season (the deep winter months) will a proportion of the treated water released by the WWTP will be discharged to the Dongfeng Canal and conveyed to release in the desert. The quality of this water, achieving A1 standard, will be safe for desert disposal. Hetian City has long term plans for urban greening, in the industrial parks and in urban areas, and these will keep expanding to utilize all treated wastewater.

100. This component includes the installation of new reclaimed water pipelines linking the WWTP with Train Station Industrial and Trade Logistic Park, Beijing Industrial Park and Huawei Power Plant, with a total length of 86 km. The specifications of the pipelines are at Table IV.9.

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Table IV.9: Specifications of Recycled Wastewater Pipelines Name Specification Amount Unit Material Reclaimed water pipeline DN160 3668 m PE Reclaimed water pipeline DN200 6608 m PE Reclaimed water pipeline DN315 26538 m PE Reclaimed water pipeline DN400 18609 m PE Reclaimed water pipeline DN500 4153 m Spheroidal graphite Reclaimed water pipeline DN600 21216 m Spheroidal graphite Reclaimed water pipeline DN700 5214 m Spheroidal graphite

Sub-total 86000 m Exhaust valve well ¢1200 60 No. Brick Drainage valve well ¢1200 50 No. Brick Drainage wet well ¢1200 50 No. Brick Overhaul valve well 8m3 40 No. Brick

5. Public transportation system and equipment improvement

101. The Hetian City Government has proposed a comprehensive public transport component: The main element of this component is the procurement of 215 electric buses11 (100 8m units and 115 10m units), 215 sets of intelligent bus vehicle equipment, 54 charging pylons, and the transformation of 460 bus stations (4,140 m2), an intelligent monitoring and dispatching system, an intelligent operation and management system, a mobile phone and tablet scheduling system, a safety management system, and a material management system.

102. Additionally the component will include the construction of a bus maintenance center of Hetian Nanan New District Hub Station (Phase II) covering 150 mu. The contents and scale of the construction are shown in Table IV.10, and the layout plan is shown in Figure IV.8.

103. The bus maintenance center is proposed to be located near the Hetian railway station, north of the Hetian city center (Figure IV.9). The inset in Figure IV.9 shows the disused sewage ponds on which the center will be built.

Table IV.10: Construction Contents of Maintenance Center Contents Area Amount (set) Floor Structure type

Duty room 35 m2 2 1 Brick mixed Garage 1,000 m2 2 1 Frame construction

Boiler room 300 m2 1 1 Brick mixed Workshop 1,200 m2 5 1 Steel Main door Length of 15m 2 / Electric door

Crash barrier 15 m 2 / Wall Perimeter 1,200 m / / Iron Wall

Office 2,700 m2 1 3 Frame structure 10,070 m2

Sources: Domestic FSR, September 2017.

11 Pure electric buses, not diesel/electric hybrids. It is not known at this stage whether they will be self recovery

capable.

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Sources: Domestic FSR, September 2017.

Figure IV.8: Layout of Maintenance Center

Figure IV.9: Bus maintenance Center Location

104. Bus stop design will provide high quality platform/waiting space, passenger seating and shelter, convenient connectivity with footpath, route information, and lighting facilities. Consistent standard passenger information with maps and routes, will prominent at bus stops, especially at high-volume, high-activity, or transfer stops. Affordable LED/LCD technology for real time passenger information display of bus services will also be provided at bus stop.

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6. Tuancheng urban upgrading

105. Urban regeneration of Tuancheng 12 District Phase 3 is located at the centre of Tuancheng District and is bound by Huojia Road, Yubei Road, Jiamai Road, and Gujiang North Road. It has an approximate area of 117,576m2 (11.75ha). The area is surrounded by the Aitika Grand Bazaar commercial cluster, the Tuanjie Plaza commercial cluster to the north, a clustered residential district to the southwest, and the Kunlun Lake Park to the southeast (Figure IV.10).

Figure IV.10: Location of Phase 3 Area within Tuancheng Urban Renewal Project

106. Tuancheng District Phase 1 (Urban Regeneration) is under construction and is similarly focused on urban regeneration through the demolition and reconstruction of substandard houses and improvements to the associated utilities infrastructure. Phase 1 provided a model for subsequent phases of urban upgrading. Tuancheng District Phase 2 is yet to commence. Phase 3 will provide for a more integrated planning approach to neighborhood redevelopment where buildings, architecture and services are planned together. It will also employ a socially conscious approach to urban regeneration focusing on multiple levels of information exchange and community participation (see CUDEIP Supplementary Document 10: Subproject for Tuancheng Phase 3 Area).

107. Parcels of land within the Area 3 boundary have been bought by investors/developers and consolidated into speculative real estate sites which are typically developed as multi-storey high rise buildings. These are excluded from the project (See Figure IV.11) but their development will be subject to government density and design control.

12 Tuancheng means “circular city”. This refers to the shape of the old Uyghur residential and market center of the

city of Hetian.

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Figure IV.11: Area 3 showing excluded area owned by investors and developers.

108. Due to the age and poor structural quality of the houses, the vast majority of the buildings (approximately 375) are proposed for in-situ reconstruction. Reconstruction will maintain and enhance cultural community identity and practice in both building architecture and neighborhood layouts (Figure IV.12).

Existing conditions in Area 3

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Rebuilding forms (example from Area 1)

Figure IV.12: Planned Rehabilitation of Buildings 109. It is also proposed to replace the existing public utilities and communications services facilities as part of the subproject. This will be achieved in conjunction with the implementation of the road and alleyway widening and re-surfacing works. The proposed alignments for water supply, sewage, electricity, gas, and communication cables will be identical (with minor deviations where required), with the current situation in order to minimize the impact on surrounding developments during the initial installation, as well as during any required follow-up maintenance work.

• Road: The area of Tuancheng road upgrading and hardening is 43,402.92 m2, the width of fireproof lane and pedestrian road are 7 m and 4.5 m, respectively.

• Water supply and drainage: maximum spacing of the fire hydrant is 120m. Pipe network designed working pressure is 0.3MPa. The total length is about 3,670m and 1.1m underground.

• Sewage pipe: total length is about 4,404 m, Pipeline network consists of municipal drainage from the planning area to the Taipei East Road pipe.

• Natural gas: The project planning area is south towards Huojia Road, east towards Yubei Road, north towards Jiamai Road, west towards the Gujiang North road. Currently, Jiamai Road and Gujiang North Road have been laid with medium pressure gas pipeline, therefore, the project will use the pipeline of Jiamai Road and Gujiang North Road as gas source.

110. Construction scale and specifications are in Table IV.11 below.

Table IV.11: Construction Scale and Specifications Item Specification Unit

Land area 76,712.47 m2 Total surface area 66,260 m2

Building area 2 floors (partially 3F) F Base area 44,520.96 m2

Building density 22.01 % Floor area ratio 58.03 % Greening rate 24.64 %

Building Height 10.65 m Public square area 17,249.30 m2 Public green area 1,658.90 m2

Group courtyard area 3,634.50 m2

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Sources: Domestic FSR, September 2017.

111. Pedestrian priority will be achieved by retaining the existing pattern of alleyways and streets, whilst improving accessibility and safety through widening to allow for an improved pedestrian experience and enhanced connections to the wider Tuancheng Area. By prioritizing narrower alleyways over widened roadways, priority is given to pedestrian access rather than vehicular access. Furthermore, this has provided an opportunity to increase the provision of public open space and greening through the installation of piazzas, squares and sitting-out areas along some pedestrian corridors, an initiative that would otherwise not be possible along widened roadways.

7. Capacity Building

112. The project will help HCG prepare an intelligent transport system policy and training program; provide sustainable water capacity building towards water sensitive city design; and coordinate separate capacity building TA inputs. The project will also help the city strengthen its capacity to manage project implementation, particularly in the fields of financial management, procurement, safeguards monitoring, and project reporting.

113. The project will include a Transaction TA to help HCG use water sensitive city innovations and deploy evidenced-based gender and development communications actions to catalyze existing and project-financed investments. The TA will be administered by ADB and has the following outputs: (i) a water sensitive cities capacity building to optimize water demand management, underground water monitoring and zero wastewater discharge; (ii) a behavior change communication program to strengthen public urban planning participation and shift city resident’s daily mobility practices so they positively impact water and energy use and the environment; and, (iii) development of a livelihood promotion program in the old city area as a means to promote social inclusiveness in Hetian.

E． Analysis of Alternatives

114. The technical reports for components in each of the project outputs assess alternatives for locations, materials and processes. A summary of these is presented below.

115. Roads. CUDEIP Supplementary Document: Road Component – Sector Assessment discussed the limited scope for alternatives, since the five roads for rehabilitation are existing, midtown roads constrained in their width by existing commercial, municipal and private developments. The major assessment was in optimizing motorized and non-motorized traffic, pedestrians, landscaping and services (bus stops, taxi ranks) in a defined easement width – with no options for increase in easement width or realignment. Additionally, PRC Road Design Standards (Table IV.12 below) defines the permissible specifications for the road classes.

Table IV.12: Major Design Parameters Unit Trunk Road Secondary Road Design speed km/h 50 40 Min. radius for horizontal curve without super-elevation m 400 300 Recommended radius for horizontal curve with super-elevation 200 150 Min. length of horizontal curve m 85 70 Min. length of transition curve m 45 35 Maximum vertical slope gradient % 5.5 6 Minimum vertical slope gradient % 130 110 Sight distance 60 40 Pavement Asphalt Concrete Designed life span years 15 Pavement Design Load BZZ-100

Source: FSR

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116. Within these constraints, maximizing street trees and provision for non-motorized vehicles and public transport were the environmentally preferred cross-section options. Alternative layouts were considered for intersection treatment, and those maximizing smooth traffic flow and pedestrian safety were the preferred options.

117. The no-project alternative for roads would allow the present deteriorating road surface conditions to worsen and chaotic traffic conditions to continue with safety issues for all road users. The project investment contributes to implementing Hetian’s Urban Development Master Plan.

118. Water. CUDEIP Supplementary Document 11: Water Sector Due Diligence covers the project components of water supply, wastewater treatment and reclaimed water use. For water supply the report considers comparisons of options for water transmission and distribution pipes including pipe materials and costs. For the major water trunk line to Jiya (9.2 km) two alignments are considered (Figure IV.13). Using criteria of construction period, operation and maintenance, distance of water delivery, construction conditions and costs, Option 1 was selected.

Schematic of Option 1 Schematic of Option 2 Figure IV.13: Schematic of water transmission pipe alignment options

119. For wastewater treatment, the report examines a number of treatment options. Considering the influent quality characteristics of the wastewater, the biodegradability of the wastewater is relatively good. For the relatively large size of the proposed wastewater treatment plant expansion, the removal rate of BOD5 and SS is generally more than 90% and that of CODCr more than 80% for the activated sludge process, which has the advantages of effective treatment, stable effluent water quality, and abundant operation experiences.

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Therefore the activated sludge process will be adopted as the wastewater treatment process. Within the activated sludge process, a number of process options are available. From the characteristics of various processes derived from the activated sludge process, two processes, i.e. the present process (A2/O-SBR process) and the CAST (cyclic activated sludge technology) process, were selected as options for technical and economic comparison, to determine the recommended option.

120. The existing A2/O-SBR process can meet Hetian City’s requirements on treatment quality, and can be operated in groups and modules according to the influent quantity, which is flexible and straightforward to operate. Taking into account local technical capacity, the use of the same process for the upgrade will facilitate management and operation by the existing technical personnel. The existing (A2/O-SBR) process was therefore recommended for the wastewater treatment expansion component.

121. The layout of the sewerage network has been set by the Hetian Wastewater Master Plan and has been assessed by the PPTA team as a rational layout which optimizes use of gravity flow and maximizes connection service areas.

122. For reclaimed wastewater, Hetian City has not previously used any reclaimed water. After completion of this component, the reclaimed water will be used by Huawei Hetian Thermal Power Plant, landscaping for Beijing Industrial Park (East and West Park) and Railway Station Industry and Trade Logistics Park, windbreak forests and greening and desert stabilization forests around Tuanjie New Village, and also used for road cleaning and dust control. Areas of use have been chosen for their ease of connection with Hexi and Hedong WWTP and their locations in the north of the city where windbreak and stabilizing vegetation will have the best effect on the urban environment. This use will replace, in the medium term, abstraction and use of 105,000 m3/d of ground water.

123. Water is scarce in Hetian City. At present, the PRC promotes energy conservation and emission reduction, and requires water scarce cities to utilize reclaimed water at a rate not less than 20%. When this reclaimed water component is completed, Hetian City’s utilization rate of reclaimed water will exceed 80%. With an agreement on the use of reclaimed water signed between Hetian City Water Supply and Drainage Company and Hetian City Landscaping Management Office on 13 September 2017 the continued use of reclaimed water around the city is assured.

124. The no-project alternative for the water sector would deny Hetian City the opportunity to establish and manage a sustainable water sector in a water scarce environment. Without investments in water supply, both infrastructure and capacity building, water safety for all inhabitants will be jeopardized through aging utilities and poor management. Without increased wastewater treatment and reuse of treated wastewater, exploitation of limited groundwater would continue for necessary urban green (to combat desertification and heat island effects). Potential carbon sequestration from an estimated 750,000 trees would also be foregone.

125. Public transportation. The CUDEIP Supplementary Document 7: Public Transport Sector Assessment considers two options for bus purchase. The main options were the fully electric bus and the CNG hybrid. In China, hybrid and electric are the trend to replace the traditional diesel type buses. The government put forward series of policies and financial support measures to promote the development of new energy buses. More preferential policies, including subsidies, were provided for electric buses than for hybrid buses. The comparisons were based upon lifecycle cost and environment impact.

126. The initial capital of electric bus is higher than CNG hybrid, The charging/fueling cost is different, too – with a CNG hybrid bus costing an average of 33,000 RMB to fuel annually and

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an electric bus costing about 14,600 for charging. However, fueling station cost and maintenance cost of CNG hybrid is far higher than the electric buses.

127. Electric buses reduce more roadside pollution, but the net reduction in carbon emission needs to take into account the carbon emission by thermal energy generation. Charging the fleet may also have significant impact on power grid. The electric bus fleet may also have environmental impact in terms of battery maintenance and disposal of used batteries. However, electric bus can be scheduled for night or off-peak electricity usage periods, which can assist power plant operations in achieving energy efficiency.

128. The CNG hybrid bus uses natural gas as the energy supply and natural gas resources are limited in PRC. In contrast PRC has developed a large power grid system where wind and sunlight can also be used to generate power. CNG buses are much more complex to run, maintain and repair.

129. The report concluded that CNG and electric both have advantages and disadvantages. Charging, maintenance cost savings and the subsidies make electric buses more attractive when compared to CNG hybrid buses. Electric bus technology is improving rapidly and cost and carbon emissions will decrease as technology improves. Electric buses will be purchased as part of the project investment.

130. The no-project alternative would continue using the aging diesel powered bus fleet, which even with new replacements, would continue with high levels of urban pollution. The move to electric powered fleet is accompanied by a rationalization of the bus network with new routes, timetables and real time monitoring.

131. Tuancheng urban renewal. The CUDEIP Supplementary Document 10: Tuancheng Development Master Plan does not analyze alternatives, since the component (Area 3) is part of a sequential redevelopment of the old city center directed by the Hetian Urban Development Master Plan. Within these constraints however there is a high degree of flexibility to develop innovative and culturally responsive urban neighborhoods. Examples include the low number of parking spots, mirroring the low car ownership in the Uyghur community, pedestrian priority in alleyways and internal roads, frequent and linked open space areas, and culturally characteristic building facades along main thoroughfares but not side streets (to save costs for individual household rebuilders).

132. The no-project alternative is untenable, since the housing stock and services in the area have deteriorated to the point where community health, safety and environmental amenity are threatened.

F． Associated Facilities

133. Since all project components will be undertaken within the context of Hetian’s Urban Development Plan and will be in areas of urban rehabilitation and renewal, project components will complement other developments or be dependent upon their proper functioning. These are classified as associated facilities and require environmental due diligence as part of project safeguards.

134. The following existing or new facilities associated with the project have been identified, requiring due diligence:

• Hetian Water Supply Plants #1 and #2 which are the sources of water supply conveyed by project funded pipelines, including to Jiya,

• Hexi WWTP which will be expanded under project funds to treat wastewater to a quality appropriate for reuse, and will generate treated wastewater for reuse

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• Hedong WWTP which will generate treated wastewater for reuse • Huawei Hetian Power Generation Plant which will use reclaimed wastewater from the

expanded WWTP and conveyed by project funded pipelines, as cooling water, • Hetian landfill which will accept dewatered sludge from Hexi WWTP, sludge and gypsum

from the Huawei Power Plant pollution control facilities and covering soil from surplus excavation spoil from road making and pipe-laying

135. The nature of the associated facilities is described below and an environmental due diligence for the current and planned operation of each as appropriate is provided in Section K of Chapter VI: Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures. 136. Water Supply Plants. No. 1 Water Supply Plant (WSP) was built in 1985. It covers an area of 2.8 hectares, and uses groundwater, with 14 water source wells, the abstraction rate of each of which is about 200 m3/hour. The water supply capacity is 50,000 m3/day; the actual water supply is close to full capacity in the summer peak. In the plant there are three clean water tanks, one secondary pumping station, one chlorination room (using chlorine dioxide for disinfection) and related ancillary facilities. The plant’s equipment and building structures are intact, but generally old. The water quality testing facilities are insufficient. At present the water produced has relatively high hardness. 137. No. 2 Water Supply Plant was built in 2004. It covers an area of 6 hectares, and uses groundwater, with 6 water source wells, 4 of which are within the plant and 2 of which are outside. The abstraction rate of each is about 210 m3/hour. The water supply capacity is 20,000 m3/day; the actual water supply is close to full capacity in the summer peak. In the plant there is one clean water tank, one secondary pumping station, one chlorination room and related ancillary facilities. The plant’s equipment and building structures are intact. At present the water produced has relatively high hardness and the fluorine content exceeds the standard slightly.

138. These two WSPs underwent limited renovation in 2007 to improve water supply safety, and the distributed water from the plants now generally meets the national drinking water standard.

Pump room Water source well

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200,000 liter storage tank at No.1 WSP

Figure IV.13: Hetian City No. 1 Water Supply Plant

Chlorination room Construction for upgrading in progress Figure IV.14: Hetian City No. 2 Water Supply Plant

139. Hexi WWTP. The current WWTP is newly built and has a capacity of 50,000 m3/d. However it is operating without final approvals since it has consistently failed to achieve treated wastewater of the required quality (1B standard (GB 18918-2002)). Consequently, the WWTP is discharging low quality treated wastewater consistent with primary and partial secondary treatment only (filtration and sedimentation) into an adjacent canal. The Hetian City Government plans to upgrade the effluent quality to Class 1A standard using upgraded technology adding nitrification biological filtration and denitrification deep-bed filtration and chlorine disinfection from its own funds. It is planned that this will be undertaken in parallel with the project component (the construction of an additional 25,000 m3/d capacity).

Aeration and sedimentation tanks Sludge dewatering unit

Figure IV.15: Existing Facilities at Hexi WWTP

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140. Hedong WWTP. At present, the Hedong service area mainly consists of the eastern portion of the Beijing Industrial Park area (east of the Yulongkash River). The wastewater treatment plant collects domestic wastewater from the residents in Beijing Industrial Park as well as industrial wastewater. The capacity of the wastewater treatment plant is 10,000 m3/d. It uses a A2O-MBR (anaerobic-anoxic-Oxic membrane bioreactor) process. The plant is designed to meet effluent quality Class 1B standard of Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant.

141. The production area in the wastewater treatment plant includes coarse screens, pumping station, fine screens, rotational flow grit chamber, and sludge homogenizing tank, sludge dewatering room, air blower room, chlorine dioxide preparation room, and power distribution room. These civil works were built for a planned future capacity of 30,000 m3/d. Other wastewater treatment structures including A2O pond, membrane equipment room, MBR pond, and clean water tank were built to a capacity of 10,000 m3/d, with land reserved on the eastern side of the wastewater treatment plant for expansion.

142. Huawei Power Plant. This is a new 2x135 MW thermal co-generation power plant, commissioned in 2017. It is a coal-fired plant which incorporates desulfurization, denitrification and dust removal facilities to comply with new pollution control standards (GB 13223-2011) and IFC-EHS targets for air emissions. Present Hetian power demand is provided by one of the 135 MW units in operation at any time with the second unit as back-up. The plant produces 50 MW of heating which provides heating water for an urban area of 600,000 m2 of Hetian. It is expected to use 12,000 m3/day of recycled wastewater treated to 1A standard of GB 18918-2002 at a cost of CNY 1/m3.

Figure IV.16: Air Emissions Purification Facility at Huawei Power Plant

143. Hetian landfill. The landfill is located 15 km north of the city area in the fringes of the Taklamakan Desert, and has been operating since 2009. It covers a site of 144,000 m2 and has a capacity of 500,000 m3 (or 30 years of Hetian garbage production). It is estimated that the landfill site has existing capacity for 10-20 years more use, and surrounded by desert on all sides, the facility has almost unlimited scope for future expansion if required. The facility is fully lined with a geotextile base and sides for leachate containment. Due to the extremely arid climate, leachate production is very low. The small amount of leachate is drained to a holding tank for settlement and then directed to perimeter landscaping areas for irrigation. The

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settled sludge is routinely removed to the landfill and covered. The landfill has methane collection gabion towers installed on a 50 m grid pattern for passive dispersal by desert winds. Its isolated location is shown in Figure IV.17 and its design illustrated at Figure IV.18.

Figure IV.17: Hetian Landfill in desert north of Hetian oasis area

Figure IV.18: Active tip face on left; on right remaining unused areas showing base lining and

methane gabion towers.

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V. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A． Physical Setting

144. Geography and Terrain. The subprojects are located in Hetian City, a major oasis town in southwestern Xinjiang, an autonomous region in western China (Figure V.1). With a population of 322,300, Hetian City is situated in the Tarim Basin some 1,500 kilometers southwest of the regional capital, Urumqi. It lies just north of the Kunlun Mountains, which are crossed by the Sanju, Hindutash and Ilchi passes. The town, located southeast of Yarkant County and populated almost exclusively by Uyghurs, is a minor agricultural center. An important station on the southern branch of the historic Silk Road, Hetian City has always depended on two rivers - the Karakash River and the White Jade (Yulongkash) River to provide the water needed to survive on the southwestern edge of the vast Taklamakan Desert. The Yulongkash River still provides water and irrigation for the town and oasis.

Figure V.1: Hetian City and main Links within Xinjiang UAR

145. Climate. Hetian City has a cold desert climate, with a mean annual total of only 36.5 mm of precipitation falling on 17.3 days of the year. Due to its southerly location in Xinjiang just north of the Kunlun Mountains, during winter it is one of the warmest locations in the region, with average high temperatures remaining above freezing throughout the year. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −4.4 °C in January to 25.6 °C in July, and the annual mean is 12.54 °C. The diurnal temperature variation is not large for a desert, averaging 12.3 °C annually. Although no monthly averages less than 50% of possible sunshine, the city only receives 2,587 hours of bright sunshine annually, which is on the lower end for Xinjiang; monthly percent possible sunshine ranges from 50% in March to 75% in October. Table V.1 summarizes the climate characteristics in 1971-2000 of Hetian.

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Table V.1: Climate data for Hetian (1971-2000) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Average high °C 0.8 5.9 14.8 23.5 27.6 31.0 32.4 31.4 27.2 20.2 11.1 2.6 19.0

Average low °C −9 −4.4 3.0 10.2 14.6 17.7 19.3 18.3 13.5 6.0 −0.9 −7.1 6.8

Average precipitation

mm 1.6 2.0 1.3 1.5 6.6 8.2 5.7 4.9 1.8 1.3 0.1 1.5 36.5

Average precipitation

days* 2.0 1.7 0.7 1.1 1.9 2.6 2.9 1.8 0.8 0.3 0.3 1.2 17.3

Average relative

humidity (%) 54 46 35 29 35 38 43

Mean monthly sunshine

hours 167.8 163.9 185.8 208.3 234.5 253.2 242.5 231.2 240.0 260.5 221.1 178.2 2,587

Percent possible sunshine

55 54 50 53 54 58 54 55 65 75 72 60 58

*≥ 0.1 mm Sources: China Meteorological Administration.

146. Yearly climatic pattern. The current climate of the southern and southwestern edges of the Taklimakan Desert is characterized by gradual temperature transitions between season, with summer averages around 30oC (maximum) and winter minimum averages around -8oC. There are two distinct rain periods. The first, in the summer months accounts for just less than half of the annual rainfall. The other half (up to 34 mm) falls in December as snow. Wind speed is also highest in the summer months (Figures V.2-5).

Figure V.2: Annual Temperature Profile, Hetian

Figure V.3: Annual Sun-hours Profile, Hetian

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Figure V.4: Annual Precipitation Profile, Hetian

Figure V.5: Annual Wind Speed Profile, Hetian

147. Hydrology. Hetian is located in the Eurasian hinterland with an extreme arid zone, water is the most valuable natural resource. In Hetian City, the main runoff is from Yulongkash River, with an average annual flow of 2.21 billion m³, shared by Luopu County and Hetian County.

148. The Hotan River begins just north of Hetian where its twin tributaries, the Kalakash and the Yulongkash Rivers, meet. Both rivers have their sources in the Kulum Mountain Range and provide all of the water for the Hotan River (Figure V.6).

Figure V.6: Rivers in the Project Region

149. The hydrograph for the Hotan River at Figure V.7 shows that peak flows are experienced

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during the summer months in June-July-August, which coincides with a small summer peak in rainfall. The majority of precipitation however falls as snow in December (See Figure V.4). The snow which falls in the watershed along the northern slopes of the Kulum Range does not melt until late spring / early summer, and this adds significantly to the summer hydrographic peak of the river.

Figure V.7: Hydrograph for the Hotan River

150. Surface water. The seasonal characteristics of surface water distribution: winter-dry, spring-less, summer-flood, autumn-drought. The seasonal proportions of total flow are 5.3% in March to May, 80.9% in June to August, 11.2% in September to November, and 2.4% in December to February. Surface water runoff in Hetian County is 1.088 billion m³, the actual utilization amount is 610 million m³, accounting for 56.07% of the total amount, mainly from the Yulong Kash River and Karakash River. The city has 2 small-scaled reservoirs, those are, Gazong reservoir and Kunlun reservoir, with a total storage capacity of 4 million m³. the total regulation of water storage capacity is 6 million m³. It also has 5 springs, with a total of 24.8 million m³ of water in spring and autumn. The total water discharge rivers and springs can achieve 1,165 million m³.

151. Groundwater. Groundwater resources under Hetian City are about 452 million m³, of which, 380 million m³ can be exploited. There are 4 small and medium-sized storage reservoirs for pumped groundwater with an average annual water storage of 43.3 million m³. Groundwater depth in Hetian City is generally greater than 6m. Quality of most of the underground water is good, and the degree of mineralization is not high, with good development potential.

152. Seismicity. According to the PRC Third Seismic Ground Motion Parameters Zoning Map (GB 18306-2001, revised in June 2015 for the 5th version), the seismic intensity classes in the Hetian is 7. The PRC classifies seismic intensity into 12 classes under the PRC Seismic Intensity Table (GB/T 17742-2008), from Class 1 to Class 12 based on increasing severity of “shaking” of the earth surface and the extent of potential impact. Class 7 is intermediate in severity with most people escaping to outdoor. The design seismic acceleration is 0.15g. Seismic class 7 requires that building design should follow the requirements of Code for Seismic Design of Buildings (GB 50011-2010) amended 2016.

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153. Vegetation resources. Hetian City completed the first survey of forest resources at the end of 1989. The survey results were as follows: the area of plantation preserved area was 203.75 ha, of which, shelter forest was 34.23 ha, timber forest was 0.76 ha, economic forest was 76.89 ha, firewood forest was 58.86 ha, and special forest was 27.73 ha. By the last recording (in 2000), the total forest area in Hetian City had risen to 336.85 ha. Of which, shelter forest was 57.29 ha, economic forest was 94.27 ha, firewood forest was 10.67ha, special forest was 174.63 ha.

154. Mineral resources. Fifty nine kinds of minerals have been found in the region, of which, six are energy resources, including coal, oil shale, oil, natural gas, hot spring and uranium; 13 are metal minerals including iron, manganese, copper, gold, silver, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesium, lithium, beryllium, rubidium and strontium; eight are non-metallic minerals, including sulfur, salt, boron, Glauber's salt, potassium rock, serpentine barite, pyrite and phosphorus rock; 18 are grades of gypsum, asbestos, graphite, fluorite, cement limestone, sand and kaolinite; five are metallurgical auxiliary raw materials, including magnesite, dolomite, quartzite, clay rock and limestone; and seven are jade minerals, including Hetian jade, jasper, Kunlun jade, rhinestone, agate, garnet and beryl. It also has abundant underground oil and natural gas resources, of which, coal reserves reached 93.19 million tons.

155. Protected areas. Figure V.8 shows the National, Provincial and County level protected areas in PRC. The closest to Hetian City is 250 km to the south, covering the Kunlun Mountain Range and Tibetan Plateau.

Figure V.8: Protected Areas

B． Environment at Project Sites

1. Physical Environment

156. Air Quality. The main factors of atmospheric pollution in Hetian City are wind and dust,

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followed by particulate pollution (from coal burning). In the spring and autumn, sand and dust storms are the main sources, while in winter, heating plants and household fires contribute particulate and sulfur dioxide (SO2). 157. The monitoring results from the local environmental monitoring station (EMS) in Hetian area cover 360 monitoring days in 2010 to 2015 sampling SO2, NO2, PM10, CO and O3 levels. The monitoring frequency was 24 hours per day. Air quality compliance rate against Class II standard during this period was 36%, or 130 days. 158. Baseline ambient air quality monitoring for environmental impact assessment in the PRC generally consists of the monitoring of relevant air quality parameters on seven consecutive days. For this project, four monitoring points were set up, including two regular air quality automatic monitoring points in the downtown area, one upwind of the WWTP and one downwind. The location map of monitoring points is in Figure V.9. 159. Table V.2 presents the results of monitoring carried out on 24 February-2 March 2019 by the Hetian Monitoring Station. On the days of monitoring, three monitored parameters (SO2, NO2, CO) complied with Class II of Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-2012) which is the air quality standard for urban areas, while the PM10 levels exceeded the Class II standard, due to the dry and dusty conditions.

Table V.2: Baseline Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Data in Hetian City at Four Monitoring

Points (unit: mg/m3)

Monitoring point Indicator PRC

Standard value

IFC EHS target Monitoring

result Surpassing

times Compliance

Hetian regular monitoring

station

CO 0.30 - 0 Compliance PM10 0.15 0.075-0.15 0.15-0.43 1.8 Not comply SO2 0.12 0.125-0.05 0.038-0.061 0 Compliance NO2 0.08 na 0.019-0.039 0 Compliance

Gujiang Bage Township

CO 0.30 - 0 Compliance PM10 0.15 0.075-0.15 0.14-0.31 1.06 Compliance SO2 0.12 0.125-0.05 0.042 0 Not comply NO2 0.08 na 0.041-0.063 0 Compliance

Yingairike Village (Upwind

of Hexi WWTP)

CO 0.30 PM10 0.15 0.075-0.15 0.222-1.141 6.6 Not comply SO2 0.12 0.125-0.05 0.009-0.035 0 Compliance NO2 0.08 na 0.008-0.012 0 Compliance

Yafulake Village (Downwind of Hexi WWTP)

CO 0.30 PM10 0.15 0.075-0.15 0.221-0.682 3.55 Not comply SO2 0.12 0.125-0.05 0.013-0.018 0 Compliance NO2 0.08 na 0.004-0.017 0 Compliance

CO=carbon monoxide, SO2=sulfur dioxide, NO2=nitrogen dioxide, PM=particle matter, WWTP=wastewater treatment plant. Sources: domestic EIA report, July 2017.

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Sources: domestic EIA report, July 2017.

Figure V.9: Location Map of Environmental Quality Monitoring Points

160. Tables V.3 and V4. present the air quality monitoring data for the Hexi WWTP and its boundaries, which were monitored on 28 May-03 June 2017. The results show that the concentration of H2S and NH3 comply with Class II standard of Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal wastewater treatment plant (GB 18918-2002), while the concentration

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of CH4 in some periods exceeded Class II standard. This is a result of the substandard operation of the WWTP, for which rehabilitation measures are planned.

Table V.3: H2S, NH3 Monitoring Results of Upwind and Downwind of Hexi WWTP

Monitoring points Monitoring time Monitoring results (mg/m3) H2S (0.06) NH3 (1.5)

Yingairike Village (Upwind of Hexi WWTP)

2017.5.28 0.042 0.241 2017.5.29 0.036 0.236 2017.5.30 0.019 0.233 2017.5.31 0.014 0.213 2017.6.01 0.040 0.214 2017.6.02 0.017 0.197 2017.6.03 0.035 0.148

Yafulake (Downwind of Hexi WWTP)

2017.5.28 0.022 0.703 2017.5.29 0.014 0.608 2017.5.30 0.021 0.578 2017.5.31 0.024 0.588 2017.6.01 0.019 0.562 2017.6.02 0.015 0.509 2017.6.03 0.018 0.537

Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal wastewater treatment

plant (GB 18918-2002) Class II 0.06 1.5

H2S=Hydrogen sulfide, NH3=Ammonia, WWTP=wastewater treatment plant. Sources: domestic EIA report, July 2017.

Table V.4: Baseline Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Data in Four Boundaries of Hexi WWTP

Monitoring points Monitoring time Monitoring results (mg/m3) H2S NH3 CH4 O3

Northern boundary of WWTP

2017.5.29 0.036 0.224 1.58

nd 2017.5.29 0.036 0.203 1.36 2017.5.29 0.035 0.219 1.61 2017.5.30 0.036 0.171 1.76 2017.5.30 0.042 0.186 1.70 2017.5.30 0.039 0.181 1.72

Western boundary of WWTP

2017.5.29 0.022 0.753 1.48

<10 2017.5.29 0.024 0.608 1.69 2017.5.29 0.014 0.623 1.93 2017.5.30 0.017 0.703 1.97 2017.5.30 0.022 0.741 1.39 2017.5.30 0.014 0.615 1.48

Southern boundary of WWTP

2017.5.29 0.040 0.314 1.73

nd 2017.5.29 0.036 0.327 1.77 2017.5.29 0.036 0.294 1.71 2017.5.30 0.040 0.286 1.58 2017.5.30 0.022 0.289 1.50 2017.5.30 0.040 0.299 1.65

Eastern boundary of WWTP

2017.5.29 0.017 0.942 1.51

11 2017.5.29 0.014 0.859 1.55 2017.5.29 0.022 0.856 1.53 2017.5.30 0.040 0.826 1.50 2017.5.30 0.017 0.816 1.56 2017.5.30 0.014 0.851 1.55

Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal wastewater treatment plant (GB

18918-2002) Class II 0.06 1.5 1.0 20

H2S=Hydrogen sulfide, NH3=Ammonia, CH4=Methane, nd = not detected, O3=Ozone, WWTP=wastewater treatment plant. Sources: domestic EIA report, July 2017. 161. Acoustic Environment. The project involves eight civil works components, for which 146 potential sensitive receivers have been identified, including 12 hospitals, 25 schools, 88 residential communities and 21 mosques. Of these, 35 points were selected in May and

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September 2017 to monitor the noise level and will be referred as acoustic environmental baseline. The noise monitoring results are shown in Table V.5.

Table V.5: Baseline Noise Monitoring Results

Name of sensitive receptors

Monitoring points Monitoring period Traffic

flow Monitoring results dB (A) PRC Compliance

Kezikedaerwazi Village-street

In front of buildings

27 May Daytime 96 55.3 Class 4a 27 May Night time 31 43.5 Class 4a 28 May Daytime 107 53.6 Class 4a 28 May Night time 17 43.2 Class 4a

Behind buildings

27 May Daytime / 48.3 Class 2 27 May Night time / 39.4 Class 2 28 May Daytime / 46.9 Class 2 28 May Night time / 39.1 Class 2

Street along Chengbei Community

In front of buildings

27 May Daytime 188 62.5 Class 4a 27 May Night time 57 49.3 Class 4a 28 May Daytime 238 61.7 Class 4a 28 May Night time 61 48.9 Class 4a

Behind buildings

27 May Daytime / 48.6 Class 2 27 May Night time / 39.2 Class 2 28 May Daytime / 49.9 Class 2 28 May Night time / 40.2 Class 2

Maria Gynecology Hospital

27 May Daytime 265 63.2 3.2dB(A) exceeding Class 2 standard

27 May Night time 59 50.6 0.6dB(A) exceeding Class 2 standard

28 May Daytime 213 61.1 1.1dB(A) exceeding Class 2 standard

28 May Night time 40 51.1 1.1dB(A) exceeding Class 2 standard

Street along Hetian Linye Huayuan Community

In front of buildings

27 May Daytime 309 59.7 Class 4a 27 May Night time 59 42.2 Class 4a 28 May Daytime 298 60.9 Class 4a 28 May Night time 67 43.6 Class 4a

Behind buildings

27 May Daytime / 47.9 Class 2 27 May Night time / 38.5 Class 2 28 May Daytime / 48.2 Class 2 28 May Night time / 39.3 Class 2

Atila Bilingual Kindergarten

27 May Daytime 305 60.6 0.6dB(A) exceeding Class 2 standard

27 May Night time 33 46.5 Class 2 28 May Daytime 266 61.5 1.5dB(A) exceeding Class

2 standard 28 May Night time 29 45.3 Class 2

Hetian County No.2 Primary School 27 May Daytime 302 58.1 Class 2 27 May Night time 46 44.3 Class 2 28 May Daytime 237 57.9 Class 2 28 May Night time 43 43.8 Class 2

Street along Hetian Bureau of Construction residential community

In front of buildings

27 May Daytime 262 58.7 Class 4a 27 May Night time 30 42.2 Class 4a 28 May Daytime 204 59.6 Class 4a 28 May Night time 45 43.7 Class 4a

Behind buildings

27 May Daytime / 49.0 Class 2 27 May Night time / 41.7 Class 2 2.28 Daytime / 48.7 Class 2

Behind buildings 28 May Night time / 40.1 Class 2

Hetian City No.5 High School 27 May Daytime 258 58.3 Class 2 27 May Night time 29 43.3 Class 2 28 May Daytime 198 59.8 Class 2 28 May Night time 36 44.5 Class 2

Hetian Baohaidu Kindergarten 27 May Daytime 291 58.6 Class 2 27 May Night time 52 43.5 Class 2 28 May Daytime 242 59.1 Class 2

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Name of sensitive receptors

Monitoring points Monitoring period Traffic

flow Monitoring results dB (A) PRC Compliance

28 May Night time 26 43.3 Class 2

Hetian City No.3 High School 27 May Daytime 298 57.8 Class 2 27 May Night time 55 44.6 Class 2 28 May Daytime 261 58.9 Class 2 28 May Night time 64 43.7 Class 2

Street along Hetian City Bureau of Forestry residential community

In front of buildings

27 May Daytime 298 57.9 Class 2 27 May Night time 68 44.7 Class 2 28 May Daytime 283 59.7 Class 2 28 May Night time 65 43.8 Class 2

Behind buildings

27 May Daytime / 49.1 Class 2 27 May Night time / 40.2 Class 2 28 May Daytime / 48.3 Class 2 28 May Night time / 41.6 Class 2

Street along Xiaoerbage Township Tuowanxiaoerbage Village

In front of buildings

27 May Daytime 197 55.4 Class 2 27 May Night time 52 41.2 Class 2 28 May Daytime 169 56.2 Class 2 28 May Night time 67 40.3 Class 2

Behind buildings

27 May Daytime / 47.6 Class 2 27 May Night time / 39.2 Class 2 28 May Daytime / 48.7 Class 2 28 May Night time / 39.8 Class 2

Rekefu Hospital

27 May Daytime 348 63.4 3.4dB(A) exceeding Class 2 standard

27 May Night time 58 51.3 1.3dB(A) exceeding Class 2 standard

28 May Daytime 342 62.5 2.5dB(A) exceeding Class 2 standard

28 May Night time 63 50.4 0.4dB(A) exceeding Class 2 standard

Hetian School of Hygiene

27 May Daytime 189 59.7 Class 2 27 May Night time 28 45.8 Class 2 28 May Daytime 178 58.6 Class 2 28 May Night time 24 44.7 Class 2

Youhao Hospital

27 May Daytime 301 61.8 1.8dB(A) exceeding Class 2 standard

27 May Night time 48 50.3 0.3dB(A) exceeding Class 2 standard

28 May Daytime 271 62.7 2.7dB(A) exceeding Class 2 standard

28 May Night time 54 51.6 1.6dB(A) exceeding Class 2 standard

County Matemal and Childcare Service Center

27 May Daytime 311 59.7 Class 2 27 May Night time 59 48.6 Class 2 28 May Daytime 278 58.1 Class 2 28 May Night time 54 46.3 Class 2

Hetian County No.2 High School 27 May Daytime 252 58.6 Class 2 27 May Night time 55 45.7 Class 2 28 May Daytime 198 59.3 Class 2 28 May Night time 59 44.8 Class 2

Street along Dongcheng Park Community

In front of buildings

27 May Daytime 199 62.5 Class 4a 27 May Night time 29 48.6 Class 4a 28 May Daytime 158 61.3 Class 4a 28 May Night time 28 47.6 Class 4a

Behind buildings

27 May Daytime / 48.9 Class 2 27 May Night time / 40.6 Class 2 28 May Daytime / 49.7 Class 2 28 May Night time / 41.3 Class 2

Hetian District No.2 High School 27 May Daytime 186 59.4 Class 2 27 May Night time 26 46.7 Class 2 28 May Daytime 153 58.9 Class 2 28 May Night time 24 45.5 Class 2

Arele Primary School 27 May Daytime 182 59.8 Class 2 27 May Night time 27 44.6 Class 2

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Name of sensitive receptors

Monitoring points Monitoring period Traffic

flow Monitoring results dB (A) PRC Compliance

28 May Daytime 155 58.7 Class 2 28 May Night time 24 43.2 Class 2

Xiamalege Village 27 May Daytime 198 48.7 Class 2 27 May Night time 59 39.4 Class 2 28 May Daytime 151 49.1 Class 2 28 May Night time 29 38.5 Class 2

Jiaxing Kindergarten 27 May Daytime 283 57.9 Class 2 27 May Night time 54 41.5 Class 2 28 May Daytime 252 58.6 Class 2 28 May Night time 55 42.3 Class 2

Hetian Minxin Hospital 27 May Daytime 174 59.8 Class 2 27 May Night time 21 48.7 Class 2 28 May Daytime 170 57.4 Class 2 28 May Night time 24 46.3 Class 2

Power Company residential community

27 May Daytime 132 58.7 Class 2 27 May Night time 21 43.9 Class 2 28 May Daytime 201 59.1 Class 2 28 May Night time 28 44.3 Class 2

Maidirisiboyi Village 27 May Daytime 88 49.7 Class 2 27 May Night time 13 39.4 Class 2 28 May Daytime 79 51.2 Class 2 28 May Night time 9 38.7 Class 2

Aketiereke Village 27 May Daytime 51 47.4 Class 2 27 May Night time 11 39.1 Class 2 28 May Daytime 72 46.5 Class 2 28 May Night time 8 38.6 Class 2

Lasikui Town Awati Village 27 May Daytime 23 43.6 Class 2 27 May Night time 6 37.5 Class 2 28 May Daytime 31 44.8 Class 2 28 May Night time 5 36.9 Class 2

Hetian City Binhe New District Bilingual Kindergarten

27 May Daytime 187 59.4 Class 2 27 May Night time 28 43.6 Class 2 28 May Daytime 168 58.7 Class 2 28 May Night time 24 44.9 Class 2

Kezikedaerwazhi Village 27 May Daytime / 57.3 Class 2 27 May Night time / 43.7 Class 2 28 May Daytime / 57.1 Class 2 28 May Night time / 44.6 Class 2

Kunlun Yuhuayuan 27 May Daytime 176 57.9 Class 2 27 May Night time 29 45.0 Class 2 28 May Daytime 136 58.5 Class 2 28 May Night time 16 44.6 Class 2

Bus Maintenance Center Site 27 May Daytime / 46.7 Class 2 27 May Night time / 39.8 Class 2 28 May Daytime / 49.3 Class 2 28 May Night time / 41.1 Class 2

Solid waste transfer station 27 May Daytime / 45.5 Class 2 27 May Night time / 38.3 Class 2 28 May Daytime / 44.6 Class 2 28 May Night time / 37.3 Class 2

Hetian County No. 1 Primary School

6 Sep Daytime 96 55.3 Class 2 6 Sep Night time 31 42.5 Class 2 7 Sep Daytime 107 54.6 Class 2 7 Sep Night time 17 43.2 Class 2

Hetian County Uyghur Hospital 6 Sep Daytime 88 59.7 Class 2 6 Sep Night time 35 45.8 Class 2 7 Sep Daytime 112 58.6 Class 2 7 Sep Night time 15 44.7 Class 2

Hetian County No. 3 Primary School

6 Sep Daytime 84 55.6 Class 2 6 Sep Night time 31 43.5 Class 2 7 Sep Daytime 101 54.8 Class 2 7 Sep Night time 18 43.2 Class 2

Donghu Huayuan Community 6 Sep Daytime 265 63.2 3.2 dB(A) exceeding Class

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Name of sensitive receptors

Monitoring points Monitoring period Traffic

flow Monitoring results dB (A) PRC Compliance

2 standard 6 Sep Night time 59 50.6 0.6 dB(A) exceeding Class

2 standard 7 Sep Daytime 213 61.1 1.1 dB(A) exceeding Class

2 standard 7 Sep Night time 40 51.1 1.1 dB(A) exceeding Class

2 standard Sources: DEIA report, September 2017. 162. According to the results in Table V.5, all PRC Level 4a standards (for proximity to major roads) are met and for most of time the ambient acoustic environmental quality can meet the Level 2 standard (residential, institutional and commercial). However, in some road sections with high traffic flow, Level 2 standard is already exceeded. The maximum exceedance reaches 3.4 dB(A) in daytime and 1.5 dB(A) in night time and these include Maria Gynecological Hospital, Donghu Huayuan Community and Rekefu Hospital. Exceedances of IFC-EHS targets are more common, since for residential and institutional/commercial areas these are more strict than PRC standards (grey shaded in Table) and point to the need for noise amelioration measures along all roads. 163. Sensitive Receptors: air pollution and noise. The locations of sensitive receptors for the relevant project components are shown in Attachment 2.

164. Surface water. Xinjiang Shuiqingqing Environment Monitoring Technical Service Co., Ltd conducted monitoring of the Karakash River and Yulongkash River in April 2017. The results showed compliance with the requirements of Class II of Ambient Surface Water Quality Standard (GB3838-2002), which represents potentially potable water if appropriate extraction and treatment measures are taken. There are no equivalent IFC EHS water quality guidelines or targets.

Table V.6: Surface Water Quality Monitoring Results

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Monitored water body Monitoring section Indicator Results Class II

(GB3838-2002) Compliance

Karakash River

Moyu River No. 2 Bridge (upstream)

pH 8.38 6~9 Y SS 6 200 Y

Nitrate ＜0.025 0.5 Y COD 8 15 Y BOD5 <2.0 3 Y

Salinity 716 1000 Y Petroleum 0.02 0.05 Y

Karakash Bridge (downstream)

pH 8.35 6~9 Y SS 4 200 Y

Nitrate ＜0.025 0.5 Y COD 14 15 Y BOD5 2.3 3 Y

Salinity 782 1000 Y Petroleum 0.02 0.05 Y

Yulongkash River

Yulongkash River Bridge (upstream)

pH 8.80 6~9 Y SS 12 200 Y

Nitrate 0.103 0.5 Y COD 12 15 Y BOD5 2.0 3 Y

Salinity 353 1000 Y Petroleum 0.02 0.05 Y

Ka River Bridge (downstream)

pH 8.74 6~9 Y SS 10 200 Y

Nitrate 0.209 0.5 Y COD 7 15 Y BOD5 2.6 3 Y

Salinity 389 1000 Y Petroleum 0.03 0.05 Y

SS=suspended solid, COD=chemical oxygen demand, BOD5=5-day biological oxygen demand. Sources: domestic EIA report, July 2017. 165. Groundwater. Water quality sampling conducted by Xinjiang Shuiqingqing Environment Monitoring Technical Service Co., Ltd at No. 2 WSP, Yiliqi WSP and One-Township-One-Town WSP of East Yuhe in April 2017. The results showed compliance with Class II of Groundwater Quality Standard (GB3838-2002), which is based on human health benchmark values and is suitable for centralized drinking water sources with treatment and for untreated industrial and agricultural water. There are no equivalent IFC EHS water quality guidelines or targets.

Table V.7: Groundwater Quality Monitoring Results. Unit: mg/L

Parameter No. 2 WSP Yiliqi WSP One Township One

Town WSP Class II GB3838-2002

pH 8.13 8.04 8.20 6.5-8.5 Total dissolved solids 760 446 500 ≤1000 Ammonia nitrogen <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 ≤0.2 Total hardness 190 368 347 ≤450 Chloride 204 195 187 ≤250 Fluoride 0.84 0.60 0.37 ≤1.0 Sulfate 34.8 107 179 ≤250 Permanganate index 0.68 0.70 0.68 ≤3.0 Hexavalent chromium <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 ≤0.05 Copper <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 ≤1.0 Lead <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 ≤1.0 Zinc <0.00003 <0.00003 <0.00003 ≤0.05 Cd <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 ≤0.01 Arsenic <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 ≤0.05 Mercury <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 ≤0.001

Sources: domestic EIA report, July 2017.

166. Soil quality. Due to the past use of the bus maintenance sites as sewage settlement ponds, soil quality sampling was conducted by Xinjiang New Energy Environmental Inspection

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Co., Ltd in July 2017 to ensure that the site was safe for development. Seven samples were taken at the proposed bus maintenance center, including surface and down to 2 m depth. The results are shown in Table V.8.

Table V.8: Soil quality at proposed bus maintenance center

Parameter Unit 0-0.5m 0.5-1.0m 1.0-1.5m 1.5-2.0m Surface soil 1

Surface soil 2

Outside soil (control)

Soil quality Class II Standards

pH - 8.21 8.56 8.64 7.97 7.88 8.91 8.82 >7.5 Chromium (Cr) mg/kg 209 153 174 171 169 191 179 250 Cadmium (Cd) mg/kg 0.53 0.264 0.43 0.461 0.249 0.593 0.397 0.6 Mercury (Hg) mg/kg 0.018 0.029 0.052 0.055 0.167 0.110 0.037 1.0 Arsenic (As) mg/kg 6.63 7.46 10.3 4.78 2.10 5.25 7.21 25 Lead (Pb) mg/kg 13.5 9.01 12.2 12.4 14.2 11.0 12.0 350 Copper (Cu) mg/kg 27 22.0 26.5 24.5 230 24.5 25.0 100 Zinc (Zn) mg/kg 81.5 81.0 76.0 85.0 79.5 68.5 79.0 300 Nickel (Ni) mg/kg 41.5 41.5 36.0 33.5 38.5 35.0 44.0 60

167. The results show that the soil quality of the area can meet Class II standard of the Environmental Quality Standard for Soil (GB15618-1995) which is suitable for urban and commercial premises.

2. Biological Resources

168. Biodiversity and Habitats. According to the distribution of key species for biodiversity, the biodiversity hotspots in Xinjiang are: Algun Mountains, Aibi Lake Wetland, West Tianshan Mountains, Altai Mountain, Lopnour-Gashun Desert, Bosten Lake wetland, Tarim River Basin, Ertisi River Basin, Wulungu River Basin, eastern Junggar desert, Kunlun Mountain and Beita Mountain. These hotspots, especially the mountainous areas, are the most biologically diverse in Xinjiang. The project location is not included in any of these hotspot areas.

169. Hetian City is an oasis area on the southern edge of the Taklamakan Desert. No trace of the original oasis vegetation exists today. The area is devoted to settlement and agriculture, with walnuts, grapes, figs, fennel, and red dates as the predominant crops and wild medicinal plants such as licorice, Cistanche salsa, Chinese wolfberry, Cynomorium, Codonopsis, rhubarb, Dracocephalum ruyschiana, and Ephedra.

170. Urban forests and landscaping within the city for dust and temperature control comprise Populus euphratica, Populus pruinosa, Hippophae rhamnoides, and Cistanche salsa. Street tree plantings use mainly Platanus orientalis and Fraxinus species.

171. On the outskirts of the city are areas of Desert Grassland Ecosystem which comprise a mixture of drought and cold resistant perennial grasses and forbs (Stipa, Festuca, Artemesia, Poa angustifolia and Bromus inermis) as well as shrublands dominated by Haloxylon persicun, H. ammodendrum, Tamarax, Reaumaria, Nitaria sphaerocarpa, Halostachys belangeriana, Calligonum, Ammopiptanthus nanus and Halimodendron halodendron.

172. Rough grazing areas, more distant from the urban areas, are either induced sparse grasslands where the shrub layer has been destroyed and are gradually losing their soil cover or altered shrublands with a mixture of native and exotic plants.

173. Only on the extremities of the desert grassland/shrubland surrounding the city do natural habitats exist. Within and adjoining the project sites there are no natural habitats or critical habitats for biodiversity.

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Figure V.10: Land Cover, Xinjiang UAR

174. Reference to IBAT13 shows that there are no areas within or adjoining the project area with key biodiversity values or function. The closest designated area is one of a complex of Important Bird & Biodiversity Areas following the watercourses, and anabranch plains and the fringing vegetation of the Tarim Basin rivers, including the Hotan River at the confluence of its tributaries (Yulong Kash River and Karakash River) about.12 km north of Hetian at its most southern point (Figure V.11).

C． Physical Cultural Resources

175. The project DEIA has reviewed the status of cultural heritage within the project area of influence and concluded that no physical cultural resources occur within the project area of influence. Should buried artifacts of archaeological significance be uncovered during the construction stage within the project areas, construction will be stopped and immediately reported to local Cultural Bureaus in accordance with the PRC’s Cultural Relics Protection Law (2002).

13 Integrated Biodiversity assessment Tool (https://www.ibat-alliance.org/ibat-conservation/mapviewerol213)

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Figure V.11: IBAT Map of Important Bird & Biodiversity Area north of Hetian

D． Water source Protection Zones

176. The protection zones for bore water is centered on the groundwater wells and takes the migration distance of solute particles in 100 days as the radius of Zone 1 Protection; and takes the migration distance of solute particles in 1000 days as the radius of Zone 2 Protection zone. The radius of the Zone 1 Protection zone is about 200 m, and the Zone 1 Protection zone is a further 2000 m outside the boundary of the Zone 1 Protection zone.

177. Hetian No.1 Water Supply Plant. The water source protection zone for No.2 WSP is delineated in accordance with the State Environmental Protection Administration Drinking Water Source Protection Zone Division Technical Specifications issued on January 9, 2007. This plant draws on 10 wells within the water source area, of which five are in the water plant and other five are outside the plant. The distances between wells are from 30m to 500m. The water type is subsurface phreatic pore water and the aquifer medium type is medium coarse sand and gravels.

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Figure V.12: Protection zone of Hetian 1st water supply plant

Figure V.13: 1st class protection zone of Hetian 1st water supply plant

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Figure V.14: Protection zone of Hetian 1st water supply plant

178. Hetian No.2 Water Supply Plant. The water source protection zone for No.2 WSP is delineated in accordance with the State Environmental Protection Administration Drinking Water Source Protection Zone Division Technical Specifications issued on January 9, 2007. Hetian No.2 plant has six wells within the water source area, of which four are in the water plant and other two are out of the plant. The distances between wells are from 80m to 200m. The water type is subsurface phreatic pore water and the aquifer medium type is medium coarse sand and gravels.

Figure V.15: Protection zone of Hetian 2nd water supply plant

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Figure V.16: 1st class protection zone of Hetian 2nd water supply plant

Figure V.17: Protection zone of Hetian 2nd water supply plant

179. Under the National Regulations on the Pollution Control and Protection of Drinking Water Source (10 July, 1989, revised on 20 December 2010), Article 19 Drinking Water Groundwater Sources, developments and activities in the protected areas must comply with the following provisions: Zone 1 protection area

• Prohibit the construction of buildings that are not related to water abstraction facilities;

• Prohibition of agriculture and animal husbandry activities;

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• Prohibit dumping, dumping of industrial waste and municipal waste, manure and other hazardous wastes;

• Prohibit channels and pipelines to transport sewage and oil pipelines through the area;

• Prohibit the construction of oil centers; • Prohibit the establishment of cemeteries

Zone 2 protection area

(a) for submerged aquifer groundwater sources: • Prohibit to build chemical, electroplating, leather, papermaking, pulping, smelting,

radioactive, printing and dyeing, dyes, coking, oil refining and other enterprises with serious pollution.

• Prohibit the establishment of municipal waste, faeces and soluble, toxic and hazardous waste dumping and transfer stations, the existing transfer stations to be relocated in a limited time;

• Prohibit the use of untreated sewage irrigated farmland, the existing sewage irrigation farmland to switch to clean water within a limited period of time;

• Chemical raw materials, mineral oil and toxic and hazardous mineral products must have a place to prevent rain, anti-seepage measures.

(b) for pressurized aquifer groundwater sources: • Prohibit mixed mining of pressure water and submerged water, make water-proof

measures for submerged water.

E． Socio-economic Conditions

180. Demographic profile. Official statistics indicate that the population of Hetian city is increasing, especially for urban population. Hetian had a total of 348,300 residents by the end of 2015, of which 297,300 were urban population and 51,000 rural population. The urban people accounted for 85% of total Hetian population and the rural people accounted for the remaining 15% of its population. In 2010, the official statistics counted 318,063 residents in Hetian city, of which 132,734 were urban people, accounting for 41.7% of total Hetian population. Hetian population increased 9.5% from 2010 to 2015, whereas the urban population in Hetian increased 124% at the same period. The average population density in the city is 703 persons/km2.

181. Of the total population in Hetian in 2015 there were 172,900 female people, accounting for 49.6% of the total, which was slightly lower than that of males at 50.4%.

182. Ethnic groups. Hetian is home of ethnic groups of Uyghur, Hui, Kazakh, Dongxiang, Tujia, and Tibetan. The Uyghur Minority consists of the majority of population in Hetian. In 2015 the official statistics counted 311,100 Uyghur people (89.3% of total population) and 35,900 Han people (10.3% of total population) in Hetian city, and then the remaining ethnic groups included Kazakh, Hui, Dongxiang, Tujia and Tibetan with total population of 1,300, sharing a tiny percentage of total population (0.37%). Urban population growth has been mainly increases in the Uyghur population, by both natural growth and migration to the cities from rural areas.

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Table V.9: Demographic Profile (Thousand) (2015)

Hetian Prefecture

Hetian City

Nu’erbage Sub-

district Gujiangbage Sub-district

Gulebage Sub-

district

Na’erBage Sub-

district Jiya

Township

Total Population 2324.3 348.3 36 38.4 48.3 44.6 28.9

Male 1186.5 175.4 17.8 21.1 26.6 22.5 14.6 Female 1137.8 172.9 18.1 17.3 21.7 22.1 14.3

Ethnic Group 2253 311.1 23.8 25.3 19.9 42.4 28.8 Rural 1705.9 51 0.7 6.1 3.3 9.0 27.6 Urban 618.4 297.3 35.3 32.3 45.0 35.6 1.3

Area (km2) 249146.6 495.8 4.67 7.5 4.1 4.98 170.5 Population

Density (person/km2) 9 703 7709 5120 11780 8956 170

Source: Hetian City Statistics Yearbook 2016. Hetian PMO. Note: Data of Hetian Prefecture and Hetian City were from Hetian City Statistics Yearbook 2016. Data of 4 Sub-districts and Jiya Township were collected from governments of 4 Sub-districts and Jiya Township by Hetian PMO. Minority population consisted of the majority of population in project areas. In 2015 there were 140,200 minority population in project areas, sharing 71.5% of the total, where Uyghur made up of the largest percentage of minority population (above 90%).

183. Economic profile. Hetian has experienced a fast GDP growth in the past six years (2010-2015). In 2015 the total GDP in Hetian reached CNY 655 thousand, or an increase of 13.7% over the previous year. The GDP composition ratios for the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors were 6.41%, 18.78%, and 74.81% respectively in the same year 2015. During 2010-2015 the secondary and tertiary industry comprised major composition of GDP in Hetian. Over the same period, the share of primary industry of Hetian GDP was very small, below 10%.

184. While the secondary industry’s contribution to GDP was significant, its share steadily remained over 30% of the whole city GDP from 2010 to 2014, but the share declined by 18.78% coupled with a rapid increase of tertiary industry in 2015. The tertiary industry is occupying an increasingly important position. The percentage of GDP from the tertiary industry accounted for about 60% from 2010 to 2014. Especially, in 2015 the share of tertiary industry was up to above 70% of the whole city

Table V.10: Economic Statistics in Hetian City (2010-2015) (%)

Year GDP （Thousand）

GDP Growth Rate At

Comparable Prices

Per Capita GDP

(Yuan)

Per Capita GDP Growth Rate

Primary Industry

Secondary Industry

Tertiary Industry

2010 265 23.5 8327 14.6 10.9 30.1 59 2011 352 23.7 10927 31.2 9.6 34.9 55.5 2012 407 14.8 12747 16.6 7.96 30.99 61.05 2013 462 13.8 14388 12.9 7.6 36.0 56.4 2014 551 13.9 16608 15.4 7.32 36.12 56.56 2015 655 13.7 18856 13.5 6.41 18.78 74.81

Source: Hetian City Statistics Yearbook 2016.

185. Per capita disposable income of urban residents has increased from 12,746 Yuan in 2010 to 22,468 Yuan in 2015, increasing 76.3% from 2010 to 2015. Similarly, per capita annual net income of farmers has gone up from 3,759 Yuan in 2010 to 6,630 Yuan in 2015, increasing

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76.4% from 2010 to 2015.

Table V.11: Resident Income Level in Hetian City (Yuan) (2015) 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Per Capita Annual Disposal Income of Urban Resident

12746 14653 17161 18472 20151 22468

Per Capita Annual Net Income of Rural Resident

3759 4099 4545 5138 5873 6630

Source: Hetian City Statistics Yearbook 2016.

186. Poverty levels. Urban people whose income is below CNY 37614 per month are official defined as urban poverty population in Hetian City. According to the official statistics, 41,752 urban people in Hetian were poor by 2016, which was 14 % of the total urban population. The urban poverty ratio was much higher than the average of XUAR (7.6%) and slightly lower than that of Hetian Prefecture (16.3%). Rural people whose income is below CNY 23815 per month are official defined as rural poverty population in Hetian City. According to the official statistics, 26,273 rural people in Hetian were poor by 2016, which was 51.5 % of the total rural population. The rural poverty ratio was considerably higher than the average of XUAR (10.6%) and Hetian Prefecture (17.8%).

187. In comparison, the great majority of poverty population in project Sub-districts/township is the urban poor where the urban poverty rate is significantly higher than that of Hetian City. In 2016, Na’erbage Sub-district had the largest number of urban poor population, where the poverty ratio was up to 32%, followed by Jiya Township (29.2%), Gujiangbage (25.7%) and Nu’erbage (16.9%). The exception is Gulebage Sub-district where only 7.9% were urban poor people. The main reason of quite lower percentage of urban poor population in Gulebage is that large number of business facilities and governmental institutions at Hetian City and prefecture levels are located, and where residents have relatively good incomes.

188. The percentage of rural poor population in project Sub-districts/township was substantially smaller than that of Hetian City and Hetian Prefecture levels at the same year. The rural poor people accounted for 9.8% in Jiya Township, followed by Gulebage (7.4%), Nu’erbage (6.0%), Gujiangbage (3.4%) and Na’erbage (1.8%).

Table V.12: Poverty Population in Project Area (2016) Region Total Poor Population Urban Poor Rural Poor

No.（person）

Poverty Ratio (%)

No.（person）

Poverty Ratio (%)

No.（person）

Poverty Ratio (%)

XUAR 2,169,670 9.2 845,808 7.6 1,323,862 10.6 Hetian Prefecture 404,951 17.4 101,053 16.3 303,898 17.8 Hetian City 68,025 19.5 41,752 14.0 26,273 51.5 Nu’erbage Sub-district 6025 20.0 5983 16.9 42 6.0 Gujiangbage Sub-district 8510 22.2 8300 25.7 210 3.4 Gulebage Sub-district 3784 7.8 3539 7.9 245 7.4 Na’erbage Sub-district 11568 38.4 11407 32.0 161 1.8 Jiya Township 2909 10.1 380 29.2 2,529 9.2

Source: Hetian City Civil Affairs Bureau.

189. Tuancheng Urban Renewal Area. The Tuancheng District Phase 3 subproject area is predominately occupied by the Uyghur community and the West Kuolibai community. Similar to other areas in Tuancheng District, the subproject area has developed through a process of 14 This is the Minimum Living Allowance (MLA) line of urban people in Hetian City. 15 This is the Minimum Living Allowance (MLA) line of rural people in Hetian City.

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organic growth. But over the year’s parcels of land within have been bought by investors/developers and consolidated into speculative real estate sites which are typically developed as multi-storey high rise buildings. This has resulted in an inconsistent urban grain within the Phase 3 area. The central area, already developed into high rise apartments by developers, or owned by developers, will not be included in the project area.

190. The predominant land use within the subproject area is residential. The area has a high concentration of mainly old run-down and dilapidated houses that are one to three storey low-rise buildings with courtyards. The neighborhoods in the old housing areas have strong Uyghur characteristics and houses are usually built with an Ayiwang architectural style. Restoration of architectural features/detailing is needed as houses are often run-down. These buildings are generally non-compliant with the current building design standards applied across Hetian City.

191. Within areas of old low rise housing, the access laneways are predominantly 2.5m to 4m in width and occasionally less. Roads of 4m to 6m wide are uncommon. The narrow lane widths reflect a history of organic growth and clustered development, without the need for access by motor vehicles. To this extent, the narrow streets may pose a concern for fire safety and environmental impact. Infrastructure throughout the low-rise houses within Phase 3 has also been integrated in an ad-hoc manner. Historically there was no proper design or application of building/access road and utilities provision standards at the time of construction. This there is little or no compliance with government buildings and infrastructure development and design standards. The subproject area is provided with all normal public utilities and services, but it is understood the existing systems are outworn and not always able to meet current levels of demand.

192. Public open spaces and landscaped green areas/features are very limited in the subproject area. There is only one small mosque, situated in the heart of the traditional housing area. It is understood by the consultant team that the mosque is several hundred years old. The design is of traditional architecture, but it is not listed as of architectural or historical importance.

F． Climate Trends and Projected Climate Change

193. The project Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment (CRVA) has described the historic trends in the climate of the sub-region and has drawn from the literature future climate projections for a range of scenarios. The following section summarizes the CRVA findings.

1. Climatic trends.

194. Li et al 2011 analyzed climatic trends in Xinjiang over the 45 year period from 1961 – 2005 for which reliable records were available. The analysis was able to downscale the results by characterizing these changes for each of 65 meteorological stations in XUAR, including Hetian City. These are shown in Figures V.18 and V.19 below. The Hetian area shows an historic significant increase in annual average temperature and a negligible increase in annual precipitation.

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Figure V.18: Historic Annual Temperature Trends showing Hetian Area

Source: Li et al (2011)

Figure V.19: Historic Annual Precipitation Trends showing Hetian Area

Source: Li et al (2011)

195. Extreme Temperatures. According to Jiang et al, 2013, during 1961–2010 the extreme high temperatures in South Xinjiang showed a slight increase while the extreme low temperatures increased more obviously (Table V.13).

Table V.13: Temperature Extremes, 1961-2010. Element South Xinjiang

Extreme high temperature (◦C per decade) 0.09 Extreme low temperature (◦C per decade) 0.65* Warm days (d per decade) 4.68* Warm nights (d per decade) 6.32* Cold days (d per decade) –1.86 Cold nights (d per decade) –6.11* High temperature days (d per decade) 0.88* Low temperature days (d per decade) –0.65

Note: * denotes the trend significant at the 95% confidence level

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196. Extreme Precipitation. During 1961–2010, more extreme precipitation events occurred in South Xinjiang with a clear increase of 0.9 rain days per decade. In the same period, daily maximum precipitation increased marginally. Additionally, the annual torrential rain days and amount, the blizzard days and amount all show an increasing trend. The rate of increase in the annual blizzard amount is much larger than the annual torrential rain amount (Table V.14).

Table V.14: Trends of extreme precipitation indicators in South Xinjiang (1961–2010) Daily maximum

precipitation (mm per decade)

Annual torrential rain days (d

per decade)

Annual torrential rain amount (%

per decade)

Annual blizzard days

(d per decade)

Annual blizzard amount

(% per decade) +0.65* +0.02 +12.6 +0.01* +46.7*

Note: * denotes the trend significant at the 95% confidence level

197. Dust Storms. From 1961 to 2010, annual dust storms, sandstorm, and floating dust events show an overall decline, of which the decrease in South Xinjiang was the most significant, contributing highest to the decrease over the whole Xinjiang (Table V.15 and Figure V.20).

Table V.15: Trends of annual mean wind speed, annual gale days and dust weather in South Xinjiang (1961–2000)

Element South Xinjiang Annual mean wind speed (m/s per decade) –0.20* Annual gale days (d per decade) –3.43* Annual dust storm days (d per decade) –2.69* Annual sandstorm days (d per decade) –5.07* Annual floating dust days (d per decade) –10.89*

Note: * denotes the trend significant at the 95% confidence level

Figure V.20: Spatial Trends in the Occurrence of Dust Storms 1961-2010

Source: Jiang et al (2013)

2. Future Climate Modeling

198. Li Lanhai et al (2013) applied a Bias Correction16 to downscale 24 Global Climate Models’ (GCMs) monthly outputs to analyze Xinjiang’s future climate pattern under three 16 One of a number of downscaling methods, including Regional Climate Model (RCM), Bias Correction method and Statistical Method, which can process raw data from GCMs to focus on local climate change assessments.

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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES). The results showed that scenarios A1B, A2 and B117 generated similar patterns and trends in annual mean air temperature and annual precipitation in the early 21st century with fluctuations in the middle of the 21st century.

199. The findings indicated that annual mean air temperature will reach 10, 11.1 and 8.5 degrees Celsius in A1B, A2 and B1 by the end of the 21st century, respectively from an average of 6.5 degrees in 2010, with significant yearly and seasonal variability. The annual precipitation during the projection period will experience an increasing trend with a little fluctuation (see Figure V.21).

Figure V.21: Future trends of annual total precipitation (a) and mean temperature (b) in Xinjiang Source Li et al (2013)

200. The downscaling exercise was able to focus on individual sub-regions within Xinjiang. The sub-region which covers the project area is the Tarim Basin. The precipitation and temperature scenarios for this sub-region are shown in Figure V.22.

Figure V.22: Temperature and precipitation scenarios for the Tarim Basin sub-region. The unbroken lines are precipitation and the dotted lines temperature. Source: Li et al (2013)

201. In common with all of Xinjiang, the average annual temperature in the Tarim Basin sub-region is projected to rise steadily through the 21st century for all scenarios. For this sub-region a rise of 1.5oC is projected by 2040 (and up to 4oC for the A1B scenario in 2100).

202. For the same sub-region, precipitation shows a slight long term decline, but only in the

17 IPCC’s SRES include four scenarios A1, A2, B1 and B2 describing differing emission rates and geopolitical settings. In summary; A is economics driven rather than environmentally driven; B is more environmentally driven. 1 = countries operating in concert; 2 = countries operating in isolated self-interest.

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order of 1.5mm by the end of the 21st century. The medium term, to 2040, shows an overall static trend for precipitation.

203. In summary, the project area is characterized by (i) low rainfall, which will not significantly change in the period to 2040 and thereafter marginally decrease by between 2 and 3% by 2100 with high yearly variability; and (ii) very low average temperatures, which will increase by between 12 and 33% by 2040 and 2100 respectively. Since winters are very cold in the project area, the increases in average temperatures will be most apparent in the warmer seasons.

204. Higher summer temperatures and consequent high evapotranspiration rates have the potential to magnify the decreases in rainfall, resulting in local seasonal droughts. In this situation, strong summer winds may reverse the decreasing trend in dust storms. The project response to these potential impacts on the city’s water resources management and urban environmental quality is described in the next chapter.

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VI. ANTICIPATED ENVRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

206. This section identifies and assesses the potential for adverse environmental and environment-related social impacts that may occur during the project construction and/or operational phases, and the mitigation measures to be implemented. The duration of impacts assessed in this IEE covers the construction and operational phases of the project. Construction works are expected to start in 2018. An operational phase of 5 years has been nominated by the PMO.

A． Project Benefits

207. The water supply, wastewater and reclaimed water components will benefit all residents from four urban sub-districts and some residents from Jiya Township. The urban population in Hetian City will also enjoy improved urban infrastructure particularly from better road conditions and more convenient public transports funded by the project. The PPTA Poverty, Social and Gender Survey has estimated that a total population of 175,608 within 39,899 households will be direct beneficiaries (comprising 166,491 people within 37,829 households from four sub-districts and 9,117 people within 2,070 households from Jiya Township). A total population of 348,300 within 85,452 households will be the indirect beneficiaries of the project.

208. Local residents will be the beneficiaries of road improvements that incorporate pedestrian safety design features. Other direct impacts of improved road systems on residents’ well-being are likely to be realized when future traffic volumes grow, and the improved roads can still cope with the increased traffic flow, without increased risk of traffic jams or accidents.

209. The water supply investments will improve the quality of life of local residents. For those residents who live in the urban city especially residents who live in the apartment of government-subsidized houses, the carrying capacity of current water supply system will be increased and the water supply pressure will higher and secondary water pollution and leakage caused by old and deteriorating pipes will be reduced. For those who live in Jiya County, Lasikui County and Beijing Industrial and Railway Station Logistics Parks, the water supply system will change from the use of local groundwater from wells into an integrated and monitored urban water supply. Supply interruptions will reduce and overall water quality will increased.

210. Improvements in the wastewater disposal systems will improve the quality of the urban environment for affected residents by providing a cleaner and safer urban environment. Reclaimed Water sub-components will be a very import attempt in the dry continent desert area. During FGDs, local residents are very interested in the project and hope that he reclaimed water could be used in a more extensive aspect of living.

211. The Tuancheng upgrading sub-component will improve the municipal infrastructure and services in Tuancheng and provide the local residents with direct access to improved water supply, wastewater collection, ambulance and firefighting services. Meantime, the project will provide support for local Uyghur residents, to improve their houses, particularly in terms of strengthening earthquake prevention, while preserving their building style and cultural tradition.

B． Impacts Associated with Project Location, Planning, and Design

212. Asset acquisition and resettlement. Most of the infrastructure and facilities under the project will be built within the existing rights of way. The Tuancheng urban upgrading program is the only output that will acquire state-owned land and involve house demolition due to the need to widen extremely narrow lanes to upgrade urban infrastructure and improve service provision in the project area. 201 households with 773 persons (41 home-commercial shops

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included) will be affected with a total house demolition area of 12000.38 square meters (m2), comprising 10,178.98 m2 of residential houses (for 201 households with 773 affected persons) and 1,821.40 m2 home-commercial structures (for 41 households whose affected persons are already included in the total of 773). All the affected houses will need only partial demolition to allow space for building public infrastructures. However, there are 28 households whose remaining land will become unviable, therefore, they are considered as totally affected and will be required to be relocate.

213. In addition, there are 200 households involved in Tuancheng upgrading component, the total area is 28,684 m2, and the affected persons are all Uyghurs.

Table VI.1: Residential house demolition Structure HD area（m2）

Brick-masonry 3301.26 Masonry-timber 4638.75 Simple house 64.94 Simple shed 188.09 Fence-house 354.10 Earth-timber 57.08 Brick-steel 28.77

Frame structure 1476.03 Color-steel 69.96

Total 10178.98

Affected HH and APs HHs Population 201 773

Data source：Resettlement socio-economic survey (June 2017)

Table VI.2: Other Asset Losses Structure HD area (m2)

Masonry-timber 328.03 Simple Masonry-timber 264.86

Frame structure 200.59 Brick-masonry 915.25

Brick-steel 76.26 Simple shed 7.28 Color-steel 29.13

Total 1821.40 Affected households 41

Data source：Resettlement socio-economic survey (June 2017)

C． Detailed Design and Pre-Construction Phase: Measures to be Undertaken

214. The approval of the domestic EIA by the Hetian EPB and clearance of this project IEE and Resettlement Plan by the executing agency and ADB will be confirmed before project implementation. In the pre-construction phase, the following measures will be implemented in to ensure the project’s environment management readiness:

i) Institutional environmental strengthening, including (a) appointment of a qualified environment officer within the PMO for the implementation phase; and (b) hiring of loan implementation environment consultants (LIEC), (c) water safety specialists, within loan administration consultant services by the PMO;

ii) Assignment of environmental specialists in the PIUs; iii) Updating the EMP. The mitigation measures defined in the project EMP (Attachment

1) will be updated (if necessary) based on the final technical design. This will be the responsibility of the PMO, with support of the LIEC;

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iv) Contract documents. All tender documents for construction will include the EMP obligations, including the environmental monitoring program. This will be the responsibility of the PMO;

v) Environmental protection training. The LIEC and LIC specialists, in conjunction with the PMO environmental officer and Hetian EPB, will provide training on implementation and supervision of environmental mitigation measures to the PIUs and their contractors and construction supervision companies (CSC). This will be organized by the PMO;

vi) Setting up and publicizing function and local contact points of Grievance Redress Mechanism.

215. Environmental safeguard plans in design. Also during the detailed design phase, construction safeguard plans will be developed by the PIUs and Design Institute, as part of the finalization of component designs, and so that these elements are included as part of the works program. These plans will comprise:

For the roads component: • A noise amelioration plan comprising permanent works appropriate to the location and

type of site (noise barriers, vegetation landscaping, shutters/awnings, double glazed windows or combinations of these) covering all sensitive receptors predicted to be impacted by increased operational traffic noise (see Section G.1 below and Annex D of EMP).

• A tree retention, replacement and augmentation plan for all project roads, detailing protection measures for existing trees, species for replacement and augmentation, densities and planting and initial maintenance schedules. This will include redesign of the proposed roadworks on the western section of Taipei Road (Hongxing Street-Urumqi Road and Urumqi Road-C315 Road segments) to retain the existing Fraxinus (Ash) trees; and addition of evergreen tree species to augment the limited protection offered by deciduous trees (e.g. Platanus orientalis along Urumqi Road).

For the WWTP component: • A sludge management plan including different disposal modes (mulch/fertilizer,

compost) and contracts with farmers and agricultural suppliers for re-use or with the landfill operators for disposal; and haulage schedules.

For the public transport component: • A solid waste and hazardous substances plan for the bus maintenance center for

storage, handling and disposal protocols, including for large automotive batteries and power cells

216. Contractor Performance and Site Management Planning. To ensure that construction contractors are able to implement the mitigation measures, the PIUs will put in place the following arrangements: (i) environmental specifications will be included in the bidding documents to contractors; (ii) an appropriate environment section describing standards and responsibilities will be included in the terms of reference for bidders; (iii) material haulage routes, and construction waste disposal arrangements will be defined in the construction tender documents as appropriate; and (iv) clauses referencing the EMP mitigation provisions and monitoring plans will be written into the construction contracts. Following the award of construction contracts, the successful head contractor will prepare a Site Management Plan, for each major construction location based on the provisions of the EMP, and including:

• Work schedules for construction sites • Occupational and Community Safety Plan, • Emergency Response Plans • Erosion Control Plan • Local traffic control plan

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• Hazardous materials storage, handling and disposal plan.

217. The PIUs and their contractors will inspect planned work sites and road and pipeline alignments to locate and assess the means of temporary noise and dust protection for all sensitive receptors identified and appropriate measures for their protection from noise and dust will be included in the Site Management Plans (see Section D.2 below).

218. The Contractor(s) will assign onsite an environment engineer (OEE) for each construction site. The PIUs and PMO will review and approve each SMP before commencement of construction. A plan for environmental training for contractors, especially related to environmental management, is included in the EMP.

D． Impacts and Mitigation Measures in the Construction Phase

219. Impacts and mitigation measures for the construction phase of the project are discussed below under two main headings. Impacts and measures which apply to all construction work; and measures with particular relevance to specific components. Each measure is carried forward into the EMP in Attachment 1. Compliance with these measures will be monitored by the project implementation team. The environmental performance of the measures (i.e. whether or not they are providing effective safeguards) will be monitored by a specially contracted external monitor.

1. Impacts Affecting All Components with Civil Works

220. The following impacts and mitigation measures refer to construction impacts which are common to all subcomponents. All built infrastructure, roads, pipelines, landscaping, vegetation planting and house rehabilitation - will require earthworks, soil stabilization, dust and noise control as well as management of the impacts from machinery operation, transport and haulage of building materials and the domestic needs of the work force. Occupational and community health and safety issues are discussed separately below. Where a construction impact is particular to a specific sector, it is noted. Each mitigation measure is carried forward into the EMP in Attachment 1.

221. Earthworks. Project components will be designed to make maximum use of spoil from construction earthworks through balancing cut and fill along roads, backfilling pipeline trenches for water supply, sewerage pipes, and for the bus maintenance center site. Bills of quantities will be finalized during detailed design. However, an estimation of earthwork volumes, based on preliminary designs, is provided at Table VI.3. This indicates that all fill requirements of the project can be provided by the volumes from excavations and that, with proper coordination of all project civil works, there will be no need to import fill from borrow pits or quarries except in areas where a specialized aggregate for a purpose is required. Overall, the project will produce surplus spoil in the order of 26,000 m3, which can be used in the Hetian landfill for sealing soil over the garbage mass.

Table VI.3: Estimated Earthworks Volumes for Project Components Component Earthwork cut (m³) Earthwork fill (m³) Surplus spoil (m³) Roads Park Road West 59770 18835 40935 Gujiang Rd 112882 42926 69956 Urumqi Rd 137957 41605 96352 Taipei Rd 115362 48357 67005 Beijing Rd 33038 12855 20183

Sub-totals 459009 164578 294431 Water Supply Pipelines 349600 342538 7062 Sewerage Pipelines 126720 117479 9241 Reclaimed Water Pipelines 689600 674451 15149

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Cut and Fill Balance Totals 1,624,929 1299047 325882 The bus maintenance site requires fill only

Bus Maintenance Center No cut 300,000 No surplus Total 1,624,929 1,599,047 25,882

222. Erosion. Southern Xinjiang has very low rainfall, often falling as snow, and sandy soils with relatively low erosion potential. Low rates of soil erosion can be expected during the construction phase when surface vegetation and soil are damaged. The areas that are most vulnerable to erosion include temporary construction sites, earth borrow pits, spoil sites, and other areas where surface soil will be disturbed. The most effective erosion control will be protecting the site from any drainage from outside areas.

223. Construction plans for all civil works will include erosion control prescriptions for construction work areas, including (i) preventing any runoff entering construction sites, and diverting runoff from sites to existing drainage; (ii) limiting construction and material handling during periods of rains and high winds; and (iii) stabilizing all cut slopes, embankments, and other erosion-prone working areas while works are going on; (iv) stockpiles shall be placed in sheltered and guarded areas and spray water shall be applied during dry and windy weather conditions.

224. Construction Wastewater. Construction wastewater is produced from the maintenance and cleaning of mechanical equipment and vehicles, maintenance water for mixing and curing concrete, cooling water, and lost water and soil during the construction period which is discharged as pollutants. The effluent, comprised mainly of inorganic wastewater, commonly contains no poisonous and harmful substance, except suspended solids, but, if discharged in an improper manner, still has the potential to impact existing water bodies. Some oil-containing wastewater can arise from machinery repairs.

225. Construction wastewater will not be discharged unto the surrounding soil or into surface water systems. Sedimentation tanks will be built, and after settling out of solids the upper clear liquid will be recycled for spraying the construction site (dust control), and the waste residue in the tank will be cleared and transported to designated landfills. Oil-containing wastewater will require the installation of oil-water separators before the sedimentation tank.

226. Air Pollution. The use of machinery, construction earthworks and construction activities over the construction period will occasion potential temporary impacts on the local air-shed through exhaust emissions. Construction machinery on all sites will consume petrol and diesel, releasing gaseous SO2, CO, and NOx.

227. Pre-mixed asphalt will be purchased for road surface paving. However, if any asphalt is heated and mixed on site, there is potential for flue gas emissions. During the asphalt heating and mixing process, the fuel burning will produce smoke, and the asphalt will produce flue gases emissions. Currently, modern asphalt mixing equipment used in PRC releases typical emission concentrations of asphalt flue gases of 22.7mg/m3. This figure complies with asphalt flue gas discharge requirements of 80-150mg/m3 of Atmospheric Pollutant Emission Standard (GB16297-1996). It also complies with the Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) which limits the concentration of benzopyrene at 0.01μg/m3 100 meters downwind from the asphalt mixing station.

228. Nearly all components, including the roads and distribution water supply pipelines, are in close proximity to built-up areas. In these areas, the Contractor shall include all necessary measures to reduce air pollution and dust development that would impact the public health, by:

(i) Providing dust masks to operating personnel;

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(ii) Regular water spraying at hauling and access roads to borrow pits. The water spraying times shall be determined based on weather conditions. The basic principle is once during 09:00-10:30, once during 13:00-14:30 and once during 19:00-20:30;

(iii) Equipping asphalt, hot mix and batching plants with fabric filters and/or wet scrubbers to reduce the level of dust emissions. Additionally, asphalt mixing stations will be sited at least 500 meters away from residential areas;

(iv) Erecting dust shrouds around activities such as road cutting and scouring, rock and concrete breaking or crushing, and in areas where loose aggregate is unloaded or spread on site;

(v) Mounting protective canvasses on all trucks which transport material that could generate dust;

(vi) Building access and hauling roads at sufficient distances from residential areas, particular, from local schools and hospitals;

(vii) Construction vehicles and machinery shall be kept in good working order, regularly serviced and engines turned off when not in use. High-horsepower equipment will be provided with tail gas purifiers. Atmospheric monitoring will be carried out during the construction period. All vehicle emissions will be in compliance with relevant PRC emission standards;

(viii) Vehicles with an open load-carrying case, which transport potentially dust-producing materials, shall have proper fitting sides and tail boards. Dust-prone materials shall not be loaded to a level higher than the side and tail boards, and shall always be covered with a strong tarpaulin;

(ix) In periods of high wind (in excess of 10 m/s), dust-generating operations shall not be permitted within 200 m of residential areas. Special precautions need to be applied to road construction in the vicinity of sensitive receptors such as schools, kindergartens, mosques and hospitals;

(x) Material stockpiles and concrete mixing equipment will be equipped with dust shrouds. For the earthwork management for backfill, measures should include surface press and periodical spraying and covering. Surplus spoil should be cleared from the project site in time to avoid the long term pile. The height of stockpiles should be less than 0.7m;

(xi) Unauthorized burning of construction waste material shall be subject to penalties for the Contractor, and withholding of payment.

229. These measures are defined in the EMP. Contractors will be required to ensure compliance with relevant PRC emission standards. Air quality monitoring will be carried out by licensed environmental monitoring stations during the construction period.

230. Noise. Impacts on ambient noise levels can be expected during construction due to construction machinery operation and transport activities. Construction activities will involve bulldozers, graders, excavators, concrete-mixing plants, rollers, and other heavy machinery. The transport of material, aggregate, concrete and waste material to and from sites will also cause noise impacts along the haulage routes. On-site activities with intensive noise levels will not only have an impact on the residents, but may cause injury to construction workers operating the equipment.

231. Construction equipment noise source is considered as a point sound source, and the predictive model is as follows:

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Where LA and L0 are equipment noise sound levels at r and r0 distance respectively. 232. According to the model, noise levels at different distances are gained after calculating the impact scope of equipment noise during construction as in Table VI.4.

Table VI.4: Construction Equipment Noise Impact Distance

Level dB(A)

Distance Limit Standard dB

Impact Range

10 20

40

60

80

100

150

Day

Night

Day

night

Loader 84.0 78.0 72.0 68.4 66.0 64.0 60.5 75 55 29 281 Paver 81.0 75.0 69.0 65.4 63.0 61.0 57.5 70 55 35 199 Bulldozer 80.0 74.0 68.0 64.4 62.0 60.0 56.5 75 55 18 177 Roller 80.0 74.0 68.0 64.4 62.0 60.0 56.5 70 55 31 177 Excavator 78.0 72.0 66.0 62.4 60.0 58.0 54.5 75 55 14 140

Source: Subproject EIA 233. The results show that, if construction machinery is used singly, the impact distance is 30-40 m away from the source during the day and 281m at night. These impacts meet the PRC standard of Noise Limits for Construction Sites (GB12523-2011) in distance. However, it will often be the case that a number of machines will be in use simultaneously during construction, and the noise impact scope will be consequently larger. Noise intensity from these large machines operating is typically in the range of 76–98 decibels at the site (1m from operating machinery).

234. Work will be scheduled according to the noise rating of the machinery used and the distance to sensitive receptors (schools and hospitals) to achieve Class 1 (GB12523-90) compliance. Operation of machinery generating high levels of noise and the movement of heavy vehicles along urban roads will be restricted to between 6:00 am and 10:00 pm in accordance with PRC regulations. The sites for concrete-mixing plants and similar activities will be located at least 0.5 km away from residences, schools, and hospitals. The erection of temporary noise barriers will reduce noise impacts from transport vehicles near sensitive receptors.

235. Road and pipeline construction are linear activities. When a section is finished, construction activities move on and away from that locality. Therefore, noise impact on a specific location from the construction activities will be temporary. The scheduling of work will be included in the contractor’s Site Management Plan and this will be shared with local communities.

236. Where schools, hospitals and residences are nearby a construction activity, the construction unit will erect temporary noise barriers and reach an agreement with the facilities regarding heavy machinery work to avoid any unnecessary disturbances. This will be documented in the local site Management Plans. If there are construction activities that must be continued during the day and night, the construction unit will reach an agreement with residents nearby. Construction noise in these areas will be closely managed and monitored as required by the EMP.

237. Traffic Management. The project construction traffic might cause temporary traffic congestion, and inconvenience and safety issues to city residents. Interim roads will be sited and managed to avoid traffic problems, and will be reinstated to their original condition on completion of construction. Transport and haulage routes will be selected to reduce disturbance to regular traffic, and movement of construction vehicles will be minimized during peak traffic flow periods.

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238. Loss of Physical Cultural Resources. At all construction sites, there is no record of important heritage or archaeological sites on the land that will be temporarily or permanently lost. Nor do known heritage sites occur nearby any of the other subproject construction sites. Should archaeological artefacts be discovered during any site works, government requirements for excavating and preserving those items will be strictly followed. Chance find procedures will be established for undiscovered underground cultural or historic sites that might be identified during project implementation. This includes cessation of work at that location, contacting the appropriate heritage bureau and protecting the site while the bureau investigates and makes its determination for appropriate action.

2. Impacts Affecting Specific Components

239. Traffic management during road rehabilitation. In the midtown area, the rehabilitation of existing roads with currently high traffic and pedestrian volumes is planned. In such cases the preparation and approval of a traffic management plan is required by the EMP in the pre-construction period. The traffic management plan for road component will include (i) sequential work scheduling (to ensure that only short stretches are worked on at a time), (ii) provision for traffic and pedestrians which minimize disruption, (iii) provision of access to existing businesses and residences and (iii) safeguard measures to protect community health and safety. The plan should be approved by the Loan Implementation Environment Consultant and the PMO Environmental Specialist as well as the appropriate traffic authority.

240. Noise management during road rehabilitation and pipe-laying. At each planned construction site, locate and identify nearby sensitive receptors, including all mosques, schools, medical facilities and residences within 40 m of noise and dust producing activity, and include them in each Site Management Plan for the implementation of temporary mitigation measures for noise and dust. Where schools, hospitals and residences are nearby a construction activity, the construction unit will erect temporary noise barriers and reach an agreement with the facilities regarding heavy machinery work to avoid any unnecessary disturbances. This will be documented in the local site Management Plans. The scheduling of work will be included in the contractor’s Site Management Plan and this will be shared with local communities.

241. Impacts on the Kunlun Lake Park recreation area during road rehabilitation and pipe laying. Park Road West, which runs along the western edge of the Kunlun Lake Park (a constructed landscaped park with ornamental water features) will be part of the road rehabilitation subproject, and will also have a reclaimed wastewater pipeline laid along its length. The proximity of the low-lying Kunlun Lake Park with its extensive waterways and landscaped banks will require special protection from runoff of sediments and contaminants from construction machinery and materials18. This will include:

• Strict control of the construction site to ensure no disturbance, access, stockpiling or equipment parking occur on the Kunlun Lake Park side of park road West.

• No stockpiling of excavated material • Control of all runoff and construction wastewater. All runoff to be intercepted and directed

away from the lake park • No refueling, machinery maintenance or storage of fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids on

site • No stockpiling of asphalt or cement mixing on site.

242. Soil contamination management at bus maintenance center site. The site of the proposed bus service center is located on old sewage settlement and aeration ponds. These

18 The park boundary is 10m from the roadside and the nearest ornamental waterbody a further 90m away.

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ponds were used for at least 30 years and were drained in 2015/16 at the time of the commissioning of the Hexi WWTP. Most of the crusted dried sludge on the floor of the ponds has been removed. A soil analysis down to 2 m in depth was undertaken by the Xinjiang New Energy Environmental Inspection Co., Ltd in July 2017 to ensure that the site was safe for development. The results are reported in Section A of Chapter V: Description of the Environment at Table V.8 and showed that the soil quality of the area can meet Class II standard of the Environmental Quality Standard for Soil (GB15618-1995) which is suitable for urban and commercial premises. Based on this analysis, the site is considered safe for the development and requires no pre-construction remediation. 243. Tuancheng Redevelopment. Temporary resettlement and compensation. From the preliminary survey undertaken during the PPTA, there is a recorded total of 401 households living in the low-rise houses within the subproject area. Due to the age and poor structural quality of the houses, the majority of the buildings (approximately 375) are proposed for in-situ reconstruction. The details of the affectation of households and businesses and the mitigation measures through temporary relocation, compensation and subsidies are detailed in CUDEIP Supplementary Document 10 (Subproject for Tuancheng Subproject Area 3) and the CUDEIP Resettlement Plan. The summary below is drawn from these documents.

244. Around half of the of the 401 households will be impacted by proposed infrastructure upgrades and/or public facilities improvements (i.e. road/alleyway widening, expansion of open spaces) causing a reduction in lot size. Where this reduction is more than 50% of the existing lot size AHs will be offered a reconstruction option. To assist the reconstruction process AHs will receive financial assistance in the form of housing subsidies from Hetian City, and the ADB, managed by the PMO. This group has been classified as the Temporary Re-location Group (the Relocation Group will trigger the ADB Resettlement Policy 4, and this group must be additionally compensated in line with ADB's requirements). For the remaining households, where the building lots remain largely unaffected by the subproject proposals there will also be financial assistance from Hetian City (only) to assist families who wish to reconstruct their properties to higher standards. These residents have been classified as the Redevelopment Group. The affected numbers and areas are shown in Table VI.5 below.

Table VI.5: Affected Households in the Tuancheng Component Land

Area (m2)

No. of households affected

Building Area Affected (m2)

Population affected Total Male Female

Temporary Relocation Group

Total 30,359 201 27,686 773 404 369 Residential

Houses 23,633 160

Shop- houses

6,726 41

Redevelopment Group 27,627 200 9,899 820 414 406 Total 57,986 401 66,270 1,593 818 775

Source: CUDIEP SD10.

245. The subsidies for both groups (Temporary Relocation Group and Redevelopment Group) are incentives to secure in-situ reconstruction and will not be sufficient to cover the full costs of in-situ reconstruction, so that personal funds will also be required to make up the 100% cost factor. As the level of compensation between the two groups will be different (i.e. two subsidies for the Temporary Resettlement Group versus one subsidy for the Redevelopment Group), and incomes vary considerably between households, this process will need to be carefully managed so as to minimize any potential issues of resentment among neighbors for level of compensation received. Existing business will be temporarily interrupted during construction and economic impacts will be compensated according to PRC and ADB guidelines.

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246. Work scheduling. Road alignment and widening, and the installation of piped services (water supply, sewer collection, gas, electricity) will be undertaken in advance of dwelling renewals. Where road and utility works necessitate the removal of structures, their reconstruction will be prioritized as the first phase of building. The Design Institute will optimize the layout of roads and access during the detailed design to confirm the feasibility of the road widening and minimize the relocation of the householders. For reconstruction, the PIU will provide the general layout and design scheme to the householders, and the building contracts will be signed on an individual basis. The PIU will designate a supervising firm to ensure that delays between demolition and reconstruction of households and small businesses will be minimized. The construction site management will be managed to avoid negative impacts or risks on the remaining residents (see below). The environmental officer from Tuancheng PIU will closely work with the counterparts from the supervising firm, contractors and subcontractors to ensure mitigation measure implemented in compliance with EMP.

247. Community health and safety: Funding of building subsidies in the Tuancheng urban upgrade component means that occupational health and safety (OHS) of building construction work will be part of environmental due diligence. Inspection of construction work at Phase I in June 2017 revealed that there was no apparent OHS codes being employed. Individual work sites were uncontrolled, access was open and movement of materials at ground level and overhead was unsafe. The Phase III of Tuancheng will be implemented in accordance with ADB safeguards policy incorporated into a comprehensive Site Environmental Management plan to be prepared to the satisfaction of the LIEC by the head construction contractor and which will be binding on all subcontractors. OHS and compliance with the site management plan will be closely monitored during project implementation. The PMO will also only engage qualified contractors for the Phase III works, following ADB procurement guideline. The Site Management Plan for Tuancheng Area 3 redevelopment construction must include, and implement, the following provisions:

- Control of access and separation of pedestrians and work sites. This will include temporary fencing and barriers around active work sites, open trenches and excavation, aerial hoists and cranes;

- Provision of safe routes through or around the site for the local community; - Safety equipment for workers (helmets and eye protection at a minimum; - Safety harnesses for workers at heights; - Emergency procedures for injuries and mishaps; - Appointment and empowerment of site OHS officers.

248. Safe demolition and disposal of construction waste: Demolition of buildings will generate large amounts of solid waste. There is potential for some re-use of special feature in wood joinery but the majority will require disposal. The following guidelines will be adopted and enforced through the Site Management Plan:

• Before construction commences, sites for demolition and areas where previous demolition has left building rubble will

be checked for asbestos and lead. the anticipated amounts and nature of all wastes should be quantified and disposal

sites with the capability of accepting the waste identified. • During construction install confined storage points of solid wastes away from sensitive receptors,

regularly haul to an approved disposal site; use licensed contractors to remove wastes from the construction sites; prohibit burning of waste. If the pre-construction check has identified asbestos or lead, licensed contractors

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will be engaged to manage disposal.

249. Physical Cultural Resources: The site was inspected during the preparation of the domestic EIA and records consulted by the EIA Institute and no special items or places of heritage significance were identified. However, this is an old and established Uyghur settlement area. Staff from the Hetian Cultural Affairs and Heritage office should be invited to regularly inspect excavations for unexpected finds or traces (foundations, road bases, archaeological fragments) of earlier site settlement patterns. The provisions and procedures for unexpected finds must be strictly followed and all workers (especially Han and other non-Muslims) initiated in its requirements.

E． Construction Impacts in Water Source Protection Zones

250. The combined protection zones in the central area of Hetian City are shown in Figure VI.1. They cover large areas of built up development and intensive agriculture. The Zone 1 area prohibits the construction of buildings and works that are not related to water abstraction facilities. It also prohibits a range of commercial, industrial and agricultural uses with potential to pollute soil and groundwater. The Zone 2 Protection Area adjoining the Zone 1 will prohibit new buildings or construction projects which may drain pollutants to the water body. In this zone, any existing developments must reduce and manage their pollutants discharge.

251. The areas are specifically monitored by the Hetian EPB for compliance with the conditions and local community committees for environment protection report directly to the Bureau.

Figure VI.1: Combined protection zones of Hetian 1st and 2nd water supply plants

252. A number project activities are located in Water Source Protection Zone 2. No project components are located in a zone 1 area. (Table VI.6).

Table VI.6: Project Components in Water Source Protection Zones Water source protection zoning Project activities

Zone 2 Protection Area- Hetian No.1 WSP

2,000 m water supply pipelines in Tunken Road, 1,500 m water supply pipelines in Park West Road and Gujiang Road, water supply pipelines in Renmin Road, South Ring Road, Tanaiyi South Road, Aleqia Road and Jianshe Road.

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Zone 2 Protection Area- Hetian No.2 WSP

Road engineering in Urumqi Road, water supply works in South Ring Road, Renmin Road, Tanaizi South Road, Aqiale Road and Jianshe Road

Zone 2 Protection Area- Yiliqi WSP (underground water)

Wastewater pipeline in Dongfengfanqu Road, reclaimed water pipelines in Beijing Industrial Park-west side, water supply works in Xiamalebage Road and Zhanqianheng No.7 Road, road engineering in Gujiang Road

Zone 2 Protection Area- Hetian City East Yuhe, One Township One Town WSP (underground water)

Water supply pipelines from Yiqiao – Jiya Township, reclaimed water pipelines in Beijing Industrial Park-west side

Zone 2 Protection Area- Hetian City Tuopuqia WSP (underground water)

Reclaimed water pipelines in Train Station Logistic Park, Wastewater pipeline in Dongfengfanqu Road, Road engineering in Urumqi Road and Taipei Road, water supply works in Youyi Road, Jianshe Road, Tanaizi South Road, Road engineering in Tuancheng and Park Road West

Sources: Domestic EIA report, May 2017. 253. The other civil works listed in Table VI.4 above are in Zone 2 areas and are permissible under the conditions of development within the zone by the National Regulations on the Pollution Control and Protection of Drinking Water Source (10 July, 1989, revised on 20 December 2010). Construction impact mitigation measures, over and above those described in section above for construction work, will include: (i) no refueling, machinery maintenance or storage of fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids on site; and (ii) no stockpiling of asphalt on site.

F． Worker and Community Health and Safety – Construction

254. The objective of environmental health and safety is to provide workers with safe and healthy working conditions and prevent accidents, injuries, and disease. It also covers the establishment of preventive and emergency preparedness and response measures to avoid, and where avoidance is not possible, to minimize, adverse impacts and risks to the health and safety of local communities. It is therefore a combination of occupational health and safety of staff/workers at the subproject facilities and community health and safety of people living nearby or potentially affected by failures or poor operation of facilities.

255. Construction Camps Solid Waste. For water supply pipelines, road construction and associated pipe-laying the construction workforce will be in numerous locations since individual work sites will be of short duration. Contractors will provide portable toilets at construction sites. For sewage, the portable toilets will be emptied and the contents transported by truck to municipal WWTPs. For litter, construction contractors will provide sufficient garbage bins at strategic locations and ensure that they: (i) cannot be accessed by animals (e.g. rodents, insects, dogs); (ii) are emptied regularly (using the city solid waste collection system and landfill); and (iii) do not overflow.

256. Hazardous and Polluting Materials. Construction material handling and disposal guidelines and directions that include spill responses (for fuels and lubricants) will be prepared and implemented as part of the Site Management Plan for construction sites. The following measures will be taken to prevent pollution of soil and surface water/groundwater: (i) storage facilities for fuels, oil, and chemicals will be within secured areas on impermeable surfaces, provided with bunds and cleanup installations; (ii) vehicles and equipment will be properly staged in designated areas to prevent contamination of soil and surface water; (iii) vehicle, machinery, and equipment maintenance and refueling will be carried out in paved areas with spill cleanup kits, so that spilled materials will not seep into the soil; (iv) oil traps will be provided for service areas and parking areas; (v) fuel storage and refilling areas will be located at least 300 m from drains, irrigation channels and other waterbodies.

257. The contractors fuel suppliers will be properly licensed, follow proper protocol for transferring fuel, and be in compliance with Transportation, Loading and Unloading of Dangerous or Harmful Goods (JT 3145-88).

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258. Site and access safety. The civil works contractors will implement adequate precautions to protect the health and safety of the workers and community. Construction sites will be located close to existing residential areas, representing a potential risk to public health and safety, especially to nearby residents and workers. This risk will be mitigated through a number of measures defined in the EMP, which shall be defined in construction contracts with Contractors:

(i) Erect signs will be placed at construction sites in view of the public, warning people of potential dangers such as moving vehicles and excavations, and raising awareness on safety issues.;

(ii) Assign personnel to direct pedestrians around dangerous work areas; (iii) Ensure that all sites are secure, discouraging access through appropriate fencing;

place clear signs at construction sites in view of the people at risk (including workers and nearby communities), warning people of potential dangers such as moving vehicles, hazardous materials, excavations, and raising awareness on safety issues;

(iv) At the end of each day, all sites and equipment will be made secure (through fencing and/or lock-down of equipment) to prevent public access.;

(v) Erect safety barricades around all excavations;

259. Hold a public consultation meeting prior to commencing construction to discuss issues associated with ensuring the safety of nearby communities in vicinity of the construction site.

260. Occupational health. The contractors will also implement precautions to protect the health and safety of construction workers. The occupational health and safety risks will be managed by applying measures in the following order of preference: avoiding, controlling, minimizing hazards, and providing adequate protective equipment. Each contractor’s Site Management Plan will include measures for health and safety for personnel. The plan will be submitted to the PMO for review and appraisal and will include the following provisions for health and safety:

i. Personal protection. Provide personal protection equipment (PPE) appropriate to the job, such as safety boots, helmets, gloves, protective clothing, goggles, and ear protection, in accordance with relevant health and safety regulations, for workers.

ii. Emergency Preparedness and Response. An emergency response plan to take actions on accidents and emergencies, including environmental and public health emergencies associated with hazardous material spills and similar events will be prepared, and submitted to the PIU for review and appraisal. A fully equipped first-aid base in each construction site will be provided.

iii. Records Management. A Records Management System will be established to document occupational accidents, diseases, and incidents, that: (a) includes a tracking system to ensure that incidents are followed-up; (b) can easily retrieve records; and (c) can be used during compliance monitoring and audits. The system will be backed up on at least one external hard drive to protect records against loss or damage.

iv. Safety communication. Ensure that safety, rescue and industrial health matters are given a high degree of publicity to all persons regularly or occasionally on the Site. Posters drawing attention to site safety, rescue and industrial health regulations will be made or obtained from the appropriate sources and will be displayed prominently in relevant areas of the site.

v. Training, awareness and competence. Train all construction workers in basic sanitation and health care issues, general health and safety matters, and on the specific hazards of their work and sites and the requirements for community safety. This will be undertaken as part of the EMP training plan.

261. The EMP includes further measures to protect workers and nearby communities during

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construction. These include: (1) HIV/AIDS/STI and other communicable disease clauses into contract bidding documents; (2) Public health and HIV/AIDS prevention education program conducted to the civil works contractors and employees; (3) Health measures for construction workers (e.g., adequate protective gear such as condoms will be provided to workers,) are established;(4) Publicity activities on HIV/AIDS for both workers and local communities, e.g., brochures, posters and picture album.

G． Impacts and Mitigation Measures in the Operational Phase

262. Impacts and mitigation measures for the operational phase of the project are discussed below under the headings of the major relevant components. Each measure is carried forward into the EMP in Attachment 1. Compliance with these measures will be monitored by the project implementation team. The environmental performance of the measures (i.e. whether or not they are providing effective safeguards) will be monitored by a specially contracted external monitor.

1. Roads Component

263. For both air emissions and noise levels from traffic, recent policy shifts in PRC away from fossil-fueled automotive vehicles and towards electric vehicles have the potential to significantly reduce environmental impact levels from this sector. The first implementable milestone is for all vehicle producers and importers handling more than 30,000 vehicles per year will have 12% of their fleet electrically driven by 2020. However, the level of uptake, especially in remote areas such as Hetian is still uncertain. Although some level of market penetration will occur in the medium term, with consequent reductions in noise and emissions, the need to adopt a precautionary approach in environmental impact assessment and the absence on firm data upon which to model the possible effects, have resulted in the decision to base the following assessment on a wholly fossil-fueled fleet – in the recognition that this represents the worst case scenario.

264. Air Emissions. Impacts during operation phase are forecast by ADMS-EIA software (line source model) developed by Cambridge Environmental Research Company, which is certified by the MOE. The software contains the motor vehicle emissions factor issued by the DMRB 1994 and the motor vehicle emission factor promulgated in 1999. The main parameters required in the forecasting process are traffic flow, road technical indicators, road surrounding terrain conditions, and local meteorological data.

265. The main pollutants in the automobile exhaust during operation phase are NO2, CO and NMHC. According to the provisions of the PRC Industrial Standard Environmental Impact Assessment Specifications for Highway Construction Project (JTJ005-96). After consultation with the HEPB, the EIA Institute has used NOX and CO as indicative parameters for forecasting ambient air impacts during operation phase in the DEIA.

266. The assessment during operation phase is divided into short-term, medium-term and long-term periods, and the base years selected for the assessment in the DEIA are 2018, 2024 and 2032, respectively.

267. The first step of the analysis uses a Gaussian prediction model to calculate the intensity of emissions along the lines of the project roads. The source intensity formula is:

——pollutant emission rate in certain section (mg/m/s)

( )∑=

⋅=m

iiiL ENQ

13600/

LQ

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——Traffic volume of certain types vehicle (vehicles/hour)

——per vehicle emission factor of certain types vehicle (mg/vehicle/s) m——number of vehicles types

268. The forecast results of the vehicle exhaust pollution source emissions under the average traffic volume during the operation phase of the project as advised in the FSR are shown in Table VI.7.

Table VI.7: Vehicle exhaust emission volume under average traffic volume

Prediction year pollutant emission rate (mg/(m/s)) CO NO2

2018 4.28 0.65 2024 5.77 0.88 2032 7.06 1.07

269. From this data the calculation of vehicle exhaust pollutant emission diffusion rates uses the CALINE4 model. The concentration forecast results of ambient air impact in project operation phase is shown in Tables VI.8, 9 and 10 below as predicted concentration values for maximum hourly concentrations in the case of average traffic flow

Table VI.8: Maximum pollutant concentrations in the case of average traffic flow in short-term operation phase (2018) Unit: mg/m3

Pollutant Distance from road central line (m) 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

CO 0.4000 0.3433 0.3003 0.2667 0.2397 0.2176 0.1992 NO2 0.0608 0.0522 0.0457 0.0406 0.0365 0.0311 0.0303

Table VI.9: Maximum pollutant concentrations in the case of average traffic flow in medium-

term operation phase (2024) Unit: mg/m3

Pollutant Distance from road central line (m) 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

CO 0.5189 0.4453 0.3895 0.3459 0.3109 0.2823 0.2584 NO2 0.0789 0.0677 0.0592 0.0526 0.0473 0.0429 0.0393

Table VI.10: Maximum pollutant concentrations in the case of average traffic flow in long-term

operation phase (2032) Unit: mg/m3

Pollutant Distance from road central line (m) 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

CO 0.6771 0.5811 0.5083 0.4514 0.4058 0.3684 0.3373 NO2 0.1030 0.0884 0.0773 0.0686 0.0617 0.0560 0.0513

270. The results show that: after the completion of this project, the automobile exhaust gas will have some effect on both sides of the road, but the impact is not significant. The results for CO and NO2 for all predicted time periods are in compliance with PRC standards and NO2 levels comply with WB EHS guidelines. During the operation phase, as the traffic volume increases, the long-term emissions will be higher than the short-term. Despite the increasing volume of long-term traffic, automobile exhaust pollution will be mitigated by strengthening vehicle design and manufacturing technology and the increasing use of clean energy automobiles. Overall, the automobile exhaust in the operation phase has insignificant impact on the ambient air quality along the roads.

271. Traffic Noise. According to the Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guidelines Acoustic Environment (HJ 2.4-2009), the noise impact to sensitive receptors from traffic is evaluated in the short, medium and long-term, in order to make reasonable noise reduction measures, and provide a scientific basis to the future planning along the project.

iN

iE

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272. PRC Highway Construction Project Environmental Impact Assessment Specifications, stipulates that road traffic noise forecast for the operation phase will be for the 7th year and the 15th year after the road completion. According to the base year’s (2018) traffic volume and traffic growth rate γ1 = 6.51%, the DEIA predicted the future traffic flow as shown in Table VI.11.

Table VI.11: Traffic Flow at noise prediction years. Unit: Pcu/d Road Name Baseline 7th year 15th year Urumqi Road 26168 38205 63274 Gujiang Road 10631 15521 25706 Taipei Road 29010 42355 70146 Park West Road 18472 26969 44665 Beijing Road 18970 27017 44926

273. This simple formula for traffic growth is appropriate in this case because the project civil works are limited to the rehabilitation of five existing roads. No realignment or new road linkages will be undertaken. Additionally, the existing roads are in already built-up areas and their rehabilitation will not directly induce more development along the road sections. There will therefore be no “distributed traffic” component to the traffic volume totals and the yearly 6.51%, based on population growth and proportion of vehicle ownership, provides an appropriate data set.

274. Using the Table VI.9 traffic flow predictions, calculations of the daytime and nighttime hourly traffic flow for each road, based on a ratio of heavy vehicles, medium vehicles and small vehicles of 5% : 15% : 80%, is shown in Table VI.12.

Table VI.12: Hourly traffic flow in evaluation year of proposed project. Unit: Pcu/h

Road Baseline 7th year 15th year Daytime Nighttime Daytime Nighttime Daytime Nighttime

Urumqi Road 1308 654 1910 955 3164 1582 Gujiang Road 532 266 776 388 1285 643 Taipei Road 1451 725 2118 1059 3507 1754 Park West Road 924 462 1348 674 2233 1117 Beijing Road 933 471 1357 669 2415 1221

275. The following acoustic environmental impact assessment is based on the road noise forecasting model recommended by the Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guidelines Acoustic Environment (HJ 2.4-2009), and are shown in Table VI.13. For residential and medical sites both daytime and nighttime levels are calculated. For schools and recreation areas only daytime levels are shown.

Table VI.13: Noise prediction for sensitive acceptors along proposed roads. Unit: dB(A)

Name Distance

from center line

Time 7th year 15th year PRC

Standard Prediction Over standard Prediction Over

standard Urumqi Road

Education college 70 Daytime 57.6 - 59.2 - 60

Mingzhu Garden 30 Daytime 64.6 - 67.2 - 70 Nighttime 60.8 - 62.9 2.9 60

Tunken Garden 45 Daytime 63.6 - 67.2 - 70 Nighttime 50.1 62.1 2.1 60

Hetian Construction

Bureau 35 Daytime 64.6 - 67.2 - 70

Hetian City No. 5 high school 66 Daytime 57.5 - 59.2 - 60

No. 5 primary school 60 Daytime 57.7 - 59.3 - 60

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Name Distance

from center line

Time 7th year 15th year PRC

Standard Prediction Over standard Prediction Over

standard West lake primary

school 58 Daytime 57.7 - 59.3 - 60

Kaida Garden 60 Daytime 57.7 - 59.3 - 60 Baohaidu

kindergarten 40 Daytime 64.6 4.6 67.2 7.2 60

Tarim River Management

Bureau 35 Daytime 64.5 - 67.0 - 70

No.3 High School 40 Daytime 64.6 4.6 67.2 7.2 60 Family building of

Radio and Television Bureau

60 Daytime 57.7 - 59.3 - 70

Nighttime 54.9 - 60.0 - 60

Family building of Public Security

Bureau 100

Daytime 60.6 - 64.2 - 70

Nighttime 47.1 - 59.1 - 60

Bureau of Forestry residential community

50 Daytime 63.6 - 67.2 - 70

Nighttime 60.1 0.9 62.1 2.1 60

Yulong District 45 Daytime 63.5 - 67.2 - 70 Nighttime 59.2 - 62.1 2.1 60

Family building of Civil Affairs

Bureau 75

Daytime 57.6 - 59.2 - 70

Nighttime 54.8 - 56.8 - 60

Guijang Road

Chengbei District 75 Daytime 55.9 - 57.0 4.0 70 Nighttime 52.9 - 55.1 - 60

Xiaolake Village 15 Daytime 62.0 - 64.2 - 70 Nighttime 58.9 - 61.2 1.2 60

Atebazha Village 15 Daytime 62.0 - 64.2 - 70 Nighttime 58.9 - 61.2 1.2 60

Xiaolake Group 2 25 Daytime 62.0 - 64.0 - 70 Nighttime 58.6 - 61.0 1.0 60

Maria Gynecological

Hospital 20

Daytime 61.9 1.9 64.0 4.0 60

Nighttime 58.9 8.9 61.1 11.1 50

Tianyou anorectal hospital 20 Daytime 61.9 1.9 64.0 4.0 60

Nighttime 58.9 8.9 61.1 11.1 50 Kozy Dahlwa

Village 20 Daytime 61.9 - 64.0 - 70 Nighttime 58.9 - 61.1 1.1 60

Hetian Forestry Garden 22 Daytime 61.9 - 64.0 - 70

Nighttime 58.9 - 61.1 1.1 60 Atila bilingual kindergarten 27 Daytime 61.9 - 64.0 - 70

Hetian County Board of

Education 30 Daytime 59.0 - 61.2 1.2 60

Hetian County No.2 Primary

School 12 Daytime 62.0 2.0 64.2 4.2 60

Kozy Dahlwa Village 22 Daytime 62.0 - 64.0 - 70

Nighttime 58.6 - 61.0 1.0 60 family building of

power supply company

15 Daytime 62.0 - 64.2 - 70

Nighttime 58.9 - 61.2 1.2 60

Tangbakelu Village 15 Daytime 62.0 - 64.2 - 70

Nighttime 58.9 - 61.2 1.2 60 Tuowan Gujiang

Village 15 Daytime 62.0 - 64.2 - 70 Nighttime 58.9 - 61.2 1.2 60

family building of grassland station 30 Daytime 59.0 - 61.2 - 70

Nighttime 55.9 - 58.2 - 60 Taipei Road

Nawake Village 20 Daytime 61.9 - 63.6 - 70 Nighttime 59.0 - 61.2 1.2 60

Tuopuqia Village 30 Daytime 61.7 - 63.3 - 70

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Name Distance

from center line

Time 7th year 15th year PRC

Standard Prediction Over standard Prediction Over

standard Nighttime 59.0 - 61.1 1.1 60

Friendship Garden 35 Daytime 61.5 - 63.1 - 70 Jiahe Garden 25 Daytime 61.7 - 63.3 - 70 Xiaoerbage

Village 150 Daytime 47.7 - 48.3 - 70 Nighttime 44.0 - 46.1 - 60

Rekefu Hospital 60 Daytime 58.7 - 60.3 0.3 60 Nighttime 56.0 6.0 58.1 8.1 50

Hetian School of Hygiene 50 Daytime 58.7 - 60.3 0.3 60

Nighttime 56.0 6.0 58.1 8.1 50

Youhao Hospital 20 Daytime 61.9 - 63.6 - 60 Nighttime 59.0 4.0 61.2 6.2 50

Dabaza Garden 40 Daytime 61.9 - 63.6 - 70 Xialikemailai

Village 30 Daytime 61.7 - 63.3 - 70 Nighttime 59.0 - 61.1 1.1 60

Rewakeale Village 20 Daytime 61.9 - 63.6 - 70 Nighttime 59.0 - 61.2 1.2 60

County Maternal and Child Care

Center 30

Daytime 61.7 - 63.3 - 70

Nighttime 59.0 - 61.1 1.1 60

Kunlun Hospital 25 Daytime 61.7 - 63.3 - 70 Nighttime 59.0 - 61.1 1.1 60

Xinsheng Hospital 120 Daytime 47.9 - 48.6 - 70 Nighttime 44.2 - 46.3 - 60

No.2 ward of Xinsheng Hospital 40 Daytime 61.9 1.9 63.6 3.6 60

Nighttime 59.0 9.0 61.2 11.2 50 Family building of

highway management

bureau

35

Daytime 61.5 - 63.1 - 70

Nighttime 58.8 - 60.8 0.8 60

Hetian County No.2 high school 40 Daytime 61.9 1.9 63.6 3.6 60

Hetian District Education School 75 Daytime 50.7 - 51.3 - 60

Dongcheng Garden 80 Daytime 50.7 - 51.1 - 70

Park Road West Family building of China Petroleum 25 Daytime 64.1 - 66.2 - 70

Nighttime 61.2 1.2 63.5 3.5 60 Kozy Dahlwa

Village 35 Daytime 59.9 - 61.9 - 70 Nighttime 57.0 - 59.2 - 60

Tuwan Gujiang Village 40 Daytime 59.7 - 61.7 - 70

Nighttime 56.9 - 59.1 - 60 Beijing Road

Hetian No. 1 Primary School 80 Daytime 51.2 - 51.6 - 70

Hetian County Uyghur Hospital 50 Daytime 58.7 - 60.3 0.3 60

Nighttime 56.0 6.0 58.1 8.1 50 Hetian County No. 3 Primary School 80 Daytime 50.7 - 51.3 - 60

Donghu Huayuan Community 30 Daytime 59.9 - 61.9 - 70

Nighttime 57.0 - 59.2 - 60

276. The analysis shows that is the medium term (to year 7) traffic noise levels will exceed PRC standards at 16 of the 57 sensitive receptor sites, and this rises to 39 of the receptor sites (68%) by year 15. Exceedances of more than 3dB over standard are at 9 and 15 sites respectively for the two time periods. Against IFC-EHS noise guidelines, the exceedances for residential/institutional receptors are both more frequent and higher, since they are 10% stricter than the PRC standards. These exceedances are significantly influenced by the existing high ambient noise levels in these areas (see Section B1 of Chapter V Description of the Environment) which already point to the need for noise protection measures for medical

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institutions.

277. Due to the high baseline values, a more meaningful analysis of the impact of increased traffic, as proposed by the IFC General EHS Guidelines, is to look at exceedances over baseline. Table VI.14 below shows sites where the increase of noise levels over baseline exceeds 3 dB (below which a noise increase is not readily perceptible). The shaded receptors are those where this exceedance will occur by year 7, and the remainder will only exceed 3 dB over baseline by year 15.

Table VI.14: Receptors where Predicted Noise Exceeds baseline by > 3 dB(A)

Name Distance

from center line

Time 7th year 15th year

Prediction Prediction Urumqi Road

Baohaidu kindergarten 40 Daytime 64.6 67.2 Tarim River Management Bureau 35 Daytime 64.5 67.0

No.3 High School 40 Daytime 64.6 67.2

Family building of Radio and Television Bureau 60 Daytime 57.7 59.3 Nighttime 54.9 60.0

Family building of Public Security Bureau 100 Daytime 60.6 64.2 Nighttime 47.1 59.1

Bureau of Forestry residential community 50 Daytime 63.6 67.2 Nighttime 60.1 62.1

Yulong District 45 Daytime 63.5 67.2 Nighttime 59.2 62.1

Guijang Road

Xiaolake Village 15 Daytime 62.0 64.2 Nighttime 58.9 61.2

Atebazha Village 15 Daytime 62.0 64.2 Nighttime 58.9 61.2

Xiaolake Group 2 25 Daytime 62.0 64.0 Nighttime 58.6 61.0

Tianyou anorectal hospital 20 Daytime 61.9 64.0 Nighttime 58.9 61.1

Kozy Dahlwa Village 20 Daytime 61.9 64.0 Nighttime 58.9 61.1

Hetian Forestry Garden 22 Daytime 61.9 64.0 Nighttime 58.9 61.1

Hetian County Board of Education 30 Daytime 59.0 61.2 Hetian County No.2 Primary School 12 Daytime 62.0 64.2

Kozy Dahlwa Village 22 Daytime 62.0 64.0 Nighttime 58.6 61.0

Family building of power supply company 15 Daytime 62.0 64.2 Nighttime 58.9 61.2

Tangbakelu Village 15 Daytime 62.0 64.2 Nighttime 58.9 61.2

Tuowan Gujiang Village 15 Daytime 62.0 64.2 Nighttime 58.9 61.2

Family building of grassland station 30 Daytime 59.0 61.2 Nighttime 55.9 58.2

Taipei road

Tuopuqia Village 30 Daytime 61.7 63.3 Nighttime 59.0 61.1

Jiahe Garden 25 Daytime 61.7 63.3

Rekefu Hospital 60 Daytime 58.7 60.3 Nighttime 56.0 58.1

Youhao Hospital 20 Daytime 61.9 63.6 Nighttime 59.0 61.2

Xialikemailai Village 30 Daytime 61.7 63.3 Nighttime 59.0 61.1

Rewakeale Village 20 Daytime 61.9 63.6 Nighttime 59.0 61.2

Kunlun Hospital 25 Daytime 61.7 63.3 Nighttime 59.0 61.1

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Name Distance

from center line

Time 7th year 15th year

Prediction Prediction Park Road west

Tuwan Gujiang Village 40 Daytime 59.7 61.7 Nighttime 56.9 59.1

278. The first priority sites are those receptors whose baseline noise levels are more than 3 dB above standard and those which will experience traffic noise 3 dB above baseline levels by year 7. These include a hospital (Rekefu Hospital), two schools (No. 3 High School and Baohaidu kindergarten) and three residential areas (Tuowan Gujiang Village, residential quarters of Power Supply Company on Guijiang Road, and residential quarters of Forestry on Urumqi Road). Immediate noise amelioration works are required at these sites.

279. Second priority areas are those sites which will experience excessive traffic noise by year 15. These comprise three hospitals, one school, two government administration buildings and 17 residential areas. Noise amelioration works are required at these sites before the end of project implementation.

280. At all the institutional sites (hospitals and schools), where set-backs are sufficient, noise barriers need to be constructed as part of the road component civil works. Where this is not practical works on the vulnerable street frontage of the buildings (including double glazing of windows, shutters and canopies) are required. For the residential areas identified a combination of built noise barriers and vegetation will be required. Where existing buildings closely line the roadsides, the main noise amelioration measure will be mass planting of street trees and interstitial shrubs to create a dense leafy barrier in front of sensitive receptor locations. This will entail (i) retention of all existing street trees. This will include a redesign of the proposed roadworks on the western section of Taipei Road (Hongxing Street-Urumqi Road and Urumqi Road-C315 Road segments) to retain the existing Fraxinus (Ash) trees; (ii) addition of evergreen tree species to augment the limited protection offered by deciduous trees (e.g. Platanus orientalis along Urumqi Road); and (iii) additional tall evergreen shrub plantings between trees on all roads to increase the density of leafy vegetation.

2. Wastewater Treatment Component

281. The capacity of project funded expansion is 25000m3/d, and the process will use "A2/O-SBR + aeration biofilter + denitrification filter". The design effluent quality will be Class 1A standard. During the component operation, the main impacts are odor, noise and solid waste generated by wastewater treatment processes and the sludge collection and treatment system. The operational pollutant generation points are shown in Table VI.15.

Table VI.15: WWTP operational areas generating pollutants Operational Area Equipment Pollutants

Treatment processes of wastewater plant

COD, BOD5, SS, NH3-N, TP, TN

Screen Screen Odor, noise, solid waste Rotational flow grit

chamber Tank, sanding facilities Odor, solid waste

Sediment tank Tank Odor Sediment tank Tank Sludge (solid), odor A2O-SBR tank Tank, aeration device(fan) Sludge (solid), odor, noise, flying foam

Sludge storage tank Storage tank Sludge (solid), odor Sludge dewatering room Sludge concentration and

dewatering machine Sludge (solid), odor, noise

Disinfection room Chlorinator Residual chlorine in treated wastewater

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282. Wastewater Quality. In the Hexi WWTP service area, sewage is from (i) Hetian Hexi District, (ii) the airport logistics industry park, (iii) Raski town, and (iv) Bagui town. Wastewater is mainly domestic sewage, with a small proportion contributed from industrial sites, having first been put through the plants’ or industrial estate’s individual treatment facilities to comply with Class III of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB 3838-2002). This is currently monitored by the Hetian Water and Wastewater Company, and this agency will receive capacity building under the project’s Transaction TA to assist in this role and in achieving zero wastewater discharge.

283. The main surface water in the project area is Dongfeng main canal, which currently carries the WWTP’s treated wastewater away from any urban areas, northwards into the desert hinterland. Currently the WWTP is operating without final approvals since it Currently the WWTP is operating without final approvals since it is currently in commissioning and testing stages. During this period, discharge has fallen below Class 1B standard. It is planned to upgrade the effluent quality to Class 1A standard using government funds. The upgraded technology will be new installation of tertiary treatment processes via "nitrification biological filter + denitrification deep-bed filter ". The WWTP operator, the Hetian Water and Wastewater Company, will receive capacity building under the project’s Transaction TA to ensure proper management and maintenance of the upgraded facilities.

284. In parallel, the project will fund the expansion of the wastewater treatment capacity to 75,000 m3/d (from current 50,000 m3/d) by construction of an additional processing unit comprising "A2/O-SBR + nitrification biological aerated filter + denitrification deep-bed filter " on an adjoining area of 3.9 ha.

285. Disinfection will be undertaken to ensure that the recycled wastewater, especially that used for irrigation of urban landscape, is safe. Disinfection will be through chlorine dosing. Following disinfection the treated water will be stored to allow for reduction of residual chlorine to between 1.0 and 0.2 mg/l to ensure safe handling and suitability for irrigation. The same levels of residual chlorine will be acceptable for cooling water at the power plant.

286. The design for the treatment of 25,000 m³/d is dictated by the requirement to achieve 1A standard discharge under Urban Sewage Treatment Plant Pollutant Discharge Standards (GB18918-2002). After the completion of the project, the whole plant will achieve the levels shown in Table VI.16.

Table VI.16: List of Pollutant Emissions from Engineering Wastewater Pollutant Index CODcr BOD5 SS TN NH3-N TP Wastewater (m³/a) 912.5x 104 Intake concentration mg/L 460 220 280 45 45 4.5 Influent (t/a) 4197.5 2007.5 2555 410.625 410.625 41.0625 Discharge concentration mg/L

50 10 10 15 5 0.5

Discharge (t/a) 456.25 91.25 91.25 136.875 45.625 4.5625 Pollutant reduction (t/a) 3741.25 1916.25 2463.75 273.75 365 36.5 Pollutant Removal Rate% 89.13 95.45 96.43 66.67 88.89 88.89 Discharge Standard Limits (Level 1A)

50 10 10 15 5 0.5

Evaluation against standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Processing technology A2/O-SBR aeration biofilter + denitrification deep bed filter Disposal of discharge Huawei Power Plant for cooling water and irrigation for town greening

Chlorine requirements, the total residual chlorine: contact 30min after ≥ 1.0, pipe network distal ≥ 0.2mg / L, total E. coli group ≤ 3 / L

287. After the upgrade and expansion of the Hexi WWTP, discharge treated wastewater will be Class 1A standard. The treated discharge from the upgraded and expanded WWTP will go

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to the Huawei Power Plant, used as irrigation for large areas of urban greening, and for street spraying and street cleaning. For 280 days of the year, these uses will consumes all of the treated water discharge from the WWTP. Only during the non-irrigating winter months will treated wastewater be discharged through the Dongfeng main channel into the desert. Similarly, emergency discharge from the WWTP in the event of breakdown or stoppages for essential maintenance, will discharge be directed to the Dongfeng Canal.

288. A hydrogeological condition analysis undertaken by the DI found that the vertical permeability coefficient of the desert surface soil layer is large, and the adsorption and filtration ability of the pollutants are low. The DI considers that the desert substrate will have a significant purification effect on any applied treated wastewater. It reports that the removal rate of COD and NH3-N by the sand has been found to be about 30% -50% in similar conditions. It concludes that the infiltration of treated wastewater to 1A standard will therefore not impact on groundwater quality. As urban greening applications increase, this use will accept increasing volumes of recycled wastewater and less will be directed to the Dongfeng Canal.

289. Odor. The maximum allowable concentration of air emissions from the wastewater treatment plant must comply with class 2 standard in Table 4 of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant Pollutant Discharge Standards (GB18918-2002) (ammonia 1.5mg/m3, hydrogen sulfide 0.06 mg/m3)

290. The selected treatment system will produce NH3, and H2S, as fugitive emissions. The intensity of the emissions is mainly concentrated in the pumping station, the solids screen and the sludge treatment sections, and the amount and effects of the odor are related to the amount of wastewater, the quality of the raw water, the resident time of wastewater and the weather conditions at that time. The odor emission intensities have been calculated and are shown in Table VI.17.

Table VI.17: Odor source intensity of this project Pollutants Screen and grit

chamber Flocculation and sediment

tank

A2O-SBR tank, aeration biofilter tank

Sludge storage tank

Area (m2) 187 1157.36 8387.2 200.96 NH3 Average

intensity 1.50mg/m³ 1.05mg/m³ 0.95mg/m³ 2.0mg/m³

Source intensity

0.21ug/m² 0.25ug/s.m² 0.17ug/s.m² 0.51ug/s.m²

Amount 1.24kg/a 9.12kg/a 44.96kg/a 3.23kg/a Total 58.55kg/a

H2S Average intensity

0.06mg/m³ 0.08mg/m³ 0.055mg/m³ 0.1mg/m³

Source intensity

0.11ug/s.m² 0.15ug/s.m² 0.10ug/s.m² 0.23ug/s.m²

Amount 0.65kg/a 5.47kg/a 26.44kg/a 1.46kg/a Total 34.02kg/a

291. From this data, the atmospheric environmental impact of the project was calculated using SCREEN3 as the basis of forecast analysis. Predicted levels of H2S and NH3 in the leeward direction, in terms of the ground concentration distribution, the maximum landing concentration, and its distance are shown in Table VI.18

Table VI.18: H2S and NH3 concentration in emissions from sludge and dewatering room Source distance from

the wind direction D (m)

H2S NH3 Leeward prediction concentration ug/m3

Accounting for the rate (%)

Leeward prediction concentration ug/m3

Accounting for the rate (%)

1 0.3653 0.61 0.000629 0.04 100 0.6159 1.03 0.00106 0.07 200 0.8678 1.45 0.001494 0.10 300 0.9885 1.65 0.001701 0.11

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314 0.9906 1.65 0.001705 0.11 400 0.945 1.58 0.001626 0.11 500 0.8555 1.43 0.001472 0.10 600 0.7664 1.28 0.001319 0.09 700 0.6858 1.14 0.00118 0.08 800 0.6152 1.03 0.001059 0.07 900 0.5539 0.92 0.000953 0.06

1000 0.5004 0.83 0.000861 0.06 Maximum concentration 0.9906 1.65 0.001705 0.11

Maximum concentration is 314m from source concentration is 135m from source point Evaluation class GB18918-2002 Class 2 Class 2

292. The results show that the emission concentration and amount of the main pollutants in the sludge dewatering room are small, and the main pollutants odors of the project are Pmax <10 % (Pmax is the maximum ground concentration with the largest rate), in line with the class 2 standard of Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant Pollutant Discharge Standards (GB18918-2002) (ammonia 1.5mg/m3, hydrogen sulfide 0.06 mg/m3), and there is minimal impact on the atmospheric environment.

293. A green belt surrounds the WWTP site and no residents are located within 500 m. The odor therefore will have no impact on any residential area or other sensitive receptors.

294. Sludge management. Sludge sampling at the Hexi WWTP was conducted in August 2017 by the Xinjiang Changyuan Water Science Research Institute. The results are shown in Table VI.19.

Table VI.19: Analysis of sludge from Hexi WWTP Parameter Unit Results Pollution Index Class B of CJ/T

309-2009 pH 6.94 --

Water content mg/kg 3.63 0.057 ≤ 60% Cadmium (Cd) mg/kg <5.0*10-1 0.033 < 15 Total Mecury (Hg) mg/kg 2.11 0.141 < 15 Lead (Pb) mg/kg 32.8 0.0328 < 1,000 Chromium (Cr) mg/kg 40.0 0.04 < 1,000 Arsenic (As) mg/kg 2.75 0.037 < 75 Benzoapyrene (BaP) mg/kg <0.9 Meets standard < 3

Copper (Cu) mg/kg 51.6 00344 < 1,500 Nickel (Ni) mg/kg 16.0 0.08 < 200 Zinc (Zn) mg/kg 279 0.093 < 3,000 Petroleum mg/kg 82 0.027 < 3,000

295. The results show that the sludge quality can currently meet Class B standard of Disposal of Sludge from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant-Control Standards for Agricultural Use (CJ/T309-2009), and can be used for composting and mulching of plantation forests and other agricultural/horticultural uses where the sludge is not in contact with the food chain (walnut and red date orchards). Unused sludge of this quality can also be safely transported and disposed of at landfill. The FSR describes sludge transportation vehicles to be purchased under the project as “Sealed self-discharging sludge vehicles”. More details on the rated performance of haulage vehicles will be sourced in the detailed design phase (required in EMP). 296. The combined sludge production from the upgraded 50,000 m3/d plant and the 25,000 m3/d expansion funded under the project will be in the order of 6.3 t/day. The sludge processing facilities at the Hexi WWTP have been designed to handle the sludge production

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of a 100,000 m3/d, with future expansions in mind19 . Although a strong informal recycling culture exists among communities and farmers, the Hetian Government has no formal policies or programs in this area which can be adapted for this purpose. During detailed design, the feasibility of re-use of dewatered sludge in accordance with ADB 2012 report Promoting Beneficial Sludge Utilization in PRC will be examined. During project implementation, capacity building in recycling arrangements at both the government level and the PIU level will be undertaken and contractual arrangements with private sector and farmer groups will be sought, to maximize sludge reuse. 297. Currently, however, the sludge is not accepted at the Hetian landfill because the plant is operating without final approvals. This has resulted in the dewatered sludge being stockpiled within the WWTP boundary, on the site intended for the plant’s expansion. The impacts of this management practice are considered in the due diligence of the existing WWTP as an associated facility in Section K below.

3. Recycled Wastewater Pipelines Component

298. The uses of the recycled water will be at the Huawi power Plant for cooling water and as irrigation for urban greening in Hetian City and its industrial estates, desert stabilization planting, dust spraying and street cleaning. Treated wastewater will be taken from both the Hexi WWTP and the Hedong WWTP. Both will be discharging treated wastewater to Class 1A quality. The water quality requirements for these uses are different, with different standards pertaining to them. All are met by Class 1A treated wastewater. During operation, the quality of the treated wastewater will need to be monitored by the end users, Huawi Power Plant and by the Hetian Urban Parks Bureau, to ensure that the water standard is maintained and is fit for use. This will be required as part of the monitoring plan in the project EMP. The standards for the planned uses of the recycled wastewater are set out below in Table VI.20

Table VI.20: Recycled Wastewater Quality Standards for Planned Use

Item WWTP Influent

water quality Water quality for greening water

Water quality for circulating cooling

water National level 1A standard

pH 6.5-8.5 6.0-9.0 6.5-9.0 6.0-9.0 Color / degree —— ≤30 —— ≤30

SS 280 —— ≤30 ≤10 CODcr 460 —— ≤60 ≤50

BOD5 (mg/L) 220 ≤20 ≤10 ≤10 Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L) 45 ≤20 ≤10 ≤5 (8) Total phosphorus (mg/L) 45 —— ≤1 ≤0.5

Total nitrogen (mg/L) —— —— —— ≤15 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) —— ≥1.0 —— ——

Total coliform bacteria (No./L) —— ≤3 ≤2,000 ≤1,000

299. Additional disinfection of the treated water at the plant before release to bring coliform levels to within the requirements for irrigation water and management of this process at the plant will ensure that residual chlorine in the released water will be between 1.0 and 0.2 mg/l to allow safe handling and suitability for irrigation.

300. The FSR has confirmed the requirement for cooling water at the Huawei Power Plant of 12,000 m3/d at a cost of CNY1/m3. For landscaping, desert stabilization forest and street cleaning the reclaimed water use following upgrade and expansion of Hexi WWTP and Hedong WWTP will total 93,000 m3/d. Only during non-irrigation periods (the freezing

19 CUDEIP Supplementary Document 11: Water Sector Due Diligence.

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November to February months) will treated wastewater be released into the Dongfeng Canal. Section G.2 above discusses the environmental issues in relation to desert discharge.

301. An estimated water balance for the planned reuse of treated wastewater from the Hexi WWTP and Hedong WWTP is at Table VI.21 below. In the event of malfunction or interruption to supply of treated wastewater, temporary access to town supply water will be needed (with reduced supply for irrigation) and wastewater not complying with standard will be temporarily directed to desert. Continuous monitoring if discharge will be required for this safeguard.

Table VI.21: Water Balance for Treated Wastewater (2020) WWTP discharge volume

(104 m3/d) Water reuse (104 m3/d) west of Yulongkash

River Water reuse (104 m3/d) west of

Yulongkash River* Hexi WWTP (Existing plant

plus ADB-funded

Expansion)

Hedong WWTP

Power plant

cooling water

Rail station logistics

park greening

Beijing industrial

park (west) greening

Street spraying

and cleaning

Beijing industrial

park (east) greening

Tuanjie Village

greening

Poplar desert stabilization

forest

7.5 3.0 1.20 1.55 4.65 0.1 1.2 0.5 1.3 10.50 7.50 3.0

* estimated from proportional usage

4. Water Supply Component

302. The sustainability of water supply is not a direct safeguard consideration of this component since no new water supply sources will be added to the system as a result of the project’s pipe networks - rather, the works will contribute to achieving the infrastructure network for Hetian City set out in the present Water Supply Master Plan for Hetian City. However, a consideration of the sustainability of supply and management of water resources is included as part of the environmental due diligence of the water supply plants, which are associated facilities of this component (see Section K below).

303. Operational impacts of the water supply pipes will focus on the management and security of water distribution.

304. Water safety planning. Water quality sampling at No. 2 WSP, Yiliqi WSP and One-Township-One-Town WSP of East Yuhe in April 2017 (Section B1 Chapter V Description of Environment) showed compliance with Class II of Groundwater Quality Standard (GB3838-2002), which is based on human health benchmark values and is suitable for centralized drinking water sources with treatment and for untreated industrial and agricultural water. Monitoring of water quality is undertaken as a routine management function by the WSP operators.

305. A water safety plan which complies with WHO Guidelines will be prepared and implemented by the Hetian Water Supply Company for all water supply plants linked to project-funded pipelines. It will cover the detection, risk assessment and corrective actions in response to all sources of possible contamination of water - from the water source, through conveyancing through pipelines, during water treatment and in the final distribution network and sludge disposal from the WSPs. It will also include verification schedules based upon a monitoring program which combines PRC Drinking Water Standards and WHO guidelines.

306. Water leakage. In Hetian City, both landscaping water use and fire services water use are charged; therefore no water usage is free. The average leakage rate is 14.4% and the maximum is 16.9%, which is above the 12% required by Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, Ministry of Environmental Protection, 2015. The existing leakage rate comprises: (i) pipeline leakage (estimated to account for about 75% of the NRW); (ii) water meter measurement error; (iii) management issue such as water theft. Completion of the current Beijing-funded project for upgrading of Hetian City’s urban reticulated water supply

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system (56 km of municipal water supply trunk pipes) and this ADB project component (44 km of pipes) will upgrade and expand pipe network accounting for about 85% of Hetian City’s municipal trunk pipes. It is expected that this will reduce the leakage of the reticulated water supply system to almost 12%, and 10% by 2020.

307. Implementation. A transaction TA will be provided as part of project implementation to address, among a range of water resource management issues, water safety planning and water leakage described above. Output 1 of this TA will build the capacity of the Hetian water resource bureau, Hetian urban Planning bureau and Hetian Environment Protection Bureau in water sensitive city development focusing on water demand management, underground water monitoring and zero wastewater discharge. This output will develop revised water services masterplan for greater sustainability, resilience and livability. The masterplan will include the following water-related initiatives: (i) creation of a portfolio of water sources wit recommended priority access for usage of these sources; (ii) Hetian City zero wastewater strategy; (iii) Hetian City water sensitive city landscape masterplan and associated water supply sources; and (iv) groundwater pollution abatement strategy

5. Public Transportation System

308. Potential impacts from the bus maintenance center are noise, hazardous effluent, hazardous solid waste and traffic generation.

309. Noise and Traffic. The location of the servicing site is bounded on all sides by agricultural or industrial lands with 370 m from the site boundary to the nearest residents. The site boundary is 1 km north of the northern edge of the Hetian built-up area (Figure VI.2). This provides an essential buffer for noise impacts, since operations at the facility are likely to extend into nighttime hours. The isolation and distance of the facility from the city also minimizes the impact of traffic generation at the center including bus movements and staff commuting. It will also ensure that routes for bus entry into the built-up area of Hetian and other residential neighborhood do not put undue pressure on individual roads or intersections. The transport planning for the bases, bus routes and schedules have not yet been developed, so environmental and community safety criteria can be included in route planning and site traffic management planning before operations commence.

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Figure VI.2: Bus Service Center Setting

310. Hazardous materials. The bus maintenance center will handle the usual quantities of lubricants, hydraulic fluids, paints and cleaning products as an equivalent sized automotive works. Storage facilities for oil and chemicals will be within secured areas on impermeable surfaces, provided with bunds and cleanup installations. Used materials will not be discarded or liquid waste directed into drains or anywhere into the surrounding environment. The proper storage, handling and disposal of these materials will be carried on in compliance with the Transportation, Loading and Unloading of Dangerous or Harmful Goods (JT 3145-88) and will be set out in a set of procedures, policies and directives for the facility which focus on good environmental practice.

311. Additionally, the center will deal with large electrical batteries. It is not known at this stage whether this will include refurbishing exhausted or old batteries. During detailed design, a solid waste and hazardous substances plan will be prepared (see EMP). This will include the secure storage and disposal of large automotive batteries and power cells, including contracts with accredited specialist contractors who will accept batteries. Batteries will not be disposed of in landfill or incinerated. They will not be stored on site in excess of 30 days and will be collected and disposed of only by accredited specialist contractors.

312. Charging. Regarding the electricity consumption by EV buses: The DI has provided the following estimates for the two types of buses which will be purchased and operated as part of the project: • For 8m buses, 100 units x 80.4 kWh/unit/day = 8040 kWh/day • For 10m buses, 115 units x 129.45 kWh/unit/day = 14886.75 kWh/day.

The total electricity consumption is therefore calculated at 22927 kWh/day.

313. Bus charging will be undertaken through 54 charging pylons located at bus route nodes. Each will be capable of supplying 150 kW, with a total combined of 8100 kW. Power will be taken from the local electricity grid. The newest power plant in the region is the Huawei Power Plant. It is currently operating on half power (running one of its twin 135 MW generators). Each

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charging pylon when operating will draw down 0.0011 of the current half power generating capacity of this source alone and, when all pylons are operating at once will draw down 0.06 of available power from this plant. In the detailed design phase a comprehensive charging schedule will need to be developed so that during peak load periods during winter months, multiple simultaneous charging will not impact adversely on the city power supply.

314. Disposal of old buses. To ensure that replaced aging diesel buses are not put back on the road by other owners, the following disposal procedure will be in place: (I )the Hetian Yucheng Public Traffic and Transportation Company will apply to the Public Security Bureau for application to dispose. The public security bureau will issue a "Certificate of Disposal of Motor Vehicles" to the company and inform it that it will sell the disposal vehicle to a recycling enterprise; (ii) The company will then sell the disposal vehicle to the recycling enterprise; (iii) The enterprise receive vehicles in line with "Certificate of Disposal of Motor Vehicles", and issues a "Certificate of Recycle of Motor Vehicles" to the company; and (iv) the company applies to the Public Security Bureau for a cancellation of vehicle registration according to "Certificate of Recycle of Motor Vehicles". At the recycling enterprise, some parts will be reused and the main structure will be recycled as scrap metal for steelmaking.

H． Worker and Community Health and Safety – Operations

315. Hazardous materials. The storage, handling and disposal of all hazardous materials will be in compliance with Transportation, Loading and Unloading of Dangerous or Harmful Goods (JT 3145-88). It is noted that, due to security precautions, a number of hazardous materials (such as chlorine for disinfection at WWTP and WSPs) cannot be stored on site and must be ordered as needed. This places additional emphasis on transportation, loading and unloading and all facilities will be charged with the responsibility of ensuring that their suppliers conform with the standards.

316. Hazardous working areas. A number of project facilities will include work areas where there are potential hazards. These include (i) the workshop areas for bus maintenance where large components are moved about and buses are raised on hoists for servicing; (ii) the boiler room of the bus maintenance center where there are dangers from heat exposure, boiler fumes and steam; (iii) chlorinator operations at the WSPs and WWTP; and (iv) sludge handling, drying and loading at the WWTP. In all these areas safe work protocols will be established, publicized and implemented through training and regular monitoring of work practices (see EMP).

317. Emergency planning. In the PRC the various levels of government have put in place emergency preparedness and response procedures. The National Master Plan for Public Emergency Preparedness and Response was released by the State Council on 8 January 2006. The national master plan establishes the principles, policy and institutional framework for preparing and responding to public emergencies. In turn, provinces and regions have proclaimed master plans for public emergency preparedness and response. As part of project implementation, an emergency preparedness and response plan will be formulated and put in place for the project-funded built facilities (Hexi WWTP and the bus maintenance center) before they becomes operational. The emergency preparedness and response plans will use the provisions of the XUAR plan and address, among other things, training, resources, responsibilities, communication, procedures, and other aspects required to respond effectively to likely emergencies associated. Appropriate information about emergency preparedness and response activities, resources, and responsibilities will be disclosed to affected communities.

318. These project impacts are beneficial. Improvements in water resource infrastructure and management will relieve pressure on existing groundwater resources and facilitate significant

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increases in urban forests with flow-on benefits to the city’s environment (microclimatic effects, carbon sequestration, oxygen generation and desert soil stabilization). Investments in improving midtown roads will provide opportunities for city authorities to direct heavy vehicles away from the city center and investment in public transport (especially electric buses and their routes) will retard the unavoidable upward trends in air pollutants from vehicles as the population increases.

319. The project’s assistance to the HCG in developing a livelihood promotion program will specifically address measures to avoid impacts on the lifestyles, culture and religious practices of ethnic minorities. It will also focus on visitor carrying capacities of the central area to avoid crowding.

I． Induced and Indirect Impacts

320. These project impacts are beneficial. Improvements in water resource infrastructure and management will relieve pressure on existing groundwater resources and facilitate significant increases in urban forests with flow-on benefits to the city’s environment (microclimatic effects, carbon sequestration, oxygen generation and desert soil stabilization). Investments in improving midtown roads will provide opportunities for city authorities to direct heavy vehicles away from the city center and investment in public transport (especially electric buses and their expanded routes) will retard the unavoidable upward trends in air pollutants from vehicles as the population increases.

321. The project’s Transaction TA will complement the infrastructure investments and facilitate improved water demand management, improved underground water monitoring and zero wastewater discharge through its capacity development of the responsible agencies. The affect on comprehensive and integrated water resource management will help secure the city’s future as a sustainable oasis settlement.

322. The project’s assistance to the HCG in developing a livelihood promotion plan will specifically address measures to avoid impacts on the lifestyles, culture and religious practices of ethnic minorities. It will also promote livelihood and skills development in the old city area as a means of increasing social inclusiveness in Hetian.

J． Greenhouse Gas Emissions

323. The project will generate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in a number of ways, including use of fossil fuels and electricity for buses, machinery and pumps, emissions from the WWTP, and automotive emissions from project roads. The project construction phase is unlikely to produce large GHG emissions because existing construction equipment will be used and diverted to the current project.

324. Electricity for buses. The new electric buses will replace aging diesel buses in the fleet and provide additional buses needed for population growth and urban expansion. If the new purchases were not electric, fleet bus replacements and expansion would be by diesel units. The GHG savings is the difference between the GHG emissions of the two. The DI has advised that the total power use of all 215 electric buses is 22,927 kWh/day. This is 8,368,355 kWh/year and at a coal fired conversion rate of 0.65 kg CO2e/kWh (from US EPA standard conversion) will be responsible for the generation of 5,440 t CO2e/year.

325. To corroborate these calculations, the PPTA team has made a calculation using power consumption per kilometer based upon the following assumptions:

• 215 buses • 1,500 km per week for each bus

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• Average power consumption20 of 4.13 kW/km (Euro IV standard)21 • Average speed (including stops) 20 km/hr.

326. The calculation was: 215 x 1500 x 4.13 ÷ 20 x 52 = 3,46 3,005 kWh/year. Using a coal fired conversion rate of 0.65 kg CO2e/kWh (from US EPA22) provides 2,250 t CO2e/year.

327. This calculation confirms the order of magnitude of GHG production from running electric buses and gives the total GHG production in the range 2,250 – 5,440 t CO2e/year.

328. This finding can be compared with the GHG production if the fleet were operated as conventional diesel fueled buses. Using the same assumptions as above, with a diesel consumption rate of 40 liters/100 km gives the following calculation: 215 x 1500 x 40 ÷ 100 x 52 = 6,708,000 liters/year diesel. Converting liters of diesel to kg of diesel (x 0.86) and finding the mass of Carbon per kg of diesel (x 0.86) gives 4,961,240 kg C in the fuel used. The conversion to CO2 is obtained by the ratio of the molecular weights of C and CO2 (x 3.7). The result is 18,357 t CO2e/year.

329. The operation of 215 electric buses in Hetian will therefore represent a saving of around 12,900 – 16,100 t CO2e/year.

330. Traffic on project roads. Project funded civil works on five roads in the center of Hetian will comprise rehabilitation of existing main and secondary roads. No realignment or new road linkages will be undertaken. The works will not provide any new access points or connections with existing roads. Additionally, the existing roads are in already built-up areas and their rehabilitation will not directly induce more development along the road sections. There will therefore be no “distributed traffic” component to the traffic volume totals and the predicted future traffic volumes reflect the population growth and proportion of vehicle ownership, which would occur on the subjects roads regardless of the project’s intervention.

331. However, the combined effect of better and more durable road surfacing, rational lane arrangements, turn-in bays for buses, ready access for services and effective separation of motorized and non-motorized traffic will result in more efficient vehicle running and fuel savings. These have been calculated for the operational year 2030 as follows:

( )102 ××−= tn QLFFQ

Where 1Q is fuel saving quantity of congestion reduction

tQ is the Number of AADT (Annual average daily traffic) in 2030

0F is when without the Project, the average fuel consumption on the existing road (L/car 100 km); the value is submitted by local traffic department (District/County).

1F is when with the Project, the average fuel consumption of related road (l/car 100 km); the value is referred to the results on similarly road class and Consultants’ experience.

nL is the road design length (km)

Since no local data on fuel consumption on local roads was available, the (F0-F1) factor has been taken from average fuel consumption data on similar class rehabilitated roads in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, XUAR.

20 Power consumption without self-recovery capability 21 Europe 2020, Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/index_lv.htm 22 https://www.epa.gov/energy/greenhouse-gases-equivalencies-calculator-calculations-and-references

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332. The calculations are set out in spreadsheet format in Table VI.22 below.

Table VI.22: Fuel Savings on project Roads (2030)

Road Road class Construction Length of Road

Average daily traffic

(2030) Qt

F0 - Fn (l/car/100

km)

Daily fuel consumption

saved (Q2) l/d Unit

Urumqi Road Main road Rehabilitation 3,301.95 63274 2.68 5599.26 l/day Gujiang Road Secondary road Rehabilitation 4,430.40 25706 2.15 2448.59 l/day Taipei Road Main road Rehabilitation 5,365.89 70146 2.68 10087.41 l/day

Park Road West Secondary road Rehabilitation 1650.33 44665 2.15 1584.81 l/day Beijing Road Main road Rehabilitation 5319.37 44926 2.68 6404.61 l/day

Totals 26124.67 l/day 9535505.36 l/year

333. If it is assumed that the makeup of traffic is 2/3 petrol powered and 1/3 diesel, the calculation for fuel savings becomes:

liters fuel saved at 2030 kg fuel saved 2030 kg CO2 saved at 2030 2/3 petrol 6357003 liters petrol 4831274 kg petrol 4348147 kg C * 16088144 kg CO2 1/3 diesel 3178502 liters diesel 2733484 kg diesel 2350796 kg C * 8697947 kg CO2

9535505 Total Savings

24786090 kg CO2 24,786 t CO2/year

* To calculate the CO2 emission from a fuel, the carbon content of the fuel must be multiplied with the ratio of molecular weight CO2 (44) to the molecular weight Carbon 12 -> 44 / 12 = 3.7 334. Wastewater treatment. To estimate greenhouse gases from the WWTP plant requires detailed data on the treatment processes and electrical power usage throughout the plant. This data is not currently available to the PPTA team. As an alternative approach, a comparative study of 35 different WWTPs which provided a generalized numerical link between influent volume and GHG production23 was used. It is recognized that this study, from Australia, may not reflect operating conditions in PRC and especially is particular climates such as Xinjiang. However the range of WWTPs assessed includes treatment facilities similar to the Hexi plant and the large sample number smooths out individual differences in the plants.

335. An additional advantage of this study is that it includes power usage from all parts of the treatment process in its assessment (since power usage accounts for between 49% and 52% of WWTP GHG footprint), and also provides indications of offsetting due to carbon sequestration in biosolids. It is therefore used here to estimate the order of magnitude of the GHG emissions from the Hexi plant.

336. The results obtained from this estimation are:

• For the entire WWTP when operating as a 75,000 m3/day facility: 108,750 kg CO2e/day or about 40,000 t CO2e/year.

• For the ADB-funded expansion component of the WWTP (25,000 m3/day): 36,250 kg CO2e/day or about 13,250 t CO2e/year.

• Carbon sequestration in biosolids (if the sludge is disposed of and sealed at landfill) are in the range 3,600 – 5,300 t CO2e/year for the full WWTP and 1,200 – 1700 t CO2e/year for the ADB-funded component.

23 De Haas et al 2009, Energy and Greenhouse Footprints of Wastewater Treatment Plants in South East

Queensland. Monograph: Advanced Water Management Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane.

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337. Pumping recycled wastewater. Greenhouse gas from pumping recycled wastewater is negligible. The amount of recycled wastewater to be pumped back uphill to the greening areas and power station in 2020 through project-funded pipes will be 105,000 m3/day. If a static head of 20 m is assumed, in this relatively flat area, the electric power required is 230 kW. Converted to kilowatt hours over the course of an irrigation year (280 days) this is 1,545,600 kWh/year. GHG emissions from the coal-fired generation of this power will be 1,004.6 t CO2e/year.

338. Whole project. The balance of GHG emissions and savings for all project components is summarized in Table VI.23 below. The resultant is a total GHG reduction of about 22,636 t CO2e/year.

Table VI.23: Project GHG Emissions and Savings (t CO2e/year).

Electric Buses Traffic on project Roads

WWTP Recycled water

Totals (ADB components) Whole Plant ADB-funded

Expansion GHG Emissions 2,250 – 5,440 0 40,000 13,250 1005 16,505 – 19,695 GHG Savings 12,900 – 16,100 24,786 3,600 – 5,300 1,200 – 1700 0 38,886 – 42,586

Total Reduction (of mean values) 22,636

K． Adaptation to Climate Change

339. The climate risk screening for the project, as part of the rapid environmental assessment by ADB was that the climate change risk for the project was medium. Consequently, a Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment (CRVA) was prepared in August/September 2017.

340. The CRVA study found that in common with all of Xinjiang, the average annual temperature in the Tarim Basin sub-region is projected to rise steadily through the 21st century for all scenarios. For this sub-region a rise of 1.5oC is projected by 2040 (and up to 4oC for the A1B scenario in 2100).

341. For the same sub-region, precipitation shows a slight long-term decline, but only in the order of 1.5 mm by the end of the 21st century. The medium term, to 2040, shows an overall static trend for precipitation.

342. In summary, the project area is characterized by (i) low rainfall, which will not significantly change in the period to 2040 and thereafter marginally decrease by between 2 and 3% by 2100 with high yearly variability; and (ii) very low average temperatures, which will increase by between 12% and 33% by 2040 and 2100 respectively. Since winters are very cold in the project area, the increases in average temperatures will be most apparent in the warmer seasons. Higher summer temperatures and consequent high evapotranspiration rates have the potential to magnify the smaller decreases in rainfall, resulting in local seasonal droughts. In this situation, strong summer winds may reverse the decreasing trend in dust storms.

343. A list of design and engineering strategies which address the vulnerabilities identified in this CRVA, by component sectors is provided in Table VI.24 and VI.25 below. The most important aspects of predicted climate change are the combined effects of significantly higher temperatures and lower rainfall on the sustainability of water resources for the oasis city. The primary adaptation focus is therefore on water conservation measures for water use and diversification of supply. Adaptation measures for water supply are drawn from the PPTA Technical report on the Due diligence of Water Supply Sector. Adaptation measures addressing the side effects of increasing tendency for desertification at the oasis perimeter and increasing heat island effects in the central business districts are also highlighted. These have been addressed by project investments directly in street tree retention and augmentation, and in providing irrigation for greening and desert stabilization planting.

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Table VI.24: Design Features for Water Conservancy and Reuse Component

sector Adaptation Measures

Water supply • Make reasonable adjustments to the water tariff by implementing 5 types of water tariff: residential, non-residential, special trade, landscaping, and fire services.

• Continue adoption of the “one water meter for each household” for full implementation over the next 5 years to improve equitable water distribution and management.

• Employ pipe network monitoring to detect and prevent pipeline leakage and seepage.

• Use pipes with good water tightness and long service life. Most pipes are PE and ductile iron, which are reliable materials. Replace existing PVC-U gray cast iron pipes, and target all pipes to be PE and ductile iron pipes in 5 years.

Reclaimed water use

Increase use of recycled water for greening irrigation to help combat rising temperatures in the city, reduce pressure on groundwater extraction and combat desertification. After the completion of planned project investments the utilization rate will be 27%. In about 3-5 years after completion of the Class 1A treatment facilities in Hexi area wastewater treatment plant (about 2020-2022), reclaimed water will be used for 100% of the landscaping water use in the whole urban area.

In the future, maximize use of reclaimed wastewater to minimize desert disposal and reduce pressure on groundwater resources which are required for domestic supply.

In greening areas use drought tolerant species to ensure that, in the event of temporary local water shortages, a proportion of the plantings will survive and provide a foundation for re-establishment of the landscaping.

Table VI.25: Design Features for Other Components

Component sector

Adaptation Measures

Roads Retention and augmentation of all street trees to help combat rising temperatures in the city.

Surfacing asphalt mix needs to withstand frost heave in winter and not liquefy and distort in projected hotter summer temperatures.

Maximize access and flow of non-motorized vehicles, to reduce urban air pollution and heating along sidewalks.

Public transport

Investigate feasibility of purchase and maintenance of self-recovery electric buses to further reduce power consumption (kW/km) and thus GHG emissions.

Increase bus fleet to replace all diesel-powered vehicles for public transport.

Urban renewal (Tuancheng)

Promote energy efficient building forms and streetscapes, (conforming with GB 50189-2005 (Energy Conservation Design for Public Buildings)) while retaining culturally appropriate architecture and neighborhood configurations.

344. Adaptation and mitigation costs. The project components used in this analysis are taken from those listed in Table VI.24 and 25 (for adaptation measures) and Table VI.23 (for GHG mitigation measures). The costs, calculated from project component base costs and the proportion funded by ADB investments, are presented in Tables VI.26 and Table VI.27 below. The percentage of the base cost for each item which contributes to climate change adaptation and GHG mitigation has been estimated by the PPTA team and these are also shown in the tables. Only those components directly funded by the project are included in the calculations

Table VI.26: Estimated Cost of Design Features for Climate Change Adaptation Component

sector Adaptation Measures % of Base Cost

Contributing to Adaptation Outcome

Base Cost (ADB share) ($000)

Adaptation Cost

($000)

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Water supply

Adjustments to water tariffs. n/a (not funded by project) - -

Metered households. n/a (not funded by project) - - Pipe network monitoring for leakage and seepage.

20% (note 1) 80.00 16.00

High quality pipes and sealing.

10% (note 2) 283.52 28.35

Reclaimed water use

Increase use of recycled water for greening irrigation

80% (note 3) 8,977.67 7,182.14 Maximize use of reclaimed wastewater to minimize desert disposal and reduce pressure on groundwater resources. In greening areas use drought tolerant species

n/a (greening not funded) - -

Roads Retention and augmentation of all street trees.

10% (note 4)

17,461.94 1,746.19

Surfacing asphalt mix for winter and summer extremes.

2% (note 5) 17,461.94 349.24

Maximize access and flow of non-motorized vehicles.

5% (note 6) 17,461.94 873.10

Public transport

Self-recovery electric buses. n/a (not funded by project) - -

Future replacement of all diesel-powered buses.

n/a (not funded by project) - -

Urban renewal (Tuancheng)

Energy efficient building forms and streetscapes for Tuancheng.

10% (note 7) 5,886.54 588.65

Total 10,783.67

Table VI.27: Estimated Cost of Design Features for Climate Change Mitigation

Component sector

GHG Mitigation Measures % of Base Cost Contributing to

Mitigation Outcome

Base Cost (ADB share) ($000)

Mitigation Cost

($000)

Wastewater Carbon sequestration in biosolids.

5% note 8) 15,357.46 767.87

Roads Fuel savings from improved roads.

20% (note 9) 17,461.94 3,492.39

Public Transport

Electric buses replacing diesel buses

100% (note 10) 18,454.90 18,454.90

Total 22,715.16

Note 1 Pipe monitoring is intended to achieve a number of outcomes. The major ones are in minimizing

non-revenue water and maintaining the integrity of the water system network. Conservation of water by preventing loss during transmission and distribution is an ancillary benefit which contribute to climate change adaptation.

Note 2 The major objective of pipe sealing and high quality materials is to minimize non-revenue water and future pipe replacement. It will make a small contribution to water conservation and thus contribute to climate change adaptation.

Note 3 The primary purpose of the use of reclaimed water is water conservation and urban greening which will contribute strongly to climate change adaptation

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Note 4 The primary purposes of street trees will be to ameliorate traffic noise and dust as well as adding to the streetscape amenity. Contribution to climate change adaptation is ancillary through microclimatic effects, shade and reduction of urban heat island effect.

Note 5 Asphalt mix is only a small part of road surfacing costs, and asphalt formulation for extremes of temperature are a small part of asphalt costs.

Note 6 The rise and popularity of non-motorized vehicles will continues on all roads. Provision of NMV lanes will primarily increase safety for users. It will have a small influence on choices to adopt NMV as personal transport.

Note 7 Energy efficient buildings will reduce the power demand from the new development and contribute to conservation of energy in the local context. Energy efficiency in building design will compete with other architectural and cultural requirements, so is not expected to be a large proportion of building costs.

Note 8 Sequestration of biosolids in WWTP sludge is small, and a small percentage of treatment costs.

Note 9 The primary objectives of the urban roads components are improvements in traffic flow, road design performance and resilience of road surface and other features over time. Fuel savings from improved roads will accrue as a small but significant part of road performance.

Note 10 The choice to purchase electric buses is overwhelmingly environmental and all the costs will contribute to net savings in GHG emissions.

345. Base costs for components and the ADB share of them are drawn from the following reference sources in project finance documents (Table VI.28). Package costs were converted from CNY.

Table VI.28: Sources for Base Costs and ADB Share Component Base Cost Source ADB Share

Roads (civil works and ancillary works)

Package Roads-cw-1 to Roads-cw-5 Roads-eq-1 to Roads-eq-5

70.71%

Water supply Pipes Package WS-eq-1-1 to WS-eq-14

70.71%

Hexi WWTP expansion Contract HT-w-G02 to HT-W-G05

Civil works: 70.71% Equipment: 100%

Reclaimed water Pipeline Package RW-cw-1-1 to RW-cw-1-25 RW-eq-1-1 to RW-eq-1-25

70.71%

Tuancheng housing Subsidy Package TC-cw-1-1

37.43%

Pipe network monitoring (NRW)

Contract HT-P-CS04

100%

L． Associated Facilities

346. Project components will complement other developments or be dependent upon their proper functioning. These are classified as associated facilities and require environmental due diligence as part of project safeguards. These comprise:

• Hetian Water Supply Plants #1 and #2 which are the sources of water supply conveyed by project funded pipelines, including to Jiya,

• Hexi WWTP which will be expanded under project funds to treat wastewater to a quality appropriate for reuse, and will generate treated wastewater for reuse

• Hedong WWTP which will generate treated wastewater for reuse • Huawi Power Generation Plant which will use reclaimed wastewater from the expanded

WWTP and conveyed by project funded pipelines, as cooling water. • Hetian landfill which will accept solid waste in the form of dewatered sludge from Hexi

WWTP, sludge and gypsum from air pollution facilities and cooling tower from Huawei Power Plant, and overburden from surplus excavation spoil from road making and pipe-laying

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347. The list of associated facilities and a summary of their age and capacity is at Table VI.29.

Table VI.29: Associated Facilities Facility Date Constructed and Status Hetian Water Supply Plants #1 Commissioned 1985, rehabilitated in 2007 to improve water quality Hetian Water Supply Plants #2 Commissioned 2004, rehabilitated in 2007 to improve water quality Hexi WWTP 2016 limited operations (equipment failure). Discharge currently

not complying with 1B standard. Requires upgrade. Hedong WWTP Commissioned December 2014 Huawei Power Plant Commissioned 2017 Hetian Landfill Commissioned 2009.

348. Environmental approvals and compliance history. Due diligence of these associated facilities focused upon the environmental approval process for each existing facility, and the record of operational compliance with environmental standards and regulations. The findings are summarized in Table VI.30 below.

Table VI.30: Associated Facilities – Environmental Approvals Facility Environmental Approval Compliance History Hetian Water Supply Plants #1 No approval recorded (pre 2007) No recorded non-

compliance Hetian Water Supply Plants #2 No approval recorded (pre 2007) No recorded non-

compliance Hexi WWTP 2015: XUAR EPB No acceptance of

completion certificate Hedong WWTP 3 April 2013: XUAR EPB No recorded non-

compliance Huawei Power Generation Plant

2016: XUAR EPB No recorded non-compliance

Hetian landfill 16 December 2008: XUAR EPB No recorded non-compliance

349. Water Supply Plants. The continued operation of the WSPs and the project’s water supply pipelines is dependent upon the sustainability of the water resource. The PPTA has undertaken a water sector analysis 24 which covers these aspects of sustainability and resource planning. The findings are illustrated in Figure VI.3.

24: CUDEIP Supplementary Document 11: Water Sector Study..

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Forecast water demand 2030 Forecast water demand 2022

Current actual water usage

Current Water treatment capacity

Current Water supply capacity

Water supply capacity

Water treatment capacity

Present actual water usage

Forecast water demand 2022

Forecast water demand 2030

7 x 10,000 m3/d 7 x 10,000 m3/d 6.5 x 10,000 m3/d 12 x 10,000 m3/d 18 x 10,000 m3/d Figure VI.3: Long Term Water Supply and Demand Levels

350. Figure VI.3 shows that current water demand is within current supply capacity (using groundwater wells). However increasing demand in the medium term (to 2022)25 will require the exploitation of additional groundwater resources.

351. The water demand forecast in CUDEIP Supplementary Document 11 Water Sector Due Diligence and illustrated in Figure VI.3, for the medium term (2022) is 120,000 m3/day. The current water supply capacity of No. 1 and No. 2 Water Supply Plants (WSP) is 50,000 and 20,000 m3/d respectively. Hetian City Government plans to increase groundwater abstraction by constructing 7 new wells within the existing water source area of No. 1 and No. 2 WSPs by the end of 2018. This is estimated to provide additional supply of 5,000 m3/d each, i.e. 35,000 m3/d in total.

352. There is also a plan for Hetian City Water Supply and Drainage Company to take back Beijing Industrial Park water treatment plant, with its water supply capacity of 15,000 m3/d, so as to manage and operate it together with No. 1 and No. 2 WSPs. The PMO will advise the timing and arrangement of this plan before loan implementation. The Hetian City Water Conservancy Bureau has formally approved the Hetian City Water Supply and Drainage Company abstracting 43.8 million m3 of groundwater annually or 120,000 m3/day.

353. Special planning is being conducted for a new groundwater source area of 6 km2 south of the central urban area, on the west bank of the Yulongkashi River. When approved, a water resource justification report will be prepared for local assessment and approval requirements. The water abstraction rate will be at least 120,000 m3/d. When completed, it will replace the water source wells in the urban area.

354. The Hetian Prefecture Groundwater Resource Evaluation Report 26 identifies groundwater resources under Hetian City totaling about 452 million m³. The total quantity of water that can be sustainably abstracted is 0.5185×108 m3/a (142,000 m3/d), equating to the 25 CUDEIP SD 11 notes that the domestic water demand growth rate is relatively flat mainly because of use of

water-saving appliances, change of lifestyles of residents (from living in flatted houses previously to living in apartments), and increased awareness of water conservation, but that the demand curve for non-residential water (including special trade water) is increasing significantly.

26 XUAR Water Conservancy and Hydropower Survey, Design and Research Institute, 2013.

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annual recharge volume. At present the city abstracts 0.3818×108 m3/a (105,000 m3/d), and the increase in quantity that can be abstracted is 0.1317×108 m3/a (36,100 m3/d). Hetian City’s medium term groundwater extraction rate will therefore balance recharge and it is for this reason that maximizing the use of recycled wastewater to replace groundwater use for greening and industrial use, as promoted by the project, is essential.

355. In the longer term Hetian City will turn to surface water as its primary source. The city has water rights on the Yulongkashi River, with an annual average flow of 2.254 billion m3. The annual amount of surface water that Hetian City can utilize is 0.1% of this resource (224 million m3 (614,000 m3/d)), which will cover the water demand in the long-term year of 2030.

356. Hexi WWTP. The WWTP (50,000 m3/d) is operating without final approvals since it has consistently failed to achieve treated wastewater of the required quality. Consequently, the WWTP is discharging low quality treated wastewater consistent with secondary treatment only (filtration and sedimentation) into Dongfeng Canal which coveys the effluent into the desert for disposal (Figure VI.4). The Hetian City Government plans to upgrade the effluent quality to Class 1A standard using upgraded technology from its own funds.

Figure IV.4: Hexi WWTP Discharge into Dongfeng Canal

357. After project completion, the Dongfeng Canal will only carry treated wastewater (treated to 1A standard plus disinfection) in the winter non-irrigation period to the desert. This clean water disposal will have minimal impact on the desert environment and will be also used by agricultural irrigators taking water from the canal on its way north to the desert. Additionally, during project implementation ways to use this high quality water to replace bore water for irrigation of stabilization plantings along desert roads will be examined.

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Figure VI.5: WWTP Site showing Area of Sludge Stockpiling

358. About 5,000 m3 of sewage sludge has been stockpiled on site (awaiting approval for disposal at landfill) without anti-seepage measures. Soil testing was therefore undertaken at the request of the ADB to ensure that no contamination had taken place which would need remediation before construction of the project funded WWTP expansion component. Soil sampling of the site was undertaken by Xinjiang New Energy Environmental Inspection Co., Ltd in August 2017. The results are shown in Table VI.31.

Table VI.31: Soil Testing Results of Sludge Dumping Site in Hexi WWTP

Parameter Unit Testing Site #1 (depth) Testing Site

#2 (depth) Soil quality Class II

Standards 0-0.2m 0.2-0.4m 0.4-0.6m 0-0.2m pH - 8.12 8.12 8.41 8.08 >7.5 Copper (Cu) mg/kg 24.0 23.5 17.5 23.5 100 Zinc (Zn) mg/kg 72.0 71.0 60.5 71.0 300 Lead (Pb) mg/kg 5.30 5.47 4.94 5.04 350 Cadmium (Cd) mg/kg 0.097 0.064 0.056 0.049 0.6 Arsenic (As) mg/kg 1.13 2.59 2.81 8.49 25 T Chromium (Cr) mg/kg 133 129 216 156 250 Mercury (Hg) mg/kg 0.6 0.54 0.68 0.41 1.0 Nickel (Ni) mg/kg 48.0 51.5 52.5 48.5 60 359. The results show that the soil quality of the sludge dumping area can meet Class II standards of the Environmental Quality Standard for Soil (GB15618-1995) and no immediate remediation is required. However, to guard against continued sludge stockpiling from contaminating soil and groundwater in the short term, a temporary sealed and bunded stockpile base must be constructed and the sludge stockpile moved to it. Collected leachate from this bunded area must be directed to the WWTP for treatment. Before construction of the project funded 25,000 m3/d expansion unit commences, removal and proper disposal of the sludge stockpile must be arranged and implemented. The WWTP operators and HCG must make all efforts to negotiate agreements to transfer the stockpiled sludge to the landfill as early as possible.

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360. Hedong WWTP. The plant currently treats 10,000 m3 of wastewater per day and will be upgraded to a capacity of 30,000 m3/day by end 2018. It is designed to meet effluent quality Class 1B standard of Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant, but has consistently achieved Class 1A standard and accordingly the whole volume of treated wastewater is used to irrigate a 650 ha Populus euphratica forest on the northern boundary of the WWTP

361. Sludge is treated in a sludge neutralizing pool, and then dehydrated by belt dehydration machine and added to fly-ash to modify into sludge cakes. The sludge is then transported to Hetian landfill for disposal.

362. Hetian Landfill. The landfill is located 15 km north of the city area in the fringes of the Taklamakan Desert. It has a capacity of 500,000 m3 and currently has 80% of its capacity unused. It has the capacity to accept all sludge from the WWTP and Hexi Power Plant. The facility has leachate containment and leachate production is low. Management of the operation is good with a limited tip face in operation and daily covering with overburden (Figures VI.6 and VI.7). The landfill site is 3.2 km from the nearest rural habitation, 2.7 km from the nearest agricultural land and 7 km from the nearest natural drainage line (an anabranch of the Yulongkash River). Groundwater in the vicinity is only used to irrigate windbreak and stabilization planting along the margins of desert roads.

Figure VI.6: Part of unused landfill site with

lining and methane collection towers. Figure VI.7: Daily compression and covering

of garbage with overburden.

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VII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION, PARTICIPATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

A． Legislative Framework for Public Consultation and Information Disclosure

363. Meaningful participation and consultation in the evaluation of project planning, feasibility study, design and implementation is an important environment safeguards requirement. It can directly reflect the public’s perceptions of environmental quality in the project’s area of influence. 364. Relevant provisions in the Environmental Protection Law of PRC and the Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project Environmental Protection (Order of the State Council, No. 253) require that the “Environmental Impact Report formulated by the construction unit shall be in accordance with relevant laws to solicit the opinions of units concerned and inhabitants of project construction site". In January 2011, the MEP circulated the draft Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment: Public Participation for public commenting, which specifies the requirements of information disclosure and stakeholder opinion survey. Since 2012, MEP also requires that abstracts of EIARs should be posted on the websites of local EPBs during the approval process (MEP Order No. [2012]51).

365. Most recently, ‘Information Disclosure Mechanism of the Environmental Impact Assessment for Construction Project’ (MEP Order No. [2015] 162), the construction unit is the entity to conduct the information disclosure for the whole process, including project site selection, construction and implementation, and should prepare the public consultation report for submitting to the EPB for approval. Construction unit shall bear the whole responsibilities for the information that disclosed to the public. In this project, however, the PIUs have requested that the EIA Institute should undertake the public consultation on their behalf and report on the findings.

366. ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement requires meaningful participation, consultation and information disclosure as part of due diligence in project preparation. The consultation processes for this project follow both the PRC and ADB requirements.

367. Information disclosure and public consultation have been conducted jointly with the EIA institute and PPTA consultants during preparation of the domestic EIA in compliance with PRC regulatory framework, and this project IEE in compliance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009). Information disclosure and consultation included disclosure on the internet, community posting, a questionnaire survey, and discussion forums attended by affected people and other concerned stakeholders. It also included a comprehensive socio-economic survey. Information dissemination and consultation activities are presented below. B． Information Disclosure

368. Information disclosure of project information and related environmental issues was undertaken in two stages in line with PRC regulatory framework, including XUAR public consultation and management regulation for construction projects (on trial) (XUAR EPD No.488 [2013]). 369. The initial public announcement of the project via XUAR EPD website (http://www.xjepb.gov.cn) (Figure VII.1), occurred from 10-21 October 2016 (10 working days). Disclosed information included (i) name and overview of the project; (ii) name and contact of the construction unit; (iii) name and contact information of the EIA institute; (iv) EIA work procedures and major work contents; (v) major procedures for EIA approval; (vi) the major proceedings to collect public opinions; and (vii) the way for the public to deliver and submit

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opinions. No comments or objections were received from the public during the initial public announcement.

Figure VII.1: First Round Information Disclosure by Posting on XUAR EPD’s website (http://www.xjepb.gov.cn/xjepb/_639/_2766/_2770/124951/index.html)

370. The second round of public announcements of the project were via the HCG website (Figure VII.3) and local community placarding (Figure VII.2) from 24 May – 5 June 2017 (10 working days). Information included: (i) overview of the project; (ii) overview of the anticipated environmental impacts; (iii) summary of key mitigation measures; (iv) summary of key conclusions drawn in the EIA; (v) ways and deadline for the public to review the EIA summary; (vi) ways and deadline for the public to request additional information from the construction unit and EIA institute if any; (vii) working program for the public consultation; (viii) scope and key items for collecting public opinions; (ix) the major proceedings to collect public opinions; and (x) time period for the public to deliver opinions. During the disclosure period, two phone calls to the EIA institute were received to ask for the construction time arrangement for the road component. No other comments or objections were received.

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Figure VII.2: Second Round Information Disclosure by Posting on HCG’s Website (http://www.hts.gov.cn/err.htm?aspxerrorpath=/Article/ShowArticle.aspx)

Figure VII.3: Information Disclosure by Community Posting at Tashi Village in Lasikui Town

C． Public Consultation

371. In the framework of the domestic environment impact assessments and in compliance with PRC EIA requirements, the EIA Institute and PPTA team conducted public consultation meetings and questionnaire surveys. The meetings were undertaken in seven different locations to cover the potentially affected communities of all project components. The meetings took the following form:

• Advance notice through community billboards and direct contact with community leaders • A presentation to participants about the project, with particular emphasis on components

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affecting the local area. This included advice on the setting up of a project Grievance Redress Mechanism

• General discussion and clarification • Filling in of prepared questionnaire sheet by each participant. This was undertaken in a

consultative format where participants could seek clarification of issues and further discussion where necessary

• Contact points (PMO, PIU and EIA Institute) provided to participants.

372. The questionnaires were prepared in two languages, a Chinese version (Figure VII.4) and Uyghur version (Figure VII.5). The public consultation meeting and surveys were conducted in the project areas, including Gulebage Street Office, Bageqi Community and Kuolibaixi Community in Gujiangbage Street, Naerbage Street Office, Nuerbage Street Office, residents and government official in Yiliqi Township, Jiya Township and Lasikui Town. Total of 420 questionnaires were distributed and 420 were returned. The respondents include 325 male and 95 female. 93% respondents are Han nationality, 6% are Uyghur and 1% are other nationalities. The summary of the respondents are shown in Table VII.1.

Table VII.1: Information Summary of Survey Questionnaire Respondents

Items No. of persons % Items No. of

persons %

Gender Male 325 77

Age

Below 20 35 8 Female 95 23 21-40 198 47

Education

College and above 142 34 41-60 137 33 High school or

equivalent 113 27 Above 60 50 12

Below primary high school 165 39

Job

Government official 12 3

Nationality

Han 25 6 Worker 36 9 Uyghur 389 93 Farmer 314 75 Other 6 1 Technical/cultural staff 16 4

Private businessman 42 9

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Figure VII.4: Survey Questionnaire in Chinese

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Figure VII.5: Survey Questionnaire in Uyghur

373. The responses to the questionnaire are summarized in Table VII.2. All respondents are supportive of the project if all mitigation measures proposed are implemented properly. The major concern expressed by potentially affected people included noise and dust issue (89%) and traffic jams (71.6%) and traffic disruption (63.3) during construction. Major concerns during operation were solid waste (65.7%) and air pollution (38.4%). The majority of respondents requested strengthening of the management of solid waste and garbage to reduce pollution in the streets and roads and city appearance (90.3%). Another major request was for traffic organization during the construction period, to minimize traffic jams and inconvenience to local people (81.5%).

Table VII.2: Questionnaire Results

Question Options Results

No. of persons %

Do you think this project is positive to regional economic development or not?

Positive 405 96.8 Positive but not too much 15 3.2 Negative 0 0

What impact will bring to local people by implementing this project?

Positive 397 94.7 Negative 0 0 Not impact 7 1.5 Unknown 16 3.8

Do you care the environmental issues that this project will bring?

Very much 405 96.5 In general 13 1.8 Do not care 2 0.3

Are you satisfy with the current environmental quality?

Satisfy 356 84.8 In general 45 10.9 Not satisfy 19 4.3

Which environmental issues that you are concerning? (multiple choices)

Noise and dust impact during the construction period 286 83.9

Inconvenience caused by traffic disruption during the construction period 216 63.3

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Question Options Results

No. of persons %

Traffic jams caused during construction 244 71.6 Air quality and noise impact during the project implementation 135 39.6

Other reasons 0 0 What compensation methods that you want to choice for the land acquisition and resettlement?

Reallocation 136 32.3 Cash compensation 192 45.7 Change job 92 22

What major environmental issues will be brought to? (multiple choices)

Acoustic environment 99 29.0 Air quality 131 38.4 Water environment 56 16.4 Solid waste 224 65.7 Other aspects 0 0

Do you think the project will bring impact to the local environmental quality?

Significant impact 67 15.9 Big impact 43 10.2 General impact 243 57.8 Small impact 37 8.8 Unknown 30 7.3

What is your attitude towards this project?

Support 393 93.8 Support in general 25 5.9 Don’t care 2 0.3 Against (please specify the reasons) 0 0

Do you have any requirements to this project in terms of environmental protection?

Control the impact area and minimize the land acquisition and resettlement 147 43.1

Strengthen the traffic organization during the construction period, to minimize the traffic jams and inconvenience to the local people

278 81.5

Strengthen the noise management during the construction, to protection the normal regular life and rest of people alongside

181 53.1

Control the discharge of wastewater, to protect the water environment and soil 177 51.9

Control the exhaust gas emission and improve the air quality 170 49.9

Strengthen the management of solid waste and garbage, to reduce the pollution to the streets and roads and city appearance and traffic

308 90.3

374. At the time of initial public consultation, a solid waste component was included in the project and included in information dissemination. Respondents therefore addressed this issue in their questionnaire returns. The solid waste component was deleted from the project following the Midterm review. However the strong response from the consultations for strengthened solid waste management, especially at the consumer end, was communicated to the PMO. 375. Additional stakeholder meetings were convened by the PMO and led by the EIA Institute and PPTA team on 15 February and 31 March (Figure VII.6). For the institutional consultation meeting in February 2017, officers from district and city EPBs, HDRC, HBCA, Hetian Bureau of Transport, HYPTT, Hetian Bureau of Land Resources, Hetian Bureau of Forestry, Hetian Bureau of Water Resources, Hetian Bureau of Environmental and Sanitation, attended the meetings. For the consultation meeting in March 2017, representatives from residents near the construction sites participated. During the consultation meetings, the PIUs presented the project briefly and the EIA institute introduced the anticipated environmental impacts and

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mitigation measures to the participants. The PPTA environmental consultant introduced the ADB safeguard policy requirements, GRM and the importance of EMP. The EIA institute explained the mitigation measures defined in the EIA document and all participants expressed support for the project.

Figure VII.6: Information Dissemination and Institutional Consultation Meeting, February 2017

376. Suggestions and comments raised by participants during the consultation meetings included the following (i) consultation meetings shall be organized before the land acquisition and resettlement, appropriate solutions (such as cash compensation or land replacement) should be proposed to the affected local residents; (ii) constructors should sign construction contracts which cover environmental performance and responsibilities to safeguard the local community; (iii) temporary access should be provided to cross roads during construction; (iv) interception drains should be prepared during construction, to ensure that sediment-laden water will not enter into the farmland and not affect agricultural farming; (v) fence, noise prevention barriers and other noise reduction measures should be set up if the construction site is close to a village or residential area, and warning boards should also be set up; (vi) environmental risk mitigation measures should be implemented as mentioned in the EIA report, minimize the impact to the environment during the construction and implementation period; (vii) laws and regulations shall be followed, with attention to environmental protection and strengthening environmental design and management and enhancing city greening.

377. All these suggestions have been identified as impact issues in Chapter VI of the IEE and mitigation measures included in the EMP. Construction schedules are to be included in the Site Management plans for each construction site and will be disclosed to the community. Greenbelts are included along the edges of all project road components, and traffic, access and services during the construction period will be managed by a special traffic management plan which will be approved before construction commences by the PMO’s environment officer.

D． Public Consultation for Tuancheng Redevelopment

378. The PPTA Team, together with PMO, held a consultation meeting with local residents of Tuancheng Phase 3 Area in June 2017. The residents’ concerns are summarized as follows:

• Affordability: residents hope the redevelopment plan will work for all scheme participants, including poor families and widows. In this regard, the participants said there was a need to derive a workable model for all the residents through a modified system of house building grants as part of the project);

• Local Resettlement: residents would like to move back within or immediately around the subproject area (i.e. minimize resettlement elsewhere);

• Restrict Lane Widening: residents understood that the more road widening works that

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occur, the less developable land for on-site resettlement of all current residents there will be. Therefore, they expressed a preference for road widening to be restricted to essential access areas and for pedestrian priority to be the main emphasis;

• Practicality: due to lack of money, residences preferred the approach in Tuancheng Phase 2 regeneration project, where emphasis was on expensive facades/materials only along the main roads, with the majority of building with relatively low cost designs.

• Livable Heritage: residents look forward to the reconstruction of their homes in Ayiwang architectural style so that they could carry on their day-to-day activities and maintain their Uyghur lifestyle in a ‘reborn’ community with better utility services and an improved living environment.

379. The Social Development Specialist also held a series of public consultations with local residents between May and June 2017 in order to assess the willingness of Tuancheng residents to undertake house reconstruction and the affordability constraints of poor people within the area. The consultations revealed that more than 98% of residents are willing to participate in house reconstruction and are happy about the opportunity of having new houses in a better living environment with up-to-standard utility services. Some residents with good incomes noted that the physical housing conditions in Tuancheng are generally poor but they are unable to renovate their houses, even at their own expense, due to the Hetian City Urban Development Planning restrictions. They consider the reconstruction program as a very good chance for them to improve not only physical housing conditions but also to have access to upgraded public facilities and municipal services. The majority of residents are satisfied with the upgrading principle of unified planning on the basis of self-controlled house reconstruction.

380. Consultations also revealed that all residents prefer to live in low-rise houses with courtyards and all affected residents hope to be resettled back upon completion of upgrading. The poor within the subproject area also voiced similar project benefits and they are willing to renovate their sub-standard houses with government assistance. However, there is a risk they will be excluded by the program because they might not have the necessary financial resources to participate in the program. The positive impacts of upgrading are well perceived by local residents. Table VII:3 summarizes the key findings of the consultations.

Table VII.3: Upgrading Benefits Perceived by Respondents Respondents (N=134)

No. % 1. Road widening is more convenient for vehicle passage 120 89.59 2. Improving water and wastewater services 112 83.58 3. Good solid waste collection service and good living environment 114 85.07 4. Housing conditions are significantly improved 123 91.79 5. The community will be more attractive for residents and tourists 110 82.09 6. Job provision during construction and operation phases like street cleaning work

107 79.85

7. More opportunities for small livelihood related business development

114 85.07

8. The land value will increase 98 73.13 Source: Household Survey Data.

381. Residents’ concerns from both consultation events have been taken into account in the master planning of Area 3 Redevelopment, and are detailed in CUDEIP Supplementary Document 10: Tuancheng Regeneration Master Plan.

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E． Future Information Disclosure and Public Consultation Program

382. Consultation. Meaningful consultation to safeguard the environment and local residents will continue throughout the construction and operation phases. The HPMO and the PIUs will be responsible for organizing the public consultations, with the support of the loan implementation environmental consultant (LIEC). Civil works contractors will be required to frequently communicate and consult with the communities in the project area of influence, especially those near the project areas. Eye-catching public notice boards will be set at each work site to provide information on the purpose of the project activity, the duration of disturbance, the responsible entities on-site (contractor, construction supervision company, PIU, PMO), and the project level Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM). Consultation will focus on public complaints about public nuisances from construction and operation activities, such as water quality, noise, asphalt fume nuisance, dust, odor, traffic disturbance. Costs for the future public consultation plan are set out in the EMP.

Table VII.4: Environment Consultation and Communication Plan Organizer Format Frequency Subject Attendees Pre-Construction Stage HPMO, PIUs, LIEC

Targeted public consultation & site visits

Before construction at each site

Agreement with affected persons and sensitive receivers on heavy machinery work. Consultation on safety of nearby communities.

Affected persons in impacts zone of construction activities

Construction Stage HPMO, PIUs, LIEC

Public consultation & site visits

Once each year during construction

Adjusting of mitigation measures, if necessary; construction impact; comments and suggestions

Residents in project areas

HPMO, LIEC

Expert workshop / press conference

As needed based on public consultation

Comments / suggestions on mitigation measures, public opinions

Residents in project areas, experts of various sectors, media

Operational Stage HPMO, O&M Units, LIEC

Public consultation and site visits

Once in the first year

Effectiveness of mitigation measures, impacts of operation, comments and suggestions

Residents in project areas

LIEC, HPMO

Public satisfaction survey

Once at PCR stage

Public satisfaction with EMP implementation. Comments and suggestions

Residents in project areas

EPB = Environmental Protection Bureau, HPMO = Hetian project management office, LIEC = loan implementation environment consultant; MTR = midterm review; PIUs = project implementing units, PCR = project completion review

383. Disclosure. The project’s environmental information for the project will be disclosed on the HCG and ADB’s websites as follows:

a) The project EIA (in Chinese) has already disclosed two rounds on the XUARG EPD and HCG’s websites before approval;

b) The project IEE will be disclosed on the project website at www.adb.org; c) All annual environmental monitoring reports during project implementation will be

available at www.adb.org; and d) Environmental acceptance inspection reports (according to PRC regulation for

completed components) will be disclosed on the website of the Hetian District EPB.

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VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

384. A grievance redress mechanism (GRM) has been developed in compliance with ADB’s SPS (2009) requirement to address environmental, health, and safety concerns associated with project construction and operation. The GRM is designed to achieve the following objectives: (i) provide channels of communication for local communities to raise concerns about environmental grievances which might result from the project; (ii) prevent and mitigate adverse environmental impacts to communities caused by project construction and operation; (iii) improve mutual trust and respect and promote productive relationships between the PIUs and local communities; and (iv) build community acceptance of the project. The GRM is accessible to all members of the community, including women, youth, and poverty-stricken residents. Multiple points of entry are available, including face-to-face meetings, written complaints, telephone conversations, e-mail, and social media.

385. Public grievances related to project construction to be addressed by the GRM may include damage to public roads, interruption of public services, dust emissions, noise, soil erosion, inappropriate disposal of waste materials, and safety for the general public and construction workers.

386. The GRM meets the regulatory standards of the PRC that protect the rights of citizens from construction-related environmental and/or social impacts. Decree No. 431 Regulation on Letters and Visits, issued by the State Council of PRC in 2005, codifies a complaint acceptance mechanism at all levels of government and protects the complainants from retaliation. Based on the regulation, the former State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) published updated Measures on Environmental Letters and Visits (Decree No. 34) in 2006.

387. Currently in the PRC, when residents or organizations are negatively affected by a development, they may complain, by themselves or through their community committee, to the contractors, developers, the Township Government, the local EPB, or by direct appeal to the local courts. The main weaknesses of this system are: (i) the lack of a specialized unit to address grievances; and (ii) the lack of a specific timeframe for the redress of grievances. The project GRM addresses these weaknesses. A strength of the current system is the inclusion of the local EPB hotline for complaints and reporting environmental issues. The project GRM incorporates this hotline as one of the entry points for affected persons.

388. The details of the project GRM, including a time-bound flow chart of procedures, are included in the project Environmental Management Plan (Attachment 1 of this IEE).

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IX. CONCLUSION

389. This IEE including EMP was prepared in compliance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009). The IEE incorporates findings of the domestic feasibility studies, DEIAs, prepared by licensed domestic design institute, and topical studies conducted in the framework of the PPTA (including a climate risk and vulnerability assessment, and water resources assessments). The domestic safeguards documents were prepared in compliance with the PRC Law on Environmental Impact Assessment (2016), the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (HJ/T2-93) and other relevant PRC regulations and guidelines.

390. The IEE concludes that adverse environmental impacts will not be irreversible and will either be of temporary nature or able to be avoided or mitigated with proper environmental management. The IEE’s findings have been incorporated in the EMP as mitigation and management measures to be implemented during the project. They will form part of the contractual obligations with PIUs and contractors for construction and with operating units for operation of components. The IEE confirms project classification of category B for environmental safeguards. Major findings are presented below.

A. Project Benefits

391. The water supply, wastewater and reclaimed water components will benefit all residents from four urban sub-districts and some residents from Jiya Township. The urban population in Hetian City will also enjoy improved urban infrastructure particularly from better road conditions and more convenient public transports funded by the project. The PPTA Poverty, Social and Gender Survey has estimated that a total population of 175,608 within 39,899 households will be direct beneficiaries (comprising 166,491 people within 37,829 households from four sub-districts and 9,117 people within 2,070 households from Jiya Township). A total population of 348,300 within 85,452 households will be the indirect beneficiaries of the project.

B. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

392. Impacts in construction and operation. Impacts during construction are covered by site management measures to control noise, dust, erosion, runoff and traffic and access. Since all component sites are within the built-up areas of Hetian City there will be no impacts on the natural environment or habitats. Important issues during the construction phase are: (i) strict environmental management of necessary works within water source protection zones to comply with regulatory restrictions; (ii) incorporation of construction noise protection measures along project roads in midtown and pipe-laying operations; (iii) maximized retention of street trees; (iv) comprehensive traffic planning and management for works on major roads to avoid disruptions and traffic hazards; and (v) safeguarding community health and safety from intensive construction work in the Tuancheng redevelopment.

393. Impacts and their mitigation in the operational phase focus on noise levels from the project roads. Baseline noise on these roads already often exceed standards, so immediate and future permanent noise amelioration measures are recommended for the civil works. In this context, the need for retention and intensive augmentation of roadside vegetation is emphasized to reduce noise exposure. Other potential operational impacts from project components (air emissions from roads, wastewater treatment plant; and effluent discharge from wastewater treatment plant) will be minimized through design and appropriate management measures.

394. Climate risk and climate adaptation. The project Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment (CRVA) has found that the project area is characterized by (i) low rainfall, which

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will not significantly change in the period to 2040 and thereafter marginally decrease by between 2 and 3% by 2100 with high yearly variability; and (ii) very low average temperatures, which will increase by between 12 and 33% by 2040 and 2100 respectively. Since winters are very cold in the project area, the increases in average temperatures will be most apparent in the warmer seasons. Higher summer temperatures and consequent high evapotranspiration rates have the potential to magnify the decreases in rainfall, resulting in local seasonal droughts. In this situation, strong summer winds may reverse the decreasing trend in dust storms. However, it also concluded that the vulnerability of project infrastructure components to these changes is relatively low.

395. Adaptation measures recommended by the CRVA have been incorporated in preliminary design considerations and will be carried forward into the detailed design phase. These measures mainly relate to water conservancy and water resources management, including water recycling, which are key outputs of the project. Other measures relate to continued expansion of the electric bus fleet and the adoption of energy efficient building forms and streetscapes in urban renewal.

396. Greenhouse gas emissions. The balance of GHG emissions and savings for all project components were estimated and the results are summarized in Table IX.1 below. The project will result in a net reduction of GHG emissions estimated at 29,079 t CO2e/year.

Table IX.1: Project GHG Emissions and Savings (t CO2e/year). Electric Buses Traffic on project

Roads WWTP Recycled

water Totals (ADB

components) Whole Plant ADB-funded Expansion

GHG Emissions 2,250 – 5,440 0 40,000 13,250 1005 16,505 – 19,695 GHG Savings 12,900 – 16,100 24,786 3,600 – 5,300 1,200 – 1700 0 38,886 – 42,586

Total Reduction (of mean values) 22,636 397. Project costs for the inclusion of climate change adaptation and greenhouse gas mitigation components and measures have been calculated, on the basis of the estimated proportion of the base cost of each component or measure leading to the adaptation or mitigation outcome. The costs are $10.78 million for adaptation and $22.72 million for mitigation.

C. Environmental management plan (EMP) 398. The responsibilities for environmental management and supervision during the various stages of implementation of the project are defined in the EMP. The EMP will be implemented in all phases of the project—design, pre-construction, construction, and operation. The EMP defines: (i) objectives; (ii) roles and responsibilities; (iii) mitigation measures; (iv) inspection, monitoring, and reporting arrangements; (v) training and institutional strengthening; (vi) GRM; and (vii) future public consultation. The EMP will be updated at the end of the detailed design, and included as a separate annex in all bidding and contract documents. The contractors will be made aware (through the PMO and the tendering agency) of their obligations to implement the EMP and to budget EMP implementation costs in their proposals. HCG (through the PMO) and the implementing agencies will assume overall responsibility for implementing, supervising, monitoring and reporting on the EMP.

399. Monitoring. Environment safeguards monitoring obligations are defined in the EMP and include (i) project readiness monitoring, to be conducted by the PMO-EO and LIEC; (ii) internal monitoring, to be conducted by the CSCs and contractors during construction and regular monitoring by O&M units during operation of the project facilities; (iii) external environment monitoring, to be conducted by the local EMSs (contracted by the PIUs); (iv) EMP compliance monitoring during project implementation and the first year of project operation (or up to the date as further to be agreed with the ADB mission), to be conducted by the PMO

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environmental officer (PMO-EO) and LIEC; and (iv) monitoring and evaluation of the internal and EMS monitoring results by an External Monitor.

400. Consultation and Grievance Redress Mechanism. Information disclosure and public consultation have been conducted during preparation of the DEIA in compliance with PRC regulatory framework, and this project IEE in compliance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009). Information disclosure and consultation included disclosure on the internet, community posting, a questionnaire survey, and discussion forums attended by affected people and other concerned stakeholders. Knowledge of the project was high, reflective the effectiveness of information disclosure and dissemination activities. The project had strong support in all areas, with concern expressed only for the effects of construction impacts of noise and dust.

401. A plan for public consultation during construction and the initial phase of project operation has been developed and included in the EMP. The PMO and the PIUs will be responsible for organizing the public consultations, with the support of the loan implementation environmental consultant (LIEC). Eye-catching public notice boards will be set at each work site to provide information on the purpose of the project activity, the duration of disturbance, the responsible entities on-site (contractor, construction supervision company, PIU, PMO), and the project level Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM).

D. Risks and Assurances 402. The environmental examination has identified a number of risks to the environmental performance of the project. Assurances have been developed to address these and these have been drafted as loan covenants to be implemented in the timescales indicated as conditions of loan implementation. They comprise the following:

i. That the retention of mature street trees will be maximized during construction and that to protect roadside premises from noise and dust, roadside planting will be augmented to increase density;

ii. That the proposed roadworks on the western section of Taipei Road (Hongxing Street-Urumqi Road and Urumqi Road-C315 Road segments) are redesigned to retain the existing Fraxinus (Ash) trees;

iii. That identified sites along project roads which will be impacted by operational traffic noise will be permanently protected with noise barriers, shutters, awnings and double glazing as appropriate to the layout and use of building;

iv. The current 50,000 m3/day Hexi WWTP unit will be upgraded to consistently achieve Class 1A discharge quality, completion of upgrade to coincide with commissioning of the project-funded expansion;

v. That before construction of the project funded 25,000 m3/d expansion unit commences, removal and proper disposal of the sludge stockpile at the Hexi WWTP site must be arranged and implemented. The WWTP operators and HCG must make all efforts to negotiate agreements to transfer the stockpiled sludge to the landfill as early as possible.

E. Conclusion 403. It is concluded that full and effective implementation of the safeguard measures described in this IEE will minimize adverse environmental impacts of the project, and contribute to the project achieving its goal. The EMP and legal assurances reflected in the project and loan agreement will ensure that these measures are implemented in an appropriate institutional framework and are supported through comprehensive training, monitoring and reporting arrangements. The IEE concludes that the Project is feasible from an environment safeguards point of view, and the environmental categorization of “Category B” is confirmed.

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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 1. This Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is developed for the Xinjiang Hetian Comprehensive Urban Development and Environmental Improvement Project (the project). It identifies the potential project environmental impacts and defines mitigation measures and monitoring requirements for the design, construction, and operational stages of the project. It also defines the institutional arrangements and mechanisms, the roles and responsibilities of different institutions, procedures and budgets for implementation of the EMP. The EMP seeks to ensure environmental protection activities during preconstruction, construction, and operation continuously improve in order to prevent, reduce, or mitigate adverse environmental impacts and risks. The EMP draws on the findings of the project IEE, the domestic Environmental Impact Report (EIR), Feasibility Study Report (FSR), the Project Preparation Technical Assistance (PPTA) reports, and discussions and agreements with relevant government agencies and the Asian Development Bank(ADB). 2. This EMP is based on proposed project designs as of end October 2017. Detailed engineering designs are yet to be finalized and may require subsequent impact assessment and/or revisions to this EMP. The HetianCity Government (HCG) will provide the detailed designs to ADB for review to determine if the EMP requires revision. The final EMP will be disclosed on the ADB public website (www.adb.org) and included in the Project Administration Manual (PAM). The final EMP will also be included as a separate annex in all bidding and contract documents. The contractors will be informed of their obligations to implement the EMP, and to include EMP implementation costs in their bids for projectworks. 3. The EMP includes an environmental monitoring program. The monitoring results will be used to evaluate (i) the extent and severity of actual environmental impacts against the predicted impacts, (ii) the performance of the environmental protection measures and compliance with relevant laws and regulations, (iii) trends of impacts, and (iv) overall effectiveness of the projectEMP. A. Institutional arrangements and responsibilities for EMPimplementation 4. As Executing Agency (EA), the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Government (XUARG) will be responsible for the overall implementation and compliance with loan assurances and the EMP (including Environmental MonitoringPlan). 5. HCG Project Leading Group (HPLG). The HPLG has been established for the project comprising senior officials from relevant government agencies, to facilitate inter-agency coordination, and to resolve any institutional problems affecting project implementation at a citylevel. 6. The EA has established the Hetian Project Management Office (HPMO) within the Hetian Development and Reform Commission,which will be responsible, on behalf of the EA, for the day-to-day management of the project. The HPMO will have the overall responsibility to supervise the implementation of environment mitigation and monitoring measures, coordinate the project level Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) and report to ADB. HPMO will (i) appoint at least one environmental officer on its staff to coordinate and manage EMP implementation (PMO-EO), (ii) contract the Hetian Environmental Monitoring Station (HEMS) to conduct environmental impact monitoring during the constructionstage, (iii) engage the loan implementation consultants (LIC) services, (iv) contract an External Monitor (EM) to conduct independentverification of EMP implementation and environmental impact monitoring results

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during the construction and operational stages of the project, and (v) supervise the procurement process. The HPMO environmental officer will (i) supervise contractors and their compliance with the EMP; (ii) conduct regular site inspections; (iii) act as local entry point for the project GRM; (iv) submit environmental impact monitoring results provided by the HEMS to the HPMO and HEPB for verification and confirmation. HPMO will prepare quarterly project progress reports and semi- annual environment monitoring reports (construction) and annual environmental monitoring reports (operations) and submit them toADB. Terms of reference for the PMO-EO are at Annex A of this EMP. 7. Project Implementing Units (PIUs). The HCG will be the IA for the project.Hetian Water Supply and Sewage Company (HWSSC), Hetian Bureau of Housing and Urban-rural Development (HBHUD), Hetian Yucheng Public Transport and Transportation Co., Ltd (HYPTT), and Hetian Development and Reform Commission (HDRC) as the project implementing units will be the PIUs. They will hire the technical engineering design institutes (DIs), implement its project components, administer and monitor contractors and suppliers, and be responsible for construction supervision and quality control. Each PIU will assign an environmental officer from their staff to coordinate with the PMO-EO and LIEC in the implementation of the EMP. Terms of reference for the PIU environmental managers are at Annex C of this EMP.

8. To ensure that the contractors comply with the EMP provisions, HCG with the help and technical support of a Tendering Agent and the Loan Implementation Environmental Consultant (LIEC) under the LIC services, will prepare and provide the following specification clauses for incorporation into the bidding procedures: (i) a list of environmental management and monitoring requirements to be budgeted by the bidders in their proposals; (ii) environmental clauses for contractual terms and conditions; and (iii) major items in the IEE, and the fullEMP. 9. Construction contractors will be responsible for implementing the mitigation measures during construction under the supervision of PIUs and HPMO. In their bids, contractors will be required to respond to and budget the environmental management and monitoring requirements defined in the EMP. Each contractor will be required to develop site specific Site Management Plans (SMPs) and will assign a person responsible for environment, health and safety. After project completion, environmental management responsibilities will be handed over to O&Munits. 10. O&M Units. During the operational phase, PIUs and the HEPB will periodically verify and monitor (through a licensed monitoring entity) the environmental management and implementation of mitigation measures by the operators (O&M Units) of the project components. The cost of mitigation measures in this phase will be borne by the relevant O&MUnits. 11. Loan Implementation Environmental Consultant (LIEC). Under the loan implementation consultancy (LIC) services, a LIEC will support the project. Terms of reference for this external environmental monitoring consultant is provided in Annex B of this EMP. The LIEC will be contracted by the HPMO, andwill:

• assess the project components’ environmental readiness prior to implementation based on the readiness indicators defined in Table EMP-3 in theEMP;

• support HPMO in updating the EMP including monitoring plan as necessary to revise or incorporate additional environmental mitigation and monitoring measures, budget, institutional arrangements, etc., that may be required based on the detailed design; submit to ADB for approval and disclosure; ensure compliance with the PRC’s environmental laws and regulations, ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) and Public Communications Policy(2011);

• if required, update the IEE and EMP reports for changes in the project during detailed

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design or project implementation (for example if there is a minor or major scope change) that would result in adverse environmental impacts not within the scope ofthe approvedIEE/EMP;

• assist the HCG and HPMO to establish a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM), and provide training for the HPMO and GRM access points (including, but not limited to, PIUs andcontractors);

• conduct regular EMP compliance assessments, undertake site visits as required, identify any environment-related implementation issues, and propose and oversee implementation of necessary correctiveactions;

• assist the HPMO to prepare semi-annual environmental monitoring and progress reports toADB;

• provide training to HPMO, PIUs, O&M units and contractors on environmental laws, regulations and policies, SPS 2009, EMP implementation, and GRM in accordance with the training plan defined in the EMP (Table EMP-7);and

• assist the HPMO and PIUs in conducting consultation meetings with relevant stakeholders as required, informing them of imminent construction works, updating them on the latest project development activities,and GRM.

12. External Monitor (EM). The environmental performance of the project will be verified by an independent EM, to be contracted by HPMO. The EM will assist the LIEC to(i) review detailed design to ensure inclusion of relevant mitigation measures, (ii) assist HPMO to updating the EMP wherenecessary, (iii) review tender documents to ensure inclusion of EMPclauses, and (iv) review contractor’s method statements on implementation of mitigationmeasures. During project implementation, the EM will review EMP implementation and monitoring activities and results, assess EMP implementation performance, visit the project sites and consult potentially affected people, discuss assessment with the HPMO and PIUs; and suggest corrective actions. The EM will prepare annual reports for submission to ADB. As appropriate, the EM will also assist the HPMO during the preparation of its quarterly project progress reports for ADB, and assist the LIEC in the preparation of the semi-annual environment monitoring reports forADB. 13. All environmental responsibilities are listed in TableEMP-1.

Table EMP-1: Environmental responsibilities Phase Responsible Agency Environmental Responsibility Project preparation Design Institutes on

behalf of HPMO Prepare feasibility study reports (FSR), environmental impact

report (EIR), resettlement plan(RP) HPMO Review the FSR, EIR, and RP.

Engage a staff environmentalofficer HEPB Review and approve thedomestic EIR PPTA consultants Provide technicalassistance

Review domesticEIR Conduct environmental duediligence Prepare project initial environmental examination (IEE)and

environmental management plan(EMP) ADB Review and approve the IEE and EMP anddisclose on website

Detailed design Design Institutes Incorporate mitigation measures defined in the EMPinto engineering detaileddesigns

HPMO, PMO-EO Review mitigation measures defined in the EMP, update where necessary based on detaileddesign Engage the independent External Monitor (EM). Engage the Loan Implementation EnvironmentalConsultant

(LIEC) under the Loan Implementation ConsultingServices EM and LIEC Review detailed design to ensure inclusion of relevant mitigation

measures

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Phase Responsible Agency Environmental Responsibility Assist HPMO in updating the EMP wherenecessary

ADB Approve updated EMP anddisclose on website Tendering, contracting and pre- construction

HPMO, PMO-EO Incorporate EMP clauses into tenderdocuments Commission HEMS for internal environmental quality monitoring

during the constructionphase Establish the project grievance redress mechanism witha

complaint center andhotline EM Review tender documents to ensure inclusion of EMPclauses

Review contractor’s method statements on implementation of mitigationmeasures

LIEC Review tender documents to ensure inclusion of EMPclauses Conduct training for the staff from HPMO, PIUs, O&M unitsand

contractors on environmental management, environmental monitoring and EMPimplementation

Contractors Prepare and submit tenders for the construction contracts,to include staffing and costs for environmental management to comply with theEMP Prepare method statements on implementation ofmitigation

measures ADB Review bid documents and confirm project’sreadiness

Construction PIUs Develop project management procedures, implementation plan, and financialmanagement Approve contractor’s method statements on implementation of

mitigationmeasures Undertake day-to-day project and EMP implementation activities for

all infrastructurecomponents Administer and monitor the contractors andsuppliers Supervise EMP implementation to ensure complianceby

contractors HPMO, PMO-EO Coordinate with all involved agencies, departments, and institutes for

project implementation Coordinate the project level grievance redress mechanism Conduct public consultations as indicated in the EMP Prepare project documents and report to HCG, HPLG and ADB Submit withdrawal applications and supporting documents to ADB Submit project implementation progress reports and safeguards

monitoring reports to ADB Submit all procurement and disbursement documents to ADB for

necessary approval Disclose project-related information and documents in accordance

with ADB guidelines HEMS Conduct internal environmental quality monitoring in accordance with

the EMP Recommend additional environmental quality monitoring when

needed Prepare and submit monitoring results to HPMO, PIUs and HEPB

monthly EM Conduct external compliance monitoring of EMPimplementation

Review internal environmental quality monitoring datacollected byHEMS Advise on mitigation measures whenneeded Assist HPMO and PIUs in preparing quarterlyproject

progressreports Support LIEC with preparation of semi-annual environmental

monitoringreports LIEC Conduct compliance monitoring of EMPimplementation

Assist HPMO in preparing semi-annual environmental monitoring

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Phase Responsible Agency Environmental Responsibility reports for submission toADB Prepare environmental completion report forADB

HEPB Conduct periodic and random inspections of all construction projects relative to compliance withPRC regulations andstandards

ADB Review semi-annual environmental monitoring reports and disclose on website Undertake reviewmissions

Operation O&M units Operate and maintain the projectfacilities Engage HEMS in conducting environmental qualitymonitoring

during the operationalphase PIUs Coordinate and supervise EMPimplementation HEMS Conduct internal environmental monitoring for the first year of

operation according to theEMP ADB Review annual environmental monitoring reports and disclose on

website Conduct project completionreview

B. Summary of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures 14. Potential environmental issues and impacts during the pre-construction, construction and operation phases, and corresponding mitigation measures, are summarized in Table EMP-2. Environmental management costs during the construction period are to be covered by the contracted construction costs. These are significant cost items and all will need to be included in the tender documents to ensure that contractors include them in their budgets. Cost estimates are provided in the table to indicate the relative magnitude of these costs and as a guide for tendering.

15. Operational environmental management measures are to be undertaken within the facility operators’ ongoing operational budget. The major civil works item (permanent noise amelioration along project roads) is costed. Training costs are costed as additional considerations in the detailed design phase. 16. The mitigation measures defined in the EMP will be (i) checked and where necessary re- designed by the design institutes and the EMP subsequently updated; (ii) incorporated into tender documents, construction contracts, and operational management plans; and (iii) implemented by contractors and PIUs under supervision of HPMO. The effectiveness of these measures will be evaluated based on the results of the environmentalimpact monitoring conducted by HEMS, and through EMP compliance verification conducted by the EM and LIEC.

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Table EMP-2: Summary of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures Item/Media Activity Impacts, risks and

issues Mitigation Measures Measures

implemented by Implementation of measures checked by

Source and Funding

A. Pre-construction 1. Detailed Design

Stage Ensure appropriate levels of expertise for EMP implementation

(all components)

Establish implementation support positions

- Contract a Loan Implementation Environmental Consultant (LIEC));

- Contract water safety, waste treatment specialists as part of the loan implementation consultant team;

- Contract Hetian Environmental Monitoring Station for external monitoring of construction and operations.

- Contract External Monitor

HPMO, PIUs EA, ADB PMO and PIUs in-kind support.

Establish environmental staff positions at different levels of supervision

- Appoint PMO EnvironmentalOfficer (PMO-EO) - Appoint PIU Environment Managers (PIU-EM) in each

PIU

HPMO, PIUs EA, ADB PMO and PIUs in-kind support.

Design finalization

(individual components)

Inclusion of all environmental requirements in design

Finalize detailed designs for all infrastructure, including the following safeguard plans: For the roads component: - Redesign the proposed roadworks on the western

section of Taipei Road (Hongxing Street-Urumqi Road and Urumqi Road-C315 Road segments) to retain the existing Fraxinus (Ash) trees

- A tree retention, replacement and augmentation plan for all project roads, detailing protection measures for existing trees, species for replacement and augmentation (including addition of evergreen tree species to augment the limited protection offered by deciduous trees (e.g. Platanus orientalis along Urumqi Road), densities and planting and initial maintenance schedules.

- A noise amelioration plan for all sensitive receptors identified in the IEE to be impacted by increased traffic noise (see Annex D) in consultation with the affected community, including confirmation of appropriate permanent measures (noise barriers, shutters/awnings, double glazed windows or combinations of these) for specific sites.

For the WWTP component: - A sludge management plan including different disposal

modes (mulch/fertilizer, compost) and contracts with farmers and agricultural suppliers for re-use or with the landfill operators for disposal; and haulage schedules.

For the public transport component: - development and implementation of a solid waste and

hazardous substances plan for the bus maintenance center covering storage, handling and disposal

PIUs, LDI PMO Included in design costs

30,000

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Item/Media Activity Impacts, risks and issues

Mitigation Measures Measures implemented by

Implementation of measures checked by

Source and Funding

protocols, including for large automotive batteries and power cells.

Inclusion of all requirements for adaptation to climate change in the CRVA into designs.

Finalize detailed designs for all infrastructure to include all agreed climate change adaptation design measures in final design, including: - Adjust water tariffs by implementing 5 types of water

tariff: residential, non-residential, special trade, landscaping, and fire services.

- Continue adoption of the “one water meter for each household” for full implementation over the next 5 years to improve equitable water distribution and management.

- Employ pipe network monitoring to detect and prevent pipeline leakage and seepage.

- Use pipes with good water tightness and long service life. Most pipes are PE and ductile iron, which are reliable materials. Replace existing PVC-U gray cast iron pipes, and target all pipes to be PE and ductile iron pipes in 5 years.

- Increase use of recycled water for greening irrigation to help combat rising temperatures in the city, reduce pressure on groundwater extraction and combat desertification.

- Maximize use of reclaimed wastewater to minimize desert disposal and reduce pressure on groundwater resources which are required for domestic supply.

- In greening areas use drought tolerant species to ensure that, in the event of temporary local water shortages, a proportion of the plantings will survive and provide a foundation for re-establishment of the landscaping.

- Retention and augmentation of all street trees to help combat rising temperatures in the city.

- Surfacing asphalt mix needs to withstand frost heave in winter and not liquefy and distort in projected hotter summer temperatures.

- Maximize access and flow of non-motorized vehicles, to reduce urban air pollution and heating along sidewalks.

- Investigate feasibility of purchase and maintenance of self-recovery electric buses to further reduce power consumption (kW/km) and thus GHG emissions.

- Increase bus fleet to replace all diesel-powered vehicles for public transport.

- Promote energy efficient building forms (conforming with GB 50189-2005 (Energy Conservation Design for

PIU, LDI PMO Included in design costs

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Item/Media Activity Impacts, risks and issues

Mitigation Measures Measures implemented by

Implementation of measures checked by

Source and Funding

Public Buildings)) and streetscapes in Tuancheng while retaining culturally appropriate architecture and neighborhood configurations.

Water safety planning - For the sources, supply and distribution of water from No.1 and 2 WSPs, prepare a Water Safety Plan in compliance with WHO guidelines to ensure water quality at all stages of conveyancing and distribution.

PIU, LDI PMO, LIEC Included in design costs

60,000

Resettlement Plans (RP)

Acquisition of land and assets for project construction

Temporary resettlement arrangements for Tuancheng Area 3

- Update RPs for each project output to required ADB and PRC standards.

- Establish a resettlement office comprising local government officials to manage the resettlement process.

- Conduct community consultation programs and ensure information is disseminated about entitlement based on the Land Administration Law.

- Ensure that all relocation and resettlement activities are completed before construction starts on any subproject.

PMO, PIUs External Resettlement Monitor

Included in the RP (financed by HCG)

2. Construction preparation stage

Prepare final version of environmental management measures (all components)

Update EMP - Review/revise EMP to assess if the current mitigation measures need to be updated due to any changes in the final engineering design, or as a result of any preparatory work undertaken before loan agreement. For changes in project locations, sites, or other changes that may cause new or greater environmental impacts or involve additional affected people:

- Where project components change in scale or location, the PMO will conduct additional environmental assessment and public consultation.

- The revised environmental assessment reports will be submitted to the PMO, EPB and ADB for approval and disclosure.

PMO-EO, LIEC PMO, ADB, PMO in-kind support, included in loan cost

Bidding documents and contractors

- Translate EMP into Chinese and distribute to all parties - Contract a Tendering Agency to ensure that the

provisions of this EMP are included in bidding documents;

- Include an environmental section in the technical specifications for bidders which lists EMP requirements;

- Ensure that construction contracts are responsive to EMP provisions and that mitigation and monitoring measures are adequately budgeted.

DIs, PIU-EM, LIEC

EA, PMO, ADB Included in design costs

Earthworks – cut and fill quantities (all components)

Uncoordinated bills of quantity for components

Preliminary cut and fill estimates indicate that overall no importation of fill material is required and only a small amount of surplus spoil will be accrued by project construction which can be used as covering material at the landfill. For this to occur, there must be:

PIUs PMO Included in design costs

9

Item/Media Activity Impacts, risks and issues

Mitigation Measures Measures implemented by

Implementation of measures checked by

Source and Funding

- Coordinated bills of quantities and materials planning among all project component works in detailed design

- Scheduling of works so that surplus spoil from one site can be used as fill in another, without long stockpiling. To include haulage routes and trip frequencies for materials.

- For sourcing any specialized aggregates for component works, only accredited quarry sites operating with formal environmental approvals will be used

- All identified quarries sites to be used during construction will approved by the PMO-EO.

Sludge stockpile at Hexi WWTP

Continued risk of site contamination

Removal and proper disposal of stockpiled WWTP sludge and clean-up of site before work commences on the project component (25,000 m3/d expansion unit)

PIU PMO, LIEC Included in design costs

Planning for construction waste management (all components)

Unauthorized and unmanaged disposal

- Before construction commences, sites for demolition and areas where previous demolition has left building rubble will be checked for asbestos and lead.

- Before construction commences, the anticipated amounts and nature of all wastes should be quantified and disposal sites with the capability of accepting the waste identified.

PIUs PMO Included in design costs

3 Site Environmental Management

Ensuring that each construction site has an overarching plan for environmental management addressing identified impacts. (all components)

Preparation of Site Management Plans

Develop Site Management Plans (SMP), responding to all relevant clauses and requirements of this EMP for construction safeguards. The plans will include: - Occupational and Community Safety Plans, - Emergency Response Plans - Work schedules for construction sites, - Erosion Control Plan, - Local traffic control plan. - Hazardous materials storage, handling and disposal

plan. Assign onsite environment engineer (OEE) for each construction site. PIUs and PMO review and approve each SMP

Contractor, PIU-EM

PMO-EO, LIEC Included in construction costs 10,000

Sensitive receptors of temporary impacts

At each planned construction site and in consultation with the local community, locate and identify nearby sensitive receptors, including all mosques, schools, medical facilities and residences within 40 m of noise and dust producing activity, and include them in each Site Management Plan for the implementation of temporary mitigation measures for noise and dust.

Contractor, PIU-EM

PMO-EO, LIEC Included in construction costs

Traffic management planning

Traffic disruption and traffic and pedestrian hazards during road

The traffic management plan for road component will include - sequential work scheduling (to ensure that only short

stretches are worked on at a time),

PIUs (Hetian Bureau of Housing and Urban-rural

PMO-EO, LIEC Included in design costs

10

Item/Media Activity Impacts, risks and issues

Mitigation Measures Measures implemented by

Implementation of measures checked by

Source and Funding

rehabilitation component

- provision for traffic and pedestrians which minimize disruption,

- provision of access to existing businesses and residences and

- safeguard measures to protect community health and safety.

The plan will be approved by the Loan Implementation Environment Consultant and the PMO Environmental Officer as well as the appropriate traffic authority.

Development, and the Hetian Yucheng Public Transport and Transportation Co)

Providing a formal, project-specific scheme for complaints to be received and addressed. (all components)

Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM)

- Establish GRM complaints center in the PMO and establish local access points;

- Brief and provide training to PIUs and contractors on GRM access points;

- Disclose GRM to affected people before construction begins through signage, web sites and notices in community centers.

PMO-EO PIU-EM LIEC

EA, ADB $3,000 (PMO central coordination and record-keeping)

Ensuring that staff of entities with environmental responsibilities are able to discharge them with understanding. (all components)

Training

- Provide training to PMO, PIUs, construction supervision companies and contractors on implementation and supervision of EMP, GRM, reporting, in compliance with training plan.

- Provide training to contractors on health and safety for workers and community

- Provide training to facility operators on operational environmental management.

- Provide capacity building training in specialist areas including water safety planning, sludge handling and reuse, and landscaping for noise and dust amelioration.

LIEC and LIC specialists

EA, ADB EMP Training costs

$22,000

Table EMP-7

B. Construction 1 Soil loss and stability

Excavation, earthworks, and site preparation (all components)

Soil erosion and sedimentation

Prepare and implement Soil Erosion Control Plan (showing how runoff will be controlled at site perimeter to control soil and water runoff, and how disturbed areas will be reclaimed) as part of the Site Management Plans. These will include; - preventing any runoff entering construction sites, and

diverting runoff from sites to existing drainage; - limiting construction and material handling during

periods of rains and high winds; - stabilizing all cut slopes, embankments, and other

erosion-prone working areas while works are going on; and

- stockpiles shall be placed in sheltered and guarded areas and spray water shall be applied during dry and windy weather conditions.

Contractor PIU-EM, CSCs LIEC

Included in construction costs 5,000

11

Item/Media Activity Impacts, risks and issues

Mitigation Measures Measures implemented by

Implementation of measures checked by

Source and Funding

Use of borrow pits and quarries (road components)

Soil erosion and sedimentation

- Use only official sites operated and managed by the local Construction Bureau

- Avoid sites with known contamination and/or erosionproblems

Contractor and pit operator

PIU-EM, PMO Included in construction costs

2 Hazardous Materials

Use of fuels and lubricants on site; spill accidents; and production of construction wastes (all components)

Soil and water contamination .

Site planning, management and safeguards (in the SMP) to include: - Storage facilities for fuels, oil, and other hazardous

materials within secured areas on impermeable surfaces, and provided with bunds and cleanup installations;

- Fuel supplier is properly licensed and follows the proper protocol for transferring fuel, and complies with JT 3145-88 (Transportation, Loading and Unloading of Dangerous or Harmful Goods).

- Vehicles and equipment are properly parked in designated areas to prevent contamination of soil and surface water.

- Vehicle, machinery, and equipment maintenance and refueling are carried out so that spilled materials do not seep into the soil or into water bodies.

- Fuel storage and refilling areas are located at least 300 m from canals, rivers and tributaries.

- Oil traps for service areas, and parking areas.

Contractors CSC, PIUs, PMO

Included in construction contracts 5,000

3 Surface and Groundwater

Runoff from water used in construction processes (all components)

Pollution of surface and groundwater resources

Implement site planning, management and safeguards (in the SMP) including: - Interception of all construction wastewater and site

runoff water - Sediment from construction wastewater and site runoff

water to be separated in sedimentation traps for use in dust spraying

- Sediment to be disposed at landfill - Site runoff water containing hazardous and harmful

materials (see below) to be treated separately from site runoff.

Contractors CSC, PIUs, PMO

Included in construction contracts 5,000

Necessary construction activities in Water Source Protection Zones (road and pipeline components)

Potential pollution of groundwater

For water pipe replacement in Zone 2 areas, implement the mitigation measures listed in the Site Management Plan for Zone 2 covering: - Control of all runoff and construction wastewater. - No refueling, machinery maintenance or storage of fuels,

lubricants, hydraulic fluids on site - No stockpiling of asphalt on site.

Contractors CSC, PIUs, PMO

Included in construction contracts 15,000

Road construction on Park Road West (road components)

Impacts from runoff on Kunlun Lake Park

Special measures to protect the environment of the park from accidental damage:

Contractors CSC, PIUs, PMO

Included in construction contracts

12

Item/Media Activity Impacts, risks and issues

Mitigation Measures Measures implemented by

Implementation of measures checked by

Source and Funding

- Strict control of the construction site to ensure no disturbance, access, stockpiling or equipment parks occur on the Kunlun Lake Park side of park road West.

- No stockpiling of excavated material - Control of all runoff and construction wastewater. All

runoff to be intercepted and directed away from the lake park

- No refueling, machinery maintenance or storage of fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids on site

- No stockpiling of asphalt or cement mixing on site.

5,000

4 Solid waste Solid waste accumulation from demolition, concrete formwork, packing and surplus building materials (all components)

Safety hazard and site management inefficiencies from waste accumulation. Reduction of neighborhood amenity from inappropriate disposal

- Install confined storage points of solid wastes away from sensitive receptors, regularly haul to an approved disposal site;

- Use licensed contractors to remove wastes from the construction sites;

- Prohibit burning of waste. - Provide appropriate waste storage containers for

workers’ municipal garbage and hazardous wastes. - If the pre-construction check has identified asbestos or

lead, licensed contractors will be engaged to manage disposal.

Contractor

PIU-EM, CSCs, LIEC

Included in construction contracts 20,000

5 Noise Permanent noise amelioration measures for project roads in midtown (road components)

Long term noise affecting sensitive receptors

From the final designs ofthe roads component. Implement the following permanent safeguard plans : - Tree augmentation plan for all project roads. Undertake

tree and shrub plantings as detailed in the plan- following its species, density and maintenance directions.

- For all sensitive receptors identified in the IEE to be impacted by increased traffic noise (see Annex D), implement the noise amelioration plan including construction of permanent measures (noise barriers, shutters/awnings, double glazed windows or combinations of these) along project roads.

O & M Unit, Traffic Bureau

PMO, ADB Civil works costs $250,000

Use of construction machinery on site and haulage vehicles bringing or removing materials (all components)

Noise impacts from construction activities

Implement Site Management Plan noise amelioration for sensitive receptors, in consultation with the local community: - Where schools, hospitals and residences are nearby a

construction activity, the construction unit will erect temporary noise barriers and reach an agreement with the facilities regarding heavy machinery work to avoid any unnecessary disturbances. This will be documented in the local site Management Plans.

- The scheduling of work will be included in the contractor’s Site Management Plan and this will be shared with local communities.

- Maintain equipment and machinery in good working order; undertake regular equipment maintenance,

Contractor

PIU-EM, CSCs, LIEC

Included in construction contracts 30,000

13

Item/Media Activity Impacts, risks and issues

Mitigation Measures Measures implemented by

Implementation of measures checked by

Source and Funding

ensure compliance with PRC standard of GB12523-2011;

- Operate between 0600H-2200H only and reach an agreement with PIUs management and nearby residents regarding the timing of heavy machinery work, to avoid any unnecessary disturbances; nighttime works should only be conducted in exceptional cases, and a permit should be obtained for that purpose;

- Inform potentially affected people including nearby residents, through advanced meaningful consultations;

- When work is planned near sensitive receptors, residents will be notified by the PIU and/or contractors and any site-specific concerns or working arrangements addressed.

- Prohibit noise-generating construction work between 2000 and 0600 hours.

- Avoid minority religious activities or festival (i.e., no construction allowed within 500 meters of any mosques during Friday prayer times, or during Muslim festivals).

- Avoid work during the college entrance examination period when working near schools

- If construction noise needs to continue into the night, the contractor must first consult with the PMO, PIU, and local communities and obtain their agreement.

- Locate sites for concrete-mixing and similar activities on 500m from any residences, schools and medical facilities and equip with noise barriers to ensure noise at boundaries complies with GB12523-2011;

- Disseminate information on procedure of handling noise complaints through the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM).

6 Ambient Air Wind-blown fugitive dust from unstabilized surfaces; dust from unloading and spreading soils and gravels; dust raised by haulage truck wheels and blowing off truck loads. (all components)

Dust pollution generated during construction, especially for roads, pipelines and utilities tunnel.

Contractor shall include all necessary measures to reduce air pollution and dust development that would impact the public health,by: - Regular water spraying at hauling and access roads to

borrow pits. The water spraying times shall be determined based on weather conditions. The basic principle is once during 09:00-10:30, once during 13:00-14:30 and once during19:00-20:30;

- Erecting dust shrouds around activities such as road cutting and scouring, rock and concrete breaking or crushing, and in areas where loose aggregate is unloaded or spread on site;

- Mounting protective canvasses on all trucks which transport material that could generatedust;

Contractor

PIU-EM, CSCs, LIEC

Included in construction contracts 5,000

14

Item/Media Activity Impacts, risks and issues

Mitigation Measures Measures implemented by

Implementation of measures checked by

Source and Funding

- Building access and hauling roads at sufficient distances from residential areas, particular, from local schools andhospitals;

- Construction vehicles and machinery shall be kept in good working order, regularly serviced and engines turned off when not inuse. High-horsepower equipment will be provided with tail gas purifiers. Atmospheric monitoring will be carried out during the construction period. All vehicle emissions will be in compliance with relevant PRC emission standards;

- Vehicles with an open load-carrying case, which transport potentially dust-producing materials,shallhaveproperfittingsidesandtailboards.Dust-pronematerialsshall not be loaded to a level higher than the side and tail boards, and shall always be covered with a strong tarpaulin;

- In periods of high wind (in excess of 10 m/s), dust-generating operations shall not be permitted within 200 m of residential areas. Special precautions need to be applied to road construction in the vicinity of sensitive receptors such as schools, kindergartens, mosques andhospitals;

- Material stockpiles and concrete mixing equipment will be equipped with dust shrouds and receive periodic spraying.

- Surplus spoil should be regularly removed from the project site to avoid the long term stockpiles. The height of stockpiles should be less than0.7m;

- Unauthorized burning of construction waste material shall be subject to penalties for the Contractor, and withholding ofpayment.

- Disseminate information on procedure of handling dust complaints through the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM).

Use of petrol and diesel engines on site. (all components)

Air emissions from construction vehicles and machinery

- Maintain vehicles and construction machineries to National V emission standard (MEP 2016).

Contractor

PIU-EM, CSCs, LIEC

Included in construction contracts

Traffic management (all components)

The project construction traffic might cause temporary traffic congestion, and inconvenience and

- Interim roads will be sited and managed to avoid traffic problems, and will be reinstated to their original condition on completion of construction.

- Transport and haulage routes will be selected to reduce disturbance to regular traffic, and construction vehicle movements will be minimized during peak periods.

Contractor

PIU-EM, CSCs, LIEC

Included in construction contracts

15

Item/Media Activity Impacts, risks and issues

Mitigation Measures Measures implemented by

Implementation of measures checked by

Source and Funding

safety issues to city residents

7 Physical cultural resources

Earthworks, site leveling and trenching. (all components)

Damage to unknown above or below-ground cultural relics

Establish chance-find procedures for physical cultural resources as follows; - If a new site is unearthed, work must be stopped

immediately and the PIU and local cultural relic bureau promptly notified,

- construction will resume only after a thorough investigation and with the permission of the appropriate authority.

Special provisions are required in the Tuancheng Area 3 constructions. This is an old and established Uyghur settlement area. Staff from the Hetian Cultural Affairs and Heritage office should regularly inspect excavations for unexpected finds or traces of previous site usage.

PIU, Contractor and Hetian Cultural Affairs and Heritage office

PIU-EM, CSCs, LIEC

Included in construction costs 5,000

8 Health and Safety All construction worker activities. (all components)

Occupational Health and Safety

Implement the Occupational Health and Safety Plan which is part of the Site Management Plan: - Construction site operations must comply with all PRC

State Administration of Worker Safety Laws and Regulations.

- Provide safe supply of clean water and an adequate number of latrines and other sanitary arrangements at the site and work areas, and ensure that they are cleaned and maintained in a hygienic state;

- Provide portable toilets which will be emptied and the contents transported by truck to the WWTP;

- Provide garbage receptacles at construction site and ensure that they are secure from rodents, insects and scavengers; are emptied regularly and do not overflow;

- Provide personal protection equipment (PPE) for workers in accordance with relevant health and safety regulations;

- Develop an emergency response plan to take actions on accidents and emergencies; document and report occupational accidents, diseases, and incidents; organize fully equipped first-aid base at each construction site (part of Site Management Plan);

- Establish Records Management System that will store and maintain easily retrievable records on occupational accidents, diseases, and incidents.

- Train all construction workers in basic sanitation and hygiene issues and on the specific hazards of their work;

Contractor

PIU-EM, CSCs, LIEC

Included in construction contracts 10,000

16

Item/Media Activity Impacts, risks and issues

Mitigation Measures Measures implemented by

Implementation of measures checked by

Source and Funding

- Posters drawing attention on site safety, rescue and industrial health regulations shall be made or obtained from the appropriate sources and will be displayed prominently in relevant areas of the site

Community activities at or around the site – pedestrians, vehicle drivers and passengers, and people accessing site. (all components)

Community Health and Safety

- At all times during construction, safe and convenient passage must be given for community vehicles, and pedestrians to and from side roads.

- Place signs around the construction areas to facilitate traffic movement, provide directions to various components of the works, and provide safety advice and warnings.

- At the end of each day, all sites and equipment will be made secure (through fencing and/or lock-down of equipment) to prevent public access.

- Assign personnel to direct pedestrians around dangerous work areas;

- Ensure that all sites are secure, discouraging access through appropriate fencing; place clear signs at construction sites in view of the people at risk (including workers and nearby communities), warning people of potential dangers such as moving vehicles, hazardous materials, excavations, and raising awareness on safety issues;

- Erect safety barricades around all excavations; - Return machinery to its overnight storage area/position; - Hold a public consultation meeting prior to commencing

construction to discuss issues associated with ensuring the safety of nearby communities in vicinity of the construction site.

- Plan and manage unavoidable utility services disruption and ensure public is adequately informed about interruptions.

- Posters drawing attention on site safety and rescue shall be displayed prominently in relevant areas of the site in bilingual. For children who may be curious and do not pay attention to potential risks, the safety measures will be taken to ensure these children’s parents or guardians maintaining safety awareness at all times.

Contractor

PIU-EM, CSCs, LIEC

Included in construction contracts 20,000

Health impacts from external worker-community interactions (all components)

Risk of HIV/AID/STI Implement measures to protect workers and nearby communities during construction. These include: - HIV/AIDS/STI and other communicable disease clauses

into contract bidding documents; - Public health and HIV/AIDS prevention education

program conducted to the civil works contractors and employees;

Contractor

PIU-EM, CSCs, LIEC

Included in construction contracts 2,000

17

Item/Media Activity Impacts, risks and issues

Mitigation Measures Measures implemented by

Implementation of measures checked by

Source and Funding

- Health measures for construction workers (e.g., adequate protective gear such as condoms will be provided to workers,) are established;

- Publicity activities on HIV/AIDS for both workers and local communities, e.g., brochures, posters and picture album.

Tuancheng Area 3 Urban Renewal

Dangers to workers and community

The Site Management Plan for Tuancheng Area 3 redevelopment construction must include, and implement, the following provisions: - Control of access and separation of pedestrians and

work sites. This will include temporary fencing and barriers around active work sites, open trenches and excavation, aerial hoists and cranes;

- Provision of safe routes through or around the site for the local community;

- Safety equipment for workers (helmets and eye protection at a minimum;

- Safety harnesses for workers at heights; - Emergency procedures for injuries and mishaps; - Appointment and empowerment of site OHS officers.

Contractor

PIU-EM, CSCs, LIEC

Included in construction contracts 10,000

Traffic disruption (road components)

Community Health and Safety

- Implement traffic control plan within and around project site and/orcommunities during construction, to be approved by local traffic management administration. The plan shall include provisions for diverting or scheduling construction traffic to avoid peak traffic hours, regulating traffic at road crossings with an emphasis on ensuring public safety through clear signage

Contractor and PIUs (Hetian Bureau of Housing and Urban-rural Development, and the Hetian Yucheng Public Transport and Transportation Co)

PMO, LIEC Included in construction costs 2,000

Activities disruption Community culture and religious

- the contractors should respect the culture, tradition, and custom of ethnic minorities in Hetian. They should be trained/educated to avoid conflicts. The booklets or other kind of guidance should be given the the workers. An appropriate construction schedule should be conducted to ensure that normal religious activities (Friday worship) should not be affected by the construction.

Contractor and PIUs

9 Unexpected environmental impacts

All site preparation and construction activities (all components)

Impacts and environmental risks not covered in IEE and EMP

- If unexpected environmental impacts occur during project construction phase, immediately inform the PMO; assess the impacts; and update the EMP

PIU PMO, LIEC Included in construction costs

C. Operation

18

Item/Media Activity Impacts, risks and issues

Mitigation Measures Measures implemented by

Implementation of measures checked by

Source and Funding

Road Components 1 Noise and air Impacts from trucks

and haulage vehicles Vehicle emissions - Maintain and intensify vehicle testing for compliance with

emission standards - Limit and ultimately prohibit the use heavy goods

vehicles within midtown area.

O & M Unit, Traffic Bureau

PMO, ADB Operating costs and operational contingency

2 Water Road surface drainage

Excessive pollutants in road drainage water

- In the first 3 years of operation, monitor quality of water from road drainage for contaminants

- Install silt and oil traps as appropriate.

O & M Unit, Traffic Bureau

PMO, ADB Operating costs and operational contingency In monitoring costs

Water Supply Pipeline Component 1 Water Water supply from

WSP 1 and 2. Supply of good quality water

Operator to continue routine monitoring of water quality to maintain compliance with Class II standard of Groundwater Quality Standard (GB3838-2002). Operator to implement water safety plan which complies with WHO Guidelines will be prepared and implemented by the Hetian Water Supply Company for all water supply plants linked to project-funded pipelines and covers - detection, risk assessment and corrective actions in

response to all sources of possible contamination of water in distribution

- verification schedules based upon a monitoring program which combines PRC Drinking Water Standards and WHO guidelines.

HCG, Water Supply Company

PMO and LIEC Ongoing government role

Wastewater Treatment Expansion Component 1 Solid waste WWTP sludge Inappropriate handling

and disposal of WWTP sludge

- Implementation of the sludge management plan, maximizing re-use of dewatered sludge in accordance with ADB 2012 report Promoting Beneficial Sludge Utilization in PRC.

- Undertake contractual arrangements with private sector and farmer groups to maximize sludge reuse..

O&M Unit PIU, PMO Operating costs and operational contingency

Public Transport Component 1 Water and soil Surface water,

groundwater and soil contamination

Inappropriate handling and disposal of hazardous material

Prepare and implement a set of procedures, policies and directives for the handling of hazardous material at the bus servicing facility which focus on good environmental practice. - Storage facilities for oil and chemicals will be within

secured areas on impermeable surfaces, provided with bunds and cleanup installations.

O&M Unit PIU, PMO Included in design and operating costs

19

Item/Media Activity Impacts, risks and issues

Mitigation Measures Measures implemented by

Implementation of measures checked by

Source and Funding

- Used materials will not be discarded or liquid waste directed into drains or anywhere into the surrounding environment.

- The proper storage, handling and disposal of these materials will be carried on in compliance with the Transportation, Loading and Unloading of Dangerous or Harmful Goods (JT 3145-88)

- the disposal of old and discarded batteries will be covered by strict regulations. A battery disposal plan will be prepared, including contracts with accredited specialist contractors who will accept batteries.

- Batteries will not be disposed of in landfill or incinerated. - Batteries will not be stored on site in excess of 30 days

and will be collected and disposed of only by accredited specialist contractors.

2 Community safety Bus movements Disturbance and safety issues from confluence of bus movements

- Finalize transport planning for the service center, bus routes and schedules, including environmental and community safety criteria in route planning and site traffic management planning before operations commence

- Ensure that routes for bus use of the facility and entry into the built-up area of Hetian and other residential neighborhood do not put undue pressure on individual roads or intersections.

O&M Unit PIU, PMO Included in design and operating costs

Obsolete buses Safe disposal of replaced buses

- Buses to be replaced will have their registration cancelled by the Public Security Bureau for sale to recycling enterprises.

O&M Unit PIU, PMO Included in design and operating costs

3 Energy Security Electric bus charging Drain on power grid from unmanaged charging

- In consultation with power companies, prepare and implement a comprehensive charging schedule so that during peak load periods during winter months, multiple simultaneous charging will not impact adversely on the city power supply.

PIU, O&M Unit PMO, HCG Included in design and operating costs

Operational Health and Safety 1 Occupational and Community health

Hazardous materials Operational storage, handling and disposal of hazardous materials

The storage, handling and disposal of all hazardous materials will be in compliance with Transportation, Loading and Unloading of Dangerous or Harmful Goods (JT 3145-88). - Where, due to security precautions, some hazardous

materials (such as chlorine for disinfection at WWTP and WSPs) cannot be stored on site and must be ordered as needed, facilities will ensure that their suppliers conform with the standards.

O&M Units PIU, PMO, LIEC (until PCR)

Included in operating costs

Hazardous working areas

Bus maintenance area (hoists, heavy weights, boiler room)

For work areas with potential hazards, operating units will develop and implement safe work protocol . These will be publicized and implemented through formal and on-the-job

O&M Units PIU, PMO, LIEC (until PCR)

Included in operating costs

20

Item/Media Activity Impacts, risks and issues

Mitigation Measures Measures implemented by

Implementation of measures checked by

Source and Funding

WWTP (chlorinator room and sludge handling WSPs (chlorinator room)

training, clear signage and procedures manuals and regular monitoring of work practices.

Emergency planning Plan, facilities and readiness for emergencies

An emergency preparedness and response plan will be formulated and put in place for the project-funded built facilities (Hexi WWTP and the bus servicing center) before they become operational. - The emergency preparedness and response plans will

use the provisions of the XUAR plan and address, training, resources, responsibilities, communication, procedures, and other aspects required to respond effectively to likely emergencies.

- Appropriate information about emergency preparedness and response activities, resources, and responsibilities will be disclosed to affected communities.

O&M Units PIU, PMO, LIEC (until PCR)

Operating costs and operational contingency

ADB = Asian Development Bank; DI = Design Institute(s); hh = households, LIEC = Loan Implementation Environmental Consultant; PMO = Project Management Office; EA = Executive Agency; PIU = Project Implementing Unit; EMP = Environmental Management Plan; EPB = Environment Protection Bureau, O&M = Operations and Maintenance..

21

C. Monitoring and reporting 17. Three types of project monitoring will be conducted under the EMP.1

(i) Project readiness monitoring. To be conducted by theLIEC. (ii) Project impact monitoring. To be conducted by: (a) the Hetian Environmental

Monitoring Station (HEMS) contracted by HPMO; and (b) the contractors, who will be required to conduct frequent noise and air quality monitoring around construction sites and to report monitoring results in the framework of their monthly progress reports to HPMO, PIUs andEM.

(iii) Independent evaluation. To be conducted by the External Monitor (EM) contracted by HPMO and LIEC (from loan implementation consulting services). To verify EMP compliance during projectimplementation.

18. ADB will oversee project compliance on the basis of the semi-annual environmental monitoring reports during construction and annual environmental monitoring reports during initial operation (up until Project Completion Report) provided by HPMO and site visits. Monitoring and reporting arrangements defined for this project are describedbelow. 19. Project readiness monitoring. Before construction, the LIEC will assess the project’s readiness in terms of environmental management based on a set of indicators (Table EMP-3) and report it to ADB and HPMO. This assessment will demonstrate that environmental commitments are being carried out and environmental management systems are in place before construction starts, or suggest corrective actions to ensure that all requirements aremet.

1 In addition to project-specific monitoring, HEPB will conduct independent ambient and/or enforcement monitoring as per national requirements and its operational mandate. This is separate to, and not funded by, the project.

22

Table EMP-3: Project Readiness Assessment Indicators Indicator Criteria Assessment

EMPupdate EMP was updated after technical detailed design (if required) and approved byADB

Yes No

Compliance with loancovenants

The borrower complies with loan covenants related to pre-construction project component designs and environmental managementplanning

Yes No

Public involvement effectiveness

Meaningful consultationcompleted Yes No

GRM established with entrypoints Yes No

Environmental Supervision inplace

Loan implementation environmental consultant (LIEC) is inplace Yes No

Staff environment officers appointed by HPMO andPIUs External Monitor (EM) contracted byHPMO

Yes No

Environment monitoring station contracted byHPMO Yes No

Bidding documents and contracts with environmental safeguards

Bidding documents and contracts incorporating the environmental activities and safeguards listed as loanassurances

Yes No

Bidding documents and contracts incorporating the impact mitigation and environmental management provisions of theEMP

Yes No

Environmental requirements of EMP included in contract documents for constructioncontracts

Yes No

EMPfinancialsupport The required funds have been budgeted for EMPimplementation Yes No

20. Project impact monitoring. Table EMP-4 shows the environmental impact monitoring program designed for this project, defining the scope, location, parameter, duration and frequency, and responsible agencies, for monitoring during the construction and operational stages. Internal environmental monitoring will include monitoring of air quality, noise, and water quality. For air, noise, and water, the monitoring during construction and operation will be conducted by HEMS contracted byHPMO. 21. The monitoring results will be compared with relevant PRC performance standards (Table EMP-5). Non-compliance with these standards will be highlighted in the monitoring reports. Monitoring results will be (i) submitted by HEMS to HPMO, PIUs and EM on a monthly basis, and (ii) then reported by HPMO to ADB in semi-annual environmental monitoring reports (for construction) and annual environmental monitoring reports (for operations). See TableEMP-6.

23

Table EMP-4: Environmental Monitoring Program

Item Parameter Monitoring Location Monitoring Frequency and Duration

Who Implements

Who Supervises

Cost ($)

Construction Stage Impact monitoring Dust and noise

TSP, sound level in average dB (hour)

At each construction site boundary

One 24-hr continuous sampling period each week, during construction activity

CSC and contractor

PIU, EM Included in construction

cost

Surface water quality

SS, petroleum products

Construction wastewater released from construction sites

Once day per week during construction activity

CSC and contractor

PIU, EM Included in construction

cost

External (independent) monitoring Dust and noise

TSP, sound level in average dB (hour)

At nearest sensitive receptor for each construction site;

1 day (24-hr continuous sampling) per month during construction activity

HEMS PIU, EM 30,000

Ground-water

pH, COD, BOD, NH3-N, TN, TP, E.coli, total turbidity, sulfate, chloride, Hg, Pb, Fl, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn.

WSP 1 and WSP 2 wells throughout period of construction work in Zones 1 and 2 of Water Source Protection Zones

Weekly WSP operators and HEMS

PIU, EPB and EM

$50,000

Surface water quality

SS, petroleum products

At nearest waterbody downslope of road construction and water supply pipe-laying.

2 times per week at each site during construction activity.

HEMS PIU, EM 10,000

Operational Stage Impact monitoring Dust and Noise

Visual inspection for dust in household areas. Average dB (hour)measure for noise

At nearest sensitive receivers along project roads.

1 day per month for first 3 years of operation.

Roads O&M Unit

PIU, EM 5,000

Surface water quality

SS, petroleum products

Representative surface drainage points for each project road

Once every six months for first 3 years of operation.

Roads O&M Unit

PIU, EM 5,000

Street trees

Plantings of trees and shrubs % survival and replacement

Along all project roads

Semi-annually for first 3 years of operation.

Roads O&M Unit

PIU, EM Included in O&M budget

Treated wastewater quality

pH, Color / degree, SS, CODcr, BOD5 , Ammonia nitrogen, TP, TN, DO, Total

Discharge point from Hexi WWTP

Monthly for first year of operation then Semi-annually until PCR

WWTP operator

PIU, EM Included in O&M budget

24

Item Parameter Monitoring Location Monitoring Frequency and Duration

Who Implements

Who Supervises

Cost ($)

coliform plus residual chlorine.

Drinking water quality

pH, DO, COD, BOD5, N-NH3, TP, TN, Cu, Zn, Fl, Se, Ar, Hg, Cd, Cr, Pb, SO3, faecal coliforms, SO4, Cl, Fe, Mn

At water outlet points at WSP 1 and 2.

Weekly. Ongoing monitoring.

WSP operators

PIU, EM Included in O&M budget

External (independent) monitoring Noise, and dust

TSP, sound level in average dB (hour)

At sensitive receivers along newly rehabilitated roads. (listed in Annex D)

Quarterly until PCR stage HEMS PIU, EM 10,000

Surface water quality

SS, petroleum products

Four drainage points around bus servicing center

Once every six months for first 3 years of operation.

HEMS PIU, EM 5,000

Treated wastewater quality

pH, Color / degree, SS, CODcr, BOD5 , Ammonia nitrogen, TP, TN, DO, Total coliform plus residual chlorine.

Sampling points at greening irrigation areas and inlet for cooling water at Huawei power plant.

Monthly for first year of operation then Semi-annually until PCR

HEMS PIU, EM 20,000

Total estimated cost: 135,000 EM = external monitor, HEMS = Hetian Environmental Monitoring Station; EPB = Environment protection Bureau; O&M = Operation and Maintenance; PMO = Project Management Office; PIU = Project Implementing Unit, WSP = water supply plant

Table EMP-5: Monitoring Indicators and Applicable PRC Standards Phase Indicator Standard

Construction Dust and noise at construction site boundary

Emission Standard of Environmental Noise for Boundary of Construction Site (GB 12523-2011)

Dust and noise at sensitive receptors

Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-1996) Environmental Quality of Noise Standard (GB3096-2008)

Groundwater quality Environmental Quality Standard for Groundwater (GB/T14848-93) Surface water quality Surface Water Ambient Quality Standard (GB3838－2002)

Operation Dust and noise at sensitive receptors

Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-1996) Environmental Quality of Noise Standard (GB3096-2008)

Treated wastewater Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB 3838-2002) Drinking Water National Drinking Water Quality Standard (GB 5749-2006) Street trees and screening vegetation

Survival rate of planted vegetation >75%

22. Independent evaluation. Independent evaluation of EMP implementation will be undertaken by the EM and LIEC. The budget for the EM is estimated at $100,000. The budget for the LIEC will be included in the Loan Implementation Consulting services (estimated $71,000). HPMO will report the LIEC’s and EM’s independent evaluation to ADB on the project’s adherence to the EMP, information on project implementation, environmental performance of the contractors, and environmental compliance through semi-annual environmental monitoring

25

reports(construction) and annual environmental monitoring reports (operation). See Table EMP-6. The LIEC and EM will support HPMO in developingtheenvironmental monitoring reports. The reports should confirm the project’s compliance with the EMP and local legislation (including the PRC’s EIA requirements), the results of evaluation (both contractor compliance with the EMP and the results of environmental monitoring by the HEMS), identify any environment related implementation issues and necessary corrective actions, and reflect these in a corrective action plan. Operation and performance of the project GRM, environmental institutional strengthening and training, and compliance with all covenants under the project will be included in the report. 23. Monitoring by ADB. Besides reviewing the environment monitoring reports from HPMO and the verification reports from the LIEC and EM, ADB missions will inspect the project progress and implementation on site at least once a year. For environmental issues, inspections will focus mainly on (i) monitoring data; (ii) the implementation status of project performance indicators specified in the loan documents for the environment, environmental compliance, implementation of the EMP, and environmental institutional strengthening and training; (iii) the environmental performance of contractors, LIEC, and HPMO; and (iv) operation and performance of the project GRM. The performance of the contractors in respect of environmental compliance will be recorded and will be considered in the next bidevaluations. 24. Environmental acceptance monitoring and reporting. Following the PRC Regulation on Project Completion Environmental Audit (MEP, 2001), within three months after the completion of each project component, an environmental acceptance monitoring and audit report for the component shall be prepared by a licensed environmental monitoring institute. The report will be reviewed and approved by HEPB, and then reported to ADB (Table EMP-6). The environmental acceptance reports of the component completions will indicate the timing, extent, effectiveness of completed mitigation and of maintenance, and the needs for additional mitigation measures and monitoring duringoperations.

Table EMP-6: Reporting Plan Reports From To Frequency

Construction Phase Internal progress reports by contractors

Internal project progress report by construction contractors, including monitoring results

Contractors HPMO, PIUs, EM Monthly

Internal environmental monitoring

Environmental monitoring report HEMS HEPB, HPMO PIUs, EM

Monthly

Environment progress and monitoring reports HPMO ADB Semi-annually Project progress Progress and monitoring report HPMO ADB Quarterly Independent environmental monitoring

External environmental monitoring report EM ADB Annually

Acceptance report Environmental acceptance monitoring and audit report

Licensed institute

HEPB Once; within 3 months of

completion of physical works

Operational Phase Internal environmental monitoring

Environmental monitoring report HEMS HEPB, HPMO

Annually

Independent environmental monitoring

External environmental monitoring report EM ADB Annually

Project progress Progress and monitoring report HPMO ADB Semi-annually D. Institutional capacity development and training

26

25. The capacity of HPMO, PIUs, O&M units and contractors’ staff responsible for EMP implementation and supervision will be strengthened. All parties involved in implementing and supervising the EMP must have an understanding of the goals, methods, and practices of project environmental management. The project will address the lack of capacities and expertise in environmental management through (i) institutional capacity development, and (ii)training. 26. Institutional capacity development. The capacities of the HPMO, PIUs and O&M units to coordinate environmental management will be strengthened through the following measures:

(i) The appointment of at least one qualified environment officer within the HPMO staff to be in charge of EMP coordination, implementation and site inspections includingGRM.

(ii) The commission of an independent EM by HPMO to provide independent monitoring and verification of EMPimplementation

(iii) The appointment of a LIEC under the loan implementation consultancy to guide HPMO and PIUs in implementing the EMP and ensure compliance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS2009).

27. Training. HPMO, PIUs, contractors and O&M units will receive training in EMP implementation, supervision, and reporting, on the Grievance Redress Mechanism and specialist environmental management applicable to the project components (Table EMP-7). Training will be facilitated by the LIEC with support of other experts under the loan implementation consultant services. The budget for training cost is estimated to be $22,000.

Table EMP-7: Training Program Training Attendees Contents Times Period

(days) No. of persons

Cost ($/person/day)

Total Cost

EMP adjustment and implementation

HPMO, PIUs, O&M units, contractors

Development and adjustment of the EMP, roles and responsibilities, monitoring, supervision and reporting procedures, review of experience (after 12 months)

Twice - Once prior to, and once after the first year of project implementation

2 30 100 $6,000

Grievance Redress Mechanism

HPMO, PIUs, contractors, HEPB

Roles and responsibilities, Procedures, review of experience (after 12 months)

Twice - Once prior to, and once after the first year of project implementation

2 15 100 $3,000

Environmental protection

HPMO, PIUs, contractors

Pollution control on construction sites (air, noise, wastewater, solid waste)

Once (during project implementation)

2 15 100 $3,000

Environmental monitoring

HPMO, PIUs, O&M units, contractors

Monitoring methods, data collection and processing, reporting systems

Once (at beginning of project construction)

1 10 100 $1,000

Specialist Training Water safety planning

HPMO, PIUs, O&M units

WHO guidelines. Detection, risk assessment and corrective actions in response to contamination of water

During construction and before operation

2 10 100 $2,000

WWTP Operation HPMO, PIU, O&M unit

Operation and maintenance of new plant equipment and the accompanying process control procedures

During construction and before operation

2 15 100 $3,000

Sludge handling and reuse,

HPMO, PIU, O&M unit

Based on ADB 2012 report Promoting Beneficial Sludge Utilization in PRC. Also

During construction and before operation

2 10 100 $2,000

27

Training Attendees Contents Times Period (days)

No. of persons

Cost ($/person/day)

Total Cost

covertypes of contractual arrangements with private sector and farmer groups will be sought for sludge reuse

Landscaping for noise and dust amelioration

HPMO, PIUs, O&M units

Noise and dust attenuation with vegetation. Review of species and densities

During detailed design phase

2 10 100 $2,000

Bus fleet management

HPMO, PIUs, O&M units

Route planning maintenance and charging schedules

During construction and before operation

2 5 100 Project TA*

Total: $22,000 * included in the Project’s Transaction TA. E. Consultation, Participation and Information Disclosure 28. Consultation during Project Preparation. Chapter VII of the IEE describes the public participation and consultation implemented during projectpreparation. 29. Future Public Consultation Plan. Plans for public involvement during construction and operation stages were developed during project preparation. These include public participation in (i) monitoring impacts and mitigation measures during the construction and operation stages;(ii) evaluating environmental and economic benefits and social impacts; and (iii) interviewing the public after the project is completed. These plans will include several types of public involvement, including site visits, workshops, investigation of specific issues, interviews, and public hearings (Table EMP-8). The budget for public consultation is estimated to be $9,000.

Table EMP-8: Public Consultation Plan Organizer Format No. of Times Subject Attendees Budget

Pre-Construction St HPMO, PIUs

and contractors

Public consultation & site visit

1 time before construction commences

Agreement with affected persons and sensitive receivers on heavy machinery work. Consultation on safety of nearby communities.

Affected persons in impacts zone of construction activities

$1,000

Construction Stage HPMO, PIUs and contractors

Public consultation & site visit

3 times: 1 time each year during construction

Adjusting of mitigation measures, if necessary; construction impact; comments and suggestions

Residents adjacent to components, representatives of social sectors

$3,000

HPMO, PIUs and contractors

Expert workshop / press conference

As needed based on public consultation

Comments / suggestions on mitigation measures, public opinions

Experts of various sectors, media

$2,000

Operational Stage HPMO, O&M Units

Public consultation and site visits

Once in the first year Effectiveness of mitigation measures, impacts of operation, comments and suggestions

Residents adjacent to component sites, social sectors

$1,500

HPMO, O&M Units

Public satisfaction survey

Once at PCR stage Public satisfaction with EMP implementation. Comments and suggestions

Residents in project areas

$1,500

Total budget: $9,000 Notes: HPMO = Hetian Project Management Office; O&M = operation and maintenance.

F. Grievance Redress Mechanism 30. A Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) will be established as part of this EMP to receiveandmanageanypublicconcernsorissueswhichmayariseduetotheproject.TheGRM

28

comprises: (i) a set of clear procedures developed by the HPMO to receive, record, and address any concerns which are lodged; (ii) specific contact individuals at the HPMO and PIUs, and (iii) the HEPB. 31. All contractors and work staff will be briefed by the HPMO on the GRM. Contractors and workers will be instructed to be courteous to local residents and, in the event they are approached by the general public with an issue, to immediately halt their work and report the issue to the foreman. The foreman will immediately report the issue to PIUs or HPMO for action. 32. Multiple means of using this mechanism, including face-to-face meetings, written complaints, hotline number and telephone conversations, anonymous drop-boxes for written comments, and/or e-mail, will be available. All concerns received will be treated confidentially and professionally. The identity of individuals will not be circulated among project agencies or staff and will only be shared with senior staff, and then only when there is clear justification. In the construction period and the initial operational period covered by loan covenants, the HPMO will report progress to the ADB, and this will include reporting complaints and theirresolution.

33. Contact points for the PIUs are set out in Table EMP-9 below.

Table EMP-9: Contact points for the PIUs

Subproject Responsibility Contact person name Contact information HPMO All components Gulnar Jielili 13289011730 HEPB All components Hao Jun 15009041837 PIUs Road component Yang Yanling 15109906618 Water supply component Zhang Lixin 15886871111 WWTP component Zhang Lixin 15886871111 Water reuse component Zhang Lixin 15886871111 Utility tunnel component Zhang Lixin 15886871111 Public transport component Yang Yanling 15109906618 Tuancheng Reconstruction Bai Lingli 15999389968

34. Basic steps for resolving complaints are as follows and illustrated in FigureEMP-1.

Step 1: For environmental problems during the construction stage, the affected person (AP) can register his/her complaint directly with the contractors, or through the GRM access points (HPMO complaint center hotline, PIUs, HEPB hotline). Contractors are required to designate a person in charge of handling complaints, and advertise the contact number at the main entrance to each construction site, together with the hotline number of the HPMO complaint center. Where the contractor is the first to receive a complaint it should immediately contact the HPMO complaint center. The HPMO complaint center will assess the eligibility of the complaint,identifythesolutionandprovideaclearreplyforthecomplainantwithinfive (5) working days2. Complaints related to land acquisition and resettlement issues will be directed to the relevant agencies in accordance with the resettlement GRM. Meanwhile,

2 The LIEC will assist the HPMO complaint center in addressing the complaint, and replying to the affected person.

29

the HPMO complaint center will convey the complaint/grievance and suggested solution to the contractors, PIUs and/or facility operator for corrective action. The contractors are required to maintain and update a Complaint Register to document all complaints. The contractors are also required to respond to the complainant in writing within 7 calendar days on their proposed solution and how it will be implemented. If the problem is resolved and the complainant is satisfied with the solution, the grievance handling ends. The contractors are required to report complaints received, handled, resolved and unresolved to the HPMO complaint center immediately, and to PIUs and HPMO monthly (through progressreporting).

Step 2: If no appropriate solution can be found during step 1, the contractor has the obligation to forward the complaint to the PIU. The AP may also decide to submit a written or oral complaint to the PIU or HEPB, by- passing step 1. Once again, the PIU or EPB will alert the HPMO complaints center to the complaint. The PIU will coordinate its response with the HPMO (and EPB if involved). The contractors during construction and the facility operator during operation will implement the agreed upon redress solution and report the outcome to the HPMO complaint center within fifteen (15) workingdays.

Step 3: In case no solution can be identified by the HPMO complaint center, contractor or PIU, or if the complainant is not satisfied with the proposed solution, the HPMO complaint center will organize, within two (2) weeks, a multi-stakeholder hearing (meeting) involving all relevant stakeholders (including the complainant, contractors, facility operator, HEPB, PIU). The hearing shall identify a solution acceptable to all, and formulate an action plan.

35. The tracking and documenting of grievance resolutions by the HPMOcomplaint center will include the following elements: (i) tracking forms and procedures for gathering information from project personnel and complainant(s); (ii) regular updating; (iii) processes for informing stakeholders about the status of a case; and (iv) procedures to retrieve data for reporting purposes, including the periodic reports to theADB. 36. At any time, an affected person may contact ADB (East Asia Department) directly, including the ADB Resident Mission in thePRC. 37. If the above steps are unsuccessful, persons who are, or may in the future be, adversely affected by the project may submit complaints to ADB’s Accountability Mechanism. 3 The Accountability Mechanism provides an independent forum and process whereby people adversely affected by ADB-assisted projects can voice, and seek a resolution of their problems, as well as report alleged violations of ADB‘s operational policies and procedures. Before submitting a complaint to the Accountability Mechanism, affected people should make a good faith effort to solve their problems by working through the GRM process and if necessary with the concerned ADB operations department. Only after doing that, and if they are still dissatisfied, should they approach the Accountability Mechanism.

3See: http://compliance.adb.org/.

30 Appendix 3

30

Figure EMP-1: Proposed Grievance Redress Mechanism

G. Cost Estimates 38. The total cost for EMP implementation comprises four items: (i) mitigation measures included in design, construction and O&M casts (Table EMP-2), (ii) impact monitoring by HEMS and external independent EMP compliance monitoring by EM (Table EMP-4), (iii) training (Table EMP-7), and (iv) public consultation (Table EMP- 8). A summary of identified costs is at Table EMP-10. Table EMP-10. Estimated cost (US$) of implementing the EMP over Five Years. See Tables EMP-2,

EMP-4, EMP-7 and EMP-8 for details of activities. Item Total cost 5 years PMO PIUs Contractors

MITIGATION (Table EMP-2) PRE-CONSTRUCTION Design incorporating special env. measures 30,000 30,000 Water Safety Plan 60,000 60,000 GRM 3,000 3,000 Risk assessment (works in Water Protection Zone) 5,000 5,000 Site Management Plans 10,000 10,000 CONSTRUCTION Civil works for noise amelioration along roads 250,000 250,000 Soil erosion 5,000 5,000 Construction wastewater 5,000 5,000 Handling hazardous materials 5,000 5,000

31

Item Total cost 5 years PMO PIUs Contractors

Water Source Protection 10,000 10,000 Kunlun Park protection (utilities tunnel) 5,000 5,000 Construction waste management 20,000 20,000 Noise and vibration 30,000 30,000 Dust management 5,000 5,000 Occupational health and safety 10,000 10,000 Community safety 20,000 20,000 HIV/AIDS/STI safeguards 2,000 2,000 Tuancheng Site health and safety 10,000 10,000 Traffic management 2,000 2,000 Physical cultural resources 5,000 5,000

Sub-total 492,000 3,000 100,000 389,000 MONITORING (Table EMP-4) CONSTRUCTION External monitoring (HEMS) Dust and noise 30,000 30,000 Groundwater quality 50,000 50,000 Surface water quality 10,000 10,000 OPERATION Impact monitoring Noise (roads) 5,000 5,000 Surface water quality 5,000 5,000 External monitoring (HEMS) Noise and dust 10,000 10,000 Surface water 5,000 5,000 Treated wastewater 20,000 20,000

Sub-total 135,000 0 135,000 0 TRAINING (Table EMP-7) EMP implementation 8,000 8,000 GRM 3,000 3,000 Environment protection 3,000 3,000 Environmental monitoring 1,000 1,000 Water safety planning 2,000 2,000 Sludge reuse 2,000 2,000 Landscaping for noise and dust 2,000 2,000 Bus fleet management 1,000 1,000

Sub-total 22,000 22,000 0 0 Public Consultation (Table EMP-8) Construction phase 6,000 6,000 Initial operations phase 3,000 9,000

Sub-total 9,000 9,000 0 0

GRAND TOTAL US$ 658,000 34,000 235,000 389,000 Total CNY (USD1=CNY6.887) 4,531,646 234,158 1,618,445 2,679,043 Proportion of total (%) 100.00% 5.17% 35.71% 59.12%

GRM = Grievance Redress Mechanism; HEMS = Hetian Environmental Monitoring Station. 39. Excluded from the budget are (i) infrastructure costs which relate to environment and public health but which are already included in the project direct costs and (ii) fees for LIEC , (iii) contract for EM, (iv) remuneration for the HPMO environmentalofficer, (v) consulting packages for the capacity building and non-structural sub-components, and (vi) technical experts on

32 Appendix 3

32

equipment operation and maintenance (covered elsewhere in the projectbudget). 40. HPMO will bear all internal environmental impact monitoring costs during the construction stage and contracting of EM for independent monitoring and verification of EMP implementation. The O&M units will bear all internal monitoring costs during the operational stage. Contractors will bear the costs for all mitigation measures during construction, including those specified in the tender and contract documents as well as those to mitigate unforeseen impacts due to their construction activities. The O&M units will bear the costs related to mitigation measures duringoperation. H. Mechanisms for Feedback and Adjustment 41. The EMP is a living document. The need to update and adjust the EMP will be reviewed when there are design changes, changes in construction methods and program, unfavorable environmental monitoring results or inappropriate monitoring locations, and ineffective or inadequate mitigation measures. Based on environmental monitoring and reporting systems in place, HPMO (with the support of the LIEC) shall assess whether further mitigation measures are required as corrective action, or improvement in environmental management practices are required. HPMO will inform ADB promptly on any changes to the project and needed adjustments to the EMP. The updated EMP will be submitted to ADB for review and approval, and will be disclosed on the ADB and HCG projectwebsite.

ANNEX A. DRAFT TERMS OF REFERENCE: PMO ENVIRONMENTAL OFFICER (PMO-EO)

I. BACKGROUND 1. Development projects which are assisted by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) routinely require the establishment of a Project Management Office (PMO). The PMO is responsible for project implementation. Compliance with the Loan and Project Agreements includes implementation of an Environment Management Plan (EMP), which is prepared as part of the project environment impact assessment. The EMP is the critical guiding document to manage, monitor, and report upon potential project environmental impacts. Implementation of the EMP is a full-time task. For this reason, the PMO assigns a full-time officer for this role. These terms of reference describe the requirements for this officer.

II. SCOPE AND DURATION OF WORK 2. The officer will work on behalf of the PMO to implement the project EMP. The officer will report directly to the PMO. The position is for the entire project duration (five years).

III. QUALIFICATIONS 3. The officer will have: (i) an undergraduate degree or higher in environmental management or related field; (ii) at least five years of experience in environmental management, monitoring, and/or impact assessment; (iii) ability to communicate and work effectively with local communities, contractors, and government agencies; and (iv) ability to analyze data and prepare technical reports. Desirable, but not essential, is a proficiency in spoken and written English.

IV. DETAILED TASKS 4. The PMO Environmental Officer will have a detailed understanding of the project EMP and supporting documents, including the domestic environmental reports, the project EIA, and project environmental assurances. The officer will have the following tasks.

(i) Assess whether the EMP requires updating due to any changes in project design which may have occurred after the EMP was prepared.

(ii) Distribute the Chinese language version of the EMP to all relevant agencies, including the implementing agencies, provincial and municipal agencies for environment protection. This should occur at least three months before construction begins.

(iii) Conduct meetings with agencies as necessary to ensure they understand their specific responsibilities described in the EMP.

(iv) Ensure that relevant mitigation, monitoring and reporting measures in the EMP are included in the bidding documents, contracts and relevant construction plans.

(v) Confirm that the Project Implementing Units (PIUs) responsible, through their contractors, for the internal environment monitoring described in the EMP understand their tasks and will implement the monitoring in a timely fashion.

(vi) At least two months before construction begins, establish and implement the project Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) described in the EMP. This will include: (a) prepare a simple table and budget identifying the type, number and cost of materials

needed to inform local communities about the GRM and starting dates and scope of construction; (b) design, prepare and distribute these materials, and plan and conduct the community meetings; (c) prepare a form to record any public complaints; (d) prepare a summary table to record all complaints, including dates, issues, and how they were resolved; and (e) ensure that all relevant agencies, including contractors, understand their role in the GRM.

(vii) Prior to construction, ensure that PIUs and their contractors have informed their personnel, including all construction workers, of the EMP requirements. This will include all site planning, special plans, mitigation measures relating to impacts to air, water, noise, soil, sensitive sites, ecological values, cultural values, worker and community health and safety, respectful behavior when communicating with local communities, and responding to and reporting any complaints.

(viii) During project construction, make regular site visits with LIEC to assess progress, meet with contractors and/or local communities, and assess compliance with the EMP.

(ix) Ensure that all relevant agencies submit required progress reports and information, including environmental monitoring and reports of any issues or grievances.

(x) Compile, review, and store environmental progress reports from the IAs, records of any grievances, and any other relevant issues. Maintain digital copies of all information. When necessary, enter data into summary tables in digital format (e.g. to transfer records of grievances from hard copy forms). Ensure that all information is stored in the PMO filing system, backed up, and can be easily retrieved.

(xi) Prepare environment progress reports for ADB.

(xii) Work closely with the PMO, IAs, loan implementation consultants, and other agencies and personnel as necessary to conduct these tasks.

V. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS Annual environment monitoring reports, using the template provided by ADB or a

domestic format reviewed and approved by ADB.

VI. LOGISTICAL SUPPORT PROVIDED BY PMO TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL OFFICER (i) Provision of hard and soft copies of the project EMP, domestic and project environmental

reports, feasibility study reports, loan and project agreements, maps, and other supporting materials as necessary to ensure the officer can implement the tasks.

(ii) Vehicle transport, office materials, and other logistical support as necessary for the officer to visit the project construction sites and local communities, arrange and conduct meetings, and prepare and distribute consultation materials.

(iii) Overall coordination, including review of the draft annual monitoring reports and final responsibility for submission of the monitoring reports to ADB.

ANNEX B. DRAFT TERMS OF REFERENCE: LOAN IMPLEMENTATION ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANT (LIEC)

I. BACKGROUND 1. Implementation of the Project will be overseen and coordinated by a Project Management Office (PMO). The PMO will be assisted by a Loan Implementation Consultant team. The Loan Implementation Environmental Consultants (LIEC) will be a part of this team and will assist the PMO with implementation of the project Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

II. SCOPE AND DURATION OF WORK 2. This position could be a firm or individuals (one national, 8 person-months) engaged by the PMO. It is not part of the PMO in-house environmental specialist or the PIUs. The consultant will report directly to the PMO. The position is for the entire project duration (5 years). The LIEC should be recruited as soon as possible after loan effectiveness, as the first task is to confirm project environmental readiness (Table EMP-3).

III. QUALIFICATIONS 3. The consultant will have: (i) a Masters degree or higher in environmental management or related field; (ii) at least five years of experience in environmental management, monitoring, and/or impact assessment; (iii) familiarity with ADB project management requirements and national environmental management procedures; (iv) ability to communicate and work effectively with local communities, contractors, and government agencies; (v) ability to analyze data and prepare technical reports; and (vi) proficiency in spoken and written English.

IV. TASKS Before construction

(i) Ensure project environmental readiness, including: (a) checklist in Table EMP-3 is achieved; (b) all contractor contracts include, and will comply with, the EMP; and (c) relevant sections of the EMP are incorporated in construction plans and contracts.

(ii) Assist the PMO to implement the GRM, including: (a) establish and publicize the GRM; and (b) collate and evaluate grievances received.

(iii) Develop procedures to: (a) monitor EMP implementation progress; (b) collate and evaluate data collected in the EMP environmental monitoring program; and (c) prepare and submit the annual environmental monitoring reports to ADB (to continue until Project Completion Report).

(iv) Undertake and arrange training of project agencies as required by the EMP training plan. (v) Provide hands-on support and on-the-job training to the PMO, IAs and contractors on the

specific requirements of the EMP as required.

During project implementation (i) Undertake site visits to all PIUs and project sites during subproject construction and

operating phase. (ii) Assist in the ongoing public consultation process as described in Table EMP-8. (iii) Conduct EMP compliance assessments, identify any environment-related implementation

issues, and propose necessary responses in corrective action plans. (iv) Report to ADB yearly on results of EMP compliance reviews. (v) Assist in training of project agencies as required by the EMP training plan (Table EMP-7). (vi) Assist PMO to prepare annual environmental monitoring progress reports for submission

to ADB.

ANNEX C: TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EXTERNAL MONITOR (EM)

I. BACKGROUND 1. The government of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) has requested the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to provide financial support for the proposed Xinjiang Hetian Comprehensive Urban Development and Environmental Improvement (the project). . The project will help Hetian adopt the best practice in project design for water sensitive cities and strengthen its water system management with an initial target to reduce system loss. The project will help the city strengthen its sewage collection and treatment capacity, and upgrade treatment standards to allow for use of treated wastewater. The project will introduce a pipeline system for use of the reclaimed water, thus reducing its consumption of freshwater resources. The project will promote improvements in the urban environment through the introduction of a large fleet of electric buses and helping the city to implement Tuancheng urban upgrading program---an in-situ urban regeneration program at the core center of the old city through a partnership between HCG and residents in the ethnic community.

2. Compliance with the Loan and Project Agreements includes implementation of an Environment Management Plan (EMP), which is prepared as part of the project environment impact assessment. Implementation of the Project will be overseen and coordinated by the Hetian Project Management Office (PMO). The PMO will engage a licensed qualified external environmental monitor. External monitoring support will provide assistance to the Hetian City Government and PMO in monitoring and supporting project implementation in compliance with the environmental management plan (EMP) and ADB’s safeguards policy.

II. SCOPE AND DURATION OF WORK 3. An external environment monitor will be engaged intermittently for the entire duration of project implementation. The consultant firm/institute with estimated total input of 6 person-months of national consultants will be engaged by consultants’ qualifications selection (CQS) method.

III. TEAM COMPOSITION, QUALIFICATIONS AND TASKS

4. The External Monitor team will comprise (i) an Environment Management and Monitoring expert/team leader and (ii) an Environment Monitoring expert. Alternatively, the External Monitor can be an individual who satisfies all the qualifications requirements. The qualifications and tasks set out below assume a two-person team.

Environment Management and Monitoring expert/team leader (national expert: 2 person-months)

Qualifications: 5. Qualifications for the position include a masters degree or equivalent in environmental engineering with more than 10 years’ relevant experience including 8 years’ environmental impact assessment (EIA) and management experience, or professional experience in 4 international financial organization loan projects; familiarity with PRC and ADB requirements for environmental management is a plus; ability to prepare comprehensive environmental impact monitoring and assessment reports; relevant experience in similar ADB projects in the

PRC is preferred.

Tasks: i. Team coordination and planning of external monitoring; ii. Conduct routine inspection on EMP implementation; iii. Provide advice to the PIUs to optimize technical design of the project works from

environmental aspects; assure the environmental mitigation measures are well undertaken in construction and operation;

iv. Review project progress and compliance with the EMP based on field visits, and review the environmental impact monitoring conducted by contractors, CSCs and facility operators, and the Hetian EMS. The findings will be reported in the format acceptable to ADB.

Environment Monitoring expert (national expert: 4 person-months in total)

Qualifications: 6. Masters degree or equivalent in environmental engineering with more than 8 years’ relevant experience including 5 years’ EIA and management experience, or professional experience in 2 international financial organization loan projects; familiarity with PRC and ADB requirements for environmental management is desirable; ability to prepare comprehensive environmental impact monitoring and assessment reports; relevant experience in similar ADB projects in China is preferred.

Tasks: i. Conduct routine inspection on EMP implementation; ii. Provide advice to the IA to optimize technical design of the project works from

environmental aspect; assure the environmental mitigation measures are well undertaken in construction and operation;

iii. Review project progress and compliance with the EMP based on field visits, and review the environmental monitoring conducted by contractors, CSCs and facility operators, and the Hetian EMS. The findings will be reported in the format acceptable to ADB.

iv. Assist the team leader in carrying out external monitoring activities.

IV. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS 1. During the service period, the External Monitor shall prepare reports in accordance with ADB overall project management requirements. These will comprise annual External Environmental Monitoring Reports covering the construction phase and the operations phase until the Project Completion Report stage.

ANNEX D: LIST OF SENSITIVE RECEPTORS FOR PROJECT ROADS COMPONENT

This list comprises sites along project roads which require the establishment of permanent noise amelioration measures as part of the civil works. The shaded sites are the “first priority” areas referred to in Chapter VI, Section G.1 of the project IEE, requiring immediate noise amelioration works. The remainder are second priority, requiring noise amelioration works before the end of project implementation

Site Name Distance from road center line (m) Urumqi Road

Baohaidu Kindergarten 40 Tarim River Management Bureau 35 No.3 High School 40 Family building of Radio and Television Bureau 60 Family building of Public Security Bureau 100 Bureau of Forestry residential community 50 Yulong District 45

Guijang Road Xiaolake Village 15 Atebazha Village 15 Xiaolake Group 2 25 Tianyou Anorectal Hospital 20 Kozy Dahlwa Village 20 Hetian Forestry Garden 22 Hetian County Board of Education 30 Hetian County No.2 Primary School 12 Kozy Dahlwa Village 22 Family building of Power Supply Company 15 Tangbakelu Village 15 Tuowan Gujiang Village 15 Family building of Grassland Station 30

Taipei road Tuopuqia Village 30 Jiahe Garden 25 Rekefu Hospital 60 Youhao Hospital 20 Xialikemailai Village 30 Rewakeale Village 20 Kunlun Hospital 25

Park Road west Tuwan Gujiang Village 40

XINJIANG HETIAN COMPREHENSIVE URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT

CLIMATE RISK AND VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT

August 2017

CONTENTS

I. OVERVIEW 1 A. Background 1 B. Project Components 2 C. Scope of the CRVA 4

II. CLIMATE RISK SCREENING 5 A. Project Risk Screening and Scoping. 5 b. Current Climatic and Hydrological Trends 6

1. Xinjiang UAR 6 2. Hetian Region 7 3. Hydrology 12

III. IMPACT ASSESSMENT 15 A. Future Climate Modelling 15

IV. VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT 18 1. Roads and pipelines 18 2. Reclaimed Water Pipelines and Use 18 3. Wastewater Treatment Plant 18

V. ADAPTATION ASSESSMENT 20 1. Design and Performance strategies 20 2. Non-engineering measures 21 3. Adaptation Costs 21

VI. MONITORING AND EVALUATION 22 ANNEXES Annex A: REA and Climate Risk Screening Report Annex B: Adaptation investment costs calculation

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I. OVERVIEW

A. Background 1. This Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment is prepared and submitted as part of the due diligence under the Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) for preparing the Xinjiang Hetian Comprehensive Urban Development and Environmental Improvement Project (CUDEIP). This PPTA is based on agreement between Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the Hetian City Government (HCG) and funding of the PPTA is under a grant from the ADB. 2. The PPTA is necessary to define the scope of the proposed ADB financed project to optimize the development potential of Hetian City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), the People’s Republic of China (PRC). 3. The project will have the following outputs: (i) water sector services improved and use of reclaimed water introduced, (ii) urban road system improved, (iii) public transport service upgraded, (iv) Tuancheng urban upgrading program strengthened and implemented, and (v) development planning and project management capacity strengthened.

4. Output 1 will cover the three areas of water supply, municipal wastewater collection and treatment, and use of reclaimed water. For water supply, the project will upgrade the central water treatment plants to help achieve an expansion of treated water supply of 35,000 m3/day, water supply pipes in a total length of about 34.4 km to improve service provision, and construct a water transmission line of about 9.2 km to expand service area to Jiya county. These pipes comprise trunk lines and major distribution lines, and include new metered connections of 15,000 households to expand service area in Hetian city. The project will also introduce new management systems to enhance non-revenue water (NRW) management system to minimize water loss from the system. In the wastewater area, the project will upgrade the sewage collection pipeline with a total length of about 15.8 km, and strengthen the wastewater treatment plant by adding another 25,000 m3 treatment capacity per day at upgraded treatment standards to satisfy the need for use of the treated wastewater. The project will install special pipes in total length of about 86 km for use of reclaimed water, as the cooling water at the thermal power plant in the city, for irrigation green landscaping and city dust suppression. Twenty water spray trucks and 16 road cleaning vehicles to use the reclaimed water in the non-piped areas. New vehicles will be purchased to strengthen the wastewater system maintenance capacity and for transportation and disposal of sludge from the wastewater treatment plant.

5. Output 2 will rehabilitate or improve 5 urban roads with a total length of about 16.77 km. They are existing roads being upgraded with new sub surface, surface pavement and lane layouts in already built-up areas. No new alignments will be included. Special efforts will be made to improve the road safety and system efficiency by diverting the through traffic bypass the old city center, with public transport movements on roads prioritized and pedestrian friendly condition at the old city center, as well as enhancing the link between the old city center and the newly developed urban areas. 6. Output 3 will purchase 215 electric buses and associated charging facilities to enhance the transport capacity of the bus fleet and to replace the obsolete high-carbon emission buses, build one bus maintenance center, construct other supporting facilities (including maintenance workshop, training center, offices, and duty stations). The project will build or upgrade about 460 bus stops across the city to provide passengers with safe and more comfortable service conditions. In addition, the project will introduce an intelligent public transport system to help improve bus management, ticketing system and information management and dissemination to ensure a high level of service standards for passengers.

7. Output 4 will help 401 households in the Tuancheng area improve their living conditions

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through gaining access to improved municipal services, including community road, water supply, sewer collection, gas, electricity, ambulance and fire fighting services. The project will also provide technical assistance (in terms of engineering design and construction supervision) and financial subsidy to help the residents, all ethnic Uyghurs, upgrade their houses. The subsidy will be provided at the PRC established standard and procedures and is described in the project Social and Ethnic Minorities Development Plan and the Resettlement Plan. The housing upgrades will be on a voluntary basis and in a design style of their own choice, in accordance with the master plan developed through public participation.

8. Output 5 will help HCG prepare a public transport development and traffic management plan and a plan to promote ethnic cultural tourism in the old city center. The project will also help the city strengthen its capacity to manage project implementation, particularly in the fields of financial management, procurement, safeguards monitoring, and project reporting.

9. The project will include a Transaction TA to help HCG use water sensitive city innovations and deploy evidenced-based gender and development communications actions to catalyze existing and project-financed investments.

10. The expected project impact is aligned with the government goal and development strategy, will be a well-off and harmonious society with ethnic characteristics of Hetian sustainably developed. The project is expected to achieve significant environmental benefits, particularly in the management of water resources, use of reclaimed water to replace groundwater extraction, smoother traffic flow with fuel and emissions savings, and improved public transport services.

B. Project Components

11. The relevant outputs are shown Table I.1 and located in Figure I.1 below.

Table I.1: Proposed Project Component List

No. Outputs PIU Subcomponent Project activities

1.

Water sector services improved and use of reclaimed water introduced

HWSSC

Water supply

(i) upgrading the water supply system in downtown with a total length of 34.4 km;

(ii) installing water supply pipeline from city center to Jiya Township with a total length of 9.2 km.

Wastewater collection and treatment

(i) upgrading and expanding the wastewater treatment facility by providing new capacity of 25,000 m3/d with tertiary treatment to provide reclaimed water for reuse;

(ii) installation of sewage collection pipes of 15.8 km.

Recycling of reclaimed water

(i) Installation of new reclaimed water supply pipes at a total length of 86 km.

2. Urban road system improved

HBHUD Roads construction and upgrading

Rehabilitation/improvement of 5 urban roads in the old urban area, with total length of 16.77 km

3.

Public transport service upgraded

HYPTT Public transport system

(i) Construction of a new bus maintenance center, covers an area of 150 ha;

(ii) Purchase of 215 electric buses and associated charging system;

(iii) 46 new bus stops will be built and 384 bus stops will be upgraded;

(iv) Establish an intelligent public transportation system.

4.

Tuancheng urban upgrading program strengthened and implemented

HBHUD Urban development

(i) Living conditions of 401 households in Tuancheng area will be improved through gaining direct access to standard municipal services, including water supply, sewer collection, garbage collection, ambulance service, etc.;

(ii) technical assistance (in terms of engineering design and construction supervision) and financial subsidy will be provided to the residents for upgrading their houses.

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5.

Development planning and project management capacity strengthened

HDRC-HPMO

Capacity development

(i) Preparation of a public transport development and traffic management plan;

(ii) Preparation of an ethnic cultural tourism program; (iii) strengthen HCG’s capacity to manage project implementation,

particularly in the fields of financial management, procurement, safeguards monitoring and project reporting.

Figure I.1: Project component Locations

12. Since all project components will be undertaken within the context of Hetian’s Urban Development Plan and will be in areas of urban rehabilitation and renewal, project components

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will complement other developments or be dependent upon their proper functioning. These are classified as associated facilities and require environmental due diligence as part of project safeguards.

13. The following existing facilities associated with the project have been identified, requiring due diligence:

• Hetian Water Supply Plants #1 and #2 which are the sources of water supply conveyed by project funded pipelines, including to Jiya,

• Hexi WWTP which will be expanded under project funds to treat wastewater to a quality appropriate for reuse, and will generate treated wastewater for reuse

• Hedong WWTP which will generate treated wastewater for reuse • Huawei Hetian Power Generation Plant which will use reclaimed wastewater from the

expanded WWTP and conveyed by project funded pipelines, as cooling water, • Hetian landfill which will accept dewatered sludge from Hexi WWTP, sludge and gypsum

from the Huawei Power Plant pollution control facilities and covering soil from surplus excavation spoil from road making and pipe-laying

14. An environmental due diligence for the current operation of each as appropriate has been undertaken in the project IEE, checking environmental approvals and compliance records and site inspections to identify operational issues. The major non-compliance is at the Hexi WWTP which has been discharging low quality treated wastewater consistent with primary and partial secondary treatment only (filtration and sedimentation) into Dongfeng Canal, and has been stockpiling dewatered sludge on-site. These issues will be addressed as part of project implementation.

C. Scope of the CRVA

15. The adaptation measures appropriate to the subprojects are derived from the step process described in the ADB Guidelines for Investment (in the urban, water and transport sectors). The steps are:

• Project risk screening and scoping; • Impact Assessment; • Vulnerability assessment; • Adaptation assessment; and • Monitoring and evaluation.

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II. CLIMATE RISK SCREENING

A. Project Risk Screening and Scoping. 16. During project identification, the Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist for Preliminary Climate Risk Screening (Annex A) was completed to assign a climate risk rating. 17. The screening identified water resources as the key risk area affecting siting/design, and performance of water supply and wastewater reuse components. Increasing prevalence of sandstorms and increasing temperatures were also cited as potential risks for materials and maintenance of roads, pipes and vehicles. 18. The screening checklist summarised the potential climate risks as follows:

Screening Questions Score Remarks Location and Design of project

Is siting and/or routing of the project (or its components) likely to be affected by climate conditions including extreme weather related events such as floods, droughts, storms, landslides?

0 Unlikely. Sites and routes of project facilities are defined in the approved Hetian urban development master plan (2012-2030). Minor adjustments possible.

Would the project design (e.g. the clearance for bridges) need to consider any hydro- meteorological parameters (e.g., sea-level, peak river flow, reliable water level, peak wind speed etc)?

1 Water supply infrastructure may need to take into account potential variability in surface (and connected shallow groundwater) availability. Peak wind speed and related sandstorms, which are frequent in the area, may need to be considered in the design of facilities (such as shelterbelt around the WWTP).

Materials and Maintenance

Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions (e.g. prevailing humidity level, temperature contrast between hot summer days and cold winter days, exposure to wind and humidity hydro- meteorological parameters likely affect the selection of project inputs over the life of project outputs (e.g. construction material)?

1 Road surfacing material, pipe material (for water supply and wastewater), vegetation (for roadside landscaping, shelterbelts) may be affected by predicted temperature increases. Number and type of road cleaning vehicles to be procured under the project may be affected by possible increase in severity and frequency of sandstorms.

Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions, and related extreme events likely affect the maintenance (scheduling and cost) of project output(s) ?

1 Greater frequency of sandstorms may increase road maintenance frequency and intensity, and decrease longevity of road maintenance vehicles.

Performance of project outputs

Would weather/climate conditions, and related extreme events likely affect the performance (e.g. annual power production) of project output(s) (e.g. hydro- power generation facilities) throughout their design life time?

1 Greater annual and seasonal variability in ice- and snowmelt in headstreams may impact long-term availability of water resources in Hetian. This may affect the water supply component, while increasing the relevance of the water reclamation component.

Options for answers and corresponding score are provided below:

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Response Score Not Likely 0 Likely 1 Very Likely 2

Responses when added that provide a score of 0 will be considered low risk project. If adding all responses will result to a score of 1-4 and that no score of 2 was given to any single response, the project will be assigned a medium risk category. A total score of 5 or more (which include providing a score of 1 in all responses) or a 2 in any single response, will be categorized as high risk project.

Result of Initial Screening (Low, Medium, High): Medium

19. The components of the project have altered since this initial assessment. However, the main change – the deletion of the solid waste management component – has little effect on the climate change assessment, since no aspect of the component figured in the findings.

B. Current Climatic and Hydrological Trends

1. Xinjiang UAR

20. Two recent research papers have analyzed the existing meteorological records of Xinjiang (LI Qihu et al 20111 and LI Lanhai et al 20132). The recording of meteorological parameters in Xinjiang started in the late 1950s. However, few meteorological stations were set up in the mountain area above 2,500 m. The available data from 1961–1990, a baseline period for climate change research recommended by World Meteorological Organization, indicated that (i) both temperature and precipitation increased in the past 45 years, but the increase in temperature is more obvious than that of precipitation; (ii) for temperature increase, the higher the latitude and the higher the elevation the faster the increase, though the latitude has greater influence on the increase; northern Xinjiang shows faster warming than southern Xinjiang, especially in summer; (iii) increase of precipitation occurs mainly in winter in northern Xinjiang and in summer in southern Xinjiang. 21. Most parts in Xinjiang experienced a significant warming and moistening tendency over the period3. However, an increasing trend in the seasonal snow depth and cover area has also been observed in the same period in Xinjiang’s mountainous areas, which is consistent with the results observed from Qinghai Tibet Plateau4. The maximum frozen soil depth in Xinjiang has gradually decreased in past years5.

1 LI Qihu et al 2011, Spatial and temporal trends of climate change in Xinjiang, China, J. Geogr. Sci. 2011, 21(6): 1007-1018

2 LI Lanhai et al 2013, Patterns of Climate Change in Xinjiang Projected by IPCC SRES, J. Resour. Ecol. 2013 4 (1) 027-035

3 Habiken and Zhao 2011; Ling et al. 2011; Su et al. 2003; Tang and Xu 2010; Hao and Zhao 2011 4 Qin et al. 2006 5 Wang et al. 2005

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Figure II.1: Trends of temperature (a) and annual total precipitation (b) in XUAR

Source: Li et al (2011) 22. Extreme Weather Events. During 1961–2010, daily maximum precipitation in the whole Xinjiang displayed a significant increase. Additionally, the annual torrential rain days and amount, the blizzard days and amount all show a clear increasing trend. The increase rate of annual torrential rain days is higher than that of the annual blizzard days, while the rate of the annual blizzard amount is much larger than the annual torrential rain amount. Based on the above analysis, it can be concluded that under the background of global climate change and regional warming in Xinjiang, the occurrence of extreme precipitation events has increased. Flash flooding as a result is a yearly phenomenon in parts of the project area. 23. Annual dust storms, sandstorm, and floating dust events show an overall decline, of which the decrease in south Xinjiang is the most significant. Gales usually prevail in spring and summer in Xinjiang. The mean wind speeds of spring and summer have both declined over the last 45 years. The decrease in gale days corresponds with the reduction of the mean wind speed in spring and summer. Strong winds are the dynamic trigger for the occurrence of dust weather, so the decrease of gale days in Xinjiang is one of the main factors in the recent decrease in dust storm, sand-storm, and floating dust6.

2. Hetian Region 24. Current Climate. The current climate of the southern and southwestern edges of the Taklimakan Desert is characterized by gradual temperature transitions between season, with summer averages around 30oC (maximum) and winter minimum averages around -8oC. There are two distinct rain periods. The first, in the summer months accounts for about half of the annual rainfall. The other half (up to 33 mm) falls in December as snow. Wind speed is also highest in the summer months (Figures II.2-5).

6 Jiang Yuan-An et al 2013, Analysis on Changes of Basic Climatic Elements and Extreme Events in Xinjiang, China during 1961–2010, Advances in Climate Change Research 4(1): 20–29, 2013

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Figure II.2: Annual Temperature Profile, Hetian

Figure II.3: Annual Sun-hours Profile, Hetian

Figure II.4: Annual Precipitation Profile, Hetian

Figure II.5: Annual Wind Speed Profile, Hetian

25. Climatic trends. Li et al 2011 analyzed climatic trends in Xinjiang over the 45 year

9

period from 1961 – 2005 for which reliable records were available. The analysis was able to downscale the results by characterizing these changes for each of 65 meteorological stations in XUAR, including Hetian City. These are shown in Figures II.6 and II.7 below. The Hetian area shows an historic significant increase in annual average temperature and a negligible increase in annual precipitation.

Figure II.6: Historic Annual Temperature Trends showing Hetian Area

Source: Li et al (2011)

Figure II.7: Historic Annual Precipitation Trends showing Hetian Area

Source: Li et al (2011)

26. Further changes in local climate are evident in the recent 8-year trends for Kashi, Xinjiang, located about 200 km from Hetian and occupying a similar location as Hetian, bordering the Talimakan desert and near the foothills of the western Kunlun Mountains. These records, albeit for a short recording period, show a variable pattern of rainfall with a small

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overall decreasing trend. Temperatures, both average maxima and minima, show a steady and significant increase over the same period.

Figure II.8: 8-Year Rainfall Data for Kashi (https://worldweatheronline.com)

27. The data shows that the annual flows in a wet year can be 3 times higher than an average year and up to 5-6 times higher than a dry year. In the dry season however, flow rates for a wet, dry and average year are all uniformly low.

Figure II.9: 8-Year Temperature Data for Kashi (https://worldweatheronline.com)

28. Extreme Temperatures. According to Jiang et al, 2013, during 1961–2010 the extreme high temperatures in South Xinjiang showed a slight increase while the extreme low temperatures increase more obviously (Table II.1).

Table II.1: Temperature Extremes, 1961-2010.

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Element South Xinjiang Extreme high temperature (◦C per decade) 0.09 Extreme low temperature (◦C per decade) 0.65* Warm days (d per decade) 4.68* Warm nights (d per decade) 6.32* Cold days (d per decade) –1.86 Cold nights (d per decade) –6.11* High temperature days (d per decade) 0.88* Low temperature days (d per decade) –0.65

Note: * denotes the trend significant at the 95% confidence level

29. Extreme Precipitation. During 1961–2010, more extreme precipitation events occurred in South Xinjiang with a clear increase of 0.9 rain days per decade. In the same period, daily maximum precipitation increased marginally. Additionally, the annual torrential rain days and amount, the blizzard days and amount all show an increasing trend. The rate of increase in the annual blizzard amount is much larger than the annual torrential rain amount (Table II.2).

Table II.2: Linear trends of extreme precipitation indicators in South Xinjiang

(1961–2010) Daily maximum

precipitation (mm per decade)

Annual torrential rain days (d

per decade)

Annual torrential rain amount (%

per decade)

Annual blizzard days

(d per decade)

Annual blizzard amount

(% per decade) 0.65* 0.02 12.6 0.01* 46.7*

Note: * denotes the trend significant at the 95% confidence level

30. Dust Storms. From 1961 to 2010, annual dust storms, sandstorm, and floating dust events show an overall decline, of which the decrease in South Xinjiang was the most significant, contributing highest to the decrease over the whole Xinjiang (Table II.3 and Figure II.10).

Table II.3: Linear trends of annual mean wind speed, annual gale days and dust

weather in South Xinjiang (1961–2000) Element South Xinjiang Annual mean wind speed (m/s per decade) –0.20* Annual gale days (d per decade) –3.43* Annual dust storm days (d per decade) –2.69* Annual sandstorm days (d per decade) –5.07* Annual floating dust days (d per decade) –10.89*

Note: * denotes the trend significant at the 95% confidence level

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Figure II.10: Spatial Trends in the Occurrence of Dust Storms 1961-2010

Source: Jiang et al (2013)

3. Hydrology 31. Total flows of the Hotan River, which begins just north of Hetian where its twin tributaries, the Kalakash and the Yulongkash Rivers, meet. Both rivers have their sources in the Kulum Mountain Range and provide all of the water for the Hotan River at the point of measurement for flow rate. A total of 24 baseflow samples were collected by Fan et al (2016) during December to the following February (the period for calculating baseflow index), and the rainy season (from June to September). The flow measuring locations are shown circled in Figure II.11 and the derived hydrograph and base flow index are at Figure II.12.

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Figure II.11: Southern Xinjiang Hydrology Source: Fan et al (2016)

32. The hydrograph for the Hotan River at Figure II.12 shows that peak flows are experienced during the summer months in June-July-August, which is when the main rainfall season occurs. The majority of precipitation however falls as snow in December. This snow, melting in the early summer, adds to the summer hydrographic peak of the river. 33. The baseflow index (BFI) in Figure II.12 is one of the most important low flow indexes; it is construed as a long-term ratio of baseflow volume to total streamflow volume. Baseflow has a strong correlation with climate, so the baseflow index is an important factor linking ice-snowmelt water and groundwater recharge.

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Figure II.12: Hotan River Flows 1972-2007 (vertical units are m3/s) Source: Fan et al (2016)

Table II.4: Contributions to the Average Year Flows in the Hotan River

River Rainfall Groundwater Ice & Snowmelt Hotan 26.18% 58.85% 14.97%

34. Since about half of the yearly precipitation in Hetian falls as snow (see Figure II.4) the small percentage contribution from snow melt to river flow in Table II.4 (from Fan et al, 2016) indicates that a significant portion of snow melt goes to groundwater recharge.

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III. IMPACT ASSESSMENT

A. Future Climate Modelling 35. Li Lanhai et al (2013) applied a Bias Correction7 to downscale 24 Global Climate Models’ (GCMs) monthly outputs to analyze Xinjiang’s future climate pattern under three Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES). The results showed that scenarios A1B, A2 and B18 generated similar patterns and trends in annual mean air temperature and annual precipitation in the early 21st century with fluctuations in the middle of the 21st century. 36. Downscaling is a recognized method for achieving more local scenarios from global models, but the results should be viewed as indicative only. The method used here involved 24 GCMs and is therefore a reasonably good indicator of trends. However the magnitude of the trends is less certain, since the historical yearly and seasonal variability in this part of PRC is significant. 37. The results indicate that annual mean air temperature will reach 10, 11.1 and 8.5 degrees Celsius in A1B, A2 and B1 by the end of the 21st century, respectively from an average of 6.5 degrees in 2010, with significant yearly and seasonal variability. The annual precipitation during the projection period will experience an increasing trend with a little fluctuation. There is a large uncertainty within different SRES with a range of 6℃ in annual temperature and about 200 mm in annual precipitation (see Figure III.1).

Figure III.1: Future trends of annual total precipitation (a) and mean temperature (b) in Xinjiang Source Li et al (2013)

38. The downscaling exercise was able to focus on individual sub-regions within Xinjiang. The sub-region which covers the project area is the Tarim Basin (Figure III.2). The precipitation and temperature scenarios for this sub-region are shown in Figure III.3.

7 One of a number of downscaling methods, including Regional Climate Model (RCM), Bias Correction method and Statistical Method, which can process raw data from GCMs to focus on local climate change assessments.

8 IPCC’s SRES include four scenarios A1, A2, B1 and B2 describing differing emission rates and geopolitical settings. In summary; A is economics driven rather than environmentally driven; B is more environmentally driven. 1 = countries operating in concert; 2 = countries operating in isolated self-interest.

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Figure III.2: Subregions of Xinjiang for downscaled climate change scenarios. (TA:

Tarim Basin) Source: Li et al (2013)

Figure III.3: Temperature and precipitation scenarios for the Tarim Basin sub-region. The unbroken lines are precipitation and the dotted lines temperature. Source: Li et al (2013)

39. In common with all of Xinjiang, the average annual temperature in the Tarim Basin sub-region is projected to rise steadily through the 21st century for all scenarios. For this sub-region a rise of 1.5oC is projected by 2040 (and up to 4oC for the A1B scenario in 2100).

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40. For the same sub-region, precipitation shows a slight long term decline, but only in the order of 1.5mm by the end of the 21st century. The medium term, to 2040, shows an overall static trend for precipitation. 41. In summary, the project area is characterized by (i) low rainfall, which will not significantly change in the period to 2040 and thereafter marginally decrease by between 2 and 3% by 2100 with high yearly variability; and (ii) very low average temperatures, which will increase by between 12 and 33% by 2040 and 2100 respectively. Since winters are very cold in the project area, the increases in average temperatures will be most apparent in the warmer seasons. Higher summer temperatures and consequent high evapotranspiration rates have the potential to magnify the decreases in rainfall, resulting in local seasonal droughts. In this situation, strong summer winds may reverse the decreasing trend in dust storms.

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IV. VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT

1. Roads and pipelines 42. Design. There are four proposed road components in Hetian City. They will all be upgrades of existing roads. The road components (with pipelines installed underneath) are all in built-up commercial and high density residential areas, where drainage networks and supporting infrastructure are already in place. Variable snow melt runoff, at this distance from the mountains (>75 km), will not be overland flow. By the time it reaches Hetian it is fully carried by the the Kalakash and the Yulongkash Rivers. These river channels in Hetian are armored with high, built banks and adapted to contain high seasonal runoff. The standard for urban main road design is for a 1-in-50-year flood level and the road networks in these locations have low vulnerability to increased runoff. 43. Groundwater depth in Hetian city is approximately 40 m and its level is only marginally affected by snow melt and snow melt runoff. Buried pipelines, at 1.8 m average depth, will be unaffected. 44. Materials, maintenance and performance. Road surfacing in this region commonly uses modified asphalt to avoid “frost heave” where the expansion of freezing water can break up the road surface. Future increases in summer temperatures will also need to be considered in the performance of the surfacing material. The road surfaces are therefore moderately vulnerable to the extremes of yearly temperatures which are predicted to occur in the project area. 45. None of the project road components is arterial roads or highways. None are essential for domestic, commercial or emergency traffic, since any local road closures or damage caused by extreme weather events will not isolate any communities or deny access to needed areas. Their communications function is therefore of low vulnerability to climate change.

2. Reclaimed Water Pipelines and Use 46. Design. The use of reclaimed water will increase the area of greening within Hetian City and will take pressure off dwindling groundwater resources in this desert area. Greening will also have a micro-climatic effect, ameliorating the effects of future higher temperatures in the city area. Increasing summer temperatures will tend to reverse the slight decreasing trend recorded over recent decades for dust-storm weather – further justifying the need for urban greening. 47. Materials, maintenance and performance. All tree plantings using the reclaimed wastewater will require continuing irrigation. With future increases in temperature, water demand of vegetation will increase. When this is coupled with a slightly decreasing trend of rainfall and variability of seasonal rainfall, seasonal water shortages are more likely to occur. However, since the extent of urban greening programs in this component are linked to the amount of treated wastewater that the Hexi WWTP can sustainably supply, there is unlikely to be water stress on the landscaping joined to this component.

48. Additionally, Hetian City is densely planted to windbreaks, street trees and urban greening, and the city has a high level of experience in the management of planted vegetation in this desert environment. The vulnerability of urban greening to future climate change is therefore moderate to low and the use of reclaimed water will directly address this.

3. Wastewater Treatment Plant

49. Design. The location of the project-funded WWTP component is in the same compound

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as the existing Hexi WWTP. The location is relatively low-lying to allow gravity feed for the sewerage network. The area is drained by the Dongfeng Canal, which currently conveys semi-treated wastewater from the plant into the desert for disposal in soakage pits. The site has no record of flooding and all facilities (except for the sludge drying and loading area) are elevated. 50. The proposed treatment method (A2/O-SBR + nitrification biological aerated filter + denitrification deep-bed filter) is feasible under high ambient temperatures and any increased odor in higher temperatures will be prevented from impacting communities by existing zoning set-backs (>500 m) of residential areas.

51. The vulnerability of this component to future climate change is therefore low. 52. Materials, maintenance and performance. The performance of the existing WWTP has been poor due to equipment failure and management. The project will address this in its capacity building output, with extensive professional training in WWTP operations, monitoring and management.

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V. ADAPTATION ASSESSMENT

1. Design and Performance strategies 53. A list of design and performance strategies which address the vulnerabilities identified in this CRVA, by component is provided in Table V.1 below. During project preparation, and later in the detailed design phase of project implementation these recommendations should be included in final specifications for construction. The design and performance strategies are not onerous because the vulnerability of project components to climate change is generally assessed as low. 54. The most important aspects of predicted climate change are the combined effects of significantly higher temperatures and lower rainfall on the sustainability of water resources for the oasis city. The primary adaptation focus is therefore on water conservation measures for water use and diversification of supply. Adaptation measures for water supply are drawn from the PPTA Technical report on the Due diligence of Water Supply Sector. Adaptation measures addressing the side effects of increasing tendency for desertification at the oasis perimeter and increasing heat island effects in the central business districts are also highlighted.

Table V.1: Design Features for Water Conservancy and Reuse Component

sector Adaptation Measures

Water supply • Make reasonable adjustments to the water tariff by implementing 5 types of water tariff: residential, non-residential, special trade, landscaping, and fire services.

• Continue adoption of the “one water meter for each household” for full implementation over the next 5 years to improve equitable water distribution and management.

• Employ pipe network monitoring to detect and prevent pipeline leakage and seepage.

• Use pipes with good water tightness and long service life. Most pipes are PE and ductile iron, which are reliable materials. Replace existing PVC-U gray cast iron pipes, and target all pipes to be PE and ductile iron pipes in 5 years.

Reclaimed water use

Increase use of recycled water for greening irrigation to help combat rising temperatures in the city, reduce pressure on groundwater extraction and combat desertification. After the completion of planned project investments the utilization rate will be 27%. In about 3-5 years after completion of the Class 1A treatment facilities in Hexi area wastewater treatment plant (about 2020-2022), reclaimed water will be used for 100% of the landscaping water use in the whole urban area.

In the future, maximize use of reclaimed wastewater to minimize desert disposal and reduce pressure on groundwater resources which are required for domestic supply.

In greening areas use drought tolerant species to ensure that, in the event of temporary local water shortages, a proportion of the plantings will survive and provide a foundation for re-establishment of the landscaping.

Table V.2: Design Features for Other Components

Component sector

Adaptation Measures

Roads Retention and augmentation of all street trees to help combat rising temperatures in the city.

Surfacing asphalt mix needs to withstand frost heave in winter and not liquefy and distort in projected hotter summer temperatures.

Maximize access and flow of non-motorized vehicles, to reduce urban air pollution and heating along sidewalks.

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Public transport

Investigate feasibility of purchase and maintenance of self-recovery electric buses to further reduce power consumption (kW/km) and thus GHG emissions.

Increase bus fleet to replace all diesel-powered vehicles for public transport.

Urban renewal (Tuancheng)

Promote energy efficient building forms and streetscapes while retaining culturally appropriate architecture and neighbourhood configurations.

2. Non-engineering measures

55. Non-engineering approaches focus on the sustainable use of natural water resources and the management of reclaimed wastewater. 56. Sound water safety planning for water treatment plants to be developed by the local Water Affairs Bureaus for all water supply plants in compliance with international practice (as defined in most recent World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for water safety planning) will supplement this. Water safety plans should cover the detection, risk assessment and corrective actions in response to all sources of possible contamination of water – from the water source, through conveyancing through pipelines and pressure release structures, during water treatment and in the final distribution network. It will also include verification schedules based upon a monitoring program which combines PRC Drinking Water Standards and WHO guidelines. 57. All drinking water sources in the project’s area of influence (connected to project-funded water pipelines) are covered by water source protection zoning plans and regulations according to the Technical Specification for Protection Zone of Drinking Water Source (HJ/T 338-2007).

58. The use of recycled treated wastewater for irrigation of urban greening in Hetian City to reduce reliance on groundwater for irrigation is a new initiative. The project will support this program and encourage its expansion in its capacity building outputs.

3. Adaptation Costs

59. A breakdown of indicative adaptation costs is at Annex B. On the basis of the estimated proportion of the base cost of each component or measure leading to the adaptation, the costs are $10.78 million for adaptation.

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VI. MONITORING AND EVALUATION 60. The adaptation measures identified in this CRVA are incorporated into subproject design and operational management through recommendations made in the project environmental management plan (EMP). 61. The effectiveness and performance will be monitored in the short term by the compliance monitoring of the project EMP by project implementation consultants (to check that measures are actually put in place) and the environmental performance monitoring of the EMP. 62. In the longer term, the effectiveness of the design and operating measures will be monitored through the project’s design and monitoring framework (DMF). The DMF includes verifiable outcomes of continuing serviceability and access of roads and pipelines constructed by the project, efficient solid waste management and increasing use of recycled water.

URBAN DEVELOPMENT page 1 of 8

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ANNEX A: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist

Country/Project Title: Sector Division:

PRC 49307: XINJIANG HETIAN COMPREHENSIVE URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT

EARD/EASS Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

A. Project Siting Is the project area…

Densely populated? x Hetian Prefecture is very sparsely populated (3.8/km2, with a total area of 85,000 km2). However all project components will be located within the urbanized area of Hetian City, concentrated on 65 km2 with a high population density.

Heavy with development activities? x The project will contribute to the city’s urban development plan which includes urban renewal and expansion in the South (residential area) and the North (logistics and light industry). No major other developments are currently being implemented in the project area of influence.

Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive areas?

• Cultural heritage site

x Hetian Prefecture has a very long history and is rich in cultural heritage. The oasis of Hetian is strategically located at the junction of the southern (and most ancient) branch of the Silk Road ancient India and Tibet. Tarim mummies were found in the region. At Sampul, east of the city of Hetian, there is an extensive series of cemeteries scattered over an area about 1 km wide and 23 km long. The excavated sites range from about 300 BCE to 100 CE. However, since all infrastructure components will be located within the existing built-up area, it is unlikely that heritage sites will be significantly affected by the project. No cultural heritage site was identified during pre- reconnaissance mission in or near project areas. PCR protection measures will be defined in the EMP.

• Protected Area

x No legally protected area was identified in or near project areas during pre-reconnaissance mission. IUCN does not list any protected area in Hetian Prefecture. To be confirmed during environmental assessment.

Instructions: (i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be

attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES) for endorsement by the Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer.

(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately

considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.

(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts.

Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

URBAN DEVELOPMENT page 2 of 8

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Screening Questions Yes No Remarks • Wetland x

• Mangrove x Not applicable • Estuarine x Not applicable • Buffer zone of protected area x Highly unlikely (refer to “Protected Area” above)

• Special area for protecting biodiversity

x No special area for protecting particular biodiversity was identified in or near project areas. To be confirmed during environmental assessment.

• Bay x

B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause…

impacts on the sustainability of associated sanitation and solid waste disposal systems and their interactions with other urban services.

x Mainly positive impact anticipated. The project will improve solid waste management and intercept wastewater in the urban area (65km2), both of which are currently inadequately managed and discharged to the environment. The project will extend wastewater treatment capacities by 50,000 m3/d. Sanitary landfill capacities have been increased recently and a waste-to- energy plant is currently being constructed. Sustainability of the solid waste disposal system will be reviewed during IEE.

deterioration of surrounding environmental conditions due to rapid urban population growth, commercial and industrial activity, and increased waste generation to the point that both manmade and natural systems are overloaded and the capacities to manage these systems are overwhelmed?

x The project will support implementation of the Hetian urban development master plan (2012-2030) which involves renewal of the existing urban core as well as expansion of the urban area southwards (residential) and northwards (logistics, commercial). The environmental implications and sustainability of the urban development master plan (such as waste and wastewater generation and management, water consumption) will be reviewed during environmental impact assessment.

degradation of land and ecosystems (e.g. loss of wetlands and wild lands, coastal zones, watersheds and forests)?

x No negative impact anticipated. Project scope does not include any works near or in the Yurungkash River.

dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people?

x Preliminary safeguard categorization is A for resettlement. Main resettlement impacts are anticipated in the South District and the city center caused by road expansion and construction.

disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable group?

x The preliminary IP classification for the project is A. This classification will be verified and confirmed during the PPTA. The project components are focused on the urban and peri-urban area of Hetian city, with Uyghur population accounting for more than 90% of total population. Therefore, the ethnic minorities will represent the large population of the project area, and will be the major beneficiaries of the project. An ethnic minority development plan (EMDP) will be developed and endorsed by the government and ADB. Women and children will also be main beneficiaries of project components that target improved urban mobility (through improved public and pedestrian transport system) and basic services (water supply, wastewater collection and treatment, solid waste collection).

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Screening Questions Yes No Remarks degradation of cultural property, and

loss of cultural heritage and tourism revenues?

(x) Tourism revenue is expected to increase as a result of improved urban services. Road rehabilitation and expansion in existing city area may have minor temporary impact on religious services (this only relates to the planned construction of a pedestrian overpass). This will be assessed during LAR and ENV due diligence.

occupation of low-lying lands, floodplains and steep hillsides by squatters and low-income groups, and their exposure to increased health hazards and risks due to pollutive industries?

x The project will not occupy low-lying lands or support the development of pollutive industries.

water resource problems (e.g. depletion/degradation of available water supply, deterioration for surface and ground water quality , and pollution of receiving waters?

x Positive impact anticipated. The project will increase wastewater inception and treatment, improve solid waste management, which will contribute to improved surface water quality.

The proposed water reclamation component will supply some 30,000-50,000 m3/d of treated wastewater for urban landscaping, dust control and industrial processes (cooling water), significantly contributing to increased water stress resilience. The city’s water resources management strategy and additional efforts to promote water conservation will be reviewed in the framework of the sector assessment.

air pollution due to urban emissions? x Air pollution due to incremental urban emissions will not be significant, and are expected to be offset by improving and expanding the public bus transport system of the city (all buses will be powered by natural gas or electricity). Future air quality along project roads will be predicted for different planning horizons.

risks and vulnerabilities related to occupational health and safety due to physical, chemical and biological hazards during project construction and operation?

x Occupational health and safety concerns mainly related to physical hazards during construction phase. Project design will ensure that construction activities are well controlled to obviate these risks.

road blocking and temporary flooding due to land excavation during rainy season?

x Highly unlikely. Precipitation is very low in Hetian with a mean annual total of only 36.5 mm, falling on 17.3 days of the year.

noise and dust from construction activities?

x During construction, the transportation and handling of construction materials, and house demolition will produce noise and fugitive dust. Asphalt fume will be generated in the mixing procedure of asphalt concrete. Exhaust gas will be emitted by vehicles that transport various construction and demolition materials. Project design and EMP will ensure that construction activities are well controlled to minimize the impacts of noise and dust.

traffic disturbances due to construction material transport and wastes?

x Business activities and travel modes of residents along project roads will be temporary affected; and current traffic will be subject to temporary disturbances. Project design will ensure that construction activities are well controlled to obviate traffic disturbances and any limitations of access to property.

temporary silt runoff due to construction?

x Unlikely given low precipitation.

ANNEX A

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Screening Questions Yes No Remarks hazards to public health due to

ambient, household and occupational pollution, thermal inversion, and smog formation?

x No significant hazard anticipated. Air quality modeling for different planning horizons will be conducted during environmental assessment for new road components.

water depletion and/or degradation? x Positive impact anticipated (see earlier response to potential water resource problems)

overpaying of ground water, leading to land subsidence, lowered ground water table, and salinization?

x No significant impact envisaged. The depth of aquifer in Hetian City is over 6-10m and is fed by the Yulongkash River.

contamination of surface and ground waters due to improper waste disposal?

x Positive impact on surface water anticipated. Wastewater collection and treatment, and improved solid waste management in the city will reduce pollution of (manmade) urban drainage channels and the receiving Yulongkash River.

No project component will involve significant foundation works that could affect groundwater flows or quality. The WWTP will be built above ground (same as Phase I WWTP).

pollution of receiving waters resulting in amenity losses, fisheries and marine resource depletion, and health problems?

x Not anticipated. Pollution load to receiving water bodies (urban drainage channel; Yurungkash River) will be reduced.

large population influx during project construction and operation that causes increased burden on social infrastructure and services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)?

x Construction workforce will not be a significant addition to existing population and is likely to be fully recruited locally. After the project is completed, more rural households, mainly from Hetian Prefecture, are expected to migrate to Hetian city.

social conflicts if workers from other regions or countries are hired?

x Influx of labor force during construction period unlikely, but possible. Sound work camp management and labor standards will be enforced. Awareness will be provided to construction workers from outside.

risks to community health and safety due to the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during operation and construction?

x During construction: safe storage of hazardous substances and fuel handling protocols will be defined for construction period.

During operation: disinfection agents for WWTP, reclaimed water will require proper storage and handling.

community safety risks due to both accidental and natural hazards, especially where the structural elements or components of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning?

x Community health and safety risks during construction and operation are likely to relate to traffic safety and inadequate operation of waste transfer stations and the reclaimed water network, will be critically assessed and addressed during environmental assessment.

ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Climate Change Checklist

ANNEX A

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Screening Questions Score Remarks1

Location and Design of project

Is siting and/or routing of the project (or its components) likely to be affected by climate conditions including extreme weather related events such as floods, droughts, storms, landslides?

0 Unlikely. Sites and routes of project facilities are defined in the approved Hetian urban development master plan (2012-2030). Minor adjustments possible.

Would the project design (e.g. the clearance for bridges) need to consider any hydro- meteorological parameters (e.g., sea-level, peak river flow, reliable water level, peak wind speed etc)?

1 Water supply infrastructure may need to take into account potential variability in surface (and connected shallow groundwater) availability. Peak wind speed and related sandstorms, which are frequent in the area, may need to be considered in the design of facilities (such as shelterbelt around the WWTP).

Materials and Maintenance

Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions (e.g. prevailing humidity level, temperature contrast between hot summer days and cold winter days, exposure to wind and humidity hydro- meteorological parameters likely affect the selection of project inputs over the life of project outputs (e.g. construction material)?

1 Road surfacing material, pipe material (for water supply and wastewater), vegetation (for roadside landscaping, shelterbelts) may be affected by predicted temperature increases. Number and type of road cleaning vehicles to be procured under the project may be affected by possible increase in severity and frequency of sandstorms.

Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions, and related extreme events likely affect the maintenance (scheduling and cost) of project output(s) ?

1 Greater frequency of sandstorms may increase road maintenance frequency and intensity, and decrease longevity of road maintenance vehicles.

Performance of project outputs

Would weather/climate conditions, and related extreme events likely affect the performance (e.g. annual power production) of project output(s) (e.g. hydro- power generation facilities) throughout their design life time?

1 Greater annual and seasonal variability in ice- and snowmelt in headstreams may impact long-term availability of water resources in Hetian. This may affect the water supply component, while increasing the relevance of the water reclamation component.

1 If possible, provide details on the sensitivity of project components to climate conditions, such as how climate parameters are considered in design standards for infrastructure components, how changes in key climate parameters and sea level might affect the siting/routing of project, the selection of construction material and/or scheduling, performances and/or the maintenance cost/scheduling of project outputs.

Options for answers and corresponding score are provided below:

Country/Project Title: PRC 49307: XINJIANG HETIAN COMPREHENSIVE URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT

Sector: Urban Development

Subsectors: Urban transport, water supply, wastewater collection, water reclamation, solid waste management.

ANNEX A

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Response Score Not Likely 0

Likely 1 Very Likely 2

Responses when added that provide a score of 0 will be considered low risk project. If adding all responses will result to a score of 1-4 and that no score of 2 was given to any single response, the project will be assigned a medium risk category. A total score of 5 or more (which include providing a score of 1 in all responses) or a 2 in any single response, will be categorized as high risk project.

Result of Initial Screening (Low, Medium, High): Medium Other Comments: Climate risk screening was conducted through literature review. Climate variables likely to impact the project outputs and their sustainability include temperature and (to a much lesser extent) precipitation, as these have an influence on regional water resources; as well as frequency and severity of sandstorms, the two main variables likely to affect project infrastructure and sustainability of services.

.

ANNEX B

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Annex B: Adaptation Costs in Project Investments 1. The project components used in this analysis are taken from those listed in Table V.1 and 2 (of the CRVA). The costs, calculated from project component base costs and the proportion funded by ADB investments, are presented in Table B.1 below. The percentage of the base cost for each item which contributes to climate change adaptation has been estimated by the PPTA team and these are also shown in the table. Only those components directly funded by the project are included in the calculations

Table B.1: Estimated Cost of Design Features for Climate Change Adaptation Component

sector Adaptation Measures % of Base Cost

Contributing to Adaptation Outcome

Base Cost (ADB share) ($000)

Adaptation Cost

($000)

Water supply

Adjustments to water tariffs. n/a (not funded by project) - -

Metered households. n/a (not funded by project) - - Pipe network monitoring for leakage and seepage.

20% (note 1) 80.00 16.00

High quality pipes and sealing.

10% (note 2) 283.52 28.35

Reclaimed water use

Increase use of recycled water for greening irrigation

80% (note 3) 8,977.67 7,182.14 Maximize use of reclaimed wastewater to minimize desert disposal and reduce pressure on groundwater resources. In greening areas use drought tolerant species

n/a (greening not funded) - -

Roads Retention and augmentation of all street trees.

10% (note 4)

17,461.94 1,746.19

Surfacing asphalt mix for winter and summer extremes.

2% (note 5) 17,461.94 349.24

Maximize access and flow of non-motorized vehicles.

5% (note 6) 17,461.94 873.10

Public transport

Self-recovery electric buses. n/a (not funded by project) - -

Future replacement of all diesel-powered buses.

n/a (not funded by project) - -

Urban renewal (Tuancheng)

Energy efficient building forms and streetscapes for Tuancheng.

10% (note 7) 5,886.54 588.65

Total 10,783.67

Note 1 Pipe monitoring is intended to achieve a number of outcomes. The major ones are in minimizing non-revenue water and maintaining the integrity of the water system network. Conservation of water by preventing loss during transmission and distribution is an ancillary benefit which contribute to climate change adaptation.

Note 2 The major objective of pipe sealing and high quality materials is to minimize non-revenue water and future pipe replacement. It will make a small contribution to water conservation and thus contribute to climate change adaptation.

Note 3 The primary purpose of the use of reclaimed water is water conservation and urban greening which will contribute strongly to climate change adaptation

ANNEX B

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Note 4 The primary purposes of street trees will be to ameliorate traffic noise and dust as well as adding to the streetscape amenity. Contribution to climate change adaptation is ancillary through microclimatic effects, shade and reduction of urban heat island effect.

Note 5 Asphalt mix is only a small part of road surfacing costs, and asphalt formulation for extremes of temperature are a small part of asphalt costs.

Note 6 The rise and popularity of non-motorized vehicles will continues on all roads. Provision of NMV lanes will primarily increase safety for users. It will have a small influence on choices to adopt NMV as personal transport.

Note 7 Energy efficient buildings will reduce the power demand from the new development and contribute to conservation of energy in the local context. Energy efficiency in building design will compete with other architectural and cultural requirements, so is not expected to be a large proportion of building costs.

2. For explanation of the derivation of base costs for subcomponents, base costs for components and the ADB share of them are drawn from the following reference sources in project finance documents (Table B.2). Package costs were converted from CNY.

Table B.2: Sources for Base Costs and ADB Share Component Base Cost Source ADB Share

Roads (civil works and ancillary works)

Package Roads-cw-1 to Roads-cw-5 Roads-eq-1 to Roads-eq-5

70.71%

Water supply Pipes Package WS-eq-1-1 to WS-eq-14

70.71%

Hexi WWTP expansion Contract HT-w-G02 to HT-W-G05

Civil works: 70.71% Equipment: 100%

Reclaimed water Pipeline Package RW-cw-1-1 to RW-cw-1-25 RW-eq-1-1 to RW-eq-1-25

70.71%

Tuancheng housing Subsidy Package TC-cw-1-1

37.43%

Pipe network monitoring (NRW)

Contract HT-P-CS04

100%