initial results from the slac estb t-506 irradiation study international workshop on future linear...
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Initial Results from the SLAC ESTB T-506 Irradiation Study
International Workshop on Future Linear CollidersUniversity of Tokyo, 11-15 November 2013
Bruce SchummSanta Cruz Institute for Particle Physics
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T-506 Motivation
BeamCal maximum dose ~100 MRad/yr
Beam Calorimeter is a sizable: ~2 m2 of sensors.
A number of ongoing studies with novel sensoers: GaAs, CVD diamond
Might mainstream Si sensors be of use?
Some reasons for optimism…
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Departure from NIEL (non-ionizing energy-loss) scaling observed for electron irradiation
NIEL e- Energy
2x10-2 0.5 MeV
5x10-2 2 MeV
1x10-1 10 MeV
2x10-1 200 MeV
G.P. Summers et al., IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 40, 1372 (1993)
Also: for ~50 MRad illumination of 900 MeV electrons, little loss of charge collection seen for wide variety of sensors(S. Dittongo et al., NIM A 530, 110 (2004)
But what about the hadronic component of EM shower?
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Hadronic Processes in EM Showers
There seem to be three main processes for generating hadrons in EM showers (all induced by photons):
• Nuclear (“giant dipole”) resonancesResonance at 10-20 MeV (~Ecritical)
• PhotoproductionThreshold seems to be about 200 MeV
• Nuclear Compton scatteringThreshold at about 10 MeV; resonance at 340 MeV
These are largely isotropic; must have most of hadronic component develop near sample
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2 X0 pre-radiator; introduces a little divergence in shower
4 X0 post-radiator, sample, 8 X0 beam dump
N.B.: Tungsten very expensive; undying
gratitude to Leszek for loaning it to us!
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Detector Fluence Distribution (per incident e-)
Radius (cm)
Flu
ence
(p
arti
cles
per
cm
2)
For later charge collection
measurement, must have ~1cm2 uniformly
illuminated area
Raster sensor across beam
1.0 2.0 3.0
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LCLS and ESAUse pulsed magnets in the beam switchyard to send beam in ESA.
Mauro Pivi SLAC, ESTB 2011 Workshop, Page 7
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ESTB parameters
0.25 nC
Parameters ESA
Energy 15 GeV
Repetition Rate 5 Hz
Charge per pulse 0.35 nC
Energy spread, E/E 0.02%
Bunch length rms 100 m
Emittance rms (xy) (4, 1) 10-6 m-rad
Spot size at waist (x,y < 10 m
Drift Space available for experimental apparatus
60 m
Transverse space available for experimental apparatus
5 x 5 m
3..5-10.5 (for now)
Up to 10 Hz!
≤ 0.15 nC
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HOW THE MACHINE ACTUALLY RUNS
GE
V
DAY
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BEAM
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1 inch
Sensor
Pitch adapter, bonds
Daughter Board Assembly
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4 X0 Radiator
8 X0 Beam Dump
(Slides into position)BEAM
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Dose Rates (Including 1 cm2 Rastering)Mean fluence per
incident e-
Maximum dose rate (10.6 GeV; 10 Hz; 150pC per pulse):
28 Mrad per hour
Confirmed with RADFET to within 10%
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Daughter/Readout Board Assembly
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Sensor +FE ASIC
DAQ FPGA with Ethernet
Charge Collection Apparatus
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Channel-over-threshold profile
Efficiency vs. threshold
Median Collected Charge
Charge Collection Measurement2.3 MeV e- through sensor into scintillator
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T506 Doses
“P” = p-type “N” = n-type“F” = float zone “C” = Czochralski
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Results: PF sensors
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Results: PC sensors
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Results: NF sensors low dose
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Results: NF sensors high dose
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Results: NC sensors
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Summary of Results by Sensor Type
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Summary and Conclusions•We have completed the first irradiation damage study at SLAC ESTB (article submitted to NIM)
•N-bulk sensors show promise
•Need to carry out annealing studies with CV/IV measurements on selected sensors
•Want to confirm results, go to higher fluence
•Further runs with other sensor technologies (GaAs, CVD diamond?) [US funding issues…]
•One scenario: Si in most of BeamCal detector, more costly/higher-risk technologies in highest-dose regions?