inkjet prints - archives association of british...
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Inkjet Prints
Digital Prints2006 – more photos from digital output than film Only 14% of images printed - almost all on home inkjet printers2003 – digital cameras outsold traditional cameras in Canada
4 Common Printing MethodsInkjetDye sublimation Digital photo processor (photo labs/colour snap shots)Electrography (laser prints)
Dye Sublimation
Digital Exposure to Photo Paper
Inkjet PrintersContinuous flow
Iris print/Giclée
Drop-on-demand or impulse jetThermal (Canon Bubble Jet)Piezoelectric (Epson printers)
Typical Inkjet Ink FormulationColourant (dye or pigment)Deionized water and cosolventsSolubilizingagent/dispersantBasepH bufferDefoamer
Wetting agentHumectantChelating agentCorrosion inhibitorBiocideBinderViscosity modifier
Iris Print
Iris 30741989 – 2000ishPoor light stability
Iris PrintDate Printer/Ink Paper Light Framed
Under GlassLight Framed
UV Filter
1991 Iris 3074 Arches BFK Heavy WCIris Semi Matte Coated
InkJet
4 years1.4 years
4 years1.8 years
1996 Iris 3074Nash Inks
Somerset Velvet uncoated
22 years 25 years
2000 Iris 3074Equipoise Ink
Somerset Velvet uncoated
22 years na
2000 Epson Stylus Pro 7500,
9500, P2000Epson
Archival inks
Epson Premium Lustre Epson WC
>225 years>225 years
>250 years>250 years
Drop on DemandPrinter Inks
Dye based inksPigment based inksCombination
Drop on Demand
Thermal Ink Jet FactoidInk cartridge heats up to +299°CHeat creates a vapor bubble that expands to eject a tiny ink droplet at +30 mphThis action repeats several times per second!
Dye Based Inks
Traditionally better colour gamutEpson Ultrachrome 3 (hybrid)
More fugitive in lightWater and high RH sensitiveGaseous pollutants
Gaseous ContaminantsDye based ink on porous paper
www.imagepermanenceinstitute.org
PapersInkjet Fine art papers
Acid-free, buffered, lignin free, OB freeEpson UltraSmooth Fine ArtMoab Entrada (Legion)Arches Infinity
Coated
Coated PapersSwellable and Porous
Increases ink stability, image qualityReduces ink burring and/or bleeding
SwellableSwells with moisture from water based inks 3 layers including:
Protective top layer – fixes the ink in placeSecondary layer – absorbs additional inks
PorousSurface is coated with small, inert particles
Inorganic oxides – silica alumina and titanium dioxide
Ink deposited in the tiny cavities Particles prevent ink spreading
Swellable Porous
Higher gloss‘Feels’ smooth
Rub test: water = slippery
Less gloss more matte‘Feel’ slightly sticky‘Short drying time
Rub test: water = no change
Dye Pigment
Water soluble Water resistantVisible difference in surface gloss
Double Sided Papers
www.inkjetart.com/photo_papers/duo/duplex.html
Identification
Image Permanence InstituteDigital Sample Book
Deterioration PathwaysLightRelative humidityTemperature
LightLight stability studies varyPigment based inks generally recommended
Light Testing
www.wilhelm-research.com
www.wilhelm-research.com
WIR
Life ExpectancyLongevity – Paper Choice Matters
Printer Paper Display YearsEpson 2200 Espon W/C 90
Hammermill Jet Print ~30
Epson 820,825.. Epson Colorlite Semigloss 27CompUSA High Gloss 5
Traditional Photo Fujicolor Crystal Archive 60Processing Kodak Ektacolor Edge 8 22
March 2003
Epson C 86
www.wilhelm-research.com
Epson Fiber Paper
Ultrachrome Inks
HP Vivera Inks
Canon Inks
Chromalife – dye based +100 WIRLucia – pigment based – 12 colour
Currently being tested
ExhibitionFrame to conservation standardsGlazing – porous papers
StorageISO 18920-2000 Reflection Prints Storage PracticesExtended term storage
Maximum temperature -3°CMaximum RH 30 – 50%
New technologies degradation rates unknown
PEM2 DataloggerImage Permanence InstituteClimate Control Notebook DEMO
Storage EnclosuresPaper
All materials must pass the PATBuffered paper (pH 7 – 9.5) for all B/W photographic media. Use side seam envelopes with emulsion side away from the seam
ISO 18902-2000
Acid Migration
Negative Storage EnclosuresPaper –
Advantages/DisadvantagesOpaque – protect from light but also means more handling as the photo has to be removed to be seenPorous – off-gassing chemicals can escape –rh ↑↓Cost – generally less expensive than plasticsIdentification – write with pencil on paper
Storage EnclosuresPlastic
All materials must pass the PATSafe plastics include polypropylene, polystyrene, HD polyethylene, polyesterAvoid plastics with PVC, plasticizers and other additivesTrade names include Print File, Clear Vue NOT recommended for dye based inkjet prints
Negative Storage EnclosuresPlastic –
Advantages/Disadvantages
Clear – can easily see image inside –less handlingHandling – plastic can abrade the image – avoid frosted and LDPENot porousIdentification – not as easy to write on as paper
Dye Inks + Water + Wrong Paper =
2 Minutes
AcquisitionInformation to collect
Process categoryPrinterType of ink Type of paperSurface coatings
New InfoMotion Picture Film DatabaseAvailable from the CCA later this year
FACETwww.dlib.indiana.edu/projects/sounddirections/