THE INDIAN INNOVATION THE INDIAN INNOVATION SYSTEM: INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM: INFRASTRUCTURE

AND EXAMPLESAND EXAMPLESSrinivasa B. S. NookalaSrinivasa B. S. Nookala11

(snookala@purdue.edu)(snookala@purdue.edu)

Pankaj SharmaPankaj Sharma2,32,3, , Anubhav SharmaAnubhav Sharma44

11Civil Engineering, Purdue University (USA)Civil Engineering, Purdue University (USA)22Discovery Park, Purdue University (USA)Discovery Park, Purdue University (USA)

33College of Technology (Courtesy) College of Technology (Courtesy) 44University of New Hampshire School of Law(USA)University of New Hampshire School of Law(USA)

Technology Transfer Annual Conference, The George Washington University, Technology Transfer Annual Conference, The George Washington University, Washington D.C., November 12-13, 2010Washington D.C., November 12-13, 2010

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DISCLAIMER• All opinions, judgments, and recommendations that are

presented here are the opinions and ideas of the authors of the material.

• References to material in this presentation are still in the development, interpretation and publication process. Any reproduction or citation permitted with the permission of the lead author.

• All information supplied in this presentation is sole confidential and for the purpose of sharing with the U.S. Department of State and other intended audiences.

OutlineOutline

Introduction

Infrastructure Capabilities

Challenges & Opportunities in Organizations

Examples of Successful Innovations in India

Tata Nano – Case Study

Recommendations

Conclusions

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IntroductionIntroduction

Innovation Concept of “newness” : idea,

product, process, and service

Capacity Volume

Innovation Capacity Volume of innovation

National Innovation System (NIS) Stakeholders and their

interactionso Government, Educational and

Research Institutions, Corporations

4Source: http://archive.en.occlin.net/

ApproachApproach

Literature review Web site Open ended questions/interviews

Corporations Educational institutions Government agencies

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Infrastructure CapabilitiesInfrastructure Capabilities

Research Parks, Innovation Parks Indian Institute of Technology, Madras; ICICI

Knowledge Park Innovation and Entrepreneurship Centers

IITD – FIIT; IITB – SINE; ISB – WCED,CLIC; IIMB – NSRCEL; IISC - SID

Basic Sciences Research NIN, TFIR, CCMB, NCL, IISc

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Infrastructure Capabilities Infrastructure Capabilities Critical PointsCritical Points

IITM Credit system

SINE, FIIT, ISB, IIMs Business Plan competition Conferences, Workshops – for awareness

CSIR (CCMB) Patestate – IPR Management, Licensing

services, Patent database maintenance

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ChallengesChallenges

Academic institutions

Evolving innovation system; lack of people that have knowledge/skills in both worlds

Large variability in quality of education

Lack of awareness of how to take research to market

Corporations

Lack of understanding of market demand

Lack of inspiring workforce towards new ideas

Lack of coordination in organizing, allocating, and providing resources in transitioning innovation from “lab-to-market”

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ChallengesChallenges

IT outsourcing Lack of proper rewards or incentive system Strong diversity limits culture of teamwork Risk-averse society Belief in sharing knowledge

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“Lakshmi - Saraswati” Effect

OpportunitiesOpportunities

Conducting research in developing technologies (“bottom-of-pyramid”) relevant to India’s needs

Improving interface with industry to transfer knowledge and technology.

Taking advantage of reverse brain gain as a result of recession and tapping creativity by blending foreign-trained work force with local talent.

Leveraging “Jugaad” culture

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Innovations in IndiaInnovations in India

CCMB Potential Diabetes Drug Molecule

Insecticide – Rallis Group (Tata) Protects paddy fields from scourge

Mahindra Satyam i-DNA, IdeaJunction, Ideation

Infosys mConnect - Patent pending middleware solution based on

context-aware computing. Wockhardt

Cardiology Surgeries - minimally invasive beating heart coronary artery bypass surgery.

GE Healthymagination, Ecomagination – Innovations focusing on

healthcare and environment respectively11

Tata Nano-Tata Nano- “people's” car “people's” car

Product Innovation – Tata Motors

Cheap, safe, economic 4-wheel transportation: Middle class in India

Revolutionized automobile industry.

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Source: Tata Motors

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Democracy Culture

Infrastructure

Indian Innovation

System

Indian Innovation

SystemSponsors/Funding

Infrastructure

Industry

Government

Consumer Needs

Standards/Regulations

Research

Conceptual Conceptual FrameworkFramework

India Innovation India Innovation InfrastructureInfrastructure

Prom

ote U

pgrade

Build

RecommendationsRecommendationsFor Innovations in IndiaFor Innovations in India

Have people from best of both worlds (academic and industry)

Create awareness of technology commercialization

Increase academic-industry partnerships

Mandate national research centers to generate partial funding through non-governmental sources

Provide incentives for deployment of solutions using domestic needs and technology

Ensure incubators are made responsive to market needs and encourage enabling business environments 14

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

U.S. Department of StateU.S. Department of StateFulbright New Century Scholar ProgramFulbright New Century Scholar Program

Council for International Exchange of ScholarsCouncil for International Exchange of ScholarsInstitute of International EducationInstitute of International Education

Department of Scholar and Professional ProgramsDepartment of Scholar and Professional Programs

Discovery Park, Office of the Vice President for Research Discovery Park, Office of the Vice President for Research Purdue UniversityPurdue University

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Thank you!Thank you!

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APPENDIXAPPENDIX

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BackgroundBackground

NIS: Nelson , Freeman, Lundvall, 2007; Sornn-Friese, 2000

Innovation in India: Athreye (2010) and Arora, 2002; Das, 2002; Patibandla; Mudambi, 2003, 2008; D’Costa, 2006; and many others

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Jaipur FootJaipur Foot

First indigenous artificial foot for people amputated below knee

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TVS ScootyTVS Scooty Two wheeler for women – 99 colors

20Source: TVS Motor Company

Government’s RoleGovernment’s Role

Recently introduced a bill: “THE PROTECTION AND UTILIZATION OF

PUBLIC FUNDED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY BILL, 2008”

“to provide for the protection and utilization of intellectual property originating from public funded research and for

matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.”

Financial incentives for researchers and entrepreneurs.

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QuestionnaireQuestionnaire

1. What are the challenges your organization experiences related to innovation?

2. What is the current infrastructure your organization has to fuel the innovation?

3. What are the infrastructure challenges your organization experiences related to innovation?

4. What are the leadership challenges your organization experiences related to innovation?

5. What are the cultural challenges your organization experiences related to innovation?

6. What are the entrepreneurial programs/processes your organization has to foster innovation?

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Titles of people interviewedTitles of people interviewed

Corporate Organizations Educational Institutions

Chief Technology OfficerFounders and CEOsGeneral ManagersHuman Resources ManagerManaging DirectorsPresident/Vice President

Business Development

IP ManagersDeanDirectors (Executive/Deputy)ProfessorsResearch Scientist/FacultyScientific Advisor

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