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Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa

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Page 1: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

Innovation in an Age of LimitsInnovation in an Age of LimitsStephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale)

Johannesburg, South Africa

Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale)Johannesburg, South Africa

Page 2: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

The prime directive:It’s not about technologyThe prime directive:It’s not about technology

Page 3: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

This morning . . .This morning . . .

I want to share a 2020 vision of what the world of libraries, information and learning should look like.

I want to point to the 23 puzzle pieces that have emerged in the past decade that will materially affect our opportunity and success.

I want to hear your thoughts too.

I want to share a 2020 vision of what the world of libraries, information and learning should look like.

I want to point to the 23 puzzle pieces that have emerged in the past decade that will materially affect our opportunity and success.

I want to hear your thoughts too.

Page 4: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

The OpportunityThe Opportunity

To choose our future and create it, not be victims of a juggernaut.

Let’s not compete with Google, Bing and Facebook!

Let’s complement them based on our strengths and their weaknesses.

The last few times I did this with Roy Tennant, Gary Price, etc. we . . .

To choose our future and create it, not be victims of a juggernaut.

Let’s not compete with Google, Bing and Facebook!

Let’s complement them based on our strengths and their weaknesses.

The last few times I did this with Roy Tennant, Gary Price, etc. we . . .

Page 5: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

The Market Weaknesses…The Market Weaknesses…

Or Opportunity holesCommercial algorithmSEO, SMO, Ads, sponsored links, …The Filter Bubble and Many VoicesThe Content Spam IndustryFollow Panda, Penguin, Blekko, etc.Loss of “control”Quality versus selection

Or Opportunity holesCommercial algorithmSEO, SMO, Ads, sponsored links, …The Filter Bubble and Many VoicesThe Content Spam IndustryFollow Panda, Penguin, Blekko, etc.Loss of “control”Quality versus selection

Page 6: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

But first . . . Some context... For focused innovation

But first . . . Some context... For focused innovation

Page 7: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,
Page 8: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,
Page 9: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

They’re future orientedThey’re future oriented

Page 10: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

They see patterns

Page 11: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,
Page 13: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,
Page 14: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,
Page 15: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

They recognize key shiftsThey recognize key shifts

Page 16: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,
Page 17: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

Principles

Access means putting knowledge anywhere and everywhere it will be found & used by our customers.Understand the difference between physical access and intellectual access

Page 18: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,
Page 19: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

Principles

Collaboration is- the keystone of Knowledge,- it requires that we partner with users,- outcome driven – it’s the way the client uses & shares- crosses and blurs lines

Page 20: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,
Page 21: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

Principles

Libraries are a Learning Environment- it learns from itself – the question economy survives- it absorbs & adapts – product, content and structure- it provides a learning imperative economic advantage

Page 22: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,
Page 23: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

Principles: Our bread and butter

We deliver the …..So What …-We understand how and why knowledge fits -We can explain what it means and contextualize it-We should know why & how users interact and learn

Page 24: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

-We’ve got it

-We can get it

-We know how to deliver it

Page 25: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

Principles …..More Bread and Butter• We have it• We can deliver it• We know how to use it• We can organize it so it fits user’s needs and context

Page 26: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,
Page 27: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

Libraries

•Informing, Learning, Sharing, Discovering, Socializing…

Page 28: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

Principles

• Research is one of the pieces but not all of them• Note that books is a minor (but still critical) piece• Respect all forms of knowledge• It takes all of the pieces to complete the puzzle

Page 29: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

Principles

So, let’s focus on the experience that is needed not the one we feel comfortable with the most.Our goal is to deliver ……….

Page 30: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

…an experience in every strategy

Page 31: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

The top 23 most transformational bitsThe top 23 most transformational bits

Page 32: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

1. RDA (AACR2) and metadata2. Linked Data3. SaaS, IaaS, PaaS4. OCLC WorldCat +5. Amazon Cloud (Prime)6. Licensed Databases7. Geo-information, Geo-IP8. eLearning Systems

1. RDA (AACR2) and metadata2. Linked Data3. SaaS, IaaS, PaaS4. OCLC WorldCat +5. Amazon Cloud (Prime)6. Licensed Databases7. Geo-information, Geo-IP8. eLearning Systems

23 Transformational Things

23 Transformational Things

Page 33: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

9. Repositories10. Intranets11.Mobile (phones, tablets, computing)12.Patron Data (LMS, ILS, Registries)13.People Data (FB, LinkedIn, etc.)14.LibGuides15.OpenURL16.Open Access

9. Repositories10. Intranets11.Mobile (phones, tablets, computing)12.Patron Data (LMS, ILS, Registries)13.People Data (FB, LinkedIn, etc.)14.LibGuides15.OpenURL16.Open Access

23 Transformational Things

23 Transformational Things

Page 34: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

23 Transformational Things

23 Transformational Things

17.eBooks & eJournals18.HTML5 and mobile standards19.Streaming Media20.Embedding21.Persistent Links22.Shared A-Z lists (like Summon)23.Shared Analytics

17.eBooks & eJournals18.HTML5 and mobile standards19.Streaming Media20.Embedding21.Persistent Links22.Shared A-Z lists (like Summon)23.Shared Analytics

Page 35: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

AnalyticsAnalytics

Page 36: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

What do we need to know?What do we need to know?

How do library databases and virtual services compare with other web experiences?

Who are our core virtual users? Are there gaps? Does learning happen? How about discovery? What are user expectations for true satisfaction? How does library search compare to consumer

search like Google and retail or government? How do people find and connect with library virtual

services? Are end users being successful in their POV? What are the stories of the impact of library

experiences? Are they happy? Will they come back? Tell a friend?

How do library databases and virtual services compare with other web experiences?

Who are our core virtual users? Are there gaps? Does learning happen? How about discovery? What are user expectations for true satisfaction? How does library search compare to consumer

search like Google and retail or government? How do people find and connect with library virtual

services? Are end users being successful in their POV? What are the stories of the impact of library

experiences? Are they happy? Will they come back? Tell a friend?

Page 37: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

Techno-AgnosticismTechno-Agnosticism

Browsers: IE, Chrome, Firefox, Safari… Devices: Macintosh, PC Desktops &

Laptops… Mobile: Laptops, Tablets (iPad, Fire, etc.)… Mobile: Smartphones (iPhone, Blackberry,

Android, Windows, etc.)… Container: PDF, ePub, .mobi, Kindle, etc. Learning Management System: Blackboard,

WebCT, Angel, D2L, Moodle, Sakai, etc. Purchasing (Amazon, B&N, Chegg, Chapters

Indigo, CengageBrain, Apple Store, University Textbook Store, etc.)

Browsers: IE, Chrome, Firefox, Safari… Devices: Macintosh, PC Desktops &

Laptops… Mobile: Laptops, Tablets (iPad, Fire, etc.)… Mobile: Smartphones (iPhone, Blackberry,

Android, Windows, etc.)… Container: PDF, ePub, .mobi, Kindle, etc. Learning Management System: Blackboard,

WebCT, Angel, D2L, Moodle, Sakai, etc. Purchasing (Amazon, B&N, Chegg, Chapters

Indigo, CengageBrain, Apple Store, University Textbook Store, etc.)

Page 38: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,
Page 39: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

Alignment & Scary PlayersAlignment & Scary Players

If libraries don’t develop it, who will?Apple (iTunes, iPhone, App Store,

iBooks …)Amazon (Prime, Cloud, Kindle…)Microsoft (8, Mobile)Google (Android, Ads, …)Facebook (F8, Apps, Privacy…)… LinkedIn, Twitter, Pinterest, etc.Blackboard (Acquisitions)

If libraries don’t develop it, who will?Apple (iTunes, iPhone, App Store,

iBooks …)Amazon (Prime, Cloud, Kindle…)Microsoft (8, Mobile)Google (Android, Ads, …)Facebook (F8, Apps, Privacy…)… LinkedIn, Twitter, Pinterest, etc.Blackboard (Acquisitions)

Page 40: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

And, this should all be invisible to the user.And, this should all be invisible to the user.

Page 41: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

The new bibliography and collection development

KNOWLEDGE PORTALS

KNOWLEDGE,LEARNING,

INFORMATION &RESEARCHCOMMONS

Page 42: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

Small SuccessesSmall Successes

TROVE (Australia)BibliocommonsLibraryThingGoogle Books and WorldCatLibGuidesED2GOMindTapPowerSearch 2012 Algorithm

TROVE (Australia)BibliocommonsLibraryThingGoogle Books and WorldCatLibGuidesED2GOMindTapPowerSearch 2012 Algorithm

Page 43: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

Putting our money where ...

Putting our money where ...

eTextbooks AccessMyLibrary MindTap ED2GO In Context Biography in Context Opposing Viewpoints GREENR Career Transitions National Geographic Archive

+ ECCO, NCCO, PQ’s EEBO

eTextbooks AccessMyLibrary MindTap ED2GO In Context Biography in Context Opposing Viewpoints GREENR Career Transitions National Geographic Archive

+ ECCO, NCCO, PQ’s EEBO

Our Principles: Device Agnostic Browser Agnostic No Walled

Gardens SEO free Ad free More Analytics

Our Principles: Device Agnostic Browser Agnostic No Walled

Gardens SEO free Ad free More Analytics

Page 44: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

The Virtuous ContinuumThe Virtuous Continuum

Data InformationKnowledgeNOT WISDOMBehaviour

Data InformationKnowledgeNOT WISDOMBehaviour

“Information only becomes knowledge through a process called learning”

Page 45: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

Short Term BenefitsShort Term Benefits

Reduce the overhead of the back room Increase effectiveness and efficiencyReduce effort on strategically

misaligned activitiesFree up scarce library programmers for

efforts aligned with goalsAlign effort with vision and strategy Invest in staff professional

development and understanding

Reduce the overhead of the back room Increase effectiveness and efficiencyReduce effort on strategically

misaligned activitiesFree up scarce library programmers for

efforts aligned with goalsAlign effort with vision and strategy Invest in staff professional

development and understanding

Page 46: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

Long Term BenefitsLong Term Benefits

Viable alternative to Google, Bing, and Facebook

Real immersive discovery targeted at real problems in context

Neutrality rulez on devicesMove beyond retrieval to research impactResearch, curriculum, learning, and

community alignmentSustainable competitive advantage

Viable alternative to Google, Bing, and Facebook

Real immersive discovery targeted at real problems in context

Neutrality rulez on devicesMove beyond retrieval to research impactResearch, curriculum, learning, and

community alignmentSustainable competitive advantage

Page 47: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

In order to achieve success, library culture

must . . .

In order to achieve success, library culture

must . . . Avoid B&W thinking Avoid dogma &

fanboyism Be agile & nimble Be experimental Temper risk

management with trial and error

Move experiments into wider adoption

Avoid B&W thinking Avoid dogma &

fanboyism Be agile & nimble Be experimental Temper risk

management with trial and error

Move experiments into wider adoption

Be agnostic Avoid polarization

and be comfortable with shades of grey

Collaborate, really. Embrace

boundarylessness Allow analytics to

push progress and impact

Be agnostic Avoid polarization

and be comfortable with shades of grey

Collaborate, really. Embrace

boundarylessness Allow analytics to

push progress and impact

Page 48: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

In order to achieve success, library culture

must . . .

In order to achieve success, library culture

must . . . Focus on the users in

context Avoid broad-based

retail consumer strategies

Ask ourselves: “Is this good for the whole eco-system of information, learning and communities?”

Be open

Focus on the users in context

Avoid broad-based retail consumer strategies

Ask ourselves: “Is this good for the whole eco-system of information, learning and communities?”

Be open

Invest in scalable solutions

Focus on Sustainability

Move from craft to industrial strength – stop hand-knitting every sweater

Don’t fear the BIG vision.

Stick to it.

Invest in scalable solutions

Focus on Sustainability

Move from craft to industrial strength – stop hand-knitting every sweater

Don’t fear the BIG vision.

Stick to it.

Page 49: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,
Page 50: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

Support Risk and Experiments

Support Risk and Experiments

Page 51: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

Take back the Strategy: Rebalance

Page 52: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

Print was complicated tooPrint was complicated too

Page 53: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,
Page 54: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,
Page 55: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,
Page 56: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

They see opportunityThey see opportunity

Page 57: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

They connect the dotsThey connect the dots

Page 58: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

They focus on ideas in the context of people (not the

reverse)

They focus on ideas in the context of people (not the

reverse)

Page 59: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

They see reasons not excuses

They see reasons not excuses

Page 60: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

They collaborate – no lone wolves

Page 61: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

They see the real issue not the pain point

They see the real issue not the pain point

Page 62: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

They are OPEN to everything

They are OPEN to everything

Page 63: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

They use critical thinking not criticism

to bulletproof initiatives

They use critical thinking not criticism

to bulletproof initiatives

Page 64: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

They play – a neotonous mindset

They play – a neotonous mindset

Page 65: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

They see.They see.

Page 66: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,
Page 67: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,
Page 68: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,
Page 69: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,
Page 70: Innovation in an Age of Limits Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg, South Africa Stephen Abram MLS, Cengage Learning (Gale) Johannesburg,

Stephen Abram, MLS, FSLAVP strategic partnerships and markets

Cengage Learning (Gale)Cel: 416-669-4855

[email protected]’s Lighthouse Blog

http://stephenslighthouse.comFacebook: Stephen Abram

LinkedIn / Plaxo: Stephen AbramTwitter: sabram

SlideShare: StephenAbram1