Innovation in space Summary of an event held on 14 March 2016at the Royal Academy of Engineering

c2 Royal Academy of Engineering Innovation in space 1

© Royal Academy of EngineeringJuly 2016

www.raeng.org.uk/space

Royal Academy of EngineeringPrince Philip House3 Carlton House TerraceLondon SW1Y 5DG

Tel: 020 7766 0600www.raeng.org.uk

Registered Charity Number: 293074

Contents

1. Foreword 2

2. Space and space technology 3

3. The UK in space 5

4. Current and future space technologies 8

5. Space-enabled services 13

6. The business of innovation in space 17

7. Further reading and information 21

8. Acknowledgements 22

Front cover photo: Galileo spacecraft formation © OHB System AG

Cutout photo: Clyde Space’s 1U Outernet Platform will send

emergency weather warnings, medical advice, as well as news and entertainment information to users

for free. Each CubeSat will receive data streams from a network of

ground stations and the data will then be transmitted to the user’s hand-held

devices on the ground© Clyde Space

Innovation in space Summary of an event held on 14 March 2016at the Royal Academy of Engineering

2 Royal Academy of Engineering Innovation in space 3

Over the past four years, the Royal Academy of Engineering has held a series of half-day conferences to showcase UK innovations within engineering sectors that have potential for growth and for global reach. This Innovation in… series has covered such sectors as aerospace and automotive, construction, agritech and cross-sectoral technologies such as autonomous systems.

The conference at the Academy on 14 March 2016 tackled space and space technology, an industry in its own right, but also an enabling technology for many other branches of business and science. It attracted engineers and business people from industry, academia and beyond to hear a series of presentations on the opportunities where the UK in particular is making a significant and increasing contribution to the international exploitation of space.

This report is not intended to be a verbatim record of the conference, which was recorded for the Royal Academy of Engineering’s website. Rather, it seeks to identify the technologies where there is potential for growth, the applications that are taking advantage of them, and the business factors that could help or hinder UK involvement. The aim is to promote further discussion, both within the Royal Academy of Engineering and beyond.

Sir Martin said that space technology was an inherent part of the response to the key challenges currently facing humankind, including the demographic realities of an ageing population, food production and water supply, security and the fight against terrorism, the monitoring of environmental change and the use of natural resources. Technologies delivered from space have the potential to be available to all and thus to kick start wealth generation

and economic growth in parts of the world that earthbound systems struggle to reach.

But future space technologies are also going to rely on the development of current innovative systems on earth, Sir Martin said. For example, many applications were based on advances in microelectronics coming out of the consumer electronics industry, and manufacturing processes to make large numbers of spacecraft for

2. Space and space technology

Space technology is an inherent part of the response to the key challenges currently facing mankind

1. Foreword

In just two generations, space has moved from being the stuff of dreams through the phase of pioneering excitement to be an essential and regular part of the infrastructure. Chairing the event, Professor Sir Martin Sweeting OBE FREng FRS, the founder and executive chairman of SSTL, Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd, said that the overriding feature of current space technology was the wide range of applications where the impact of space was felt: from communications to agriculture and from the observation of climate change to disaster prediction and relief.

2 Royal Academy of Engineering

Photo: EDRS-C, the second node of the European Data Relay System (EDRS). EDRS is designed to transmit data between low Earth orbiting satellites and the EDRS payloads in geostationary orbit using innovative laser communication technology © ESA

4 Royal Academy of Engineering Innovation in space 5

SSTL, Sir Martin Sweeting’s company which was a spin-out from the satellite research work at the University of Surrey, is an acknowledged worldwide leader in the development of small satellites for scientific missions. The UK has also long been an important part of the wider European space industry, building satellites and other components for both military and civilian missions. In addition, there is a very strong UK involvement in the scientific instrument business and in satellite communications, where deployment in space has become regular practice and UK companies are world leaders.

‘constellation’ applications depended on ideas borrowed from other industries where series production had helped to cut costs significantly.

The space community had previously thought in terms of one-off or small numbers of satellites: “The constellation concept means we need to change how we think in space,” he said. And in parallel the sheer number of spacecraft and applications for them demanded a rethink in terms of access to space, which has been

highly costly in the past using conventional techniques. That means new technologies in terms of new kinds of launchers and facilities, but also new and more open ways of doing space business. Sir Martin commented that new technologies such as air-breathing engines may change the economics of space, but will require significant investment and he welcomed the initiative around the UK Spaceport that is due for 2018.

So, although the UK has had until now a fairly limited success rate in the more highly-publicised parts of what used to be termed the ‘space race’, the other aspects mean that there is already a largely hidden but substantial £11 billion UK space industry that employs around 80,000 people directly and indirectly.

More than that, however, satellites and commercial applications of

space was identified by the UK government as one of the ‘Eight Great Technologies’ for the future, a driver of innovation, technology, applications and new businesses. The current UK government has continued the work started by the previous one under the Space Innovation and Growth Strategy (IGS), which calls for a programme of co-ordinated action to establish the UK firmly as a leading space nation

3. The UK in space

There is already a largely hidden but substantial £11 billion UK space industry that employs around 80,000 people directly and indirectly

SKYLON in flight. SKYLON is a single stage to orbit space plane designed to be powered by Synergistic Air-Breathing Rocket Engines (SABRE). © Reaction Engines Ltd

6 Royal Academy of Engineering Innovation in space 7

and to grow the UK share of the global market to a target of 10%.

The potential rewards are significant. UK space activity measured in economic terms grew by 9% a year between 1999 and 2007; the downturn of recent years has barely dented the growth, and Sir Martin Sweeting told the Royal Academy of Engineering conference that the sector was still seeing increases of 7% a year, four times the national average. Within the 20-year plan put forward under the IGS up to 2030, there are estimates for a further 100,000 UK jobs to come directly or indirectly from the business of space.

One of the factors behind optimism for UK growth in the sector is a

fundamental shift from the early days of space and the-then space race dominated by the US and the former Soviet Union and by space exploration. While the initial tentative steps into space were taken by governments and by government agencies such as the European Space Agency, public funding of space has been declining worldwide and commercial interests in sectors such as communications and science are now dominant and expanding fast. Allied with technology changes that increase the viability of smaller-scale projects, the space industry of the future is likely to be a much more broadly-based sector in terms of its players, and it is also an area where smaller companies can now make an impact.

The UK in space

Sentinel-1B heading for orbit © ESA/ATG medialab

Acquired by NigeriaSat-2 a few days before the Olympics 2012, this image shows the East End of the city of London including the Olympic Park to the North of the Thames, London City Airport, London’s flood defence – the Thames Barrier, and the Millenium Dome © NASRDA

8 Royal Academy of Engineering Innovation in space 9

STRaND-1 smartphone nanosatellite. Space researchers at the University of Surrey’s Surrey Space Centre and SSTL developed this 3U CubeSat containing a smartphone payload that used advanced commercial off-the-shelf components © SSTL/Surrey Space Centre

4. Current and future space technologies

Three of the key and overlapping applications for space technology are in the fields of earth observation, communications and fundamental science. But many of the technology and innovation challenges that space technology companies face are related to problems that would also be very familiar to earthbound engineering businesses. There is constant pressure on costs; there are demands to shorten the product development cycle and the time to launch; there are contrasting and at times conflicting requirements both for series production of satellites and for customisation to meet individual needs in terms of payloads and platforms; and there are ever more sophisticated instrumentation systems for detecting and measuring.

Developing satellite capabilities

CEO Patrick Wood outlined SSTL’s diverse set of satellite payload capabilities and described the development of a series of platforms that can flexibly accommodate different payloads. SSTL’s missions range across communications and optical missions, the latter with increasingly high resolution, to novel types of mission such as orbital maintenance. Its future ambitions

centre around missions to the moon, planets and asteroids and rendezvous in-orbit.

The cost challenges, said Patrick Wood, mean that satellite builders are increasingly looking to use commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) equipment for missions, and that in turn means there is a new and different kind of proving and testing to be done to ensure that technology that uses standard parts will work

under remote control in the tough physical conditions of space.

The Carbonite-1 earth observation trial that SSTL launched as a technology demonstrator is an example of this. The satellite, deployed as an 80kg package in a ‘gap’ among other commercial payloads in a rocket launch, uses a COTS high-definition camera and telescope combination. Because the satellite was ‘hitching a ride’ alongside other commercial satellite deployments, the test orbit is not ideal, but the trial has proved that, in a more conventional lower earth orbit, Carbonite-1 would be able to achieve a 1m resolution on ground objects. Thus emboldened, SSTL is now working on a Carbonite-2 version which will weigh just 50kg and achieve a 50cm resolution.

Cost and convenience are issues in space technology, but there are other

requirements too. Carbonite-1 has a terabyte of data storage on-board, and decisions have to be made early about data collection, storage and transmission, Mr Wood said. The question of how to miniaturise avionics to achieve the same level of reliability and functionality in ever smaller spacecraft is key, and trends elsewhere to merge cyber and physical systems and to digitise previously analogue functions through application-specific chips and programmable systems are also likely to find uses in space technology.

Many of these issues are also concerns for Airbus Defence and Space, which last year became the world’s largest supplier of the communications satellites which go into geostationary orbit. James Hinds, Director of Strategy Development, Space Systems, told the Academy conference that the dominant driver

Current and future space technologies

The question of how to miniaturise avionics to achieve the same level of reliability and functionality in ever smaller spacecraft is key

10 Royal Academy of Engineering Innovation in space 11

for his business was the need to increase capacity to handle the ever greater bandwidth that was required.

The use of communications satellites only dates back 50 years or so, but it has already seen capacity leap from the ability to handle single telephone calls to today’s multi-stranded telecommunications and internet traffic. Now, Mr Hinds said, future requirements from universal connectivity, the Internet of Things and the resultant ‘big data’ point to accelerating demand, and there are extra complications with the need to deliver signals to mobile targets, such as the developing technology in connected cars and unmanned aerial vehicles. There is a need to revisit core business models so that new requirements are delivered at the right cost. At the same time, the whole market is evolving and the infrastructure to support its development is emerging: customers are expecting the acquisition cost to be reduced, shorter lifecycles, and the use of capacity to adapt over time, he said.

Some of the extra capacity can be squeezed into satellites through the improvement of digital processors and optical links, providing “more data capacity per slice”. And some of it will also be delivered through ‘disruptive’ concepts such as the so-called constellations of satellites, where large numbers of identical

spacecraft are deployed along a single orbit to provide significantly augmented capacity, or alternatively additive manufacturing in space. Some also is likely to come through changes in launcher technology, with electric propulsion, for example, offering greater flexibility in terms of payloads.

Research and development investment at Airbus – with national government and EU support – has therefore had to be on a very broad front, with issues ranging from digital technologies and SWaP (Size, Weight and Power) performance through to the process and logistics work associated with the different goals of series production and customisation. So alongside the specific technologies associated with communications infrastructure and with spacecraft, there is a need to embrace concepts such as lean management and product re-engineering as well.

Technologies for space science missions

If there are diverse demands within the satellite communications business, then the same is true also in space science missions, Paul Eccleston, the Chief Engineer at RAL Space, said. The technologies that are relevant to current missions and in which the UK has strengths include those associated with detectors and

ExoMars 2018 Rover. The ExoMars Rover provides key mission capabilities including surface mobility, subsurface drilling and automatic sample collection, processing, and distribution to instruments © ESA

instrumentation, with the hardware and software of autonomous devices such as rovers, and with the technology not just of launching spacecraft but also of enabling them to land safely on a planet, a moon or a comet, and then to adjust and optimise their positions once landed.

Other technologies include deep cryogenic space technologies to deal with extremes of temperature, deployable structures that allow systems that cannot be launched to be built in space and high-stability structures that remain correctly aligned.

Current and future space technologies

The use of communications satellites only dates back 50 years or so, but it has already seen capacity leap from the ability to handle single telephone calls to today’s multi-stranded telecommunications and internet traffic

12 Royal Academy of Engineering Innovation in space 13

Not all space innovation happens in space. Developments in satellite and spacecraft technologies are encouraging terrestrial businesses to think about new services, or about existing services delivered in new ways. The meeting heard about three examples.

Satellite constellations for global broadband

OneWeb is a satellite communications concept that is set to take advantage of the work done on satellite miniaturisation, digitisation of communications and series production of spacecraft by groups such as SSTL and Airbus. The aim, said Vice-President of Regulatory Affairs Dr Tony Azzarelli, is to build a network of earth-orbiting satellites to provide global broadband services.

Currently, Dr Azzarelli said, 54% of the world has inadequate access to broadband or no access in any form, and even in countries such as the

UK, where there is a well-developed terrestrial infrastructure, 50% of smaller businesses complain that broadband is inadequate. OneWeb intends to deploy 648 low-earth-orbit satellites on 18 polar circuits by 2020 to give instant access with latency of less than 50 microseconds worldwide. From an initial satellite capacity of 7.5 Gbps per satellite, the global constellation can bring to bear up to 5 Tbps of new capacity, and the operator has formed a joint venture with Airbus Defence and Space at a plant in the US that will produce 900 one-cubic-metre satellites.

OneWeb’s innovation is on several levels. The delivery of the innovative

5. Space-enabled services

Universal internet access will also potentially unlock new markets in the delivery of medical services and education, in teleconferencing and in the provision of government services

The European Space Agency has set out some broad themes for space science beyond the next 10 years in its ‘cosmic vision’ – they range from exploring fundamental laws of physics and the conditions for the evolution of the universe and of life through to observation of how the solar system actually works.

While established detector technologies are evolving incrementally, completely new detector technologies are also emerging such as longwave infrared and Terahertz systems that would enable new science to be done, Mr Eccleston said. Concepts such as formation flying of satellites or using the solar winds as a spacecraft propulsion system have applications only in space, but other ideas, such as using laser systems for communications and aspects of quantum technologies,

have potential applications in terrestrial science too. For example, autonomous systems being developed for rover vehicles on the Moon or Mars have applications for earthbound businesses such as agritech, he said.

Sir Martin concluded the session on space technologies by outlining his vision of the future. He anticipated that there would be increasing international cooperation as new nations became active in space, and more cross-fertilisation of ideas. There would be increased pressure on how the human-machine-satellite interfaces would be managed to make them as effective as possible. Finally the competing requirements of reducing feature size, increasing speed and reducing power would catalyse the development of systems at electron/photon level or even biologically-based systems.

Proba-3 formation-flying. Proba-3 is the world’s first precision formation-flying mission. A pair of satellites will fly together maintaining a fixed configuration as a ‘large rigid structure’ in space to prove formation-flying technologies © ESA - P. Carril, 2013

14 Royal Academy of Engineering Innovation in space 15

overall system is reliant on a novel business plan that has raised $500 million and involves world-leading businesses, such as Qualcomm, Airbus, Intelsat and Virgin, as partners and shareholders. The group has the required satellite filings with the International Telecommunications Union that gives it access to the necessary spectrum, and launch deals with Ariane and Virgin to put its satellites into orbit. And it is sponsoring technology developments in satellite miniaturisation and series production.

But a lot of the innovation, Dr Azzarelli said, will come with what the system will enable when it is up and running. Universal internet access will facilitate already-identified markets for mobile

communications – between vehicles, for example – and disaster relief. But it will also potentially unlock new markets in the delivery of medical services and education, in teleconferencing and in the provision of government services.

Opportunities in location services and earth observation

Dr Chaz Dixon, Technical Director of Position, Navigation and Timing at the UK’s Satellite Applications Catapult, outlined some of the work that is going on in location services delivered by space technology. The first satellite-based positioning systems were driven by defence needs – the American GPS system and the Russian GLONASS have been fully operational since the mid 1990’s. A

European non-military system called Galileo is being rolled out and is due to become operational during 2016.

Defence is still a core application, but there are now much wider possibilities for navigation and location-based services in terms of intelligent transport systems, the tracking of devices and people, and the increasing market for machine services that is being enhanced by the universal connectedness of the Internet of Things. The current markets are dominated by

smartphone applications, and there will be extensions of many of these into areas such as telehealth as wearable devices develop.

Dr Dixon saw a much broader opportunity in autonomous machines, from driverless vehicles through to robotic weeding in agriculture, and new ideas are being developed through the Catapult. There remains, however, a big challenge: the difficulty of delivering services indoors, an issue that navigation and location

ESA’s Sway4edu2 system brings rural schools online via satcoms. The setup provides access to eLearning for teachers and students, media content and other online monitoring tools and information © ESA

OneWeb satellite constellation © OneWeb

Space-enabled services

There are now much wider possibilities for navigation and location-based services in terms of intelligent transport systems, the tracking of devices and people, and the increasing market for machine services that is being enhanced by the universal connectedness of the Internet of Things

16 Royal Academy of Engineering Innovation in space 17

Satellite image of the United Kingdom. Launched in February 2016, Sentinel-3A’s Ocean and Land Colour Instrument monitors ocean ecosystems, supports crop management and agriculture, and provides estimates of atmospheric aerosol and clouds © Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data [2016]/ processed by ESA

technology share with mobile telecommunications.

There are different challenges for innovation in other potential space-derived services too. Dr Samantha Lavender, director of the Pixalytics space technology consultancy and chairman of the British Association of Remote Sensing Companies, said that she was very enthusiastic about the expansion of earth observation data now available and the increasing ease of both handling the data and extracting information from it.But she was concerned that, where large-scale earth observation projects had, until now, largely been government-funded, most of the users of the data were small businesses and many of them were losing money.

There was a business conundrum in this area, she said, affecting both the space missions producing earth exploration data and the companies hoping to exploit the data. Data usage from publicly-funded missions had increased significantly when the data had been made free of charge, but the number of government-sponsored missions was always likely to be limited, and particularly so when there was little or no prospect of a return on the investment. At the same time, however, innovative small companies needed a workable business model to enable them to develop profitable services that could encourage future investment. Innovation in this area was not just about the technology, but about the whole business climate in the exploitation of science.

The conference concluded with a panel discussion that ranged over innovation, technology and business issues affecting the development and uptake of ideas derived from space. Panel members brought a broad range of expertise from different viewpoints to the discussion.

Some of the contributions addressed directly Dr Lavender’s concerns about the business model for innovative companies in space. Professor Paul Monks, Professor of Atmospheric Chemistry and Earth Observation Science at the University of Leicester, saw twin challenges in the development of space-enabled services – recognising the opportunities and then constructing a value chain from them. Craig Clark, CEO of the successful small satellite developer Clyde Space, which is actively targeting customers wanting data and data products, said that the key issue was not necessarily about focusing on innovative technology

as such, but about meeting end-user needs.

This point about aligning technology to market needs was followed up during the discussion. Catherine Mealing-Jones, Director for Growth at the UK Space Agency, said that there was a need to consider the utility of the innovation and be clear about how technology will be used in a different way even before engaging the end-user: some innovations needed to be better at saying how they were actually going to be useful to customers, she said. This was true both of applications for wealth creation and the public good. Mr

6. The business of innovation in space

There is a need to consider the utility of the innovation and be clear about how technology will be used in a different way

18 Royal Academy of Engineering Innovation in space 19

Clark added that the sector was now moving from a position where it had been largely concerned with making prototypes for individual spacecraft to a business in which it was ‘joining up the dots’ to put together serious business propositions. The focus was now on creating products that can be produced at scale and that connect the technology and the application. Professor Monks emphasised the non-linear nature of the space innovation ecosystem in which the technology might follow a ‘spin along’ pathway, spinning out into another sector and back into space at a later stage.

The role of government agencies in ‘NewSpace1’– from the huge clout of NASA in the US to the European and UK bodies – was raised in the discussion. Catherine Mealing-Jones said there was always a temptation for governments to get involved in mainly big projects, but there was recognition now that space was turning into more of an entrepreneurial business, fast-developing and differently funded, and the question governments had to ask was how they might facilitate this and deal with threats and opportunities. She saw government’s key role as regulator and spectrum allocator rather than funder.

Paul Febvre, Chief Technology Officer at the Satellite Applications Catapult, said that the European Union was always going to be an important source of collaboration for academic and industrial research,

but that there was also potentially a major role for the European Union in generating opportunities for the space sector to engage with other sectors, such as transport and health, that might make use of innovations derived from space technologies. This was particularly important in opening up new markets to support the growth of the industry.

Both Professor Monks and Paul Febvre commented on the challenge of innovation around ‘big data’ and of digitally enabling innovation through data storage services, for example. Paul Febvre discussed the potential for generating mass-market products. He said that for GNSS the baseline product for the mass market was strong. For earth observation, opportunities for high quality, high value services would need to be investigated, particularly where satellite data was being combined with other sources of data.

Professor Yang Gao, Professor of Space Autonomous Systems at the University of Surrey and head of the robotics laboratory operations at the Surrey Space Centre, commented on the long timescale for space missions from concept to implementation, and her hope for more rapid realisation of missions in the future. She thought that ‘kickstarter’ business models might have a role to play in implementing university-based ideas more rapidly as well as engaging the public in robotics and autonomy as well as other areas. Sir Martin Sweeting commented that

robotics would take on a larger role in the future in on-orbit assembly, refuelling and debris mitigation as well as space exploration.

In response to a question about the relationship between terrestrial and space telecommunications companies, Paul Febvre thought that in future there would be greater collaboration between the two industries as a result of a convergence of costs and capabilities, and that the satellite industry would need to engage with the 5G community.

One of the areas where the panel agreed that the space community needed to collaborate came in response to a question about the need for security and ‘cyber-resilience’ in space-dependent infrastructure.

Paul Febvre said that, until recently, the threats to space technology had largely been electro-magnetic: an external threat. The sector now needed to shift up a gear to address more insidious internal threats that might compromise the availability of whole systems or the assurance and integrity of data. Latent threats may exist that are ready to activate at any time. Professor Monks commented on the role of encryption and that governments would need to consider regulation so that it is not a barrier to market.

Professor Gao said that academic groups were starting to set up work on standardisation procedures and cross-sector issues and that standards organisations were interested in this area. Sir Martin Sweeting added that the liability

1 The term ‘NewSpace’ refer to the community of relatively new aerospace companies working to develop low-cost access to space or spaceflight technologies, in contrast to past approaches by government agencies and the mainstream aerospace industry.

The business of innovation in space

For future intelligent transport systems, global navigation satellite systems will enable road pricing and flexible traffic management and support services provided to connected vehicles such as crash avoidance and route optimisation

20 Royal Academy of Engineering Innovation in space 21

7. For further reading and information

HM Government, National Space Policy, 13 December 2015https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-space-policy

Space IGS, Space innovation and growth strategy: 2015 update reporthttps://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/444918/_SPACE-IGS_report-web-JJF-V2.0.pdf

UK Space Agency (2014), The Size and Health of the UK Space Industry 2014https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-space-industry-size-and-health-report-2014

Royal Academy of Engineering (2013), Extreme space weather: impacts on engineered systems and infrastructurehttp://www.raeng.org.uk/publications/reports/space-weather-full-report

Royal Academy of Engineering (2011), Global Navigation Space Systems: reliance and vulnerabilitieshttp://www.raeng.org.uk/publications/reports/global-navigation-space-systems

Innovation in space 21

Global navigation satellite systems providing accurate, continuous positioning will enable delivery drones to fly the correct course

A new type of scientist or engineer will be needed to drive forward space-enabled services

regimes would need to be considered. Catherine Mealing-Jones said that the national space security policy showed how government was addressing this issue, which was increasingly important as critical parts of national infrastructure became more dependent on space-enabled services. It was for the industry, the users and the government to work together on this, she said.

The final discussion addressed the issue of skills and training needs. Professor Monks thought that

re-skilling was vital to produce the numbers of people needed for the industry so as not to create a barrier to growth, and that a new type of scientist or engineer would drive forward space-enabled services. Sir Martin Sweeting said that fundamental knowledge was the most important part of any university course, as specialist knowledge went in and out of fashion. Catherine Mealing-Jones added that government also needed people who understood space and what it could offer to drive better policy and regulation.

22 Royal Academy of Engineering Innovation in space 23

8. Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the following speakers for their contribution to Innovation in space:

Chair

Professor Sir Martin Sweeting OBE FREng FRS Executive Chairman, Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd

Speakers

Tony AzzarelliVP of Regulatory Affairs, Oneweb

Craig Clark MBECEO, Clyde Space

Dr Chaz DixonDeputy CTO, Satellite Applications Catapult

Paul EcclestonChief Engineer, RAL Space

Paul FebvreChief Technology Officer, Satellite Applications Catapult

Professor Yang GaoProfessor of Space Autonomous Systems, Head of STAR Lab, Surrey Space Centre

James HindsDirector of Strategy Development Space Systems, Airbus Defence and Space Ltd

Dr Samantha LavenderDirector, Pixalytics and Chairman, British Association of Remote Sensing Companies

Catherine Mealing-JonesDirector for Growth, UK Space Agency

Professor Paul MonksProfessor of Atmospheric Chemistry and Earth Observation Science, University of Leicester

Patrick WoodCEO, Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd

22 Royal Academy of Engineering Innovation in space 23