PowerPoint Presentation

Emerging trends to improve Safety in automobilesBy ANIMESH SARKARNIE,mysore

Introduction

Safety in automobiles has always been a prime priority for both engineers and the customers.Automobile safety is the study and practice of design, construction, equipment and regulation to minimize the occurrence and consequences of automobile accidentsThe aim is to not only build effective cost efficient solutions but to also touch new heights in technology and development

Safety systems in automobiles can be classified into two factors on the basis of their use before and after the accident

classification

DONE TO AVOID AN ACCIDENT

Created to protect the driver during the accident.

Active safetyPassive safety

Emerging trends in active safety

safety5

ACTIVE SAFETY IN DESIGN SECTORAERODYNAMICSAutomotive aerodynamics is the study of the aerodynamics of road vehicles.It not only focuses on minimizing drag and noise emission but also provides required stability to the vehicleIt reduces unwanted lift force caused by air passing through gaps in fast moving vehicles.

Self healing materials

Self-healing materials are a class of smart materials that have the structurally incorporated ability to repair damage caused by mechanical usage over time.Use of such materials in the manufacturing of automobiles would reduce the risks of internal damages due to stress and also cost efficient maintenance.

BRAKING SYSTEMSANTI LOCK BRAKING SYSTEMWHY ?When cars at high speeds suddenly apply brakes the wheels tend to lock and are unable to be steered . This leads to instability hence skidding.

How it works?

Traction control systemTraction control system prevents wheel spin in slippery condition when the vehicle needs to be accelerated.TCS uses the same sensors like that of ABS to detect whenever one of the wheel goes faster than the others.The system can break a drive when the wheel starts to spin and transfer the torque to opposite drive wheel that still has traction. In some cases the TCS may reduce throttle opening, shift the transmission to a higher gear, and retard the ignition time in order to reduce engine capacity.

EMERGENCY BRAKE ASSIST

Interprets the speed and force by which the driver executes brakes, to determine whether it is an emergency situation.The system then overrides and fully applies the brakes until the ABS takes in control.HILL ASSISTIn hilly regions vehicles with manual or semi-automatic transmission face difficulty with applying throttle In an incline.HILL ASSIST system activates automatically when a gradient of 3% or more is detected. It then acts to hold the car stationary for 2 sec after the brake is released giving the driver time to apply the throttle.

TyresTyre pressure monitoring systemDIRECT TPMS:Here the sensors are used to monitor the tyres and has the advantage that It takes into account the factors such as tyre temperature when calculation of pressure

INDIRECT TPMS :. A decrease in tyre pressure will lead to decrease in the wheel radius.it means it will rotate faster compared to other tyres and the speed sensors will detect this change. The sensors in abs detect this and signal the driver

RUN FLAT TYRES

A run flat tyre is a pneumatic vehicle tyre that is designed to resist the effect of deflation when punctured and to enable the vehicle to continue to be driven at reduced speeds (up to 55mph), and for limited distances up to 160 km .

STEERINGADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROLADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL:Adaptive cruise control (ACC) is an intelligent form of cruise control that slows down the speed up automatically to keep in pace with the car in front of you. The driver sets the speed just as wit cruise control then the radar sensor watches the traffic ahead, locks on to the car ahead in a lane ad instructs the car to stay 2,3 or 4 sec behind the car head. Uses radar sensors, longitudinal controller, digital sensor processor.

LIGHTINIGADAPTIVE HEADLIGHTSStandard headlights shine straight ahead, no matter what direction the car is moving. When going around curves, they illuminate the side of the road more than the road itself. Adaptive headlights react to the steering, speed and elevation of the car and automatically adjust to illuminate the road ahead. When the car turns right, the headlights angle to the right. Turn the car left, the headlights angle to the left.

Night visionAn automotive night vision system is a system using a Thermo graphic camera to increase a vehicle driver's perception and seeing distance in darkness or poor weather beyond the reach of the vehicle's headlightsPassive infrared systems do not use an infrared light source, instead they capture thermal radiation already emitted by the objects, using a thermo graphic camera.

TECHNOLOGY DOWN THE ROAD

V2V TECHNOLOGYWhat is V2V?Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications comprises a wireless network where automobiles can communicate and alert the drivers on the lane.It uses a wi-fi network of 5.9Ghz, which is used by Wi-Fi. The range is up to 300 meters.

BLIND SPOT DETECTION AND COLLISION WARNINGThe technology is designed to alert the driver of cars and obstacles in his blind spot while driving and parking, usually it will activate when the driver put on the indicators , the system if detects any obstacle the light in you mirror starts flashing and the steering starts to vibrate. This technology is limited to short ranges only.

PASSIVE SAFETY

Active head restraintAn active head restraint moves forward and upward in a rear-end collision to decrease the space between the restraint and the occupants head, reducing the degree to which the head accelerates before making contact. The less acceleration, the lower the chance of injury.Using a lever-action mechanism built into a seat, The beauty of this design is that it reacts proportionately to the occupants motion

AIR BAGSAir bags are air cushions that reduce the impact on the body of the driver during a collision. The sensors in the air bags sense the intensity of the collision and inflate rapidly to protect the body of the driver and the passengers.

SEAT BELT PRETENSIONERSSeat belt pretensioners are typically pyrotechnic devices. They are triggered along with the air bags; these are slightly more sensitive as compared to the sensors for the air bags and get activated in minor collisions. The pyrotechnic device usually forms a part of the seat buckle. A steel cable links the seat belts buckle to a piston that can move along the steel tube. The steel tube attached to the piston pulls down the seat belt and eliminates any kind of slack in the belt.

CONCLUSIONThus advance technology in automobile safety along with automation control systems has led to drastic drop in fatality rate and further drop is projected by 2020 in European Union (ref graph below).

Still in India the most advance system in safety is promoted to high end vehicles some times out of reach for many. A change needs to be focused on Vehicle Law with mandatory safety system in any vehicle which can save lives.

http://auto.howstuffworks.com/car-driving-safety/safety-regulatory-devices/airbag.htmhttp://www.extremetech.com/extreme/80512-volvo-targets-injuryproof-car-by-2020http://www.slideshare.net/geniusworks/futurecar-creating-the-future-of-automotive?related=1http://blogs.internetautoguide.com/6382672/auto-news/overview-of-the-bmw-7-series-adaptive-headlight-technology/http://www.futurevehicletechnologies.com/http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/TECHNOLOGY/OVERVIEW/ldw.html\http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_night_visionhttp://auto.howstuffworks.com/adaptive-headlight.htmhttp://auto.howstuffworks.com/car-driving-safety/safety-regulatory-devices/airbag.htmREFRENCES