innovations in water energy technologies1
TRANSCRIPT
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Cha l leng es o f In teg ra t i on o fDesa l i n a t i on Powe r
Ene rgy Env ir onm en t and Secu r it y Presented by
Ghassan Ejjeh & Leon Awerbuch
ROUNDTABLE ONWATER & ENERGY
SUSTAIN ABLE TOGETHER?5 FEBRUARY 2009
HILTON DUBAI JUMEIRAH HOTEL
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The integration of energy power andwater is very important today , as it
leads to lower costs. And smaller carbonfoot print
The desalination and power technologyhas to adapt to the new environmentalconsiderations and produce plants with
higher efficiency, performance ratios,while minimising the use of materials andreducing pollution.
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Desalination is an energy and capitalintensive process.
All major desalination technologies, MultistageFlash (MSF), Multi-effect Distillation (MED andMED TVC), and Mechanical Vapor Compression
(MVC) as well as Reverse Osmosis (RO) andHybrids will be significantly affected.
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MSF reliable technology
with Performance Ratio (PR) of PR 8-10.0,
power consumption of 3.5 kWhr /ton of water,capital cost $7.50-$9.00 per IGPD. Unit size16.7-20 MIGD
MED rapidly growing, with PR-8 to PR-16, internal power
consumption of 1.2-1.8 kWhr/ton, capital costof MED from $7.00-$8.00 per IGPD.
Unit size reached 8MIGD in Sharjah, new designfor unit sizes 10-15 MIGD
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Improvements in distillation and
membrane processes TOP BRINE TEMPERATURE : The Increase of TBT
can Allow Higher Production With Almost SameDesal Trains
HYBRIDISATION : The Application Of HybridTechnologies (MSF + RO+NF, or MSF+RO+NF +MED) Can Improve Overall Efficiency
THERMAL IMPROVEMENT : Better HTC , new
materials, New MSF+MED Schemes And AncillaryEquipment.
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Potential for MED technologyimprovements
Increasing TBT from 63 C to 80-100 C withNanofiltration
Increase efficiency to PR 12-16 from current 9.
Increase unit size to 15 MIGD from current 8 MIGD
Improve HTC by oval and corrugated plates
Hybridise with MSF-RO-NF
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Seawater RO is a mature technologywith high degree of reliability with
challenge on pre-treatment.
Using electric energy recovery
devices results in total plant energyrequirements below 3.5 kWhr per tonof product.
The capital cost of the RO plant todayvary from $6.50-$7.5 per IGPD.
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Potential improvements forReverse Osmosis.
Chlo
rine
Coag
ulantFeCl3
MMF
Polishing
Filter
Intake Pond FilteredWater Tank
Cartridge
Filter
RO Unit
Draw Back
Tank
High
Pressure
Pump
SBS
Disinfec
tion
Lime
pHAdju st
Distribution
Energy Recovery
Device (ERD)
Chlo
rine
Coag
ulantFeCl3
MMF
Polishing
Filter
Intake Pond FilteredWater Tank
Cartridge
Filter
RO Unit
Draw Back
Tank
High
Pressure
Pump
SBS
Disinfec
tion
Lime
pHAdju st
Distribution
Energy Recovery
Device (ERD)
Intake System Pretreatment System RO System Post-treatment
Mix BW with SW
Bio-filter
Boron Resin
NF - NF or NF - RO Hybrid
Large Diameter RO ElementsCo-location Power Station
High Recovery RO System (Single Stage or BCS)DAFIntermittent Chlorination
High Flow or Thicker Spacer RO ElementsSubmerged MF/UFInfiltration Intake
High Efficiency ERDMF/UFBeach Well
Mix BW with SW
Bio-filter
Boron Resin
NF - NF or NF - RO Hybrid
Large Diameter RO ElementsCo-location Power Station
High Recovery RO System (Single Stage or BCS)DAFIntermittent Chlorination
High Flow or Thicker Spacer RO ElementsSubmerged MF/UFInfiltration Intake
High Efficiency ERDMF/UFBeach Well
On-going Activit ies to Reduce Costs
ERD: Energy Recovery Devices DAF: Dissolved Air Flotation BCS: Brine Conversion System
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Integrated hybrid
Blending distillate and membranepermeate will reduce requirementson Boron removal by RO.
The RO and NF membrane life canbe extended. (12 years)
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Integrated hybridenvironmental benefits
Cool RO Reject and Feed to be used as acooling source for heat reject section ofdistillation plants.
The blend of reject stream from RO with warmseawater and blowdown from distillation orpower plants reduces heavy density plume ofRO outfall.
Blend of RO permeate reduces temperature ofdistillate. A common, smaller seawater intake & outfall.
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Fujairah Hybrid.The Fujairah1 plant due to hybridizationgenerates only 500 MW net electricity for exportto the grid and 662 MW gross for waterproduction capacity of 100 MIGD. Otherwisesimilar MSF only plant in Shuweihat required1500 MW for the same 100 MIGD capacity. TheFujairah desalination plant is split into 62.5 MIGDfrom the thermal part and 37.5 MIGD from themembrane process.Fujeirah 2 will be 100 MIGD MED and 30 MIGDRO
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THE SEWA LET INTEGRATED UPGRADING
DESIGN TO INCREASE 44% THE CAPACITYOF EXISTING MSF FROM 5 MIGD to 7.2MIGD, ACHIEVED 50 % to 7.5 MIGD
MIMIMUM FOOT PRINT, NO ROOM FORNEW DESALINATION PLANTS
REDUCE OPERATING COST NO CHANGES TO INTAKE STRUCTURE NO INCREASE IN POWER FACILITIES
CUTTING MSF CAPITAL COST FORADDITIONAL CAPACITY BY 40%
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Bene f it s o f N ano f i l t ra t ion PREFERENTIALLY REMOVES SCALING
(DIVALENT) IONS
ALLOWS HIGHER TOP BRINE TEMPERATUREFOR MSF (121 vs. 110 C AND FOR MED (100vs. 63-75 C)
Higher Flash Range Increases Production andEfficiency
Reduced Capital Costs
Reduced Operating Costs
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DESALINATION and WASTE WATERAQUIFER STORAGE AND RECOVERY
(DASR) and (WASR)
The concept has critical importance tostrategic storage of water for security
It has clear economic benefits takingadvantage of idle power Has an impact on cost of pipeline
transmission from coast to Riyadh insaving power during peak demand as wellas security
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HYBRID SYSTEMS ANDDESALINATION AQUIFER
STORAGE AND RECOVERY (DASR)
DASR - Creating the Additional Water
Electrici ty demand drops to 30-40% of peak during the wintermonths
As a result, over 50% of powergeneration capacity of power-desalination plants is idle
This idle power can be used toproduce low-cost water (abovenormal demand) using nano-filt ration and other membranedesalination technologies
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With Saudi, Kuwait and Others use ofcrude or residual oil for majority of
power -desalination projects the mainenvironmental aspect will require
consideration of carbon tax or creditimposed by Global Climate treaty.
Environmental Challenges in
Power Desalination Projects
1.Stack emissions- seawater scrubbing
2. Efficiency of the power-desalination3. Seawater thermal and effluents pollution
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Can the desalination and power industries,combined adjust to the new market
conditions? The answer is yes.
Integration will provide better energy efficiencyfor all processes. Hybridisation, storage withDASR and WASR and, better match betweenpower and water requirements, better use ofexisting assets, by integrating seawater
scrubbing, chemical and mineral recovery, andgenerally innovations and new solutions, will leadto better environment
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Energy is Power,Power is Water,
Water is Security