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Innovative Applications of Geosystems

in the Hydrocarbon Industry

Innovative Geotechnical Solutions

Shahrokh Bagli

Chief Technology Officer

1Innovative Applications of Geosystems in the Hydrocarbon Industry7th February , 2014

Innovative Applications of Geosystems in the Hydrocarbon Industry

The Geosystems

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•Reservoir Lining

•Landfill Closure

•Embankment Slopes

•Effective Alternative to Structural Walls

•Slope stabilisation

•Erosion Control

• Bridges

•Railways Tunnels

•Cut-and-Cover Tunnels culverts

•Underpasses and Grade Separators

•Paved & Unpaved Roads

•Access, Haul, Emergency & Service Roads

•Road Shoulders

•Industrial Flooring

•Container Yard, Logistic Terminals and Laydown Sites

Ground Improvement

Systems

Precast Arch Systems

Slope Protection

Systems

Reinforced Soil Systems

Areas of Applications

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StrataGrid Geogrid

Basic Geosystems

StrataWeb Geocells

BEBO® Precast Arch System

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StrataWeb Geocells

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The Geocell System

Lightweight but strong three dimensional honeycomb-like cellular confinement

system

Honeycomb structure is one of the strongest structural systems

Fabricated from ultrasonically-welded HDPE strips that are expandable at site to

form the honeycomb structure

Confinement of non-cohesive material within provides rigidity to geocell system

Confinement greatly reduces the lateral movement of confined soil particles

Perforated for porewater pressure relief

Textured within for better soil-cell wall interaction

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History of Geocells

Invented by the US Army Corps of Engineers in 1970s

Used during the Vietnam and Gulf Wars for heavy equipment movement over soft /

loose ground; marshes and desert sand

Used for civilian applications in the 1980s

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StrataWeb Geocells: Load Support Applications

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Principle of Geocells for Load BearingGeocells filled with cohesionless material form rigid mats capable of distributing

imposed loads over larger area

– If q₀ is the vertical pressure

– Lateral stresses generated equals k₀(q₀+p)/2 in loaded cells

– Lateral stresses are generated in congruent cells as reaction

– This increases shear strength of the confined soil

WHICH CREATES A STIFF MATTRESS WHICH CONTRIBUTES TO DISTRIBUTING THE

LOAD OVER A LARGER AREA

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Typical Road Section

Conventional section (CBR 5%, 150 MSA) StrataWeb section

Advantages of Geocells:

Reduces overall crust thickness by reducing WMM, DBM and GSB layers

Reduces initial cost by 4-12% besides providing maintenance savings

BC 50mm

DBM 170mm

WMM 250mm

GSB 300mm

BC 50mm

DBM 140mm

WMM 100mm

GSB/quarry run 50mm

StrataWeb 150mm depth with

GSB infill

Savings in soil excavation and

quantity

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Technical aspects - Load Support Systems

With geocells

� HDPE cell walls maintain shape and integrity of the structure, allowing heavy

equivalent axle loads without lateral movement of infill material

� Cellular structure of the geocells distributes loads over a large, extended area,

reducing stress to subgrade below

� Thickness of the overall pavement section and sub-base can be decreased with

equivalent, if not greater structural integrity

� Facilitates use of lower quality aggregates and materials locally available, eliminating

need to import better quality material

Poor load-bearing soils pose significant problems for

both paved and unpaved surfaces

Unpaved roads in wet conditions and high axle loads

are vulnerable to near-surface shear failure and

rutting

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Engineered Solution for:

Roads

- National & State Highways

- Access / Service Roads

- Port Roads

- Haul roads, Paved / Unpaved roads to oil fields

- Road Shoulders

Railway ballast confinement and subgrade strengthening

Slope Erosion Protection

Reservoir Lining

Embankment Ground Improvement

Tank Farm Pads, Pipe Supports

Terminal Depots

Tanker loading / unloading Terminals Terminal

Lay-down Sites

Industrial Flooring

Applications

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Application - Load Support

Roads - Paved & Unpaved Ports & Container Yards

Industrial Flooring Basal Improvement

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Benefits – Load Support Applications

Strength: By spreading the imposed load, it improves the load carrying capacity of a

weak base

Cost-effective Solutions: Use of locally available and cheaper material in decreased

quantities reduces raw material costs and consumption; allows a thinner road

section hence lesser excavation

Logistics: Easy to transport owing to its flat and collapsible structure

Rapid Installation: Proven to be an all weather installation system with minimal

requirement of specialized equipment and labour

Maintenance: Reduces the frequency of maintenance and effort required in each

maintenance cycle

Environmental Friendly: Smaller carbon footprint due to minimal logistics and

resource requirements

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StrataWeb Geocells: Slope Protection Applications

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Geocells provided along the slope surface to prevent erosion of the slope surface

due to surface run-off

Geocells may be filled

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with plain cement concrete

(pcc)

with soils with fertiliser and seeds

Slope Erosion Protection


Landfill Lining

Slope Protection

Application- Slope Protection and Lining

Reservoir Lining

Canal Lining

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Landfill Lining

Slope Protection

Application- Slope Protection and Lining

Reservoir Lining

Canal Lining

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Steep Slopes: Can be used to line slopes as steep as up to 1V:1H

Logistics: Sections are transported in collapsed format and concrete is poured through RMC mixers or placer booms

Customised: Can be cut and placed as per the contour of slope

Infilling: Can be filled with concrete / gravel / soil supporting vegetation

Rapid installation: Can easily cover 400m2 per day and no special equipment required during execution

Liner Protection: Puncturing of underlying geomembrane can be avoided

Protection Thickness: Requires less thickness; up to 80mm; hence there is savings in terms of concrete

Economical: Requires negligible maintenance as compared to conventional solutions

Design Life: Over 100 years

Benefits - Slope Protection System

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BEBO® Precast Concrete Arch System

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Precast Concrete Arch: History

Old Principle (since 800BC) – using modern

Technology

Patented Swiss precast arch technology for bridges,

culverts and underground structures developed in

1965

Over 1000 structures the world over since 47 years

and spans up to 30m

Applications –

– Small to middle span bridges (up to 30m and

more)

– Cut-and-cover tunnels (road, rail)

– Culverts and underground structures (drainage

channels, storage, etc.)

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Precast Concrete Arch: Technology

Fabrication and Design conform to the Design Standards of various Codes

Soil – Reinforced Concrete Structure Interaction Systems

Thickness adequate to take up stresses due to applied loads

Thickness is small enough such that arch flexing develops resistance between “at

rest” and “passive” from the soil behind

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Arch Elements Designed for:Arch Elements Designed for:

• Transportation• Transportation

• Handling and Erection• Handling and Erection

• Backfill Load Cases• Backfill Load Cases

1.83 m (6')1.22 m (4')

1.83 m (6')2.44 m (8')

2.44 m (8')3.05 m (10')

1.5 ft Overfill

0.61 m (2')

Precast Concrete Arch: Technology

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• In-Service Loads with overfill ranging

from 0.5m – 5m

• In-Service Loads with overfill ranging

from 0.5m – 5m

• State-of-the-art Finite Element Analysis

Software

• State-of-the-art Finite Element Analysis

Software


ArchesArches

FootingsFootings

SpandrelsSpandrels

WingWallsWingWalls Arch

ElementSpandrel Wall

Foundation

WingWall

Precast Concrete Arch: Components

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The E-Series (Elliptic)

Span Range from 3.7m to 25.6m

Overfills from 0.5m to 5.0m


Overfills from 0.5m to 5.0m

Precast Concrete Arch: BEBO® Series

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The C-Series (Circular)


Designed for high overfill applications


Designed for high overfill applications

Precast Concrete Arch: BEBO® Series

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Innovative Applications of Geosystems in the Hydrocarbon Industry27

BEBO® Casting and Installation

Innovative Applications of Geosystems in the Hydrocarbon Industry 28

BEBO® : NH-30 Skew IOCL Pipeline Crossing


Economy:

– Concrete savings by virtue of a thinner section

– While weight of steel per unit concrete volume is high, there is overall

savings due to thinner section

Speed

– Installation of basic concrete segments within hours

– No restriction for construction machinery to traverse the structure once

minimum overfill height is achieved

Quality

– Safety through compliance with specifications and guidelines

– Longevity owing to earth overfill

– Much easier maintenance

– No approach slabs or bridge decks to deteriorate

– Environment friendly – massive savings in sand, cement, steel

BEBO® : Benefits

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StrataGrid Geogrid

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Manufactured under stringent quality controls

using specialised High Tenacity (HT) Polyester Yarn

HT yarn is made from PET polymer with:

– High molecular weight (>25,000 g/ mol)

– Low CEG number, less than 30

– Low creep

Has unique UV stabilised Polymer Modified

Bituminous (PMB) Coating:

– Which provides excellent environmental,

chemical and mechanical properties

– Its unique feature ensures minimum

thermal exposure to PET fibre, hence

preventing polymer degradation and

enhancing performance results like low

elongation

Geogrid: StrataGrid

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Concept of Soil Reinforcement

A box is filled with

aggregates

Compaction of

aggregates

Collapse of aggregates after

removal of confining walls

Insertion of Geogrid at intervals

with aggregate filling in layers

Confinement walls rendered

redundant

Aggregates now take the load of an

SUV

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Typical RS structure cross section

Components of a RS Structure

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Reinforced Soil Wall

Applications

Block Faced RS Wall Panel Faced RS Wall

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Applications

Reinforced Steep Slope

Landfills

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Applications

Road Subgrade Stabilization

Rail Track Stabilization

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Thank You

Your partner in quality, safety, efficiency and growth

www.strataindia.com

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