LighthousesLighthouses

Kalena GriesKalena Gries

Educ 373Educ 373

Dec. 7, 2009Dec. 7, 2009

My ExperienceMy Experience

• This past summer I went on vacation This past summer I went on vacation with my family to Michigan. During this with my family to Michigan. During this trip, we visited several lake-side towns trip, we visited several lake-side towns and saw lots of lighthouses. I had liked and saw lots of lighthouses. I had liked lighthouses and their solidarity before lighthouses and their solidarity before this trip, but this trip just sealed the this trip, but this trip just sealed the deal. This fascination with lighthouses deal. This fascination with lighthouses has led me to want to know more about has led me to want to know more about them.them.

Questions That AroseQuestions That AroseFrom the ExperienceFrom the Experience

• What is the purpose of lighthouses?What is the purpose of lighthouses?

• Where are lighthouses located?Where are lighthouses located?

• Which lighthouse was built first? Which lighthouse was built first? Which is the biggest? Which is the Which is the biggest? Which is the smallest?smallest?

• Are there really lighthouse keepers?Are there really lighthouse keepers?

Connection to the StandardsConnection to the Standards

• 4.1.8 – Recognize and explain that any 4.1.8 – Recognize and explain that any invention may lead to other inventions.invention may lead to other inventions.

• 4.3.11 – Investigate, observe, and explain that 4.3.11 – Investigate, observe, and explain that things that give off light also give off heat.things that give off light also give off heat.

• 6.3.12 – Describe ways human beings protect 6.3.12 – Describe ways human beings protect themselves from adverse weather conditions.themselves from adverse weather conditions.

• 6.3.17 – Recognize and describe that energy 6.3.17 – Recognize and describe that energy is a property of many objects and is is a property of many objects and is associated with heat, light, electricity, associated with heat, light, electricity, mechanical motion, and sound.mechanical motion, and sound.

Rain, Snow, Fog, or Shine…Rain, Snow, Fog, or Shine…

• ““Lighthouses are used to mark dangerous coastlines, Lighthouses are used to mark dangerous coastlines, hazardous shoals and reefs, and safe entries to harbors hazardous shoals and reefs, and safe entries to harbors and can also assist in aerial navigation. Once widely and can also assist in aerial navigation. Once widely used, the number of operational lighthouses has used, the number of operational lighthouses has declined due to the expense of maintenance and declined due to the expense of maintenance and replacement by modern electronic navigational aids.” replacement by modern electronic navigational aids.” They use light and sound to help guide ships around They use light and sound to help guide ships around dangerous harbors.dangerous harbors.

• Many lighthouses are now simply open for tourism and Many lighthouses are now simply open for tourism and used in art.used in art.

• Lighthouses are also used as symbols of beacons of Lighthouses are also used as symbols of beacons of truth for various organizations. truth for various organizations.

• Because of their isolated and mysterious nature, Because of their isolated and mysterious nature, lighthouses are often featured in horror and suspense lighthouses are often featured in horror and suspense films.films.

LighthouseLighthouse. (2009). Retrieved November 10, 2009, from Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia: . (2009). Retrieved November 10, 2009, from Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighthousehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighthouse..

Location, Location, Location, Location, Location!Location!• Lighthouses can be found all over the Lighthouses can be found all over the

world along lake, sea, and ocean world along lake, sea, and ocean coastlines. They are built in any harbor coastlines. They are built in any harbor deemed hazardous to sea vessels. deemed hazardous to sea vessels.

• With over 130 lighthouses, Michigan is With over 130 lighthouses, Michigan is the state with the most lighthouses.the state with the most lighthouses.

• It is currently unknown which country It is currently unknown which country has the most lighthouses because no has the most lighthouses because no one has really counted them all.one has really counted them all.

Legendary LighthousesLegendary Lighthouses• ““The earliest lighthouses were simply bonfires built on hillsides to The earliest lighthouses were simply bonfires built on hillsides to

guide ships. The first light served the old world city of Alexandria in guide ships. The first light served the old world city of Alexandria in 285 B.C.” 285 B.C.”

• ““The first American lighthouse (as far as we know) was a stone tower The first American lighthouse (as far as we know) was a stone tower built by the colony of Massachusetts and lit for the first time on built by the colony of Massachusetts and lit for the first time on September 14, 1716, on Little Brewster Island (then called Beacon September 14, 1716, on Little Brewster Island (then called Beacon Island) in Boston Harbor. Unfortunately, this lighthouse doesn't Island) in Boston Harbor. Unfortunately, this lighthouse doesn't survive; retreating British troops blew it up on June 13, 1776.”survive; retreating British troops blew it up on June 13, 1776.”

• ““The tallest lighthouse in the world is the Yokohama Marine Tower, a The tallest lighthouse in the world is the Yokohama Marine Tower, a steel tower at Yamashita Park, Yokohama. It stands 106 m (348 ft) steel tower at Yamashita Park, Yokohama. It stands 106 m (348 ft) high.”high.”

• Nelson Head may be the shortest lighthouse in the world. However, Nelson Head may be the shortest lighthouse in the world. However, “We don't know. This may well be the shortest building that houses “We don't know. This may well be the shortest building that houses a navigation light, but, regrettably, this is not a recognized a navigation light, but, regrettably, this is not a recognized measurement in nautical circles.”measurement in nautical circles.”

Legendary LighthousesLegendary Lighthouses. (2009). Retrieved November 10, 2009, from PBS: . (2009). Retrieved November 10, 2009, from PBS: http://www.pbs.org/legendarylighthouses/index.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/legendarylighthouses/index.html..

Lighthouse DirectoryLighthouse Directory. (2009). Retrieved November 10, 2009, from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: . (2009). Retrieved November 10, 2009, from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/..

LighthousesLighthouses. (2009). Retrieved November 10, 2009, from Did You Know?: . (2009). Retrieved November 10, 2009, from Did You Know?: http://www.didyouknow.org/lighthouses.htmhttp://www.didyouknow.org/lighthouses.htm..Lighthouses of Australia ProjectLighthouses of Australia Project. (2002). Retrieved November 10, 2009, from Lighthouses of Australia Project: Monthly . (2002). Retrieved November 10, 2009, from Lighthouses of Australia Project: Monthly

Bulletin: http://www.lighthouse.net.au/Lights/Bulletin/0203/Bulletin%20Mar%2002.htm#ShortestLight.Bulletin: http://www.lighthouse.net.au/Lights/Bulletin/0203/Bulletin%20Mar%2002.htm#ShortestLight.

Legendary LighthousesLegendary Lighthouses

Yokohama Marine Tower

Nelson Head

Lighthouse KeepersLighthouse Keepers

• ““After 1852 the US was divided into Lighthouse Districts; After 1852 the US was divided into Lighthouse Districts; originally eight, they eventually numbered 19. Each District originally eight, they eventually numbered 19. Each District was run by a Naval Officer appointed by the Lighthouse was run by a Naval Officer appointed by the Lighthouse Board as the District Inspector. In 1910, civilians started Board as the District Inspector. In 1910, civilians started replacing the military officers.”replacing the military officers.”

• ““Lighthouse keepers were needed to trim the wicks, Lighthouse keepers were needed to trim the wicks, replenish fuel, wind clockworks and perform maintenance replenish fuel, wind clockworks and perform maintenance tasks such as cleaning lenses and windows.” tasks such as cleaning lenses and windows.”

• ““Inventions, electrification and automatic lamp changers Inventions, electrification and automatic lamp changers began to make lighthouse keepers obsolete. For many began to make lighthouse keepers obsolete. For many years, lighthouses still had keepers, partly because years, lighthouses still had keepers, partly because lighthouse keepers could serve as a rescue service if lighthouse keepers could serve as a rescue service if necessary. Improvements in maritime navigation and necessary. Improvements in maritime navigation and safety such as GPS have led to the phasing out of non-safety such as GPS have led to the phasing out of non-automated lighthouses, with the last keepers removed in automated lighthouses, with the last keepers removed in the 1990s.”the 1990s.”

LighthouseLighthouse. (2009). Retrieved November 10, 2009, from Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia: . (2009). Retrieved November 10, 2009, from Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighthousehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighthouse..

Additional InformationAdditional Information

• The definition of a lighthouse is actually The definition of a lighthouse is actually kind of controversial. The best definition kind of controversial. The best definition that I found is: “A that I found is: “A lighthouselighthouse is a is a lightbeacon having a height of at least 4 lightbeacon having a height of at least 4 meters (13 ft) and a cross-section, at the meters (13 ft) and a cross-section, at the base, of at least 4 square meters (43 sq ft). base, of at least 4 square meters (43 sq ft). This simple definition does not require that This simple definition does not require that a lighthouse have any particular form or a lighthouse have any particular form or appearance. The structure of a lighthouse appearance. The structure of a lighthouse may be enclosed, partially enclosed, or may be enclosed, partially enclosed, or completely open.” completely open.”

Lighthouse DirectoryLighthouse Directory. (2009). Retrieved November 10, 2009, from the University of North Carolina at . (2009). Retrieved November 10, 2009, from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: Chapel Hill: http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/..

ReferencesReferences

• Giambarba, P. (1969). Giambarba, P. (1969). The Lighthouse at DangerfieldThe Lighthouse at Dangerfield. . Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company.Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company.

• Lobel, A. (2000). Lobel, A. (2000). One Lighthouse, One MoonOne Lighthouse, One Moon. New York, NY: . New York, NY: Greenwillow Books.Greenwillow Books.

• Swift, H.H. (1942). Swift, H.H. (1942). The Little Red Lighthouse and The Great The Little Red Lighthouse and The Great Gray BridgeGray Bridge. San Diego, CA: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc. . San Diego, CA: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc.

• Warner, G.C. (1963). Warner, G.C. (1963). The Lighthouse MysteryThe Lighthouse Mystery. Chicago, IL: . Chicago, IL: Albert Whitman & Company.Albert Whitman & Company.

• Legendary LighthousesLegendary Lighthouses. (2009). Retrieved November 10, . (2009). Retrieved November 10, 2009, from PBS: 2009, from PBS: http://www.pbs.org/legendarylighthouses/index.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/legendarylighthouses/index.html. .

• LighthouseLighthouse. (2009). Retrieved November 10, 2009, from . (2009). Retrieved November 10, 2009, from Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia: Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighthousehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighthouse. .

• LighthousesLighthouses. (2009). Retrieved November 10, 2009, from . (2009). Retrieved November 10, 2009, from Did You Know?: Did You Know?: http://www.didyouknow.org/lighthouses.htmhttp://www.didyouknow.org/lighthouses.htm..

Other ResourcesOther Resources

• Lighthouse DirectoryLighthouse Directory. (2009). Retrieved November 10, . (2009). Retrieved November 10, 2009, from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: 2009, from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/. http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/.

• Lighthouses of Australia ProjectLighthouses of Australia Project. (2002). Retrieved . (2002). Retrieved November 10, 2009, from Lighthouses of Australia November 10, 2009, from Lighthouses of Australia Project: Monthly Bulletin: Project: Monthly Bulletin: http://www.lighthouse.net.au/Lights/Bulletin/0203/Bulletinhttp://www.lighthouse.net.au/Lights/Bulletin/0203/Bulletin%20Mar%2002.htm#ShortestLight. %20Mar%2002.htm#ShortestLight.

• PhotosPhotos– http://images.evalu8.org/images/lighthouse-with-house.jpghttp://images.evalu8.org/images/lighthouse-with-house.jpg – http://www.miltonheiberg.com/images/Lighthouses-068-12-1http://www.miltonheiberg.com/images/Lighthouses-068-12-1

2-04.jpg2-04.jpg– http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Hikawhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Hikaw

amaru_and_Marine_tower.jpgamaru_and_Marine_tower.jpg

– http://www.australianpictorials.com/images/http://www.australianpictorials.com/images/Nelson_Head_Lighthouse_3.jpgNelson_Head_Lighthouse_3.jpg