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Insect ClassificationInsects & Diseases
KingdomPhylum
Class> Order
FamilyGenus
Species
Remember the classification scheme?
Approximately 30 orders.
Most are insignificant and are only studied for scientific purposes.
Mites Ticks Spiders Mollusks (also spelled mollusc)
◦ Snails◦ Slugs
Non-Insect Pests
Largest number of species – 1 in 5 living creatures is a beetle!
Mostly CHEWING MOUTHPARTS Complete Metamorphosis Two pairs of wings
◦ Front pair thick, hard, meet in a line◦ Back pair membranous, used for flight
Some of our best known pest species◦ Japanese beetle◦ white grub◦ weevils◦ rootworms
Coleoptera - Beetles
Coleoptera (beetles)Greek “koleos”= sheath, “ptero”= wing
Coleoptera (beetles)
Spot ID Chewing
mouthparts
Coleoptera (beetles)
Spot ID Chewing
mouthparts Forewings (elytra)
form hard shell covering hindwings
Variable size Adults have 2 pairs of membranous wings
covered with scales Antennae usually knobbed, thread-like, or
feathery Complete metamorphosis Mouthparts
◦ Adults – lapping or sucking◦ Larvae – chewing
Lepidoptera – Butterflies & Moths
Lepidoptera (butterflies & moths)Greek “lepido”= scale, “ptero”= wing
Coiling-sucking mouthparts
Lepidoptera (butterflies & moths)Greek “lepido”= scale, “ptero”= wing
Coiling-sucking mouthparts Four wings covered with scales
Many familiar friends and foes in Lepidoptera:◦ Caterpillars◦ Butterflies◦ Moths◦ Cutworms◦ Armyworms◦ Borers◦ Leafminers
One pair of wings Halteres in place of hindwings Piercing, sucking, sponging mouthparts Complete metamorphosis Larvae known as maggots
◦ usually legless, many aquatic Important econ. pest, disease vectors Mosquitos, flies Mostly beneficials for hort. crops
Diptera - Flies
Diptera (flies)Latin “di”= two, “ptero”= wing
Diptera (flies)Latin “di”= two, “ptero”= wing
Spot ID Two wings
Diptera (flies)Latin “di”= two, “ptero”= wing
Spot ID Two wings
◦ Hind wings reduced to halteres
Diptera (flies)Latin “di”= two, “ptero”= wing
Spot ID Two wings
◦ Hind wings reduced to halteres
Sponging-sucking mouthparts◦ Except
mosquitoes and some others that pierce skin
Two pairs of wings or wingless Antennae with 10 or more segments Mouthparts chewing/lapping Complete metamorphosis Female ovipositor may be modified into
stinger or saw-like structure Many are colonial Many harmful and beneficial species
◦ bees, wasps, ants, sawflies
Hymenoptera – Ants, Bees, & Wasps
Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, & ants)Greek “hymen”=membrane, “ptero”=wing or Hymen, the Greek god of marriage because the forewing & hindwings are joined together with small hooks
Hooks not shown
Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants)
Spot ID Chewing mouthparts
Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants)
Spot ID Chewing mouthparts Four membranous
wings
Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants)
Spot ID Chewing mouthparts Four membranous wings Waist often constricted
Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants)
Spot ID Chewing mouthparts Four membranous wings Waist often constricted Females with ovipositor
or stinger at end of abdomen
Two pairs of wings usually present; flat over body when resting
Forewings with the basal portion thickened and leathery and the wingtip membranous
Hindwings entirely membranous Piercing, sucking beak Simple metamorphosis – juveniles (nymphs)
resemble adults◦ Chinch bugs◦ Squash bugs◦ Box elder bugs
Hemiptera – True Bugs
Hemiptera (true bugs)Greek “hemi” = half, “ptero” = wing
Spot ID A beak: piercing-sucking
mouthparts
Hemiptera (true bugs)Greek “hemi” = half, “ptero” = wing
Spot ID A beak: piercing-sucking
mouthparts Forewings covering hindwings
◦ Wing half membrane, half thickened
Some consider this a suborder of Hemiptera May or may not have wings Some with wings held tent-like Many are plant feeders Piercing/sucking beak Simple metamorphosis Some bear live offspring (viviparity) Can be very small
Homoptera – Cicadas, Hoppers, Aphids, & Scale
Many important ornamental and greenhouse pests◦ Aphids◦ Whitefly◦ Scale◦ Leafhoppers◦ Cicadas◦ Mealybugs
Homoptera continued
Diversity in Homoptera
Class Insecta◦ Order Dermaptera – earwigs◦ Order Thrysanthoptera – thrips◦ Order Neuroptera – lacewings, mantids, ect.◦ Order Orthoptera – crickets, grasshoppers, roaches
Class Diplopoda – Millipedes Class Chilopoda – Centipedes Class Archnida
◦ Order Acari Ticks Mites
Phylum Mollusca Slugs Snails
Managed in same ways as insects
Other orders, classes, phyla
Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets)
Spot ID Jumping hind legs
Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets)
Spot ID Jumping hind legs Some with ovipositor
at hind end
Dermaptera (earwigs)Greek “derma” = skin, “ptero” = wing
Spot ID Long skin-like hindwings
folded under very short forewings
Dermaptera (earwigs)Greek “derma” = skin, “ptero” = wing
Spot ID Long skin-like hindwings
folded under very short forewings
Pinchers off end of abdomen
The End