1

matika elxTMBr

CMBUkTI 1 bTb,BatiTUeTA>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>4

CMBUkTI 2 sabnRKb;RKg>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>9

CMBUkTI 3 karnaMcUlsarBagkayEkcrs;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>11

CMBUkTI 4 karnaMecjsarBagkayEkcrs;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>13

CMBUkTI 5 karvaytmhaniPy>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>14

CMBUkTI 6 ksarsarBagkayEkcrs; >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>15

CMBUkTI 7 Btmansmat;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>17

CMBUkTI 8 karesIerIBinitesckIseRmceLIgvij>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>18

CMBUkTI 9 karpl;Btman karelIkkm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>19

CMBUkTI 10 eTasb,Bati>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>22

CMBUkTI 11 Gvsanb,Bati>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>23

]bsm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>25

2

3

RBHraCRkm

eyIgnsrkm0208006

RBHkruNaRBH)aTsemcRBHbrmnaf neratm sIhmunI

smanPUmiCatisasna rktxtiya exmrardraRs

BuTinaFramhakSRt exmraCna smUehaPas

km

4

Rbkas[eRbI

c,ab; sIBICIvsuvtiPaB EdlrdsPa)anGnumtkalBIfTI 28

Ex F qaM 2007 nasmyRbCMurdsPa elIkTI 7 nItikalTI 3

nigEdlRBwTsPa)anyl;RsbtamTRmg; nigKtinc,ab;enHTaMgRsug

edayKankarEkERbGVIeLIykalBI fTI 18 Ex mkra qaM 2008

nasmyRbCMueBjGgRBwTsPaelIkTI 4 nItikalTI 2 ehIyEdlman

esckITaMgRsug dUcteTAenH

5

c,ab;sIBI

CIvsuvtiPaB

6

CMBUkTI 1

bTb,BatiTUeTAmaRta1>-

c,ab;enHmaneKalbMNg

- GnuvteKalkarN_RbugRbytsIBICIvsuvtiPaB- Tb;sat;plb:HBal;GviCmaneTAelIkarGPirkSCIvcRmuHnigFnFanFmCatinRBHraCaNacRkkm

7

maRta2>-kgc,ab;enH BakbeckeTsmYycMnYnmanGtnydUcteTA

- kareRbIR)as;kgRBMEdnkMNt;kareRbIR)as;kgRBMEdnkMNt;kareRbIR)as;kgRBMEdnkMNt;kareRbIR)as;kgRBMEdnkMNt;kareRbIR)as;kgRBMEdnkMNt; sMedAdl;RbtibtikarbskmPaBNamYyEdlTak;TgnwgsarBagkayEkcrs;

EdleFVIeLIgenAkgTIkEng b meFa)ay b ]bkrN_Na

mYy ehIysitenAeRkamviFankarCak;lak;EdlTb;sat;

min[sarBagkayEkcrs;TaMgenaHb:HBal;eTAdl;brisan

xageRkA .

- karbBalsarBagkayEkcrs;eTAkgbrisanedaykarbBalsarBagkayEkcrs;eTAkgbrisanedaykarbBalsarBagkayEkcrs;eTAkgbrisanedaykarbBalsarBagkayEkcrs;eTAkgbrisanedaykarbBalsarBagkayEkcrs;eTAkgbrisaneday

ectnaectnaectnaectnaectna sMedAdl;kareRbIR)as;sarBagkayEkcrs;

Edl)anbBatikgc,ab;enH edIm,IykeTAdaM b sabeRBaH

enATIERscMkar b dak;cUleTAkgTwk b beBajeTAkg

briyakas kardak;lk;enATIpSar kareFVIGMeNaykarpl;

[EtBMuEmnCasarBagkayEkcrs;eRbIR)as; kgRBMEdn

kMNt; b EdlnaMcUlsRmab;eRbIR)as;pal;CambGahar

b cMNIstV b ksRmab;eFVIkarEkceTACaGVIepSgeTot

eLIy.

- CIvbeckviTaTMenIb CIvbeckviTaTMenIb CIvbeckviTaTMenIb CIvbeckviTaTMenIb CIvbeckviTaTMenIb sMedAdl;karGnuvtnUv k-beckeTsGasuItnuyekGiukGaMgvIRt rYmmankarRbmUl

pMnUvGasIutDIGuksIurIbUnuyekGiuk nigkarcak;GasuIt-

nuyekGuikedaypal;eTAkgekasika b srIrag .

x-karrlaycUlKanekasikaEdlminEmnCaRKsar

8

EtmYy EdlmanlTPaBykQHnUvkarpliteLIgvij

tamlkNrUbsaRsFmCati b Ca]bsKdl;karpMbBal

KaeLIgvij ehIykminEmnCabeckeTseRbIR)as;enAkgkar

bgat;BUC b kareRCIserIstamrebobburaN .

- mas;sMeNI mas;sMeNI mas;sMeNI mas;sMeNI mas;sMeNI sMedAdl;nItibuKl b rUbvnbuKlEdlCUn

dMNwgBIbMNgeRbIR)as;sarBagkayEkcrs; nig b esI

suMkarkPaBCamunkgkarnaMcUl b naMecjBIRBHraCaNa

cRkkm-c,ab;enHGnuvtcMeBaHkarnaMcUl nignaMecj kareRbIR)as;kg

RBMEdnkMNt; karbBalsarBagkayEkcrs;eTAkgbrisan

edayectna nigkareRbIR)as;pal;edIm,ICambGahar bcMNIstV

b edIm,IEkcnUvsarBagkayEkcrs; EdlGacb:HBal;dl;kar

9

GPirkS nigkareRbIR)as;CIvcRmuHedaynirnrPaB RBmTaMgbBaa

suxPaBmnusSpgEdr .

c,ab;enHnwgminGnuvtcMeBaH

- sarBagkayEkcrs; sRmab;eRbICasfEdlmanEcgkgkicRBmeRBogGnrCatiEdlBak;Bn

- sarBagkayEkcrs;EdlRKan;EtdwkCBanqgkat; EtBuMmanTisedAykmkeRbIenAkgRBHraCaNacRkkm-rUbvnbuKl b nItibuKl Edl)anpl;dMNwgfamanbMNg

eFVIskmPaB b RbtibtikarTak;TgnwgsarBagkayEkcrs; dUcCa

kareRbIR)as;kgRBMEdnkMNt; karbBaleTAkgbrisanedayectna

nig b edIm,IeRbIR)as;edaypal;eFVICambGahar CacMNIstV b

edIm,IEkcenAkgRBHraCaNacRkkm

10

kMNt;kgnItiviFIsIBIkarvaytmhaniPy dUc)anEcgkgCMBUkTI4

ehIynigmanEcglmitedayRbkasrbs;RksYgbrisan bnab;BIman

karBieRKaHeyabl;CamYysabnmansmtkic EdlBak;Bn.

maRta5>-rUbvnbuKl b nItibuKl EdlTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHskmPaB

b RbtibtikarNamYy EdlBak;BnnwgsarBagkayEkcrs;

eRkambTb,Batinc,ab;enHRtvFanafa kareRbIR)as;kgRBMEdn

kMNt; karbBaleTAkgbrisanedayectna kareRbIR)as;pal;

CambGahar CacMNIstV b sRmab;eFVIkarEkc karnaMcUl

nigkarnaMecjsarBagkayEkcrs; RtUv)anGnuvttambTb,Bati

TaMgLaync,ab;enH edayGnuvtdUcteTA

- erobcMyuTsaRsRKb;RKghaniPy- manEpnkarsRmab;edaHRsayRKamanGasnedaycdn- begItynkarpkgsRmab;RtYtBinitsuvtiPaB- raykarNCabnan;eTARksYgbrisan enAeBlNaEdlGk

eFVIskmPaBenaH )andwgfaBtmanviTasaRsfI)anbgaj

[dwgfaskmPaB b Rbtibtikar nig b sarBagkayEk

crs;rbs;xnnwgbNaleGaymankarb:HBal;CaGviCman

dl;karGPirkS nigkareRbIR)as;CIvcRmuHedaynirnrPaB

RBmTaMgsuxPaBmnusSpgEdr

11

- RtUvmanviFankaredIm,ITb;sat;CamunnUvkarbBalsarBagkayEkcrs;eTAkgbrisanedayGectnaRBmTaMgman

viFankaredaHRsay nigkat;bnyhaniPyeTAelICIvcRmuH

nigsuxPaBmnusS enAeBlNaEdlehtukarNenH

ekItmaneLIg .

CMBUkTI 2sabnRKb;RKg

maRta6>-RksYgbrisan edayshkarCamYyRksYgBak;BnRtUvRtYt

Binitral;skmPaB nig RbtibtikarEdlBak;BnnwgsarBagkay

Ekcrs; Edl)anbBatiedayc,ab;enH .

RksYgbrisan CasabnbegalCati nigCasabnmansmtkic

kgkarGnuvtbTb,Batinc,ab;enH .

maRta7>-kgkarTTYlxusRtUvCasabnbegalCati dUc)anEcgkg

maRta 6 xagelIenH RksYgbrisanRtUveFVICasabnTMnak;TMngdMbUg

rvagraCrdaPi)alnRBHraCaNacRkkm

12

evlaeTARbeTsdTeTot nigmNlEckcayBtmanCIvsuvtiPaB

RBmTaMgGgkarGnrCati EdlBak;BnTaMgLaykgkrNIman

ehtukarN_NamYy enAkgRBHraCaNacRkkm-raCrdaPi)al RtUvcat;taMgbegItRkumviTasaRsBieRKaHeyabl;

mYytamsMeNIrbs;RksYgbrisan edIm,Ipl;eyabl;viTasaRs

nigbeckeTsdl;RksYgbrisan kgkarBinitBakesIsMurbs;mas;

esIsMu karvaytmhaniPy nigkareFVIesckIseRmcyl;RBm

RBmTaMgkgkarerobcMsg;dasRmab;TItaMgskmPaB nigRbtibtikar

Tak;TgnwgsarBagkayEkcrs;eRkambTb,Batinc,ab;enH.

RksYgksikm rukaRbmaj; nigensaT eFIVCaRbFan nigRksYg

brisan eFIVCaGnuRbFannRkumviTasaRsBieRKaHeyabl;

EdlRtUvbegIteLIg .

13

maRta9>-raCrdaPi)al RtUvbegItKNkmaFikarCatiCIvsuvtiPaBmYy

EdldwknaMedayrdmnIRksYgbrisanedIm,IdwknaMkgkarerobcM

eKalneya)ay nigEpnkaryuTsaRsCIvsuvtiPaB .

CMBUkTI 3karnaMcUlsarBagkayEkcrs;

mata10>-karnaMcUlCaelIkTImYynUvsarBagkayEkcrs; mkkg

RBHraCaNacRkkm-karnaMcUlsarBagkayEkcrs;mkkgRBHraCaNacRkkm

14

maRta12>-RksYgbrisanRtUveqIytbCalaylkN_GkSrsIBIkar)an

TTYlBakesIsMueTAmas;esIsMuvijkgryeBly:agyUrekAsib

90f cab;BIfTTYlBakesIsMuenH edaybBaak;BIeyabl;rbs;

xnfa mas;esIsMuGacGnuvtkicdMeNIrkarsMukaryl;RBmCamun)an

b BMu)an .

maRta13>-kgryeBly:agyUrBIrrycitsib 270 f bnab;BI)an

TTYlBakesIsMu dUc)anEcgkgmaRta 11 nigmaRta 12 n

c,ab;enH RksYgbrisanRtUvCUndMNwgCalaylkN_GkSreTA

mas;esIsMu nigeTAbNajpSBVpSayBtmanCIvsuvtiPaBCatisIGMBI

karseRmcrbs;xn .

maRta14>-karnaMcUlCaelIkTImYynUvsarBagkayEkcrs; mkkg

RBHraCaNacRkkm

15

brisanBinitnUvviBaabnbRtCalaylkN_GkSrBIsabnman

smtkicnRbeTsEdlnaMecj edaybBaak;BIPaBRtwmRtvn

BtmanTak;TgnwgsarBagkayEkcrs;EdlRtvnaMcUl .

maRta15>-enAeBlEdlRksYgbrisan )anseRmcyl;RBmcMeBaH

sarBagkayEkcrs; edIm,IeRbIR)as;pal; CambGahar CacMNIstV

b sRmab;eFVIkarEkcenaH RksYgbrisanRtUvCUndMNwgdl;smaCik

TaMgLaynBiFIsarkataehSNa tamrymNlEckpSay

BtmanCIvsuvtiPaBkgryeBldb;R)aM 15 f.

maRta16>-lixityl;RBmCaeKalkarN_rbs;RksYgbrisanRtUvPab;

CamYynwgkarGnuBaatnaMcUlsarBagkayEkcrs;.

CMBUkTI 4karnaMecjsarBagkayEkcrs;

maRta17>-rUbvnbuKl b nItibuKlEdlmanbMNgnaMecjBIRBHraCaNa

cRkkm

16

maRta18>-RksYgmansmtkicEdlBak;Bn GacecjlixitGnuBaatnaM

ecjsarBagkayEkcrs;BIRBHraCaNacRkkm-GknaMecjsarBagkayEkcrs; BIRBHraCaNacRkkm-RksYgbrisan RtUvFanaeGaymankarvaytmdsmRsbGMBI

haniPy cMeBaHral;skmPaBTak;TgnwgsarBagkayEkcrs;

Edl)anbBatikgc,ab;enH .

17

maRta21>-mas;sMeNIRtvTTYlbnkkgkarvaytmhaniPy nigTTYl

ra:b;rgelIcMNayTaMgGs;sRmab;karvaytmenH . enAeBl)an

TTYllTplnkarvaytmhaniPy nigksarBak;Bn

TaMgLayEdl)antRmUvedayc,ab;enH RksYgbrisannwgpl;kar

kPaBCaeKalkarN_edayman b KanlkxN b tRmUveGay

pl;BtmanbEnm b bdiesFminpl;karkPaB .

CMBUkTI 6ksarsarBagkayEkcrs;

maRta22>-rUbvnbuKl b nItibuKl EdlnaMcUl b naMecjBI

RBHraCaNacRkkm-elIkElgEtmanbTb,Batic,ab;EcgedayELkBIsarBag-

kayEkcrs;EdlRtvnaMcUl b naMecjBIRBHraCaNacRkkm

18

- cMeBaHsarBagkayEkcrs; edIm,IeRbIR)as;pal;CambGaharCacMNIstV b sRmab;eFVIkarEkcRtUvbBaak; eGayc,as;fa

TMnijTaMgenaHGacpknUvsarBagkayEkcrs; ehIynwgmin

manbMNgbBaleTAkgbrisan edayectnaeLIy

- cMeBaHsarBagkayEkcrs; edIm,IbBaleTAkgbrisanedayectna RtUvbBaak;eGayc,as;BIGtsBaaNlkN

Bak;Bn lkxNtRmUvkarBIsuvtiPaBkgkarevcxb; kar

elIkdak; kardwkCBan kareRbIR)as; nigkarrkSaTuk

nwgRtUvbBaak;pgEdrBImnITMnak;TMngedIm,ITTYlBtman

bEnmRBmTaMgbBaak;fa kardwkCBanqgEdnnUvsar

BagkayEkcrs;enH RsbtambBatinBiFIsarkataehSNa

sRmab;GknaMecj

- cMeBaHsarBagkayEkcrs; edIm,IeRbIR)as;kgRBMEdnkMNt;RtUvkMNt;[c,as;faCasarBagkayEkcrs; nigbBaak;

eGaydwgBIlkxN tRmUvkarsuvtiPaBkgkarevcxb; kar

elIkdak; kardwkCBan kareRbIR)as; nigkarrkSarTuk

nigRtUvbBaak;pgEdrBImnITMnak;TMngedIm,ITTYlBtman

bEnmeTotkgenaHRtverobrab;BIeQaH Gasydanrbs;

buKl nigsabnEdlRtUvRbKl;sarBagkayEkcrs; .

19

maRta24>-sarBagkayEkcrs; nigplitplEdlmanpksar-

BagkayEkcrs;RtvmanbiTpaksBaac,as;las;.

CMBUkTI 7Btmansmat;

maRta25>-RksYgbrisan tRmUv[mas;esIsMupl;BtmanmYycMnYn

Edlmas;esIcat;TukfaCaBtmansmat; edIm,IFanarkSakarsmat;.

kgkrNIdUc)anEcgxagelIenH RksYgbrisanmansiTi

eFVIkarseRmcfayl;RBm b minyl;RBmcat;TukfaCaBtman

smat; Edlmas;esI)anesI.

maRta26>-RksYgbrisanRtUvecjesckIseRmcfayl;RBm b bdiesFCa

laylkN_GkSrelIkaresIBtmansmat;enaH edaypl;nUvmUl

ehtusmRsbdl;mas;esI.

maRta27>-RksYgbrisan nigsabnBak;BnRtUvrkSakarBarBtmansmat;

dUc)anEcgkgmaRta 25 nc,ab;enH. kareRbIR)as; b GnuBaat

eGayeRbIR)as;Btmansmat;TaMgenaH RtUvmankarkPaBCa

laylkN_GkSrBImas;esI muneFIVkarpSBVpSayCasaFarN .

20

maRta28>-EbbbTlmitBIkarrkSaBtmansmat; nigkarpSBVpSay

CasaFarNnwgRtUvkMNt;edayGnuRkwt .

CMBUkTI 8karesIerIBinitesckIseRmceLIgvij

maRta29>-RksYgbrisan nigsabnBak;BnGaceFVIkaresIerIBiniteLIgvij

GMBIkarseRmcNamYyrbs;xn cMeBaHskmPaBRbtibtikarkar

naMcUl b naMecjsarBagkayEkcrs; enAeBlNamYyEdl)an

TTYlBtmanfIc,as;las;bBaak;fa sarBagkayEkcrs; b

skmPaBRbtibtikar karnaMcUl b naMecjBak;BnGacbNal

eGaymankarb:HBal;CaGviCmandl;karGPirkS nigkareRbIR)as;

CIvcRmuHedaynirnrPaBRBmTaMgKitdl;bBaahaniPycMeBaH

suxPaBmnusS .

enAeBlNaEdlRksYgbrisaneFVIkaresIerIBiniteLIgvij

cMeBaHbBaasarBagkayEkcrs;EdlsitenAeRkambTb,Bati

nc,ab;enH RksYgbrisanRtUvCUndMNwgdl;mNlEckpSay

BtmanCIvsuvtiPaB.

maRta30>-kgkrNIRksYgbrisan eFVIkarpas;bresckIseRmcyl;RBm

cMeBaHkarnaMcUl edIm,IeKalbMNgNamYynUvsarBagkayEkcrs;

21

enaHRksYgbrisanRtvCUndMNwgBImUlehtunkarpas;brenHdl;

mas;esIEdl)andak;BaksuMBImunmk nig b )anTTYlkarkPaB

cMeBaHkarnaMcUlkgryeBlsamsib 30f .

maRta31>-mas;esIEdl)anesIsuMkarkPaBCamun kgkarnaMcUl

sarBagkayEkcrs;rbs;;xnkgeKalbMNgNamYyEdlRtUv)an

TTYlkarbdiesF GaceFVIkaresIsMueTARksYgbrisanBiniteLIgvij

BIkarseRmcrbs;xn kgkrNIEdlmas;esIGacrk)anBtman

viTasaRsbeckeTsbEnmeTot b kgkrNIEdlxnyl;fa

GacnaMeTArkkareFVIkarEkERblTplnkarvaytmhaniPy .

bnab;BI)anBicarNaelIBtmanfI nig b karERbRbln

kaleTsTaMgenH rYcehIyRksYgbrisanGaceFVIkarBiniteLIg

vij)an b krkSaTukesckIseRmcrbs;xnBImunmk ehIyRtUvCUn

dMNwgeTAmas;esIvijkgryeBlekAsib 90 fedayman

bBaak;BImUlehtunkarseRmcrbs;xn .

CMBUkTI 9karpl;Btman karelIkkm-

RksYgbrisan nigsabnBak;BnRtUvelIkkm

22

maRta33>-RksYgbrisan nigsabnBak;Bn RtUvpas;brBtmanTak;Tg

nwgbBaasarBagkayEkcrs;CaRbcaM .

maRta34>-RksYgbrisan nigsabnBak;Bn RtUvelIkTwkcitdl;karcUlrYm

pl;eyabl;rbs;saFarNCnkgkareFVIesckIseRmc nigeFVI

EpnkarRKb;RKgTak;TgnwgbBaaCIvsuvtiPaB .

CMBUkTI 10eTasb,Bati

maRta35>-TNkmnbTelIsCIvsuvtiPaBrYmman eTasCab;BnnaKar

eTasBinyCaR)ak; karBinyGnrkarN_ karrwbGUs nigkarRBman.

eTasCab;BnnaKar eTasBinyCaR)ak; nigkarrwbGUsCa

smtkictulakar .

karBinyGnrkarN_ nigkarRBmanCasmtkicrbs;

RksYgbrisan .

k gkrNICnelI sminRBmbg;R)ak;BinyGnrkarN_

RksYgbrisanRtUverobcMsMNMuerOgbwgeTAtulakarmansmtkic

kgryeBldb;R)aM 15 f Kitcab;BifcugeRkay EdlRksYg

brisantRmUv[CnelIsbg;R)ak;Biny .

23

maRta36>-R)ak;BinytamGMNacsalRkm b saldIkatulakar b

R)ak;BinyGnrkarN_ b R)ak;)anmkBIkarlk;vttag tUvbg;cUl

fvikaCati .

maRta37>-rUbvnbuKl b nItibuKl Edl)anTTYlkarGnuBaat nigkMBug

dMeNIrkarskmPaBTak;TgnwgsarBagkayEkcrs; )andwgfaBtman

viTasaRssMxan;fI rkeXIjBIhaniPybNalmkBIskmPaB

rbs;xnGacbgehtub:HBal;CaGviCmaneTAelIkarGPirkS nigkar

eRbIR)as;CIvcRmuHedaynirnrPaB nigsuxPaBmnusS b:uEnxnBMu)an

raykarN_eTARksYgbrisanRtUvTTYlkarRBmanCalaylkN_GkSr.

RksYgbrisan RtUveFIVkarBinitesckIseRmcrbs;xneLIgvij

nig b bdiesFlixitGnuBaat .

maRta38>-rUbvnbuKl b nItibuKl b GkeFVIskmPaBNamYyEdl

raraMg b eFVI[mankarraraMgmnIrbs;RksYgbrisan min[bMeBj

Parkicrbs;xntambTb,BatinmaRta 7 vakxNTI3 nc,ab;enH

RtUvBinyGnrkarN_CaR)ak;BIR)aMEsn500>000erol dl;mYylan1>000>000erol.

24

kgkrNIBMuragcal RksYgbrisanRtUverobcMsMNMuerOg

bwgeTAtulakarmansmtkic.

maRta39>-CnNaEdlelIsnwg maRta 10 maRta 11 b maRta

14 nc,ab;enHnwgRtvBinyCaR)ak;cab;BImYylan 1>000>000

erol dl;R)aMlan 5>000>000erol.

kgkrNIminragcalnwgRtUvBinyeTVmYyCaBIr edayBMuTan;Kit

bBalBIeTasRBhTNepSgeTot cMeBaHbcynbTelIsEdl

bNaleGayb:HBal;dl;karGPirkS nigkareRbIR)as;CIvcRmuH

edaynirnrPaB nig b:HBal;dl;suxPaBmnusS.

maRta40>-CnNaEdlmanectnapl;BtmanEdltRmUvedaymaRta 22

xusBIkarBit b edayBgVagBIkarBit b edayeFVI[PnRcLM

eTaHtamviFINakedaynwgRtvpnaeTasdak;BnnaKarBImYy 01qaM

dl;R)aM 05qaM nig b RtvBinyCaR)ak;BIbYnlan 4>000>000

erol dl;mlan 20>000>000erol .

kgkrNIminragcalRtUvpnaeTaseTVdg TaMgeTasBiny

CaR)ak; TaMgeTasdak;BnnaKar edayBMuTan;KitbBalnUveTas

RbEhs xVHkarRbugRbyt b mineKarBbTb,bBatinc,ab;enH

25

RBhTNepSgeTot cMeBaHbcynbTelIsEdlbg[man

karb:HBal;Fn;Frdl;karGPirkS nig kareRbIR)as;CIvcRmuHeday

nirnrPaB nig b suxPaBmnusS.

maRta41>-kgkrNImanPstagc,as;las;bgaj[eXIjfa rUbvnbuKl

b nItibuKl dUc)anEcgkgmaRta 37 manectnalak;kM)aMg

BtmanBIhaniPynskmPaBsarBagkayEkcrs;rbs;xneTAelI

CIvcRmuH nig suxPaBmnusS RtUvTTYlkarpnaeTasBinyCaR)ak;

BIdb;lan 10>000>000erol dl;hasiblan 50>000>000

erol b pnaeTasdak;BnnaKarBImYy 01qaM dl;R)aM 05qaM

b eTasTaMgBIrenH .

maRta42>-vttagnskmPaBxusc,ab;TaMgGs; EdlTak;Tgnwg

sarBagkayEkcrs; dUc)ankMNt;kgmaRta39 nigmaRta40

rYmTaMg]bkrN_EdlCakmvtbg[manbTelIsRtUvrwbGUsCa

sm,tird . karrwbGUs nigkarseRmcelIvttagCasmtkictula

kar .

26

CMBUkTI 11Gvsanb,Bati

maRta44>-nItiviFIGnuvtbTb,BatiEdlmanEcgkg

- maRta 6 maRta 15 maRta 17 maRta 20 maRta22 maRta 25 nigmaRta 31 nc,ab;enHRtUvkMNt;eday

GnuRkwttamsMeNIrrbs;RksYgbrisan .

maRta45>-bTb,Bati TaMgLayNaEdlpynwgc,ab;enHtUvTukCa

nirakrN_ .

maRta43>-Pak;garGFikarkic bmnIbrisanrUbNaEdlmankareFVs

RbEhs xVHkarRbugRbyt bmineKarBbTb,bBati nc,ab;enH

RtUvTTYlTNkmxagvinyrd)al nigb ecaTRbkan;cMeBaH

muxtulakar . Pak;garGFikarkic bmnIbrisanrUbNaEdlpSMKMnit

nwgGkRbRBwtbTelIs bCYysRmYldl;karRbRBwtbTe;lIsenH

RtUvpnaeTasdUccarIEdr .

27

eFIVenARBHbrmraCvaMg raCFanIPMeBj/

fTI 18 Ex kum qaM 2008

RBHhselxa nig RBHraClBakr

neratm sIhmunI

Brl> 0802>133

)anykesckIRkabbgMTUlfVay

sUmLayRBHhselxaRBHmhakSRt

naykrdmnI

htelxa

semcGKmhaesnabtIeteCa hun Esn

)anCRmabCUnsemcGKmhaesnabtIeteCa hun Esn

naykrdmnI nRBHraCaNacRkkm

28

]bsm< nvaksB

kareRbIR)as;kgRBMEdnkMNt; ( Contained uses ) sMedAdl;Rbtibtikar b skmPaBNamYyEdlTak;TgnwgsarBagkayEkcrs;

EdleFVIeLIgenAkgTIkEng b meFa)ay b ]bkrN_NamYy

ehIysitenAeRkamviFankarCak;lak; EdlTb;sat;mineGay

sarBagkayEkcrs;TaMgenaHb:HBal;eTAdl;brisanxageRkA .

karbBalsarBagkayEkcrs;eTAkgbrisanedayectna

sMedAdl;kareRbIR)as;sarBagkayEkcrs; Edl)anbBatikg

c,ab;enH edIm,IykeTAdaM b sabeRBaHenATIERscMkar b dak;cUl

eTAkgTwk b beBajeTAkgbriyakas kardak;lk;enATIpSar

kareFVIGMeNay karpl;[EtBMuEmnCasarBagkayEkcrs;eRbIR)as;

kgRBMEdnkMNt; b EdlnaMcUlsRmab;eRbIR)as;pal;CambGahar

b cMNIstV b ksRmab;eFVIkarEkceTACaGVIepSgeToteLIy.

CIvbeckviTaTMenIb (Modern Biotechnology)

sMedAdl;karGnuvtnUv

k-beckeTsGasuItnuyekGiukGaMgvIRtU (In-vitro Nucleic Acid

Techniques) rYmmankarRbmUlpMnUvGasIutDIGuksIurIbUnuyekGiuk nigkar

cak;GasuItnuyekGuikedaypal;eTAkgekasika b srIrag .

29

x-karrlaycUlKanekasikaEdlminEmnRKYsarEtmYy

EdlmanlTPaBykQHnUvkarpliteLIgvijtamlkNrUb

saRsFmCati b Ca]bsKdl;karpMbBalKaeLIgvij ehIykmin

EmnCabeckeTseRbIR)as;enAkgkarbgat;BUC b kareRCIserIstam

rebobburaN .

GasIutDIGuksIurIbUnuyekGiuk (DNA) CaBakkat;sRmab ;deoxyribonucleic acid EdlBImuneKsresrCa desoxyribonucleic acid.

CaRcva:k;b:UlIEm:rEvgmYynedGuksIurIbUnuyekGUTIt . DNACabgrbs;rUbFatuEhSnnsarBagkay nigFatuekasikanana ehIyCaTUeTA

vasitkgTRmg;;ehLiceTV . eTaHbICay:agNakI cegamEhSn

rbs;vIrusxHekIteLIgBIExS DNAmYycMENk xHeTotmanExS

RNA (Ribonucleic acid)mYy b BIr.

sarBagkayrs; (Living Organisms) sMedAdl;GgCIvcRmuHTaMgLayNaEdlmansmtPaBkgkarepr b pliteLIgvijnUv

sarFatuesenTic rYmTaMgsarBagkayEdlminGacbnBUC)anvIrus

nigvIrUGuIt .

GCIvit (Abiotic) GvtmanPavrs; b sucxumR)aN bsarBagkaymanCIvit. EpknsarBagkayrs;EdlBMumanlTPaBykmkbn BUC daM b ciBawmcat;TukfaCasmasPaKGCIvit.

30

haniPy (Risks) sMedAelIeRKaHfak;EdlbN almkBIsarBagkayEkcrs;mkelIbrisan CIvcRmuH sgm vb,Fmnig esdkic .

clnaqgEdn (Transboundary movement) sMedAelIclnansarBagkayEkcrs;BItMbn;mYyeTAtMbn;mYyeTot b BIRbeTs

mYyeTARbeTsmYyeTottamryskmPaB mnusS bFmCati .

sabnbegalCati (National Focal Point) sMedAelIRksYgrbs;rdaPi)alEdlTTYlxusRtUvelIkargar rd)aledIm,ITMnak;TMng

CamYyelxaFikardanGnusBaaCIvcRmuHnig BiFIsarkataehSNasIBICIvsuvtiPaBnigPaKInanaEdlCasmaCikBiFIsar.

GCJaFrsmtkicCati (National Competent Authority) sMedAelIRksYg b naykdanCMnajEdlEtgtaMgedayraC

rdaPi)alkgkarRsavRCavGPivDn_eRbIR)as;sarBagkayEkcrs;nigvaytmhaniPybNalmkBIsarBagkayEkcrs;.

CIvcRmuH (Biological Diversity) sMedAdl;bNalsarBagkayxusKaenAkgRbePTEtmYy b RbePTepSgKa nigbNasarBagkayrs;nRKb;lMdab;fak; nigRbPBTaMgGs;rYmTaMgRbBneGkULsIuEdndIeKak EdndIsmuRT EdnTwksab nigbNaTMnak;TMngeGkULsIuEdlenAkgenaHmanRbBneGkULsIuTaMgenH.

31

32

CONTENT PAGE

CHAPTER I General Provisions 33

CHAPTER II Institutional Arrangements 36

CHAPTER III Import of LMOs 38

CHAPTER IV Export of LMOs 39

CHAPTER V Risk Assessment 40

CHAPTER VI Documentation for LMOs 40

CHAPTER VII Confidential Information 41

CHAPTER VIII Review of Decisions 42

CHAPTER IX Public Information,

Awareness Bublic and Public Participation 43

CHAPTER X Penalties 44

CHAPTER XI Final Provisions 46

ANNEX 47

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Reach Kramns/rkm/0208/006

Promulgation

The Law on Biosafety , which was passed by the National Assemblyon December 28, 2007 during the 7th Session, 3rd term and fully passedby the Senate on January 18, 2008 at the 4th session, 2nd term ispromulgated on February 15, 2008 and elaborated as follows:

Kingdom of CambodiaNation Religion King

Law onBiosafety

CHAPTER IGeneral Provisions

Article 1.

The objectives of this law are to:

- Implement the precautionary approach on biosafety;- Prevent adverse impact on the conservation of biodiversity

and natural resources in the Kingdom of Cambodia causedby the transboundary movement, development, handling,transfer, use, storage, and release of living modifiedorganisms resulting from modern biotechnology;

- Ensure effective conservation of biodiversity andsustainable use of biological resources, taking also intoaccount risks to human health;

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- Provide a transparent process for making and reviewingdecisions on living modified organisms and related activitiesand operations;

- Develop biotechnology education while preventingenvironmental and health hazards associated with the useand release of living modified organisms;

Article 2.

Technical terms used in this law shall have the following meaning:

-Applicant means a legal or natural person that notifies itsintent to use living modified organisms and/or applies for priorapproval to import into or export from the Kingdom of Cambodiaany living modified organism for any purpose;

-Biosafety is a word to describe efforts to reduce and eliminatethe potential risks resulting from biotechnology and its products.

-Contained use means any operation, undertaken within afacility, installation or other physical structure, which involves livingmodified organisms that are controlled by specific measures thateffectively limit their contact with, and their impact on, the externalenvironment;

-Intentional introduction of LMOs into the environmentmeans the deliberate use of LMOs subject to this act that is notcontained use, including field release and planting, release into waterand/or air, placing on the market for sale, free gifts/samples anddonations but not including LMOs imported for direct use as food orfeed, or for processing;

-Living modified organism (LMO) means any living organismthat possesses a novel combination of genetic material obtainedthrough the use of modern biotechnology;

-Living organism means any biological entity capable oftransferring or replicating genetic material, including sterile organisms,viruses and viroids;

-Modern biotechnology means the application of:

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a. In vitro nucleic acid techniques, including recombinantdeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and direct injection of nucleic acid intocells or organelles, or

b. Fusion of cells beyond the taxonomic family, that overcomenatural physiological reproductive or recombination barriers and thatare not techniques used in traditional breeding and selection.

Article 3.

This law shall apply to the import and export, contained use,intentional introduction into the environment, and direct use as foodor feed or for processing of living modified organisms that may havean adverse effect on the conservation and sustainable use of biologicaldiversity, taking also into account risks to human health.

This law shall not apply to:- Living modified organisms that are pharmaceuticals for

human use that are addressed by relevant internationalagreements and/or organizations;

- Living modified organisms in transit through but notdestined for use in the Kingdom of Cambodia;

- Any other categories of living modified organisms thatmay be exempted by the National CompetentAuthority; and

- Any processed products containing dead modifiedorganisms or non-living components of geneticallymodified organisms.

Article 4.

Any legal or natural person who wants to conduct any activity oroperation involving contained use, intentional introduction into theenvironment, and/or direct use as food or feed or for processing ofLMOs in the Kingdom of Cambodia shall be subject to approval bythe Ministry of Environment prior to authorization by the concernedcompetent authority.

Any activity or operation involving LMOs covered by this law shallcomply with the standards and measures for managing and controlling

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the risks identified in the risk assessment process established underChapter V.

Article 5.

Any legal or natural person responsible for any activity or operationinvolving LMOs covered by this law shall ensure that contained use,intentional introduction into the environment, direct use as food, feedor for processing, import, and export of LMOs is carried out inconformity with this law and all Sub-decrees implementing this lawby, among other things:

- Developing a risk management strategy;- Providing an emergency response plan for accidental release;- Establishing mechanisms for internal monitoring of safety;

- Reporting immediately to the Ministry of Environment whenthe operator becomes aware of new scientific informationindicating that these activities or operations and/or the LMOsinvolved may adversely affect the conservation and sustainableuse of biodiversity, taking into account risks to human health;

- Taking measures to prevent an unintentional introduction ofLMOs into the environment and to respond to and mitigateany harm to biodiversity and human health when unintentionalintroduction into the environment occurs.

CHAPTER IIInstitutional Arrangements

Article 6.

In collaboration with other concerned ministries, the Ministry ofEnvironment shall manage and control all activities and operationsinvolving LMOs covered by this law.

The Ministry of Environment shall be the National Focal Point andNational Competent Authority for implementing the provisions of thislaw and those of the Cartagena Protocol.

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Article 7.

As the National Focal Point stated in Article 6 above, Ministry ofEnvironment shall be the primary contact between the RoyalGovernment of Cambodia and the Secretariat of the CartagenaProtocol.

As the National Competent Authority, the Ministry of Environmentshall be responsible for the administrative functions required toimplement this law. These functions shall include timely notificationto other States, the Biosafety Clearing-House, and relevantinternational organizations of any event in the Kingdom of Cambodiathat may result in the unintentional trans-boundary movement of anLMO.

An authorized official of the Ministry of Environment, in collaborationwith designated officers from Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry andFisheries, may enter and inspect the premises where any activities oroperations involving LMOs covered by this law are being, or havebeen, carried out, take samples and/or confiscate LMOs to facilitatefurther investigation.

Article 8.

The Royal Government shall establish, following a proposal by theMinistry of Environment, a Scientific Advisory Team (SAT) to providescientific and other technical advice to the Ministry of Environmentin reviewing the applications, applications, risk assessments andapprovals, and in setting standards for facilities, operations andactivities involving LMOs subject to this law. Ministry of Agriculture,Forestry and Fisheries shall be the chairperson and Ministry ofEnvironment shall be vice-chairperson for the SAT.

Article 9.

The Royal Government shall establish a National Steering Committeefor Biosafety chaired by the Minister for Environment to serve as theleading body in the development of a biosafety policy and strategicplanning.

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CHAPTER IIIImport of LMOs

Article 10.

The first import of an LMO into the Kingdom of Cambodia forcontained use shall be subject to risk assessment and approval by theMinistry of Environment prior to application to the concernedcompetent authority for the import permit.

Article 11.

All imports of LMOs into the Kingdom of Cambodia for intentionalintroduction into the environment shall be subject to risk assessmentand approval by the Ministry of Environment prior to application tothe concerned competent authority for the import permit.

The applicant shall notify the Ministry of Environment of the intentto import.

Article 12.

Within ninety (90) days, the Ministry of Environment shallacknowledge the receipt of the application and advise the applicantwhether it may proceed to the prior approval process.

Article 13.

Within two hundred and seventy days (270 days) after receiving theapplication as stipulated in articles 11 and 12, the Ministry ofEnvironment shall notify the applicant in writing and the nationalBiosafety Clearing-House on its decision.

Article 14.

The first import into the Kingdom of Cambodia of an LMO for directuse as food or feed or for processing shall be subject to risk assessmentand prior approval by the Ministry of Environment, in consultation

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with the concerned competent authority, prior to application for theimport permit.

Any legal or natural person who wants to import an LMO for directuse as food or feed or for processing shall submit to the Ministry ofEnvironment written certification issued by the Competent NationalAuthority of the State of export that attests to the accuracy of theinformation provided concerning the LMO to be imported.

Article15.

When the Ministry of Environment approves any LMO for direct useas food or feed or for processing, it shall inform other Parties to theCartagena Protocol through the Biosafety Clearing-House withinfifteen (15) days.

Article 16.

The letter of approval of the Ministry of Environment must be attachedto the import permit for any LMO.

CHAPTER IVExport of LMOs

Article 17.

Any legal or natural person who intends to export LMOs covered bythis law from the Kingdom of Cambodia shall notify the nationalcompetent authority of the proposed importing State in writing priorto applying to the concerned competent authority of the Kingdom ofCambodia for an export permit.

Article 18.

The concerned competent authority of the Kingdom of Cambodia mayissue a permit to export LMOs only after receipt of authorization inwriting from the national competent authority of the proposedimporting State. The authorization from the proposed importing party

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must be attached to the export permit and/or other documentationaccompanying the consignment.

Article 19.

The exporter shall get from the Ministry of Environment writtencertification of the accuracy of all information provided about theLMO to be exported. Such certification shall be attached to the exportpermit and/or other documentation accompanying the consignment.

CHAPTER VRisk Assessment

Article 20.

The Ministry of Environment shall ensure that appropriate riskassessments are carried out for all actions related to LMOs that requireprior approval under this law.

Article 21.

The exporter/applicant shall carry out the risk assessment and shallbear all related costs. Upon receipt of the results of the risk assessmentand other documentation required under this law, the Ministry ofEnvironment may grant approval with or without conditions, requestadditional information, or deny approval.

CHAPTER VI Documentation for LMOs

Article 22.

Any legal or natural person who imports LMOs into or exports LMOsfrom the Kingdom of Cambodia for any purpose shall provideaccompanying documentation that clearly identifies them as LMOsand specifies any requirements for their safe handling, transport, use,and storage.

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Article 23.

Except any law or regulations otherwise specify, LMOs that areimported into or exported from the Kingdom of Cambodia shall beaccompanied during transboundary movement and upon delivery tothe port of entry by documentations that cover:

1- LMOs for direct use as food or feed or for processing,clearly identify that the goods may contain LMOsand are not intended for intentional introduction intothe environment;

2- LMOs for intentional introduction into theenvironment, specify their identity and relevantcharacteristics and any requirements for their safehandling, transport, use, and storage, specifies thecontact point for further information, and also statesthat the transboundary movement is in conformitywith the requirements of Cartagena Protocolapplicable to the exporter;

3- LMOs for contained use, clearly identify them as LMOs,specify any requirements for their safe handling,transport, use and storage, and specify the contactpoint for further information including the name andaddress of the individual and the institution to whichthe LMOs are consigned.

Article 24.

Living modified organisms and items containing living modifiedorganisms shall be clearly labeled.

CHAPTER VIIConfidential Information

Article 25.

The Ministry of Environment shall require the applicant/importer toprovide some information that applicant regard as confidentialinformation to ensure confidentiality.

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In the above mentioned case, the Ministry of Environment may decidewhether it accepts as confidential the information designated by theapplicant.

Article 26.

The Ministry of Environment shall decide whether it accepts or rejectsthe claims of confidentiality of information to applicant withappropriate justification.

Article 27.

The Ministry of Environment and other concerned ministries shallprotect confidential information under Article 25. The use or permitthe use of such confidential information shall have the written consentof the applicant before public dissemination.

Article 28.

Detail procedures on confidential information and public informationdissemination shall sate in the Sub-Decree.

CHAPTER VIIIReview of Decisions

Article 29.

The Ministry of Environment and concerned ministries may reviewany decision on activities, operations, import or export at any time onobtaining significant new information indicating that the LMOs orthe activities, operations, import or export involved may adverselyaffect the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, taking alsointo account risks to human health.

When the Ministry of Environment revises any decision on an LMOcovered by this law it shall inform the Biosafety Clearing-House.

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Article 30.

If the Ministry of Environment changes a decision approving importof any LMO for any purpose, the Ministry of Environment shall, withinthirty (30) days, inform the applicant that has previously applied forand/or received approval to import the LMO of the reasons for itsrevised decision.

Article 31.

Any applicant whose request for prior approval of import of an LMOhas been denied may request the Ministry of Environment to reviewits decision when there is additional technical and scientificinformation available and/or when the applicant considers there hasbeen a change of circumstances that may influence the outcome ofthe risk assessment.

After considering the new information and/or changedcircumstances, the Ministry of Environment may revise or maintainits original decision and shall respond in writing within ninety (90)days, giving the reason for its decision.

CHAPTER IXPublic Information,

Awareness Bublic and Public Participation

Article 32.

The Ministry of Environment and other concerned ministries shallpromote awareness and education for the general public stipulatedby this law.

Article 33.

Information related to LMOs shall be regularly disseminated amongthe Ministry of Environment and other concerned authorities.

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Article 34.

The Ministry of Environment and other concerned ministries shallencourage public to participate and provide feedback in planning anddecision making process relevant to biosafety issues.

CHAPTER XPenalties

Article 35.

Penalty of biosafety crime composes of: imprisonment, fine in cash,transitional fine, confiscation, and warning.

Imprisonment, fine, and confiscation are under the court jurisdiction.

Transitional fine and warning are under the competence of Ministryof Environment.

In the case of violator denies the transitional fine, Ministry ofEnvironment shall prepare a complaint case to the competent court.

Article 36.

Fine under any verdict or court decision or transitional fine or moneyfrom selling evidences shall return to the national treasury.

Article 37.

Legal or natural person, who is permitted to operate or conduct LMOsrelated activities, become aware of any significant new scientificinformation finding out risks from his or her activities may adverselyaffect the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and/orhuman health but fails to report to Ministry of Environment, shall besubject to a written censure.

Ministry of Environment shall review its decision and/or cancel thepermit.

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Article 38.

Any operator who obstructs or causes the obstruction of an authorizedofficial of the Ministry of Environment in the process of fulfilling his/her duties under paragraph 3 of article 7 of this law shall be fined bythe Ministry of Environment an amount between five hundredthousand (500,000) Riel to one million (1,000,000) Riel.

In the event of repeated offenses, Ministry of Environment shall makea complaint to a competent court.

Article 39.

Any violator of the provisions of article 10, article 11, or article 14 ofthis law shall be fined by the Ministry of Environment an amountbetween one million (1,000,000) Riel to five million (5,000,000) Riel.

In the event of repeated offenses, the fine shall be doubled withoutprejudice to other crimes resulting in adverse effects on theconservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and/or human health.

Article 40.

Anyone who has given, by any mean, intentionally false, misleadingor confusing information required by the provisions of Article 22 ofthis law shall be subject to imprisonment for one (1) year to five (5)years and/or a fine of four million (4,000,000) Riel to twenty million(20,000,000) Riel.

In the event of repeated offenses, the fine and criminal sanction shallbe doubled without prejudice to other serious crimes resulting inadverse effects on the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversityand/ or human health.

Article 41.

In the case of having a clear evidence that legal or natural person asstipulated article 37 intentionally conceals information on risks causedby living modified organisms related activities on biodiversity and/orhuman health, shall be fined from ten million (10,000,000) riel to fiftymillion ( 50,000,000) riel or to imprison from one year to five years orboth.

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Article 42.

All evidences concerning LMO-related activities and equipment whichis the subject of offenses committed as stipulated in article 39 and 40shall be confiscated. The act of confiscation shall be within thejurisdiction of the court.

Article 43.

Any environmental inspection official or agent who is negligent, failsto pay attention to, or fails to comply with rules and regulation of theMinistry of Environment or conspires with a violator or facilitates thecommission of violation, shall be subject to administrative sanctionsor faces prosecution before the court.

Any environmental inspection official or agent that take part in themisconduct or facilitate in the fraud process shall be applied the samepunishment as mentioned in this article.

CHAPTER XIFinal Provisions

Article 44.

Ministry of Environment shall consider issuing regulations, rules, ordersand guideline to implement this law especially provision stipulatedunder: article 6, 15, 17, 20, 22, 25 and 31 of this law.

Article 45.

Any previous provisions contrary to this law shall be considered asnull and void.

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AnnexTerms

- Contained use: means any operation, undertaken within afacility, installation or other physical structure, which involvesliving modified organisms that are controlled by specific measuresthat effectively limit their contact with, and their impact on, theexternal environment.

- Intentional introduction of LMOs into the environment: meansthe deliberate use of LMOs subject to this act that is not containeduse, including field release and planting, release into water and/or air but not including LMOs imported for direct use as food orfeed, or for processing.

- Modern biotechnology: means the application of:

In vitro nucleic acid techniques, including recombinantdeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and direct injection ofnucleic acid into cells or organelles, or

Fusion of cells beyond the taxonomic family, thatovercome natural physiological reproductive orrecombination barriers and that are not techniques usedin traditional breeding and selection.

- DNA: Abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid, former spellingdesoxyribonucleic acid. A long chain polymer ofdeoxyribonucleotides. DNA constitutes the genetic material ofmost known organisms and organelles, and usually is in the formof a double helix, although some viral genomes consist of a singlestrand of DNA, and others of a single- or a double-strandedRNA.

- Living organism: means any biological entity capable oftransferring or replicating genetic material, including sterileorganisms, viruses and viroids.

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- Abiotic: Absence of living organisms. The part of living modifiedorganisms, which incapable of sexual, plants, or feeds to consideras Abiotec component.

- Risk: means the risk of living modified organisms onenvironment, biodiversity, social, culture, and economic.

- Transboundary movement: means the movement of a livingmodified organism from one Party to another Party, save thatfor the purposes of Articles 17 and 24 transboundary movementextends to movement between Parties and non-Parties.

- National Focal Point: means the government agencies, whichresponsible on its behalf for liaison CBD secretariat andCartagena Protocol on Biosafety and the member parties.

- Competent National Authorities: means the ministries anddepartments, which designed by the government for researchand development on LMOs uses and LMOs risk assessment.

- Biological Diversity: means the variability among livingorganisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marineand other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes ofwhich they are part; this includes diversity within species,between species and of ecosystems.