INSIDE THE COCKPIT OF AN AIRPLANE

Review

�Overview� Major instruments� Their functions� What they look like

The flight controls and instrument panel are in the front of the cockpit .

Flight controls and instrument panels vary, but have the same basic functions.

FLIGHT CONTROLS

The control wheel or yoke is used to steer the airplane in different directions.

Some airplanes have a stick rather than a wheel but it works the same.

Turning Left Straight and Level Turning Right

Side Stick

FLIGHT CONTROLS

Moving the yoke LEFT or RIGHT moves the ailerons on the wings in opposite directions. One moves UP as the o ther goes DOWN.

FLIGHT CONTROLS

Turning Left Turning Right

Pulling back on the yoke moves the elevator on the tail UP, moving the airplane nose UP to climb.

FLIGHT CONTROLS

Pushing forward moves the elevator DOWN, moves the nose DOWN to descend.

FLIGHT CONTROLS

Pilots use rudder pedals on the floor to move the rudder LEFT or RIGHT to help the airplane turn.

FLIGHT CONTROLS

Brakes are located at the top or “toe” of the pedal

The airspeed indicator shows speed through the air --- not over/on the ground.

The pitot tube on the wing catches on-rushing air. This “ram air” is compared to “static” air to determine air speed.

The static portmeasures static or still air – air that is not affected by the airplane’s speed through the air

BASIC INSTRUMENTS

The attitude indicator provides an artificial horizon to show the pilot the airplane’s position in relation to the ground.

Here, the airplane is banking left with its nose on the horizon —where brown “ground” meets blue “sky.”

BASIC INSTRUMENTS

The altimeter measures air pressure outside the airplane and compares it to air pressure at sea level to det ermine altitude.

Like the hands of a clock, the long hand shows smaller increments (100s of feet) while the shorter hand shows larger increments (1,000s of feet).

This altimeter is reading 1720 feet.

BASIC INSTRUMENTS

The turn coordinator shows if the wings are level or banked. The position of the ball indicates if the airplane is turningproperly.

The ball is centered when the turn is balanced by rudder

Turn Coordinator

BASIC INSTRUMENTS

The heading indicator displays the direction of flight.

BASIC INSTRUMENTS

This airplane is heading south at 175 degrees.

The vertical speed indicator uses changes in air pressure to indicate rate of climb or descent.

Airplane is descending at 190 feet per minute

BASIC INSTRUMENTS

Pilots use radios to communicate with air traffic control and other pilots. Other radios also are used to navigate using ground stations or satellites.

COMMUNICATION

Most airplanes have a radar transponder that shows their location, speed and altitude to air traffic controllers

An assigned four-digitcode helps identify a particular airplane on a controller’s radar screen

COMMUNICATION

Pilots increasingly use GPS satellite navigation to display position and ground speed, locate nearby airports, and plot course, distance and time to any destination

Top: GPS can be small, handheld and portable.

Bottom: Flat-panel GPS moving maps and flight displays are just the ones in airliners and some cars.

Review

� Fight controls and instrument panels are located in the aircraft:

• Cabin• Cockpit• Constable

� Flight controls & instruments vary, but have the same basic:

• Look• Function• Problem

Review

� The control wheel or __ is used to steer the airplane:

• Yoke• Aileron• Elevator

� Moving left or right moves the __ on the wings in opposite directions:

• Yoke• Aileron• Elevator

Review

� Pulling back on the yoke moves the aircraft nose:

• Up• Down• Sideways

� Pushing the yoke forward moves the aircraft nose:

• Up• Down• Sideways

Review

� The rudder pedals are located on the aircraft’s:

• Control panel• Floor• Ceiling

� Pilots use the rudder pedals to help the aircraft:

• Climb• Dive• Turn

Review

� This instrument shows the aircraft speed through the air:

*Airspeed indicator *Attitude indicator *Altimeter

� This instrument provides an artificial horizon*Airspeed indicator *Attitude indicator *Altimeter

� The artificial horizon show’s the aircraft’s position in relation to the:

* Air *Ground *Cockpit

Review

� This device measures air pressure outside the airplane:

• Attitude indicator• Altimeter• Airspeed indicator

� The turn indicator shows if the wings are level or __:

• Banked• Flawed• Skewed

Review

� The direction of the flight is determined by the:

• Heading indicator• Directional transponder• Velocity indicator

� The vertical speed indicator uses changes in air pressure to indicate __ of climb or descent

• Rate• Level• Pressure

Review

� Pilots use radios to communicate with __ and other pilots:

• Their families• Air traffic control• The FAA

� The radar transponder shows __, speed & altitude:

• Location• ETA (estimated time of arrival)• Current weather

Review

� The GPS satellite is a __ display:• Velocity• Location• Weight

Review

� Summary� Major instruments� Their functions� What they look like

There are plenty of things to learnINSIDE THE COCKPIT OF AN AIRPLANE

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Control Panel

� Airspeed indicator: how fast you are going relative to the air

� Attitude indicator : AKA artificial horizon; tells you which way the nose is pitched = up or down/towards sky or ground

� Clock : tells time in GMT (standard based on what time zone you are in)

� Altimeter : shows airplane’s altitude above sea level

Control Panel

� VOR indicator: navigational device; allows pilot to interpret signals to be aware of aircraft’s location

� VHF comm & Nav radio : a communications and navigation radio

� Transponder : an electronic identifier that tells ground operators which spot your aircraft is on their radar screen

Control Panel

� Turn coordinator: shows the tilt of the wings; tells you how far you have turned horizontally

� Suction gage : measures negative pressure� Directional indicator : tells you which

direction in which you are headed� Oil temperature indicator : tells you the oil

pressure

Control Panel

� Vertical speed indicator: tells whether you are climbing or descending, and at what speed

� Fuel indicator : tells the level of fuel in the aircraft

� ADF indicator : tells navigational headings

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TO LEARN MORE GO TO WWW.AOPA.ORG/PATH

12/2005