insider for oracle user guide

Insider User Guide

Table of ContentsRelease notes ............................................................................................................................. 1

Version 2.2 ........................................................................................................................ 1Version 2.1 ........................................................................................................................ 1Version 2.0 ........................................................................................................................ 2Version 1.2 ........................................................................................................................ 2Version 1.1 ........................................................................................................................ 3Version 1.0 ........................................................................................................................ 3

Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 5What is Insider ................................................................................................................... 5Quick start ......................................................................................................................... 6Background mode ............................................................................................................... 7

Installation ................................................................................................................................. 8Software installation ............................................................................................................ 8User accounts ................................................................................................................... 11

Concepts ................................................................................................................................. 12Insider anatomy ................................................................................................................ 12

Views ..................................................................................................................................... 13Enterprise ........................................................................................................................ 13Oracle ............................................................................................................................. 25Operating system .............................................................................................................. 58Web ............................................................................................................................... 62

Alerts ...................................................................................................................................... 64Receiving alerts ................................................................................................................ 64User-defined alerts ............................................................................................................ 65Alert profiles .................................................................................................................... 65Alerts configuration ........................................................................................................... 66Notification profiles ........................................................................................................... 67Alert descriptions .............................................................................................................. 71

Reports ................................................................................................................................... 85Availability report ............................................................................................................. 85Alert history report ............................................................................................................ 85

Configuration ........................................................................................................................... 86General ........................................................................................................................... 86Data Collection ................................................................................................................. 87Timeout .......................................................................................................................... 89Email notification .............................................................................................................. 90Sound notification ............................................................................................................. 91Proxy .............................................................................................................................. 92

Troubleshooting ........................................................................................................................ 93General ........................................................................................................................... 93

FAQ ....................................................................................................................................... 94Glossary .................................................................................................................................. 96Index .................................................................................................................................... 100

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Release notes

Version 2.2

Version 2.2 adds supports for grouping. Groups of servers such as Development and Production, or Europe and UScan be created and servers can be assigned to a group. Enterprise view items (servers) can be added (drag anddropped or created within) to a group or removed from the group. Groups can be nested (a group within anothergroup). Groups show how many servers they include (total, including all subgroups), how many paused and howmany are down. A group shows alerts from all its servers, the server name is shown on the alert. Monitoring of allservers within a group can be paused/resumed with a single command. All critical alerts can be acknowledged by se-lecting Acknowledge on the group item

Multiple alert profiles can be created and assigned on a per server basis.

Multiple notification profiles can be created and assigned on a per server basis.

Multiple schedules and administrators can be created.

Alerts acknowledgment history dialog.

Group selection

Support for MySQL and Oracle as an internal database

Launching sqlplus and startup/shutdown commands from the popup menu requires reentering the password

Version 2.1

Operating system host monitoring has been improved and supports more operating systems, including Solaris,HPUX, AIX and other UNIXes. Windows 2000 is also supported.

Optional Windows service component can be installed on a Windows server to get extended Windows statistics andOracle alert log file

Operating system host overview has been completely redesigned to provide a more consistent look-and-feel andmore operating system host performance information, including network, storage, paging/swapping and processesstatistics

Version 2.1 adds more operating system drill-down views: network connections, user sessions and storage. Processview can be configured to show process tree (parent processes).

Version 2.1 adds more Oracle drill-down views: file I/O, temp I/O, archive destinations and archived logs, systemstatistic table and chart views.

New System statistics chart view allows to display and analyze Oracle statistics for a month

Oracle availability report has been added

Various enhancements to existing views: more information about KEEP and RECYCLE pools on Instance view,new columns in Session List view: activity, CPU used, redo generated, network - bytes sent, network - bytes re-ceived, logical reads, PGA memory, UGA memory, physical reads and hit ratio.

Better support for Oracle DataGuard configurations, including detection of a switchover/failover operations, newDataGuard alerts, and full support for a mounted but not open Oracle database (e.g. a physical standby) in all views.

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Oracle alert log is also retrieved for a mounted Oracle database.

New alert have beed added: standby database not applying logs, archive log gap detected, physical standby out-of-sync, KEEP and RECYCLE pool usage. Tablespace free space alert can be configured to not fire when any of thefiles are auto-extensible

Alerting and notification functionality has been significantly improved to provide for more reliable issue detectionand notification including: testing for new connections to make sure new connections can be created, notification onconnect/disconnect, starting/stopping monitoring, encountering a critical condition that might prevent monitoringlike memory shortage, resending email alerts if the previous attempt failed, alert pending period - a period of time towait before raising an alert, more detailed alert logging and better alert identification scheme to skip sending redund-ant alerts

Various user interface enhancements including new Speed Gauge item on Oracle Instance view and the Activitycolumn on the Session List view, time period chooser and overview band for drill-down charts to zoom in/out andanalyze historical data, faster drill-down view access with Go To navigation tree, alert popups always on toggleswitch, bar chart showing extended information on mouse hovering over a bar and import of tnsnames.ora entries.

Background (service) mode option has been added

Version 2.0

Version 2.0 introduces two more Enterprise View items: UNIX host and Windows host. OS Overview shows someof the vital signs of an OS host health including CPU usage, memory usage, context switches, paging and swapping,load average and runqueue, disk usage and process list.

Insider now saves and allows to view Oracle system statistics for a month. A number of predefined drill-down viewsare based on the saved statistics: session statistics, shared pool, I/O, redo, PGA and network statistics.

Version 2.0 adds more drill-down views: top sessions, processes, latches, buffer cache pools and wait statistics, seg-ments I/O, undo tablespace, statistics and retention, redo groups and members, log switch history, OS overview, pro-cesses and shell in addition to the views based on the saved Oracle statistics.

Copy/paste and export to file functionality has been added to all grids.

Free space alert now detects and reports problems per tablespace. New alerts have been added, including new OSalerts.

Search functionality in Oracle alert log window has beed added. Flat chart displays actual values on mouse over.Current session and current redo log are highlighted. Alert popups are linked to the corresponding drill-down views.

Version 1.2

Version 1.2 adds four more drill-down views: Configuration, Waits, Top SQL and Storage.

Configuration view shows and allows to edit Oracle initialization parameters including hidden parameters as well asother important database and instance configuration data.

Waits view displays Oracle wait events. The user can sort by the time waited and analyze wait event history for theselected event(s).

Top SQL view allows to pinpoint SQLs that account for most of the system load using various criteria such as logic-al and physical I/O, executions, memory, sorts and others. Explain Plan and SQL statistics panels can further helpidentify a problem with a SQL statement.

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Storage view shows tablespaces, datafiles, objects and their space usage statistics.

Version 1.2 adds user-defined alert functionality. The user can now send custom alerts from any application. Theseuser alerts will be displayed next to the corresponding Enterprise view or Instance view item just like regular Insideralerts.

Start/stop trace in session functionality has been added to Sessions and Locks view.

SQL statistics panel has been added to Sessions and Locks view.

Session wait panel has been added to Sessions and Locks view.

Version 1.1

Version 1.1 adds external tools configuration support. Some tools like SQL*Plus are preconfigured and more can beadded via External Tool Configuration dialog. Database startup and shutdown commands have been added viaSQL*Plus interface. Predefined variables allow for reusing of Enterprise item connection parameters.

Enterprise Console has been added to provide support for external tool output and system messages

Oracle Sessions view allows to view all or selected user and background Oracle sessions, current SQL, EXPLAINPLAN, open cursors and accessed objects. Parallel servers are displayed under their query coordinator session. Theuser can kill and disconnect sessions and their shadow processes.

Oracle Locks view displays all sessions holding or requesting a lock in a tree-like view. Waiters are shown under theholders in the order in which they requested the lock. The object requested, time waiting, mode and status are dis-played next to the waiting session. The current SQL and objects being held are shown in the Details section below.The user can kill and disconnect sessions and their shadow processes.

Alert log item has been added to Instance view. All discovered Oracle alert log errors are displayed next to this item.In addition to it the user can view alert log file tail by clicking on Alert log item.

Instance info box has been added to Instance view. Database info box shows most important information about thedatabase such as database name, version, instance name, host name and uptime.

Support for a simple Web (HTTP) server monitoring has been added. Response time and availability history as wellas operating system statistics are shown in its Instance view.

Oracle Instance view items can be selected individually and each has been provided a context menu. Using the con-text menu the user can see the alert history for the selected item and drill down to a more detailed view.

Email notification can be customized to allow for integration with other software. From, Subject and Body fields ofemail messages can be adjusted by the user for easier parsing.

Version 1.0

Version 1.0 includes Oracle 8i, 9i and 10g support, Enterprise and Oracle Instance views. It collects over a hundredvarious Oracle statistics and defines over 60 customizable alerts notifying the user about conditions that may negat-ively affect server performance. Full history of triggered alerts is saved for later performance troubleshooting. Theuser can choose to have sound and email notification

Version 1.0 supports connections through Oracle OCI (Oracle Net Services) and thin (pure Java - no Oracle clientsoftware required) drivers.

Insider 1.0 provides full support for Oracle DataGuard physical and logical standby databases and displays vital stat-

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istics about primary-standby link performance.

On the operating system side both Windows and UNIX (over ssh) are supported. The user can choose whether to useshell for UNIX logins. Insider collects and analyzes statistics it gets from the servers it monitors. The longer a data-base is monitored the more Insider knows about its functional and performance characteristics adjusting its visualdisplay to help better interpret the meaning of the server performance statistics. In order to avoid showing short-timepeaks averaging is used to smoothen the values where appropriate.

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Introduction

What is Insider

Insider is the first real-time cross-platform performance management solution! Insider lets you see your systemthrough by displaying real-time performance data in a unique way such that you can identify the root cause of theproblems immediately. The key features of Insider are:

• Real-time monitoring. Insider is a real-time tool meaning you examine the problems before they occur not after.

• Unique extensible user interface. Insider features a unique extensible user interface that not only shows prob-lems when they occur but also where they occur.

• True cross-platform solution. Insider's flexible architecture allows for collecting data from virtually anythingyou might be interested to monitor from database servers to custom applications on any operating system. Notonly can it collect its data from any platform but Insider itself having been written in Java can be installed on theplatform of your choice

• Very little overhead. Insider was designed with performance in mind. Every effort has been taken to reduce itsimpact on the system it monitors. The monitored system resources are never used to perform any data processingactivity. Your system is never asked for more than an absolute minimum of information required

• Easy installation. Unlike many tools on the market today Insider's installation is a breeze. No server or networkcomponents are used. No configuration files. No client libraries. No prerequisites. Just install and run

• Non-intrusive. Insider never modifies the environment it monitors. In fact the user accounts Insider uses cansafely be configured with read-only access

• Self-learning. As you learn more about your system with Insider so does Insider itself. It does not simpy collectthe data it gets from your system - it analyzes it to adapt its user interface to the kind of work your system per-forms

• Comprehensive analysis. Insider collects hundreds of performance metrics and throws around a hundred cus-tomizable alerts to draw user's attention to the factors that negatively affect performance or availability of the sys-tem

• Oracle support. Insider supports Oracle 8i, 9i and 10g, Personal, Standard, Enterprise and XE editions

• Robust. With all of its features Insider is very undemanding. It does not require an Oracle client to be installed. Itwon't crash or disconnect if your system goes down. It will patiently wait until the system is back up and resumemonitoring without any manual intervention

• Oracle DataGuard support. Insider includes full support for Oracle DataGuard feature and displays relevant in-formation about your hot standby database state and performance. Moreover it automatically discovers primary-standby relationships between databases as they are being entered

• Operating system support. In addition to collecting comprehensive Oracle statistics Insider also support somevital operating system information like CPU and memory data. A large number of operating systems are suppor-ted including major UNIX and Windows versions

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Quick start

Installing and using Insider is easy. No complex installation or setup is required. You just download and run the in-staller and start using it. No prerequisites. No assumptions are being made about your computer configuration. Allyou need is a computer and a network. And yes, you have to know where your servers are. That's it. You are readyto start. Here is the procedure that will help you jump-start using Insider with an Oracle database:

Start Insider and select Add > Add Oracle

Fill in connection parameters to an Oracle database and click OK . An Oracle database item is added to Enterpriseview:

An enterprise item shows you some basic performance information like the number of active and waiting users, datafiles space utilization and CPU and memory statistics. You may also see an Alert icon next to the item (an exclama-tion mark in a yellow circle in the right upper corner). It means an alert condition has been encountered that may in-dicate a potential performance problem in your database. If you position you mouse over the alert icon you will see apop-up list of alerts active for this database:

An alert may be just informational, warning or critical. They are displayed in green, yellow and red color respect-ively. You can configure threshold levels for alerts using Alert Configuration window.

To get a more detailed view of the database performance double-click on the enterprise item. An Instance View willopen that shows you a real-time snapshot of your server activity. Voila. You have just successfully started using In-sider to get most of your systems performance!

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Background mode

To start Insider in the background mode execute the following command from INSTALLDIR/bin directory:java -Dinsider.server=true -Xmx256M boot.jar

Insider starts its data collection services but displays no user interface. The background mode is useful when Insideris installed on a server and runs unattended. To set up the databases, configure email notifications and other settingsstart Insider in the user interface (normal) mode first, make all necessary configurations, exit and restart it in thebackground mode.

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Installation

Software installation

System requirements

• 256 MB RAM minimum

• 512 MB RAM recommended

• 50 MB hard disk space (may vary if history saving feature is enabled)

• 1024x768 minimum screen resolution

Windows

• Intel Pentium III/800 MHz or higher (or compatible)

• Microsoft Windows 2003/XP/2000/NT 4.0 SP6a

Linux

• Intel Pentium III/800 MHz or higher (or compatible)

• Red Hat Linux Fedora, Debian, SuSe, Mandrake, Slackware, Gentoo and other distributions with JDK 1.5.0

• GNOME or KDE desktop

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Insider installation

Download the installer and run it. You will be prompted for installation directory. No server components are re-quired for Insider to function. A Windows service can be installed on a Windows server to get an Oracle alert logfile and some extended Windows statistics.

Windows service installation

The Windows service is an optional component that can be installed on a Windows server in order to get the Oraclealert log file and some extended statistics.

Simple installation. The default installation of the Windows service adds InsiderWinMonitor service running un-der System account. All communication between the service and Insider is encrypted and the service listens on theport 12766. To install the Windows service with the default parameters execute:InsiderWinMonitor.exe install

Note that the service is not started by default. You need to start it with:InsiderWinMonitor.exe start

To stop the service execute:InsiderWinMonitor.exe stop

To uninstall:InsiderWinMonitor.exe uninstall

The service can also be started/stopped and configured using Windows Services applet. See My Computer > Man-age > Services and Applications > Services

Advanced configuration. To start the Windows service as a console application, change the user account or makeit listen to a non-default port or to change any other options run InsiderWinMonitor.exe with non-default paramet-ers.

Usage:

InsiderWinMonitor.exe [ operation ] [ options ] [ parameters ]

Operations:[-k] installInstall service.[-k] uninstallUninstall service.[-k] consoleStart as console application (default).[-k] startStart service.[-k] stopStop service.[-k] restartRestart service.-i Install service (alias for -k install).-u Uninstall service (alias for -k uninstall).-c Run as console application (alias for -k console).

Options:-n nameSpecifies the name of the service

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-a Automatic service start (valid with operation "install" only).-m The service will be started manually (valid with operation "install" only).-p account passwordRun the service under the specified account.Notes:This option is valid with operation "install" only.Specified user MUST have permissions to logon as service.Use form .\username for local accounts.Use form domain\username or username@domain for a user registered in a domain.

-f fileUse parameter file.

Parameters:[parameter_name=] parameter_value

port=port_numberTCP port number.logfile=filepath

Service log file.protocol=protocol_flags

Set protocol flags:transparent - transparent transmission;scramble - scramble network traffic.

Notes.

• Options -p, -m and -a are valid only when installing the service. Some other options are valid only when installingthe service or starting it as a console application. The arguments, specified at the installation are saved in Win-dows registry and used when starting the service (-p, -m, -a options and parameters)

• -f option can also be used at the installation or starting as a console application only. If specified at the installationthe parameters are copied to the Windows registry. At the subsequent starts the parameter file is not read again

• The user account, configured with the -p option must have LOGON AS SERVICE permissions. See Programs >Administrative Tools > Local Security Policy > Security settings > User Rights Assignment > Logon as Service.The user account/password can also be changed using Windows Services applet: My Computer > Manage > Ser-vices and Applications > Services

• Permission "Act as part of operating system" should be granted to run on Windows 2000 in console mode

• If transparent protocol flag has been specified the communication between Insider and the service is not encryp-ted. However the username and password are still encrypted

• At the installation or starting as a console application if -f option has not been specified but an InsiderWinMonit-or.properties file is found in the same directory where the exe file is located it is used as a parameter file. Insider-WinMonitor.properties is included into the Windows service installation package.

• The arguments to the service are processed in the following order:

• .properties file if found

• command line arguments

• Windows registry (only when starting the service)

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User accounts

Oracle account configuration

The Oracle user account used by Insider to collect Oracle statistics must be able to access Oracle dictionary in read-only mode. Use the following script to create Oracle user:

• CREATE USER myusername IDENTIFIED BY mypassword; (specify tablespaces and other options if required)

• GRANT CREATE SESSION TO myusername;

• GRANT SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE TO myusername; (alternatively you can grant SELECT ANY DICTION-ARY)

Some requirements are optional and are only necessary if you need a specific functionality:

• GRANT ALTER SYSTEM TO myusername; (if you need to be able to kill user sessions)

• GRANT EXECUTE ON DBMS_SYSTEM TO myusername; (if you need to be able to start/stop trace in user ses-sions)

• GRANT EXECUTE ON DBMS_PIPE TO myusername; (if you need to be able to send/receive user-definedalerts)

• GRANT SYSDBA TO myusername; (if you need to connect to a physical standby in a DataGuard configurationor any database in a mounted state)

Operating system account configuration

The operating system user account used by Insider to collect statistics must satisfy the following requirements:

UNIX. Generally Insider is using vmstat command to collect operating system statistics. The user account thereforemust be able to execute vmstat command on the target host; in some cases Insider can collect operating system in-formation without using vmstat command but that is not guaranteed

Windows. No special user requirements. The user must be able to login to Windows operating system

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Concepts

Insider anatomy

Items. Insider functionality is based on three notions - items, views and alerts. An item can be a database, a fileserver, a web server, an application - anything you might be interested to see inside out. You start monitoring anitem by placing in on Enterprise view. Enterprise view is a special kind of a view in that it is your starting point.Once an item is placed on Enterprise view Insider starts monitoring it by sending periodic requests to it and analyz-ing the responses it gets.

Views. Other views allow for a more detailed display of an item's activity. For example, Oracle Instance view is areal-time snapshot of an Oracle instance activity. It displays various Oracle components such as memory regions anddata files and their real-time performance metrics.

Note

Even if a more detailed view like Instance view is not currently displayed for an item the complete statist-ics for it is still being gathered

Alerts. An item such as a database or a file server may encounter a condition that triggers an alert. An alert is avisual notification to the user that something might possibly go wrong with your server. By way of an example freespace in your data files might be approaching zero or CPU usage on your web server might be close to 100%. Con-ditions that require the user's attention are reported as alerts. Alerts are shown on all views but not every alert isshown on every view and not every alerts may make sense for every item. For instance the data file free space alertdoes not make sense for a web server and is not triggered for one. All alerts are always reported on Enterprise viewwhere you can see them by clicking on the alert icon next to the item the alert is being reported for. You can also ac-cess the complete history of alerts for an item by clicking on it and choosing Alert history menu item

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Views

Enterprise

Enterprise view is the starting point where you add, remove and arrange the items you would like to monitor, viewsome basic information about them, enable and disable items, view and configure alerts

What's on the Enterprise view?

Group. A group item is a logical group of servers such as Production and Development, or Europe and US. Agroup shows the number of servers within a group and their states. All alert triggered for all servers within a groupare shown next to the group icon. You can double-click on the group icon to open the group's overview and you candrag and drop servers to and from a group. You can also start/stop monitoring all servers withing a group by right-clicking on a group and selecting Start/Stop monitoring command. Groups can be nested withing other groups.

Oracle database. Once an Oracle database is added an icon is placed on the Enterprise view showing some vital in-formation about it including the caption, the database state, the number of active and waiting users, percentage offree space in data files, cpu and memory utilization if monitoring operating system option was selected and an alerticon if alerts were triggered for this database

Database states. An icon in the left upper corner shows the current instance and database state

Instance down

Shutdown pending

Instance up, database not mounted

Database mounted

Database open

Database open read-only

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Disabled items. If you are not interested in watching an item on the Enterprise view you can disable it by right-clicking on it and choosing Stop Monitoring . Once an item is disabled statistics is not gathered for this item until itis reenabled again. A disabled item is shown in gray color.

An item may also become disabled if a connection to it cannot be established for a certain period of time. In thiscase the item stays disabled but is pinged at regular intervals until a connection is established again and reenabledautomatically. Timeout and pinging interval parameters can be adjusted in Settings dialog.

Physical standby. An Oracle physical standby icon is different in that it shows the sequence of the last redo logshipped from the primary database and the last that has been applied. Its database state icon shows that a physicalstandby is in the mounted state.

Link. Two or more items on Enterprise view can be linked if they form a group or a relationship such as Oracleprimary/standby databases. Insider recognizes these relationships automatically as you add items so you need notmanually define them

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OS host. Operating system host icon shows the system type (the icon in the left upper corner) and some vital in-formation about system load, including load average for UNIX systems and cpu and memory utilization if monitor-ing operating system option was selected and an alert icon if alerts were triggered for this operating system host.

Web server. Once a Web server is added an icon is placed on the Enterprise view showing some vital informationabout it including the response time and cpu and memory utilization if monitoring operating system option was se-lected and an alert icon if alerts were triggered for this web server.

Alert notification. When an alert is triggered for a database a pop-up alert notification is displayed for a couple ofseconds to draw user's attention. Once the alert notification closes the alert can be viewed by clicking on alert iconnext to an item

Alert list. All alerts currently active for an item can be accessed by clicking on a small alert icon in the right uppercorner of the item they are triggered for. Alerts are ordered by severity first, then by the time (most recent first).Click on the alert you are interested in to see detailed information about the alert. If you right-click on an alert in thealert list you access a pop-up menu where you can choose to disable or configure the alert

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Alert history. To view the log of alerts for an enterprise item right-click on the item and choose Alert History . Itwill bring an Alert History dialog where you can see the full history of alerts for this item ordered by time the alertwas triggered

You can filter alert history by severity, alert type and time range and export the alerts to an HTML file

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Adding and removing items

To add an Oracle database to Enterprise view right click anywhere inside the view and choose Add Oracle Database.This will bring up an Oracle database configuration window. Depending on what driver type you choose you willeither have to fill in parameters using a tnsnames entry or fully specify an Oracle connection parameters

You can also choose to assign a meaningful name to your item such as "Sales db" (optional)

OCI driver.

If you have Oracle client software installedon you workstation you can use Oracle OCIdriver (default) to establish connections toyou databases. Select a TNS name from a listof tnsnames entries or type in a tns name foryour database, enter username, password andconnection type. Refer to User Configurationsection for Oracle account requirements

Tip

If your tnsnames.ora file is not found (TNS names list is not populated) press Locate tnsnames buttonnext to TNS names combo and navigate to your tnsnames file, then press OK

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Thin driver.

If you don't have Oracle client software in-stalled on you workstation you can use Or-acle thin driver to establish connections toyou databases. Oracle thin driver requires noOracle client software of you machine. Justtype in the host name, listener port (1521 isthe default for Oracle), service name or SID,enter username, password and connectiontype. Refer to User Configuration section forOracle account requirements

Web server. To add a Web (HTTP) server to Enterprise view right click anywhere inside the view and choose AddWeb Server. This will bring up a Web server configuration window.

You can choose to assign a meaningful name to your server such as "Intranet" (optional)

Enter the URL to your web server

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Operating system host. To add a OS host to Enterprise view right click anywhere inside the view and choose Addhost. This will bring up a OS host configuration window.

You can choose to assign a meaningful name to your server such as "File server" (optional). See below for operatingsystem configuration dialog

Operating system monitoring.

If you are monitoring an Oracle database or aweb server it is a good idea to get some addi-tional information from the operating systemon the machine where your database or webserver is running. You will be able to seesuch vital information as CPU busy, used/free memory, swapping/paging activity andrun-queues.

In addition to that a connection to OS enablesInsider to track Oracle alert log errors and es-timate archive log destination space. Enterthe host name, type of operating system youhave (Windows and UNIX are supported)username and password. Refer to User Con-figuration section for user account require-ments.

If you are connecting to a UNIX box over sshyou have to also provide port and choosewhether you want to connect using the shell(default). If you are connecting to a Windowsmachine locally (i.e. where Insider itself isinstalled) leave username and passwordfields blank. If you are connecting to a Win-dows host on another domain prefix the user-name with the domain name e.g. ANOTH-ER_DOMAIN\myusername

Removing items. You can remove items on Enterprise view by right-clicking on an item and choosing Delete . Ifyou want to remove multiple items click on each item while holding Ctrl key and choose Delete Selected

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Configuring alerts

Enabling/disabling alerts on Enterprise view. If you are not interested in receiving particular alert for an itemright-click on the alert in the alert list and choose Disable for ... menu

If you are not interested in this alert at all you can disable it altogether by selecting Disable this alert for all items

Configure alert shortcut. You can use a convenient shortcut on an Enterprise item that will take you directly tothis alert configuration by right-clicking on the alert in the alert list and choosing Configure this alert menu

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External tools

Extending Insider functionality. You can easily extend Insider functionality by configuring external tools such asSQL*Plus, ssh or SQL Developer right on an Enterprise View item. Right-click any item and selectTools>Configure menu to add external tools.

You can use predefined variables to avoid having to type in parameters you already entered for an Enterprise item.For example, if you created an Oracle Database Enterprise View item you can configure tools like SQL*Plus toopen and connect to your database using the same user name, password and connection string. Once you add an ex-ternal tool you can access it right from an Enterprise item pop-up menu. Some items like SQL*Plus are precon-figured and more can be added using Configure Tools dialog

Configuring external tools. To configure external tools right-click any Enterprise view item and selectTools>Configure. You can add, remove, copy and rearrange external tools in the list or change parameters for an ex-ternal tool.

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Parameters. You can choose the name for the external tool to display on the context menu, its window caption, thecommand to start the tool, its working directory and icon. To access the full list of predefined variables position thecursor to where you would like to insert a predefined variable and press Ctrl-Space. For example to add SQL*Plusas an external tool choose SQL*Plus as the name and window title and enter:

sqlplus ${username}/${password}@${tnsname}

on the command line. If you just need to capture the output of the command select Run as is and Capture Output tohave the output displayed on the enterprise view console

Predefined variables. To avoid having to type the same information twice you can use predefined variables e.g. tospecify connection parameters for an external tool. Whenever Insider encounters such a variable it substitutes it withthe actual value.

Note

Sensitive information like the username and password are always stored in encrypted form

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${USERNAME} Oracle user name

${PASSWORD} Password for the account used to connect to Oracle

${TNSNAME} TNSNames entry used to connect to Oracle

${SERVICENAME} Service name

${CONNECT-FORM} Connect form

${CONNECTION-TYPE} Connection type: normal, sysdba, sysoper

${DRIVER-TYPE} Driver type: thin or OCI

${URL} URL

${HOST} Host

${ALIAS} Enterprise item name

${PORT} Port

${SID} SID used to connect to Oracle

${ORACLE_HOME} Oracle Home

${OS_HOST} Operating system host

${OS_PORT} Operating system port

${OS_USERNAME} Operating system account

${OS_PASSWORD} Operating system account password

Switching between views

Enterprise view is always on. You cannot close it because it's the application main view. All other views can beopened and closed.

When you open another view a tab is added at the top of the window as shown on the picture. To switch to anotherview simply select its tab. To close a view click on X button on its tab

Console

Insider may need to report some important information back to you or display the output of an external tool. Theseare typically shown on Enterprise console. Enterprise console is displayed on Enterprise view whenever a new mes-sage arrives. You can safely close it once you have read the message

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Status Bar

Some useful statistics about Insider can be found on the status bar at the bottom of the application window. Theseinclude Insider internal database size, number of pending requests to the items on Enterprise View, allocated andused memory

Ideally the number of pending requests should be zero. It means that all the requests Insider sends to the monitoredservers are processed in a timely manner. In some cases however such as when the network is too slow or some ofthe servers are too busy requests begin to accumulate. If a server is not responding for a prolonged period Insidercannot adequately display this server and eventually an internal alert will be raised and the number of pending re-quests is shown in red. By default Insider automatically increases the refresh rate if the server appears too slow. Youcan turn off this feature on a Data Collection page of the Settings dialog.

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Oracle

Instance overview

Oracle Instance view is a detailed real-time snapshot of an Oracle database showing performance and other criticalinformation for a single Oracle instance. The layout of the Instance view reflects the way Oracle works at the con-ceptual level - from users and sessions at the top over the network down to memory components (SGA and PGA)and eventually saving the data and reading it from storage

A unique feature of Instance View is that it learns about your database over time. All databases are different bothfunctionally and performance-wise. Some are based on expensive parallel servers, some use commodity hardware.500 SQLs per second may be a low-activity period for some systems and extremely high for others. Insider is awareof this difference. It accumulates and analyzes the statistics collected for your database and the longer you are mon-itoring your database the more Insider knows about it and adjusts its visual interface to more accurately display yourdatabase performance.

Tip

To help Insider speed up its auto-tuning feature it is a good idea to allow it to run over both low and high-activity periods on your database.

Just like Enterprise view Instance view displays alerts about your database. There are some differences however.The Enterprise view shows you all alerts that are triggered for the database, the Instance view does not. The Instanceview shows only the alerts that are relevant in the context of a single Oracle instance. For example DataGuard alertsare not displayed on Instance view because they are outside of scope of a single Oracle instance. Likewise OracleRAC specific alerts are not shown on Instance view either.

Another important difference is that alerts on Instance view are shown next to the component they are related to. Forexample "SQLs not shared" alert will be shown next to the Shared Pool component while "Temp free space" will beshown next to temp files so that the user can immediately pinpoint what component of an Oracle instance requiresattention.

An alert is shown next to the component it is related to

Other than that the alerts function in much the same way as on Enterprise view. You receive an alert notificationwhen a new alert is triggered that draws your attention to the component. You can then click on the alert icon next tothe component to see the alert or alert list for that component. You can also disable and configure alerts in the sameway you do it on Enterprise view.

Item selection and context menus. Every item on Instance view can be selected with a mouse. Once the item is se-lected the user can bring up a context menu for this item by right-clicking on it.

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Some context menu choices are specific to the item and some apply to all items. So Alert History option is providedfor all items and lets you view all alerts raised for the selected item only.

Instance info box. Instance info box displays important information about the instance: database name, instancename, Oracle version and edition, operating system version, operating system host and database uptime

Sessions and network. The upper part of Instance View shows information about user sessions and network statist-ics. It shows the time it takes to send a simple request to the server and get back the results (response time). High re-sponse times may indicate that server is too busy or the network is experiencing a problem.

It also shows the number of active sessions and inactive sessions currently connected to the database and networkstatistics - bytes per second sent and received by Oracle from the clients over Oracle Net Services and the number ofroundtrips (messages) per second.

Operating system statistics. If the option to monitor operating system statistics was chosen an operating systembox is dislayed in the right upper corner, showing CPU and memory statistics

System Global Area. SGA (System Global Area) box displays some vital information about Oracle shared memoryareas. The caption shows the maximum size (sga_max_size) and allocated memory and pool area shows informationfor every memory pool configured in SGA. All memory pools configured for the instance are shown each in its ownbox inside SGA, including buffer caches, shared pool, large pool etc. Only the pools that are configured are shown.If for instance Keep Pool has not been configured for the instance it will not be displayed. Inside each pool's box isthe information relevant for this pool including:

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• For each pool its name and current size

• Advisories where available. For example if advisory (V$DB_CACHE_ADVICE) is enabled for the buffer cacheit is depicted by arrows in the upper right corner of the box. Arrows up show that the advisory suggests that therespective pool may benefit from increasing its size. Arrows down show that according to the advisory size can bereduced without performance penalty; no arrows means size is adequate or advisory is not available

• Hit ratio where applicable

• Percent used where applicable

• Buffer cache - rate of block changes per second

• Shared pool - rate of SQLs per second

• Library cache - soft parse rate

• Redo buffer - redo entries per second

Program Global Area. PGA (Program Global Area) box displays some vital information about server processesprivate memory areas. The caption shows the maximum PGA size allocated since startup and current amount of al-located memory. PGA memory mode (MANUAL or AUTO) and hit ratio are shown in the box below the caption

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Work areas staticstics including maximum size alllocated for work areas since startup and the amount of PGA cur-rently consumed by work areas as well as memory sort ratio and work area executions statistics are shown in WorkArea box in the lower part of PGA box

Oracle Processes. One level below memory areas on Instance View is occupied by various Oracle processes in-cluding Oracle background and user processes. Each type of Oracle processes is represented by a process box.Where the number of processes can vary and the maximum can be set by initialization parameters as for parallel orshared processes the current number and the maximum are depicted by the quantity gauge below the process box.

Processes that read or write data usually have a link to the memory region or the files from which they are reading orwriting data (blue for writing and yellow for reading data). The number next to the link shows the current speed ofthe data flow averaged if necessary.

Files. One level below processes on Instance View is occupied by various Oracle files including Oracle datafilesundo and temp tablespaces. Each type of Oracle tablespace is represented by a cylinder, showing percent used spaceas well as current size and maximum configured on a quantity gauge below the cylinder.

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Links coming in and out of the cylinder represent the data flow i.e. the amount of data read from or written to the re-spective tablespace per second.

Redo logs and archive destinations. The right lower corner of the Instance view is occupied by various Oraclecomponents related to redo generation and archiving. Redo buffer at the bottom of SGA displays important informa-tion related to the functioning of the redo buffer such as the size and redo entries per second statistics. The links con-necting the redo buffer and log writer process and log writer process to online redo log show the speed at which logwriter writes the information to the current redo log. Online redo log is depicted by a ring below the log writer re-flecting its circular nature. The number at the top of online redo log item is the current sequence number

If the database is in NOARCHIVELOG mode no more information related to redo is shown. If the database is inARCHIVELOG mode an archiver process box is displayed showing the number of currently configured archive pro-cesses and archive logs cylinder. Archive logs information is only available if Monitor OS option was selected.

Oracle alert log file. Oracle alert log item is shown next to other Oracle files. Whenever an error is discovered inthe Oracle alert log an alert is shown next to this item as shown on the picture:

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In addition to it you can view the Oracle alert log file tail by right-clicking on the Alert log item and choosing OpenOracle Alert log. To search in the Oracle Alert log window enter the text to search into the search box and pressEnter. Press Enter again to move to the next occurence.

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Drill-down views

If you identify a problem with an Oracle database performance you can further analyze it using drill-down views.Drill-down views are different from Enterprise and Instance views in that they do not collect their information inreal-time and do not show the overall system performance but rather allow to concentrate on one specific aspect orcomponent like e.g. Shared Pool or Network performance. Some of the drill-down views are composed of multiplesubviews and some views can appear in more than one parent view:

• System. Parameters, Configuration, System statistics, Charts

• Sessions. All Sessions, Top Sessions, Locks, Processes, Statistics.

• Top. Top SQL, Top Sessions, Top segments

• Memory. Buffer pools, Buffer wait stats, Shared pool stats, PGA stats

• Waits. Events, Locks, Buffer wait stats, All latches, Parent and child latches, Current latch holders

• Storage. Tablespaces.

• I/O. Files, Top Segments, Logical, Physical, Tables

• Buffer cache. Buffer pool list, Buffer wait statistics.

• I/O. Segments, Logical I/O, Physical I/O, Tables scan statistics.

• Undo. Undo tablespaces, Statistics, Undo retention

• Redo. Redo groups and members, Log switch history, Statistics, Archived logs

• Temp. Files

• Backup. Archived logs.

• Network. Statistics.

All drill-down views share some common widgets used to display or change the settings for the view.

Toolbar

Drill-down view toolbar located just above the view allows to refresh the contents of the view manually (Refreshbutton on the left) or set the interval to automatically update the view.

The rotating flower icon on the left shows that the view is being updated. Once the update is complete the last up-date time is shown on the toolbar.

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Some views also have other controls on the toolbar specific to the view, for example, Kill Session button on the Ses-sions view.

Tables

Tables are often used to display list-like (processes list) or tree-like (explain plan) information in drill-down views.

The user can sort by a single column, move, resize andchange the order of columns, show or hide a columand copy or export the contents of the table. To copy arow or rows in a table select the row or multiple rowsusing Ctrl or Shift buttons, right-click on the table andselect Copy as HTML or Copy as text. The copiedrows are placed on the clipboard.

To hide or show a column in a table right-click on anycolumn caption and check or uncheck the columns youneed to show or hide.

To sort by a column simply click on its caption. Tosort in descending order click again. To change the or-der of columns click on a column caption and drag itto the desired location. To resize a column position themouse between the column captions click and drag thecaption end to the desired width.

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Drill-down chart

Drill-down charts are used to visualize performance statistics over time. Drill-down charts can be configured to dis-play a single or multiple statistics at the same time and move or narrow/stretch the time period to see statistics for.

Drill-down charts settings can be adjusted using drill-down chart configuration dialog. Press the Configurechart button at the top of the drill-down chart. In theconfiguration dialog you can add or remove statisticsfrom the chart, change the line thickness, color andread the description of the statistics.

Drill-down chart has three major components: thechart area, the overview band/time period chooser andthe legend. The chart area is where the charts are dis-played. The overview band and time period chooserbecome visible when the mouse is positioned over theoverview line. The overview band shows all availablestatistics values. The time chooser allows to move andchange the width of the selected time period. The le-gend shows the selected statistics and their chart color.

Choosing time period. You can change the selected time period by moving it back and forth in time and by nar-rowing or stretching the time period.

Moving time period. The easiest way to move the selected time period is by dragging the chart area. Position yourmouse over the chart area, press its left button and drag the mouse to the right or to the left to move the time period.The same can be achieved by positioning the mouse over the time chooser handle and dragging it in the desired dir-ection.

Stretching time period. To narrow or widen the selected time period position your mouse over the overview line.The overview band and the time period chooser will show up. Position your mouse over the left or the right handleof the time period chooser and drag it to narrow or widen the time period. There are also shortcuts for the most com-mon time periods in the upper part of the chart area.

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Flat chart

Flat charts are most often to display 24 hours by 7 days summary of some performance statistics. The values areshown with the intensity of the color. The legend below the chart helps understand the distribution of statistics andthe actual value can be seen by hovering the mouse over the corresponding square.

Bar chart

Bar charts display values as vertical bars. To see more detailed information about each value position your mouseover the bar. The value for the selected bar as well as some additional information will be shown in a tooltip.

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System

Oracle System view has 4 subviews that allow you to view and edit Oracle initialization parameters including hid-den parameters, other important database and instance configuration data, system statistics table and charts. You canset the view to automatically refresh every N seconds or refresh it manually. The Oracle System view can be filteredand sorted, the columns can be moved and resized with a mouse. To hide or show columns in System view right-click on a column and check or uncheck a column in the list. To open System view double-click on an Oracle data-base and choose System tab.

Parameters. To view or edit Oracle initialization parameters click on the Parameters tab below System view tab.You can sort Parameters list by any colum, filter by name by typing the first letters of the parameter name into Filterby name box. You can also choose to see only the modified parameters and show or hide hidden parameters.

Editing parameters. To change the value of a parameter select an editable parameter in the list (parameters thatcannot be edited are shown on a gray background) and press Edit Parameter button or simply double-click the onparameter.

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In the Edit Parameter dialog you can set various options available for an Oracle ALTER SYSTEM (SESSION) com-mand such as scope, comments, sid, deferred and others.

Configuration. Configuration subview shows other important Oracle database and instance configuration data aswell as licensing, options and NLS parameters. To open Configuration view click on the Configuration tab belowSystem view tab.

System statistics. System statistics subview shows Oracle system statistics (current value).

Charts. System statistics charts subview allows to select any number of Oracle statistics and add them to a drill-down chart. A month worth of statistics history can be analyzed.

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Sessions

Sessions view can be used to view Oracle user sessions and processes, find the sessions that consume most of thesystem resources, kill and trace sessions. Sessions view includes 5 subviews: all sessions, top sessions, locks, pro-cesses and statistics

All sessions

Oracle Sessions view shows a list of Oracle sessions currently connected to the database and the details for the se-lected session. You can set the view to automatically refresh every N seconds or refresh it manually. The OracleSessions view can be filtered and sorted, the columns can be moved and resized with a mouse. To hide or showcolumns in Sessions view right-click on a column and check or uncheck a column in the list. To open Sessions viewdouble-click on an Oracle database and choose Sessions tab.

Current session. The current (own) session is always highlighted for easy identification

Activity column. One column in the All Sessions list is a special column in that its value is not directly retrievedfrom Oracle but rather calculated based on the sessions statistics. The value is displayed as a speed gauge and themore active the session is i.e. the more resources it is using on the server the faster the speed gauge moves. The rota-tion of the speed gauge helps easily and quickly pinpoint the sessions that are the most resource-intensive right now.This column is shown for active sessions only.

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Long op column. The long op column is based on the Oracle long op (long operations) statistics. If a session is re-ported by Oracle as performing a long operation this column shows the estimated percentage of work done as a pro-gress bar.

Parallel server sessions. You can easily see which sessions spawned parallel servers and how many. Parallel serversessions are displayed under their query coordinator as shown on the picture:

As you can see a session with SID=12 has spawned 4 parallel servers

Killing or disconnecting a user session. To kill or disconnect a user session select the session in the list and pressKill Session toolbar button. You can choose whether to allow the current transaction to finish to kill immediately. Insome cases it is preferrable to kill the shadow process first. It is not recommended by Oracle but sometimes it is theonly way to ensure that killed session does not hang in the database until reboot. Use this option only if you cannotget rid of killed sessions otherwise.

Starting/stopping trace for a session. To start/stop trace for a selected session or sessions select the session(s) andpress Start trace or Stop trace buttons.

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Top sessions

Top sessions view can be used to find sessions that consume most of the system resources. Select the statistics tosort the sessions by in the list on the toolbar and the number of top sessions to display.

All statistics or selected only. Top sessions view has an option to display all statistics for all top sessions or onlythe statistics by which the sessions are sorted.

If Show All option waschosen the top sessions willbe displayed as 3D chartswhere each chart shows allstatistics for the session.The legend at the bottom ofthe view explains what stat-istics are displayed. The ac-tual values are shown rightbelow the chart.

If Selected only was chosena single 3D chart shows theselected statistic value forall top sessions. The sessionattributes (SID, serial# andusername or backgroundprocess) are displayed nextto the session's bar.

Locks

Oracle Locks view shows a list of Oracle sessions currently holding or requesting a lock and the details for the se-lected session. You can set the view to automatically refresh every N seconds or refresh it manually. The OracleLocks view can be filtered and sorted, the columns can be moved and resized with a mouse. To hide or showcolumns in Locks view right-click on a column and check or uncheck a column in the list. To open Locks viewdouble-click on an Oracle database and choose Sessions/Locks tab.

Holders and waiters. You can easily see which sessions are waiting for other sessions to release a lock. Thewaiters are shown under the holders in the order in which they requested a lock and the object they are waiting for isdisplayed next to the waiting session. For example in a situation as shown on the picture:

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you can easily see that session SID=23, TEST1 is holding a transaction lock and a lock on TEST_TABLE. Further,SID=33, TEST2 is waiting for this session to release a lock on TEST_TABLE. The requested mode is Exclusive andit has been waiting for 105 seconds. Next the sessions SID=19 and SID=20 are waiting in turn for SID=33 to acquireand release its lock to proceed.


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Processes

Oracle Processes view shows a list of Oracle processes as returned by V$PROCESS system view. You can set theview to automatically refresh every N seconds or refresh it manually. The Oracle Processes view can be filtered andsorted, the columns can be moved and resized with a mouse. To hide or show columns in the view right-click on acolumn and check or uncheck a column in the list. To open Oracle processes view double-click on an Oracle data-base and choose Sessions/Processes tab.

Statistics

Oracle session statistics view is a history view that can be configured to show statistic history for the past hour, dayor month. It collects and displays session-related Oracle statistics:

• Logons

• User calls

• User commits

• User rollbacks

• CPU used by sesions

• Logical reads

You can read the description for each statistic, adjust its color or line thickness or adding additional statistics ifavailable by pressing Configure chart button at the upper right corner of the corresponding chart.

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Top

Oracle Top view allows to analyze and find the most expensive SQLs, sessions or database segments that accountfor most I/O

Top SQL

Oracle Top SQL view allows to analyze and find the most expensive SQLs in terms of logical or physical I/O, CPUor other criteria. You can select the number of top N SQLs to display and the statistic to sort by: buffer gets, diskreads, executions etc.

You can set the view to automatically refresh every N seconds or refresh it manually. The Oracle SQL view can besorted by clicking on a column but it is important to know that sorting affects only the top N SQLs that were re-trieved according to the criteria (buffer gets, disk reads etc.), The columns can be moved and resized with a mouse.To hide or show columns in SQL view right-click on a column and check or uncheck a column in the list. To openSQL view double-click on an Oracle database and choose SQL/Top SQL tab.

To see the details for a SQL select it in the list. The full text, explain plan and SQL statistics are displayed in thepanels below.

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Top sessions

Top sessions view can be used to find sessions that consume most of the system resources. Select the statistics tosort the sessions by in the list on the toolbar and the number of top sessions to display.

All statistics or selected only. Top sessions view has an option to display all statistics for all top sessions or onlythe statistics by which the sessions are sorted.

If Show All option waschosen the top sessions willbe displayed as 3D chartswhere each chart shows allstatistics for the session.The legend at the bottom ofthe view explains what stat-istics are displayed. The ac-tual values are shown rightbelow the chart.

If Selected only was chosena single 3D chart shows theselected statistic value forall top sessions. The sessionattributes (SID, serial# andusername or backgroundprocess) are displayed nextto the session's bar.

Top segments

To find out what tables/indexes are most heavily stressed or cause contention choose Segments I/O view. For ex-ample, to pinpoint the table, index or materialized view that accounts for most physical I/O select physical reads orwrites in the list on the toolbar and sort the segments list by value in descending order by clicking on Value columncaption.

Warning

Segments I/O view is available on Oracle 9i Release 2 and higher only.

Full statistics for the selected segment are shown in the Stats tab below the segments list.

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Memory

Oracle Top view allows to analyze and find the most expensive SQLs, sessions or database segments that accountfor most I/O

Buffer pools

Oracle buffer pools view shows the list of buffer pools, configured for the system, including default buffer pools forall data block sizes, keep and recycle pools.

You can set the view to automatically refresh every N seconds or refresh it manually. The Oracle buffer pools viewcan be sorted by clicking on a column caption, the columns can be moved and resized with a mouse. To hide orshow columns in the view right-click on a column and check or uncheck a column in the list. To open Buffer poolsview double-click on an Oracle database and choose Buffer Cache/Buffer Pool tab.

The statistics for a buffer pool are shown in the buffer pool statistics tab when a buffer pool is selected in the list.

Wait statistics

The type of buffer that causes the most waits can be found using the Wait statistics view. This view shows the waitsper buffer type for buffer busy waits

Shared pool statistics

Oracle shared pool statistics view is a history view that can be configured to show statistic history for the past hour,day or month. It collects and displays shared pool-related Oracle statistics:

• Hard parses

• Total parses (hard and soft)

• Executes

• CPU time spent parsing


PGA

PGA statistics view is a history view that can be configured to show statistic history for the past hour, day or month.It collects and displays PGA-related Oracle statistics:

• workarea executions - optimal

• workarea executions - onepass

• workarea executions - multipass

• sorts (disk)

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• sorts (memory)

• sorts (rows)


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Waits

Wait events

Oracle Waits view shows Oracle wait events and their related statistics. The user can choose to display or hide idlewait events

You can set the view to automatically refresh every N seconds or refresh it manually. The Oracle Waits view can besorted by clicking on a column caption, the columns can be moved and resized with a mouse. To hide or showcolumns in Waits view right-click on a column and check or uncheck a column in the list. To open Waits viewdouble-click on an Oracle database and choose Waits tab.

To see the history for a wait event or a group of wait events select the wait events in the list. The wait history chartshows wait event statistics for a week. If several wait events have been selected their statistics are added up.

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Locks

Oracle Locks view shows a list of Oracle sessions currently holding or requesting a lock and the details for the se-lected session. You can set the view to automatically refresh every N seconds or refresh it manually. The OracleLocks view can be filtered and sorted, the columns can be moved and resized with a mouse. To hide or showcolumns in Locks view right-click on a column and check or uncheck a column in the list. To open Locks viewdouble-click on an Oracle database and choose Sessions/Locks tab.

Holders and waiters. You can easily see which sessions are waiting for other sessions to release a lock. Thewaiters are shown under the holders in the order in which they requested a lock and the object they are waiting for isdisplayed next to the waiting session. For example in a situation as shown on the picture:

you can easily see that session SID=23, TEST1 is holding a transaction lock and a lock on TEST_TABLE. Further,SID=33, TEST2 is waiting for this session to release a lock on TEST_TABLE. The requested mode is Exclusive andit has been waiting for 105 seconds. Next the sessions SID=19 and SID=20 are waiting in turn for SID=33 to acquireand release its lock to proceed.


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Wait statistics

The type of buffer that causes the most waits can be found using the Wait statistics view. This view shows the waitsper buffer type for buffer busy waits

Latches

Oracle latches view shows the list of latches, parent and child latches and current latch holders.

You can set the view to automatically refresh every N seconds or refresh it manually. The Oracle latches view canbe sorted by clicking on a column caption, the columns can be moved and resized with a mouse. To hide or showcolumns in the view right-click on a column and check or uncheck a column in the list. To open Latches viewdouble-click on an Oracle database and choose Lathces tab.

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Storage

Oracle Storage view shows the tablespaces, datafiles, objects and space usage statistics.

You can set the view to automatically refresh every N seconds or refresh it manually. The Oracle Storage view canbe sorted by clicking on a column caption, the columns can be moved and resized with a mouse. To hide or showcolumns in Storage view right-click on a column and check or uncheck a column in the list. To open Storage viewdouble-click on an Oracle database and choose Storage tab.

To see the details for a tablespace select it in the list. The data or temp files that belong to the selected tablespaceand the objects (segments) that reside in the selected tablespace are displayed in the panels below. For example tofind the largest table in a tablespace, select the tablespace in the list, then open Objects tab below and sort by Sizecolumn.

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I/O

I/O view helps identify and eliminate I/O bottlenecks and both physical and logical I/O related problems. I/O viewincludes 4 subviews: segments, logical I/O, physical I/O and table scans.

Files I/O

Files I/O view shows the breakdown of I/O activity by Oracle files. By sorting this view you can find out what filesand tablespaces account for most I/O activity

Top segments

To find out what tables/indexes are most heavily stressed or cause contention choose Segments I/O view. For ex-ample, to pinpoint the table, index or materialized view that accounts for most physical I/O select physical reads orwrites in the list on the toolbar and sort the segments list by value in descending order by clicking on Value columncaption.

Warning

Segments I/O view is available on Oracle 9i Release 2 and higher only.

Full statistics for the selected segment are shown in the Stats tab below the segments list.

Logical I/O

Logical I/O view is a history view that can be configured to show statistic history for the past hour, day or month. Itcollects and displays logical I/O-related Oracle statistics:

• db block changes

• consistent changes

• db block gets

• consistent gets


Physical I/O

Physical I/O view is a history view that can be configured to show statistic history for the past hour, day or month. Itcollects and displays physical I/O-related Oracle statistics:

• Physical reads

• Physical writes

• Physical reads direct

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• Physical writes direct


Table scans

Table scans view is a history view that can be configured to show statistic history for the past hour, day or month. Itcollects and displays table scans-related Oracle statistics:

• Table scans block gotten

• Table fetch by rowid

• Table scans rows gotten

• Table fetch continued row

• Table scans (short tables)

• Table scans (long tables)


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Undo

Undo view can be used to analyze undo-related problems such as ORA-01555 errors or tune undo retention. Undoview includes 3 subviews: undo tablespaces, statistics and undo retention.

Warning

Undo view is available on Oracle 9i and higher only.

Tablespaces

Undo tablespaces view shows the list of undo tablespaces configured for the database. The tabs below the list showthe details about the selected undo tablespace, such as files that comprise the tablespace, rollback segments and theirstatistics and current transactions using the tablespace.

Statistics

To find out what was the longest query on the database or when most undo was generated or what was the highestnumber of concurrently running transaction use Undo statistics view. Undo statistics view is based onV$UNDOSTAT system view and shows undo statistics for the past week grouped by hour in a 24x7 flat chart.

Undo retention

Undo retention view can be used to calculate undo space requirements for a given undo_retention parameter setting.

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Redo

Redo view can be used to analyze redo-related statistics and current redo logs configuration. Undo view includes 3subviews: redo groups and members, log switch history and statistics.

Groups

Redo groups view shows the list of redo log groups configured for the database. When a group is selected its mem-bers are shown in the redo members table. The current group is highlighted.

Log switch history

Log switch history view helps find out how often and when most of redo log switches occured and shows the redolog switch statistics for the past 2 weeks grouped by hour in a 24x14 flat chart.

Statistics

Redo statistics view is a history view that can be configured to show statistic history for the past hour, day or month.It collects and displays redo-related Oracle statistics:

• redo size

• redo blocks written

• redo entries

• redo wastage


Archived log

Archive destination and archived logs view shows the list of all archive destinations. When an archive destination isselected the list of archived logs for this destination is shown in the archived logs table.

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Temp

Temp view displays information about Oracle temp space and usage.

Temp I/O

Temp I/O view shows the breakdown of I/O activity by Oracle temp files. By sorting this view you can find outwhat temp files and tablespaces account for most I/O activity

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Backup

Backup view displays information related to Oracle backup and archived log.

Archived log

Archive destination and archived logs view shows the list of all archive destinations. When an archive destination isselected the list of archived logs for this destination is shown in the archived logs table.

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Network

Network statistics view is a history view that can be configured to show statistic history for the past hour, day ormonth. It collects and displays network-related Oracle statistics:

• bytes sent via SQL*Net to client

• bytes received via SQL*Net from client

• SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client

• bytes sent via SQL*Net to dblink

• bytes received via SQL*Net from dblink

• SQL*Net roundtrips to/from dblink


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Operating system

Operating system overview

Operating system overview is a detailed real-time snapshot of an OS server showing performance and other criticalinformation for a single OS.

Just like Enterprise view Operating system overview view displays alerts about your OS host. There are some differ-ences however. The Enterprise view shows you all alerts that are triggered for the OS host, the Overview does not.The Operating system overview shows only the alerts that are relevant in the context of a single OS server.


Sessions and network. The upper part of OS overview shows information about user sessions and network statist-ics. It shows the time it takes to send a simple request to the server and get back the results (response time). High re-sponse times may indicate that server is too busy or the network is experiencing a problem.

It also shows the number of active sessions and inactive sessions currently connected to the server and network stat-istics - network packets sent and received per second.

Info box. Info box displays important information about the OS host: operating system type and release, servername, uptime, current time, users, and runqueue length.

CPU box. CPU box shows all available CPUs and their load, including system and user-mode CPU usage.

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Memory and load charts. Other vital OS host performance metrics, including available and free memory, memoryused for file cache, paging and swapping, context switches and load average are displayed in the memory and loadcharts.

Processes. The total number of processes, running, sleeping and zombies (zombie process or defunct process is aprocess that has completed execution but still has an entry in the process table, this entry being still needed to allowthe process that started the zombie process to read its exit status) are show below memory statistics.

Disks. The disks show used space on the disk drives and the swap partition/files. The quantity gauge below the cyl-inder shows the actual amount of free and total space.

Links coming in and out of the cylinder represent the data flow i.e. the amount of data read from or written to thedisk drives per second.

Processes

Processes view shows a list of operating system processes currently running. You can set the view to automatically

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refresh every N seconds or refresh it manually. The Processes view can be filtered and sorted, the columns can bemoved and resized with a mouse. To hide or show columns in the view right-click on a column and check or un-check a column in the list. The hierarchy of processes (parent-child relationship) can be shown with Show hierarchytoolbar checkbox.

Killing a process. To kill a process select the process in the list and press Kill Process toolbar button or select KillProcess in the pop-up menu.

Storage

Operating system storage view shows the drives (mounts) and space usage statistics.

You can set the view to automatically refresh every N seconds or refresh it manually. The Storage view can be sor-ted by clicking on a column caption, the columns can be moved and resized with a mouse. To hide or show columnsin Storage view right-click on a column and check or uncheck a column in the list.

The breakdown of the total, free and used space on all volumes (mounts) is displayed below the table

Network

Operating system network view shows active TCP connections, ports on which the computer is listening and ether-net statistics

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You can set the view to automatically refresh every N seconds or refresh it manually. The Network view can be sor-ted by clicking on a column caption, the columns can be moved and resized with a mouse. To hide or show columnsin Storage view right-click on a column and check or uncheck a column in the list.

Warning

Network, sessions and shell views are available on UNIX only

Sessions

Operating system sessions view shows all currently connected operating system users and the details of their con-nection such as login time, idle time and IP address.

You can set the view to automatically refresh every N seconds or refresh it manually. The Network view can be sor-ted by clicking on a column caption, the columns can be moved and resized with a mouse. To hide or show columnsin Storage view right-click on a column and check or uncheck a column in the list.

Shell

Shell view is a special type of view in that it allows you to login to you operating system host using your login andpassword you entered when adding an Enterprise view item and execute any command that your user account isconfigured to access.

Note

The connection to your operating system host is established using secure SSH protocol

Press Login to login to the operating system shell. You can then execute any command your user account is con-figured to access. For example, you can type: vmstat to analyze your operating system performance.

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Web

Web server overview

Web server view is a detailed real-time snapshot of an Web server showing performance and other critical informa-tion for a single web server.

Just like Enterprise view Web Server view displays alerts about your web server. There are some differenceshowever. The Enterprise view shows you all alerts that are triggered for the web server, the Instance view does not.The Web Server view shows only the alerts that are relevant in the context of a single web server.


Response time. Response time shows the time it takes to send a simple request to the server and get back the results(response time). High response times may indicate that server is too busy or the network is experiencing a problem.

Response time history item shows last and maximal time it took to process a single request as well as response timechart over the last 20 measurements

Availability chart shows the overall response time statistics

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Operating system statistics. If the option to monitor operating system statistics was chosen an operating systembox is dislayed showing CPU and memory statistics

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Alerts

Receiving alerts

An item such as a database or a file server may encounter a condition that triggers an alert. An alert is a visual noti-fication to the user that something might possibly go wrong with your server. By way of an example free space inyour data files might be approaching zero or CPU usage on your web server might be close to 100%. Conditions thatrequire the user's attention are reported as alerts. Alerts are shown on all views but not every alert is shown on everyview and not every alerts may make sense for every item. For instance the data file free space alert does not makesense for a web server and is not triggered for one. All alerts are always reported on Enterprise view where you cansee them by clicking on the alert icon next to the item the alert is being reported for.

Tip

If you are not interested in receiving particular alert click on alert list and choose Disable this alert for allitems

Internal alerts. Some conditions may trigger what is called an internal alert. If for example a database server is toobusy and does not respond to requests eventually the queue of requests gets overfilled and an internal alert is fired.

Internal alert icon is similar to a regular alert and is placed next to the regular alert icon. Just as a regular alert itshows detailed alert information when clicked and can be closed. Unlike regular alerts internal alerts cannot be con-figured, disabled and do not have severities.

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Sometimes an internal alert text contains an Oracle error code returned by the database. You can find out more aboutthe Oracle error by typing the error code into Oracle Lookup error code box on the toolbar and pressing Enter. Youcan omit the leading and trailing zeros.

User-defined alerts

You can define your own alerts according to the business needs and have them displayed on the Insider views justlike internal Insider alerts.

You can send an alert to Insider from any Oracle application or job using Oracle DBMS_PIPE.SEND_MESSAGEprocedure. You need to supply (pack) alert text, ON/OFF switch and severity and send the message to the 'IN-SIDER' pipe. Here is an example of a user-defined alert:

DECLARERES INTEGER;

BEGINDBMS_PIPE.PACK_MESSAGE('My custom alert');DBMS_PIPE.PACK_MESSAGE('ON');DBMS_PIPE.PACK_MESSAGE(50);RES:=DBMS_PIPE.SEND_MESSAGE('INSIDER');

END;

The first call to pack_message supplies the alert text. The second call passes the alert state. ON turns the alert on.OFF turns it off. You need to pass the same alert message when turning off an alert. The third parameter is severity.To raise an alert with Info severity pass 30 as the third parameter, 50 for Warning and 100 for Critical severity.

Using custom alerts you can extend Insider's functionality to include virtually any condition you consider importantin your environment.

Alert profiles

If you have to maintain multiple servers with different availability requirements you can define multiple alert pro-files and assign them on a per-server basis. You may want, for example, define one alert profile for production serv-ers and another for development servers. The production alert profile would report all alert and have lower thresholdlevels while the development alert profile would only report critical alerts. You can define alert profiles in the AlertProfiles and Configuration window. You can either select Alerts > Alerts in the main menu or right-click on an alertpop-up and choose Configure this alert. Alternatively, you can go to Alert Profiles and Configuration dialog directlyby pressing Alerts configuration button on the application toolbar. It brings up Alert Profiles and Configuration win-dow where you can edit alert profiles, adjust alert parameters and their severities or enable/disable alert in the selec-ted alert profile.

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Alerts configuration

Selecting alerts

Unless you open Alert Profiles and Configuration dialog by selecting pop-up menu Configure this alert on an alertlist on either Enterprise or Instance view which takes you directly to the alert you want to configure you need first tofind the alert. All alerts are listed on the left side of the dialog next to the profiles list. If you know the name of youralert you can start typing it in the textbox above the list of alerts and the list will scroll to the first matching alert.

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Editing alerts parameters

On the alert editing panel you can see the fulldescription of an alert and modify alert para-meters or turn on/off alert severities or dis-able the alert altogether. Disabled alerts ap-pear grey in the alert list. Sometimes it is alsodesirable not to fire an alert immediately, assoon as the alert condition has been met. Forexample, if you do not wish to be notified ofa CPU usage peak unless it lasts longer than2 minutes you can specify an alert pendingtime. Alert pending time is a time period In-sider waits before firing an alert. The alert isfired only if the alert condition has been metfor at least the alert pending time. You startediting an alert by reading its description anddeciding at what severity levels you want toreceive this alert. If you do not need e.g. tosee the alert until it becomes critical turn offinformational and warning severities byclicking on its captions. Then adjust alertparameters for critical severity and press OKor Apply

For alerts that do not allow more than oneseverity at a time (single-severity alerts) suchas "Server down" you won't be able to enablemore than one severity

Notification profiles

Notification profiles can be used when multiple administrators monitor the same server or a group of servers, orwhen different servers have different notification requirements. Like alert profiles, notification profiles can be as-signed on a per server basis. If you need, for example, to direct all alert notications to one person during work hoursand to another after hours you can define two administrators and two schedules and add these to a notification pro-file. Notifications will be sent according to the schedule. Alternatively, notification profiles can be used to definedifferent availability requirements to different servers. You can define, for example, two notification profiles, onethat would send all alerts to multiple administrators and another that would only send critical alerts to one adminis-trator and assign these profiles to production and development servers respectively. You can define notification pro-files in the Notification Profiles window. You can select Alerts > Notification profiles in the main menu to bring upthe Notification Profiles dialog. Alternatively, you can go to Notification Profiles dialog directly by pressing Noti-fication Profiles button on the application toolbar. It brings up Notification Profiles window where you can edit noti-fication profiles, create or edit administrators and schedules and assign them to notification profiles.

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Administrators

Administrators are the users of this application, those responsible for monitoring and reacting to the alerts sent outby Insider. You can define administrators in the Administrators window. You can select Alerts > Administrators inthe main menu to bring up the Administrators dialog. Alternatively, you can go to Administrators dialog directly bypressing Administrators button on the application toolbar. It brings up Administrators window where you can editcreate or edit administrators, define their primary and backup emails, SMTP server to use and other properties.

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Schedules

Schedules can be used to define when notifications should be sent. You can define schedules in the Schedules win-dow. You can select Alerts > Schedules in the main menu to bring up the Schedules dialog. Alternatively, you cango to Schedules dialog directly by pressing Schedules button on the application toolbar. It brings up Schedules win-dow where you can edit create or edit schedules.

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To include an hour into the schedule click on the cell that represents this hour. For example, to include Tuesday,1pm-2pm into the schedule click on the cell at the intersection of Tuesday and 1pm row (the hours shown in the ta-ble are the start time of a one-hour period). The cell will turn blue to show that the hour has been included into theschedule. To deselect click on the same cell again. You can select an entire day by clicking on a column header oran hour by clicking on a row header. You can select or deselect the entire week by clicking on a button in the left topcorner.

Profiles

Once you have defined administrators and schedules you can assign them to a notification profile. To edit a notifica-

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tion profile open the Notification profiles dialog, select a profile to edit and press Edit button or create a new profile.You can add multiple Administrator-Schedule assignments to a profile. Once a notification profile is assigned to aserver and an alert is fired Insider will go over the list of assignments of the notification profile and send notifica-tions to all administrators whose schedule includes the time the alert was raised. In addition to defining administrat-or and schedule you can also selectively disable any alert priority from the assignment. If you need, for example, tonotify the selected administrator only about critical alerts in the night, select the administrator, create and selectNights schedule and uncheck Warning and Info checkboxes on the assignment before adding it to the profile.

Alert descriptions

Oracle alerts

Oracle user alert User alert

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Data tablespace free space Percentage of free space in a tablespace

Temp tablespace free space Percentage of free space in a temporary tablespace

Undo tablespace free space Percentage of free space in an undo tablespace

No temp space allocated No temp space is allocated for the database. Some opera-tions requiring temp space will fail

Unarchived logs Percentage of unarchived online redo logs

PGA - multipass executions Under the one-pass threshold, when the size of a workarea is far too small compared to the input data size mul-tiple passes over the input data are needed This coulddramatically increase the response time of the operator.This is known as the multi-pass size of the work area Forexample, a serial sort operation that needs to sort 10GBof data needs a little more than 10GB to run optimal andat least 40MB to run one-pass If this sort gets less that40MB, then it must perform several passes over the inputdata

PGA - one-pass executions When the size of the work area is smaller than optimal,the response time increases, because an extra pass is per-formed over part of the input data. This is known as theone-pass size of the work area. The goal is to have mostwork areas running with an optimal size (for example,more than 90% or even 100% for pure OLTP systems),while a smaller fraction of them are running with a one-pass size (for example, less than 10%)

Buffer cache (2K) hit ratio Buffer cache hit ratio shows how frequently data blocksare accessed from the memory (buffer cache) rather thanfrom disk. A hit ratio of 95% or greater is considered tobe a good hit ratio for OLTP systems. The hit ratio forDSS (Decision Support System) may vary depending onthe database load. A correctly tuned buffer cache can sig-nificantly improve overall database performance. By it-self however, the buffer cache hit ratio is not very mean-ingful, and the data buffer cache hit ratio is largelymeaningless for decision support and data warehouse ap-plications because of their propensity to have full-tablescans and parallel full-table scans (which may bypass thedata buffers entirely, using PGA memory).


Buffer cache (8K) hit ratio Buffer cache hit ratio shows how frequently data blocks

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are accessed from the memory (buffer cache) rather thanfrom disk. A hit ratio of 95% or greater is considered tobe a good hit ratio for OLTP systems. The hit ratio forDSS (Decision Support System) may vary depending onthe database load. A correctly tuned buffer cache can sig-nificantly improve overall database performance. By it-self however, the buffer cache hit ratio is not very mean-ingful, and the data buffer cache hit ratio is largelymeaningless for decision support and data warehouse ap-plications because of their propensity to have full-tablescans and parallel full-table scans (which may bypass thedata buffers entirely, using PGA memory).



Keep pool hit ratio The KEEP pool is where you place the objects you wantto keep cached in memory. After a short warmup periodthe KEEP pool hit ratio should be as close to 100% aspossible

Recycle pool hit ratio The RECYCLE pool is where you place the objects younever want to keep cached in memory. The cache hit ra-tio for the RECYCLE pool should be as close to 0% aspossible (i.e. all access to the RECYCLE pool shouldresult in a physical read)

Dictionary cache hit ratio Misses on the data dictionary cache are to be expected insome cases. On instance startup, the data dictionarycache contains no data. Therefore, any SQL statement is-sued is likely to result in cache misses. As more data isread into the cache, the likelihood of cache misses de-

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creases. Eventually, the database reaches a steady state,in which the most frequently used dictionary data is inthe cache. At this point, very few cache misses occur.Typically, if the shared pool is adequately sized for thelibrary cache, it will also be adequate for the dictionarycache data

Redo buffer allocation retries The value of redo buffer allocation retries should benear zero over an interval. If this value increments con-sistently, then processes have had to wait for space in theredo log buffer. The wait can be caused by the log bufferbeing too small or by checkpointing. Increase the size ofthe redo log buffer, if necessary, by changing the valueof the initialization parameter LOG_BUFFER. The valueof this parameter is expressed in bytes. Alternatively, im-prove the checkpointing or archiving process.

Sorts to disk ratio Sorts on disk are sorts that could not be performed inmemory, therefore they are more expensive becausememory access is faster than disk access. When Oraclewrites sort operations to disk, it writes out partially sor-ted data in sorted runs. After all the data has been re-ceived by the sort, Oracle merges the runs to produce thefinal sorted output. If the sort area is not large enough tomerge all the runs at once, then subsets of the runs aremerged in several merge passes. If the sort area is larger,then there are fewer, longer runs produced. A larger sortarea also means that the sort can merge more runs in onemerge pass

Soft parse ratio Soft parse ratio: This shows whether there are many hardparses on the system. The ratio should be compared tothe raw statistics to ensure accuracy. For example, a softparse ratio of 0.2 typically indicates a high hard parserate. However, if the total number of parses is low, thenthe ratio should be disregarded

Parse to execute ratio In an operational environment, optimally a SQL state-ment should be parsed once and executed many times.This alert could indicate poor cursor reuse. Find out whatspecific SQL statements have a parse count that is equalto the execute count. These statements are contributingto ineffective cursor sharing

Archive destination error Oracle reports an error archiving to one of the archivedestinations

Archive destination error Archive destination configuration error

Response time The time it takes for the Oracle server to respond to asimple query is too high. The server may be overloaded

Timed Statistics Timed statistics is not enabled on the database. Statisticsinformation is not available for this database. To enabletimed statistics set STATISTICS_LEVEL initializationparameter to TYPICAL or ALL

Buffer cache advice Buffer cache advice is not enabled on the database. Stat-istics information is not available for this database. Toenable buffer cache advisor set DB_CACHE_ADVICE

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initialization parameter to ON

PGA Advice PGA Advice is not enabled on the database. PGA Adviceis not available if PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET is notset. In addition, PGA Advice is not updated if the STAT-ISTICS_LEVEL parameter is set to BASIC. To enablePGA Advice set STATISTICS_LEVEL initializationparameter to TYPICAL or ALL

Shared pool advice Shared Pool Advice is not enabled on the database. Stat-istics information is not available for this database. Toenable timed statistics set STATISTICS_LEVEL initial-ization parameter to TYPICAL or ALL

Physical standby out of sync A standby database is out of sync. It may not be receiv-ing redo logs from the primary database or is too busy toprocess in a timely manner

Physical standby not applying logs A standby database is receiving redo logs from theprimary database but is not applying them in a timelymanner. It may be too busy or the log apply process isdown

Archived log gap detected An archive gap can occur on the standby system when itis has not received one or more archived redo log filesgenerated by the primary database. The missing archivedredo log files are the gap. If there is a gap, it is automat-ically detected and resolved by Data Guard by copyingthe missing sequence of log files to the standby destina-tion. For example, an archive gap can occur when thenetwork becomes unavailable and automatic archivingfrom the primary database to the standby database tem-porarily stops. When the network is available again,automatic transmission of the redo data from the primarydatabase to the failed standby database resumes. DataGuard requires no manual intervention by the DBA todetect and resolve such gaps. In some situations, auto-matic gap recovery may not take place and you will needto perform gap recovery manually. For example, you willneed to perform gap recovery manually if you are usinglogical standby databases and the primary database is notavailable

Number of waiting sessions The number of sessions waiting to proceed is high. Thiscould be due to resource contention

Log file sync When a user session commits (or rolls back), the ses-sion's redo information must be flushed to the redo log-file by LGWR. The server process performing the COM-MIT or ROLLBACK waits under this event for the writeto the redo log to complete. If this event's waits consti-tute a significant wait on the system or a significantamount of time waited by a user experiencing responsetime issues or on a system, then examine the averagetime waited. If the average time waited is low, but thenumber of waits are high, then the application might becommitting after every INSERT, rather than batchingCOMMITs. Applications can reduce the wait by commit-ting after 50 rows, rather than every row. If the average

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time waited is high, then examine the session waits forthe log writer and see what it is spending most of its timedoing and waiting for. If the waits are because of slow I/O, then try the following:

- Reduce other I/O activity on the disks containing theredo logs, or use dedicated disks

- Alternate redo logs on different disks to minimize theeffect of the archiver on the log writer

- Move the redo logs to faster disks or a faster I/O sub-system

- Consider using raw devices to speed up the writes

- Depending on the type of application, it might be pos-sible to batch COMMITs by committing every N rows,rather than every row, so that fewer log file syncs areneeded

Log buffer space This event occurs when server processes are waiting forfree space in the log buffer, because all the redo is gener-ated faster than LGWR can write it out.Modify the redolog buffer size. If the size of the log buffer is alreadyreasonable, then ensure that the disks on which the on-line redo logs reside do not suffer from I/O contention.The log buffer space wait event could be indicative ofeither disk I/O contention on the disks where the redologs reside, or of a too-small log buffer. Check the I/Oprofile of the disks containing the redo logs to investig-ate whether the I/O system is the bottleneck. If the I/Osystem is not a problem, then the redo log buffer couldbe too small. Increase the size of the redo log buffer untilthis event is no longer significant

Log file parallel write The log file parallel write alert is triggered when the ses-sions are waiting for log writer to write redo from logbuffer to all the members of the redo log group. LGWRwrites to the active log file members in parallel only ifthe asynchronous I/O is in use. Otherwise it writes toeach active log file member sequentially. If the sessionsare waiting on this event you may want to put redo logfiles on faster devices or investigate if there is a conten-tion on the redo log drives

Log file switch (archiving needed) The log file switch (archiving needed) alert is triggeredwhen sessions are waiting for a log switch because thelog that the LGWR will be switching into has not beenarchived yet. Check the alert file to make sure thatarchiving has not stopped due to a failed archive write.To speed archiving, consider adding more archive pro-cesses or putting the archive files on striped disks

Log file switch (checkpoint incomplete) The log file switch (checkpoint incomplete) alert istriggered when sessions are waiting for a log switch be-cause the sessions cannot wrap into the next log. Wrap-

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ping cannot be performed because the checkpoint for thatlog has not completed. You may see this alert when theredo log files are sized too small

Write complete The write complete waits occur because Oracle cannotallow blocks that are about to be written to disk by DB-WR to be modified, lest an inconsistent block image bewritten to disk. If write complete waits constitute a signi-ficant part of the overall waits then an inefficiency in theI/O subsystem could be the cause. Possible solutions are:

- Spread datafiles across multiple disks

- Use multiple database writers

- Turn on asynchronous I/O

Buffer busy waits The buffer busy wait alert is fired when a session wantsto access a data block in the buffer cache that is currentlyin use by some other session. The other session is eitherreading the same data block into the buffer cache or it ismodifying the one in the buffer cache. It might be thatmany processes are inserting into the same block andmust wait for each other before they can insert. The solu-tion could be to use automatic segment space manage-ment or partitioning for the object in question. Also lookat the specific buffer wait statistics available in the viewV$WAITSTAT to see which block type has the highestwait count and the highest wait time. The possible ac-tions might be:

If the predominant buffer waits are for:

Data blocks - Eliminate HOT blocks from the applica-tion. Check for repeatedly scanned / unselective indexes.Change PCTFREE and/or PCTUSED. Check for 'right-hand-indexes' (indexes that get inserted into at the samepoint by many processes). Increase INITRANS. Reducethe number of rows per block.

Segment header - Increase of number of FREELISTs.Use FREELIST GROUPs (even in single instance thiscan make a difference).

Freelist blocks - Add more FREELISTS. In case of Par-allel Server make sure that each instance has its ownFREELIST GROUP(s).

Undo header - If you are not using automatic undo man-agement, then add more rollback segments or increasetheir size

You can select also from V$SEGSTAT (or its user-friendly but costly equivalentV$SEGMENT_STATISTICS) the top segments thatcause the buffer busy waits

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Free buffer waits This alert indicates that a server process was unable tofind a free buffer and has posted the database writer tomake free buffers by writing out dirty buffers. A dirtybuffer is a buffer whose contents have been modified.Dirty buffers are freed for reuse when DBWR has writ-ten the blocks to disk. DBWR may not be keeping upwith writing dirty buffers in the following situations:

- The I/O system is slow.There are resources it is waitingfor, such as latches.

- The buffer cache is so small that DBWR spends mostof its time cleaning out buffers for server processes

- The buffer cache is so big that one DBWR process isnot enough to free enough buffers in the cache to satisfyrequests

If this event occurs frequently, then examine the sessionwaits for DBWR to see whether there is anything delay-ing DBWR.

Writes

If it is waiting for writes, then determine what is delay-ing the writes and fix it. Check the following:

Examine V$FILESTAT to see where most of the writesare happening

Examine the host operating system statistics for the I/Osystem. Are the write times acceptable?

If I/O is slow:

Consider using faster I/O alternatives to speed up writetimes

Spread the I/O activity across large number of spindles(disks) and controllers

Cache is Too Small

It is possible DBWR is very active because the cache istoo small. Investigate whether this is a probable cause bylooking to see if the buffer cache hit ratio is low. Alsouse the V$DB_CACHE_ADVICE view to determinewhether a larger cache size would be advantageous

Cache Is Too Big for One DBWR

If the cache size is adequate and the I/O is already evenlyspread, then you can potentially modify the behavior ofDBWR by using asynchronous I/O or by using multipledatabase writers

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Consider Multiple Database Writer (DBWR) Processesor I/O Slaves

Configuring multiple database writer processes, or usingI/O slaves, is useful when the transaction rates are highor when the buffer cache size is so large that a singleDBWn process cannot keep up with the load

Lock waits The lock wait alert is triggered when the sessions spendsignigicant time waiting on locks; these can be either ex-plicit user locks or implicit locks Oracle puts on objectsduring their modifications like e.g. locks on rows or in-dex entries during inserts, updates or deletes

Cache buffers LRU chain latch waits The cache buffers LRU chain alert is usually triggered byexcessive buffer cache throughput. For example, ineffi-cient SQL that accesses incorrect indexes iteratively(large index range scans) or many full table scans. Thecache buffer LRU chain latch must be obtained in orderto introduce a new block into the buffer cache, and whenwriting a buffer back to disk. It is possible to reduce con-tention for the cache buffer lru chain latch by increasingthe size of the buffer cache and thereby reducing the rateat which new blocks are introduced into the buffer cache.

Cache buffers chains latch waits The cache buffers chains alert is usually triggered bycontention in the buffer cache. Reducing contention forthe cache buffer chains latch will usually require redu-cing logical I/O rates by tuning and minimizing the I/Orequirements of the SQL involved. High I/O rates couldbe a sign of a hot block (meaning a block highly ac-cessed)

Redo allocation latch waits The redo allocation latch controls the allocation of spacefor redo entries in the redo log buffer. There is one redoallocation latch per instance. You need to consider to in-crease the size of the LOG_BUFFER or reduce the loadof the log buffer using NOLOGGING features when pos-sible

Redo copy latch waits The redo copy latch is used to write redo records into theredolog buffer. This latch is waited for on both singleand multi-cpu systems

Library cache latch waits The library cache latches protect the cached SQL state-ments and objects definitions held in the library cachewithin the shared pool. The library cache latch must beacquired in order to add a new statement to the librarycache. During a parse, Oracle searches the library cachefor a matching statement. If one is not found, then Oraclewill parse the SQL statement, obtain the library cachelatch and insert the new SQL

The first resource to reduce contention on this latch is toensure that the application is reusing as much as possibleSQL statement representation. Use bind variableswhenever possible in the application. Misses on thislatch may also be a sign that the application is parsing

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SQL at a high rate and may be suffering from too muchparse CPU overhead.If the application is already tunedthe SHARED_POOL_SIZE can be increased. Be awarethat if the application is not using the library cache ap-propriately, the contention might be worse with a largerstructure to be handled

Library cache pin latch waits The library cache pin latch must be acquired when astatement in the library cache is reexecuted. Misses onthis latch occur when there is very high rates SQL execu-tion. There is little that can be done to reduce the load onthe library cache pin latch, although using private ratherthan public synonyms or direct object references such asOWNER.TABLE may help.

Shared pool latch waits The shared pool latch is used to protect critical opera-tions when allocating and freeing memory in the sharedpool. If an application makes use of literal (unshared)SQL then this can severely limit scalability and through-put. The cost of parsing a new SQL statement is expens-ive both in terms of CPU requirements and the numberof times the library cache and shared pool latches mayneed to be acquired and released. Before Oracle9, thereuse to be just one such latch to the entire database to pro-tects the allocation of memory in the library cache. InOracle9 multiple childs were introduced to relieve con-tention on this resource

Ways to reduce the shared pool latch are, avoid hardparses when possible, parse once, execute many. Elimin-ating literal SQL is also useful to avoid the shared poollatch. The size of the shared_pool and use of MTS(shared server option) also greatly influences the sharedpool latch

Row cache objects latch waits The row cache objects latch comes into play when userprocesses are attempting to access the cached data dic-tionary values. It is not common to have contention inthis latch and the only way to reduce contention for thislatch is by increasing the size of the shared pool

Chained row fetches The chained rows alert is triggered when the percentageof chained or migrated rows fetched exceeds a threshold.Retrieving rows that span more than one block increasesthe logical I/O by a factor that corresponds to the numberof blocks than need to be accessed. Exporting and re-importing or reorganizing the table with thedbms_redefinition utility may eliminate this problem.Evaluate the settings for the storage parameters PCT-FREE and PCTUSED. This problem cannot be fixed ifrows are larger than database blocks (for example, if theLONG datatype is used and the rows are extremelylarge)

Session high physical reads The session high physical reads alert is triggered whenthe database is performing a lot of physical reads and asmall percentage of active sessions is responsible for asignificant percentage of the total physical reads

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Session high physical writes The session high physical writes alert is triggered whenthe database is performing a lot of physical writes and asmall percentage of active sessions is responsible for asignificant percentage of the total physical writes

Session high logical reads The session high logical reads alert is triggered when thedatabase is performing a lot of logical reads and a smallpercentage of active sessions is responsible for a signific-ant percentage of the total logical reads

Session high network load The session high network load alert is triggered when alot of data is being sent to/from the database and a smallpercentage of active sessions is responsible for a signific-ant percentage of the total network traffic

Session high redo generation The session high redo generation alert is triggered whena lot of redo is being generated and a small percentage ofactive sessions is responsible for a significant percentageof the total redo

Session high memory consumption The session high memory consumption alert is triggeredwhen a lot of memory is being used and a small percent-age of active sessions is responsible for a significant per-centage of the total amount of used memory

Session high CPU consumption The session high CPU consumption alert is triggeredwhen a lot of CPU resources is being used and a smallpercentage of active sessions is responsible for a signific-ant percentage of the total used CPU time

Session high sorts The session high sort alert is triggered when a lot of sortsis being performed and a small percentage of active ses-sions is responsible for a significant percentage of thetotal number of sorts

Library cache reloads Previously cached SQL statements were aged out of thelibrary cache. This could indicate that shared pool is toosmall. In an application that reuses SQL effectively, on asystem with an optimal shared pool size, the number ofreloads will have a value near zero

Library cache invalidations Library cache data was invalidated and had to be re-parsed. Invalidations should be near zero. This meansSQL statements that could have been shared were inval-idated by some operation (for example, a DDL). Thisstatistic should be near zero on OLTP systems duringpeak loads. Consult V$LIBRARYCACHE view for de-tails

Parallel servers available Parallel execution performs SQL operations in parallelusing multiple parallel processes. One process, known asthe parallel execution coordinator, dispatches the execu-tion of a statement to several parallel execution serversand coordinates the results from all of the server pro-cesses to send the results back to the user. PARAL-LEL_MAX_SERVERS initialization parameter specifiesthe maximum number of parallel execution processesand parallel recovery processes for an instance. As de-mand increases, Oracle increases the number of pro-cesses from the number created at instance startup up to

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this value. The Parallel Server alert is triggered when allor most parallel servers are busy. Try increasing PAR-ALLEL_MAX_SERVERS initialization parameter tomake more parallel servers available. If you set this para-meter too low, some queries may not have a parallel exe-cution process available to them during query pro-cessing. If you set it too high, memory resource short-ages may occur during peak periods, which can degradeperformance.

Open sessions limit The number of open sessions is close to a limit. The limitis set by the initialization parameter SESSIONS. SES-SIONS specifies the maximum number of sessions thatcan be created in the system. Because every login re-quires a session, this parameter effectively determinesthe maximum number of concurrent users in the system.You should always set this parameter explicitly to avalue equivalent to your estimate of the maximum num-ber of concurrent users, plus the number of backgroundprocesses, plus approximately 10% for recursive ses-sions.

Processes limit The number of Oracle operating system user processes isclose to a limit. The limit is set by the initialization para-meter PROCESSES. PROCESSES specifies the maxim-um number of operating system user processes that cansimultaneously connect to Oracle. Its value should allowfor all background processes such as locks, job queueprocesses, and parallel execution processes. Try increas-ing PROCESSES initialization parameter is you are ap-proaching this limit.

Open cursors limit The number of opened cursors is close to a limit. Thelimit is set by the initialization parameterOPEN_CURSORS. OPEN_CURSORS specifies themaximum number of open cursors (handles to privateSQL areas) a session can have at once. You can use thisparameter to prevent a session from opening an excess-ive number of cursors. This parameter also constrains thesize of the PL/SQL cursor cache which PL/SQL uses toavoid having to reparse as statements are reexecuted by auser. It is important to set the value ofOPEN_CURSORS high enough to prevent your applica-tion from running out of open cursors. The number willvary from one application to another. Assuming that asession does not open the number of cursors specified byOPEN_CURSORS, there is no added overhead to settingthis value higher than actually needed

Sessions are waiting A session or sessions are blocked and waiting to proceedlonger than a predefined threshold. You may need tocheck what specific event the sessions are waiting forand resolve the situation according to the type of event

Cannot establish new connection Attempt to establish a new connection failed. Listenermay be down or maximum number of open sessionreached

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Oracle Alert Log ${errorCode}

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Operating system alerts

CPU utilization CPU utilization too high

System CPU utilization System CPU utilization too high

Free memory Free memory is too low

Disk free space Disk free space is too low

Context switches Too many context switches

Swapping Swapping too high

Average load Too high average load

Runqueue Run queue length indicates the number of processes thatare ready to run (on the run queue). To ensure each pro-gram has a fair share of resources each one is run for aperiod, when a program is taken out to let another run itis placed on the end of the run queue, and the program atthe head of the run queue is then allowed to execute. Pro-cesses are also removed from the run queue when theyask to sleep, are waiting on a resource to become avail-able, or have been terminated. If the run queue becomestoo long it may indicate a performance problem

Server response time The time it takes for the server to respond to a simplequery is too high. The server may be overloaded

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ReportsInsider allows you to configure and export to HTML a number of preconfigured reports. In addition to the precon-figured reports you can also export any table e.g. the session list or parameters list to HTML.

Availability report

You can generate an availability report for any server Insider is monitoring. To generate an availability report right-click on an item on the Enterprise view and select Availability report. You can then select the time period to gener-ate the report for and export the report to HTML.

Alert history report

You can generate an alert history report for any server Insider is monitoring. To generate an alert history reportright-click on an item on the Enterprise view and select Alert history. You can then select the time period to generatethe report for, alert severities and alert types and export the report to HTML.

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ConfigurationYou open the Settings dialog by selecting Tools > Settings and navigating to the page you need by selecting it in thelist at the top

General

On the General page you can adjust various application parameters such as whether to confirm exit, grid width, pre-ferred browser as well as whether to display pop-up alert notifications

Tip

You may want to disable pop-up alert notification if you experience high CPU load on your workstation

By default Insider uses its high-performance embedded database engine to store its data. The embedded database en-gine is the best choice both space and performance-wise but in some situations you may want to use another data-base such as MySQL or Oracle. You may choose to use Oracle, for example, if you want to look at your data with atool other than Insider or if you believe that the amount of data collected over time became inadequate for the em-bedded database engine.

To configure MySQL or Oracle as an internal database select the type of database you need on the General settingspage and fill out the connection information in the dialog.

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Data Collection

On the data collection page you can adjust various parameters related to the way Insider collects and process thedata retrieved from the servers. You can select the desired refresh rate by either dragging the slider at the top ormanually setting the values for rare, medium and frequently updated statistics information

Note

Manual settings take precedence over the slider i.e. it is the numbers for Rare, Medium and Frequent thatwill eventually be used

If a server becomes irresponsive due to high load Insider will automatically increase refresh rate until it gets serverresponses in a timely manner, overriding user-defined parameters. You can choose to disable this behaviour by un-checking Increase refresh rate on slow response box

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To avoid getting occasional peaks in the statistics gathered from the servers we recommend that you smoothen thedata by allowing Insider to average the statistics over several measurements. You can choose to select the number ofmeasurements to smoothen your data over or to not use averaging and see the actual data

Warning

High refresh frequency should be used with caution. Setting refresh frequency too high may negativelyaffect your server performance as well as slow down Insider itself especially if you have configured manyitems on Enterprise view

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Timeout

An item such as a database can be down or the network may experience a failure. There may be other circumstanceswhere an item can become irresponsive. If this occurs and an item won't respond for a certain period the item getsdisabled. Settings/Timeout page allows you to define the period in seconds before an item gets disabled

If an item becomes irresponsive as a result of a crash or a network failure it gets disabled after timeout. You maychoose to have the item pinged at regular intervals and automatically reenabled once it becomes available again orleave it disabled

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Email notification

On the Email notification page you can define a mail template and select the conditions that Insider should notifyabout such as memory shortage or an internal exception.

Using mail templates you can customize From, Subject and Message Body fields to easier integration with mailparsing software. Press Ctrl-Space to get a list of predefined variables to use in email fields

Predefined variables. To insert alert parameters such as alert text or severity into a mail field you can use pre-defined variables. Whenever Insider encounters such a variable it substitutes it with the actual value.

${alertTime} Time the alert was triggered

${alertName} Alert name

${itemName} Name of the item the alert was triggered for

${description} Alert description

${itemType} Type of the item the alert was triggered for

${alertText} Alert text

${alertType} Alert severity

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Sound notification

On the Sound notification page you can selectively enable sound notification so you can leave Insider running in thebackground and never miss an important alert. Whenever an alert is triggered it will be accompanied by a sound youselect for this alert severity. You can choose your own mp3 files and specify whether the sound should play oncewhen the alert is triggered or at a specified interval

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Proxy

If you are behind a firewall or a proxy you need to specify your proxy parameters for Suggest Feature and Report Is-sue dialogs to work

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Troubleshooting

GeneralSee FAQ section

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FAQ

Q:I don't have an Oracle client installed on my workstation. Can I still use Insider to monitor my Oracle data-bases

A:Yes. Select Thin Driver connection type when entering your database. Oracle thin driver does not require Or-acle client software to be installed on the machine

Q:I am trying to add an Oracle database however my tnsnames.ora file is not found (TNS names list is not popu-lated)

A:Press Locate tnsnames button next to TNS names combo and navigate to your tnsnames file, then press OK

Q:Can Insider support 100+ databases?

A:Yes. Insider requires about 2Mb per database connection so if you have 100 databases you need approxim-ately 200Mb RAM. To lower CPU utilization you may want to turn off alert pop-up notifications ( Tools >Settings > General > Alert ). Lower refresh rate to avoid excessive load on the network.

Q:Why am I getting Parse To Execute Ratio greater than 100% alert?

A:Please see Why Parse count is higher than execute count in V$SYSSTAT Metalink Note 220617.1. This beha-viour is observed on Oracle 8i only

Q:I am getting lots of login messages in UNIX system log

A:Select Use Shell option when you specify operating system connection parameters

Q:I am using Use Shell option and keep getting error messages

A:Use Shell option does not work with variables within UNIX command prompt like e.g. date/time etc. Try re-moving variables from UNIX command prompt or switch off Use Shell option

Q:I am getting a "Not enough priviliges to read alert log" alert

A:When choosing an operating system user account make sure it has correct priviliges to read from Oracle alertlog file. If these priviliges are missing Analyze alert log feature will be disabled and you will receive "Notenough priviliges to read alert log" alert

Q:I am trying to connect to my physical standby however Insider keeps telling me ORA-12520: TNS:listener

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could not find available handler for requested type of server or similar error?

A:To connect to a physical standby or any database in mounted or down state what you should do is:

• connect as sysdba

• try using SERVICE_NAME rather than SID in your tnsnames.ora file

• try configuring the database STATICALLY with the listener. It means lines like

(SID_DESC =(GLOBAL_DBNAME = mydb)(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/9.2.0.5.0)(SID_NAME = mysid)

should be added to your listener.ora

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Glossary

A

AlertAn item such as a database or a file server may encounter a condition that trig-gers an alert. An alert is a visual notification to the user that something mightpossibly go wrong with your server. By way of an example free space in yourdata files might be approaching zero or CPU usage on your web server might beclose to 100%. Conditions that require the user's attention are reported as alerts.Alerts are shown on all views but not every alert is shown on every view and notevery alerts may make sense for every item. For instance the data file free spacealert does not make sense for a web server and is not triggered for one. All alertsare always reported on Enterprise view where you can see them by clicking onthe alert icon next to the item the alert is being reported for.See Also Enterprise View.

Alert historyAll alerts triggered for an Enterprise view item such as a database are saved foranalysis and troubleshooting purposes. Alert history can be accessed by clickingon an Enterprise view item and selecting Alert historySee Also Alert.

Alert list All alerts currently active for an item can be accessed by clicking on a smallalert icon in the right upper corner of the item they are triggered for. Alerts areordered by severity first, then by the time (most recent first). If you right-clickon an alert in the alert list you access a pop-up menu where you can choose todisable or configure the alertSee Also Alert.

Alert notificationIf an alert is triggered for an item a small popup is displayed for a while next tothis item. Alert notification stays on the screen for a few seconds to draw yourattention to the item. After the notification balloon disappears you can still ac-cess alert list for the item by clicking on the alert icon next to itSee Also Alert.

Alert severityThe condition that triggers an alert can become more serious as the situationworsens or less serious if it improves. For example if there is less than 20% offree space on a drive it is worth drawing user's attention. If it becomes less that10% then it is better be approached as soon as possible before the drive fills up.If it is approaching 0 it becomes critical. Correspondingly three severities can bedefined per alert: informational, warning and critical in the order of importancedepending on the amount of free space. You can change the default settings foran alert in the Alert Configuration dialog or turn off some severities altogether.For example if he chooses not to be notified unless the alert conditions becomecritical he can disable informational and warning severities for an alert

Some alerts can have only one severity defined at a time. Indeed it doesn't makesense to have multiple severities for a Server Down alert. It is critical, period.You can however change the severity level for such alert for example from crit-

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ical to warningSee Also Alert.

AveragingThe statistical data received from the servers can (and usually does) have short-term peaks. In most cases these peaks are irrelevant if the statistics is good overa longer-term period. For example a short-term spike in reads from disk may notbe important if overall cache-hit ratio is 99%. To smoothen the data a techniquecalled averaging is used. In its simplest form it means that the data is added upand distributed over a longer period so that lower-activity intervals would com-pensate for occasional spikes. You can choose whether to smoothen the data andif yes over what period

E

Enterprise ViewMain application view showing birds-eye overview of all items being mon-itored. As soon as an item is placed on the Enterprise view Insider starts collect-ing statistical data for the item and triggering alerts if necessary

Enterprise view itemAn item on the Enterprise view. Can be a database, a file server, a web server,an application - anything you might be interested to see inside out.

Enterprise linkA link between two or more items on the Enterprise view. Represents a relation-ship between items such as Oracle DataGuard primary-standby configuration

I

Instance view Detailed real-time snapshot of an Oracle database showing performance and oth-er critical information for an Oracle instance

Item See Enterprise view item.

L

LinkA link between two items on a view representing a relationships between items.For example a link between two Enterprise View items such as Oracle databasesmay represent a primary-standby relationship

The exact meaning of the link varies and depends on context. A link between a

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process and a memory region on an Instance View for example usually repres-ents the data flow i.e. the amount of data read or written by the process to thismemory region. To find out the exact meaning of a link position your mouseover it and read the tooltipSee Also Enterprise link.

Q

Quantity gaugeAn item on some views showing the current number or the current amount andthe maximum configured. For example a quantity gauge for Oracle user pro-cesses show current number of processes and the maximum defined by PRO-CESSES initialization parameter.

The exact meaning of the numbers on the quantity gauge varies and depends oncontext. For a data file item for example the quantity gauge shows its currentand maximum size. To find out the exact meaning of a quantity gauge positionyour mouse over it and read the tooltip

S

Server See Enterprise view item.

Severity See Alert severity.

Speed gaugeAn item on some views showing the speed or intensity of a process. For ex-ample a speed gauge is used for the Activity column of the All Sessions table toshow how active the session is i.e. how resource-intensive it is.

StatisticsThe data collected for an item for example an Oracle database. E.g for an Oracledatabase typically data dictionary views would be interrogated while for someother database it could be stored procedures or variables

V

ViewA view is a visual image capturing certain aspects of real-time information foran item or items being monitored. For example Enterprise view is a birds-eye

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overview of all items while Instance view is a detailed picture for a specific Or-acle database. In other words Instance view is a way of zooming in on an Oracledatabase item on the Enterprise view.See Also Instance view, Enterprise View.

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Index

AAdministrators, 68Alert profile, 65Alerts, 96

history, 96list, 96notification, 96severity, 96

Averaging, 97

EEnterprise view

item, 97link, 97

LLink, 97

NNotification profiles, 67

QQuantity gauge, 98

SSchedules, 69Speed gauge, 98Statistics, 88, 98

VView, 98Views

All sessions, 38Archived log, 54, 56Backup, 56Buffer pools, 45Buffer wait statistics, 45, 49Drill-down, 31Enterprise, 13, 97Files I/O, 51I/O, 51Instance, 25, 97Latches, 49Locks, 40, 48Log switch history, 54Logical I/O, 51Memory, 45Network, 60

Operating system overview, 58Operating system processes, 59Operating system shell, 61Oracle network, 57Oracle processes, 42PGA, 45Physical I/O, 51Redo, 54Redo groups and members, 54Redo statistics, 54Segments, 44, 51Session statistics, 42Sessions, 38, 61Shared pool statistics, 45Storage, 50, 60System, 36Table scans, 52Temp, 55Temp I/O, 55Top, 43Top sessions, 40, 44Top SQL, 43Undo, 53Undo retention, 53Undo statistics, 53Undo tablespaces, 53Waits, 47Web Server, 62

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insider for oracle user guide

Documents

tns names combo

stop trace buttons

embedded database engine

system global area

data warehouse applications

oracle net services

windows services applet

data collection page