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Inspec Subject Updates

Power Systems & Applications

Issue 2005-003

(Created: 22 January 2005)

Table of contents

Section/Heading Page

1.0 Power Systems 11.1 Power System Management, Operation and Economics 11.2 Power System Planning and Layout 51.3 Power System Control 6

2.0 Power Transmission, Distribution and Supply 92.1 Network and Transmission Line Calculations 122.2 Distribution Networks 13

3.0 Power Transmission Lines and Cables 143.1 Power Cables 153.2 Overhead Lines 153.3 Supports, Insulators and Connectors 16

4.0 Power System Protection 16

5.0 Power System Measurement and Metering 19

6.0 Electric Machines and Power Apparatus 206.1 AC Machines 206.2 DC Machines 336.3 Linear Machines 356.4 Small and Special Purpose Electric Machines 356.5 Transformers 366.6 Power Convertors and Power Supplies to Apparatus 376.7 Switchgear 536.8 Substations 54

7.0 Power Utilisation and Applications 547.1 Drives 547.2 Transportation 577.3 Electric Heating and Lighting 607.4 Air Conditioning and Refrigeration 617.5 Industrial Applications 63

Subject Index 64

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1.0 Power Systems

1 High-accuracy, wide-range frequency estimationmethods for power system signals under nonsinusoidalconditionsAuthor(s): Wu Jiekang, Long Jun, Wang Jixiang (Affiliation:Dept. of Electr. Eng., Guangxi Univ., China)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.366-74 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: A numerical differentiation-based algorithm for high-accuracy, wide-range frequency estimation of power systemsis proposed in this paper. The signal includes up to 31st-orderharmonic components. Using the central numericaldifferentiation of multipoints on the basis of Lagrangeinterpolation, the estimated frequency of nonsinusoidal signalsof power systems can be measured at an accuracy of99.999% over a wide range of from 10 to 100 Hz withfundamental amplitude varying from 100 to 300 V and with afundamental phase angle varying from 0 to 360. The proposedalgorithm needs at most two cycles or 40 ms for estimation offrequency over 40 to 60 Hz, and needs at most three cycles or60 ms over 10 to 40 Hz or 60 to 100 Hz. Using Matlabsoftware, the simulation results of the test example aresatisfactory (22 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250542

2 Simulation of managing the generation of ecologicenergy in local energy marketAuthor(s): E. Sroczan (Affiliation: Inst. of Electr. Power Eng.,Poznan Tech. Univ., Poland), A. UrbaniakEditor(s): A.Verbraeck, V.HlupicConference: Simulation in Industry. 15th European SimulationSymposium - ESS 2003, Delft, Netherlands Conference Date:26-29 Oct. 2003 Sponsor(s): Soc. for Modelling andSimulation International Publication: Simulation in Industry.15th European Simulation Symposium - ESS 2003 Publisher:Gruner Druck GmbH, Germany, 2003 Language: EnglishISBN: 3 936150 28 1 Page: 361-6Document type: Conference paperAbstract: The main aim of this paper is to describe strategy ofdecision taken by power system manager to minimize costs ofenergy in terms of spot market. The proposed attempt takesinto consideration some problems of ecologic sources ofenergy, which are committing with conventional power plants.In the given circumstances of demand and load of powerplants and networks simulation of expected values of energyis realized in an interactive mode. There are discussed someresults of the simulation for the model of power system,including conventional thermal power plants, hydropowerplants and wind farm. Neural network technology is applied todefine load frame for set of committing thermal power units,hydropower plant and wind power plant (7 refs.)Inspec No.: 8253614

1.1 Power System Management, Operationand Economics

3 Protection issues during system restorationAuthor(s): T.S. Sidhu, D.A. Tziouvaras, A.P. Apostolov, C.H.Castro, S.R. Chano, S.H. Horowitz, W.O. Kennedy, Sungsoo

Kim, R.J. Martilla, P.G. McLaren, G.L. Michel, K.K. Mustaphi,P. Mysore, M. Nagpal, B. Nelson, F.P. Plumptre, M.S.Sachdev, J.S. Thorp, J.T. UchiyamaJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.47-56 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: Power system blackouts are a very rarephenomenon in a well-planned interconnected power system.Nevertheless it is very important to have plans and systems inplace to handle any eventuality even if it is remote. This reportbrings out various issues related to protection during a systemrestoration process. Power system protection is critical to asafe, efficient, and reliable power system. Protectionengineers take every possible care to ensure that protectionsystems are designed considering all predictable eventualitiesand these constraints have grown over time. However, duringsystem restoration, after a major blackout, it is possible for theprotection elements to be presented with situations, whichthey can mistake for an unhealthy power system and theprotection elements may operate. The prime concern during apower system blackout is to bring the system back tonormalcy as fast as possible. At times, if proper care is nottaken, the protection system can hinder and delay therestoration of the power system. This report discusses varioussuch conditions that can occur during the blackstart of a powersystem and also suggests solutions to manage them withoutcompromising the objectives of protection system i.e., toensure a safe, efficient, and reliable power system (18 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250532

4 Cost-effective applications of power factorcorrection for nonlinear loadsAuthor(s): A.F. Zobaa (Affiliation: Electr. Power & MachinesDept., Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.359-65 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: The objective of this paper is to propose a newapproach for designing passive LC compensators by using thepenalty function method as an optimization tool. Theperformance of the cost-effective passive LC compensator fora constant load depends on the appropriate inductor andcapacitor selection. Several design methods are reviewed anda novel design methodology is proposed in this paper. Byusing the proposed method, the designer can quickly findappropriate parameter values to meet the desired circuitperformance. Simulated results show that an appropriatecombination of the inductor and capacitor selected by theproposed method can meet the desired power-qualityrequirement. Different cases of design examples are shown inthis paper to verify the performance of the proposed designmethodology (25 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250541

5 Series compensation of radial power system by acombination of SSSC and dielectric capacitorsAuthor(s): F.A.R.A. Jowder, Boon-Teck Ooi (Affiliation: Dept.of Electr. & Comput. Eng., McGill Univ., Montreal, Que.,Canada)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.458-65 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8977, Full text

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Document type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper shows that the addition of dielectriccapacitors lowers the cost of series compensation by staticsynchronous series compensator (SSSC). Normally thecapacitor resonates with the line inductance and the L-Celectrical resonance can interact with the torsional resonancesof the multiple-inertia elastic shaft of steam turbine-generatorsto give rise to subsynchronous resonance (SSR) instability.The SSSC has two functions: (1) to provide some seriescapacitive reactance compensation; (2) to damp out incipientunstable SSR modes. Digital simulation using HYPERSIMshows that for an overall degree of capacitive compensation of0.7 pu, the SSSC component is only about 1/3 of thecapacitive Mvar. Based on the transient stability limit, thetransmissibility of the line is increased by a factor of 2.23 (31refs.)Inspec No.: 8250553

6 Use of cooperative game theory in power systemfixed-cost allocationAuthor(s): G.C. Stamtsis, I. Erlich (Affiliation: Inst. of PowerSyst., Univ. of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany)Journal: IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib. (UK), vol.151,no.3, p.401-6 (15 May 2004) Publisher: IEE, UK Language:English ISSN: 1350-2360, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: The use of cooperative game theory in powersystem fixed-cost allocation is investigated. Theimplementation of the allocation game in a bilateral transactionelectricity market as well as in a pool market is discussed andthe use of two well-known solution methods, nucleolus and theShapley value, is explored. Conclusions are drawn whichshow that the Shapley value is a more preferable methodwhen it is in the core of the game. For all the cases, resultsare illustrated in the IEEE 14-bus system (10 refs.)Inspec No.: 8247523

7 Distribution factors for reactive power in thepresence of bilateral transactionsAuthor(s): E. De Tuglie, F. Torelli (Affiliation: Dipt. diElettrotecruca ed Elettronica, Politecnico di Bari, Italy)Journal: IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib. (UK), vol.151,no.3, p.379-87 (15 May 2004) Publisher: IEE, UK Language:English ISSN: 1350-2360, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: The twin factors of limited investment in electrictransmission systems and the over exploitation of electricalresources results in an increase in the need for reactive powerto support system voltage profile and to supply loads. It isreasonable to expect that generators and compensators,heavily involved in reactive support on a voluntary basis, willbe remunerated for their service by market transactions. Thisremuneration will depend on the network topology, i.e. ofbuyers, sellers and reactive injection locations, on the activepower exchanged and the reactive power required by loads.All these aspects are taken into account in developing amethodology based on circuit considerations. Using thisapproach, at a given system operating point characterised bya predefined set of transactions, reactive responsibilities canbe formulated as the sum of two terms: one strictly related totransactions and the other dependent on electric networkparameters. Test results demonstrate the efficacy of theproposed methodology in sharing reactive power

responsibilities in a fair way among market participants (16refs.)Inspec No.: 8247529

8 Application of a nonlinear reactive power pricingmodel for competitive electric marketsAuthor(s): M.J. Rider, V.L. Paucar (Affiliation: Electr. Eng.Dept., Fed. Univ. of Maranhao, Sao Luis - Maranhao, Brazil)Journal: IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib. (UK), vol.151,no.3, p.407-14 (15 May 2004) Publisher: IEE, UK Language:English ISSN: 1350-2360, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: A methodology for calculating active and reactivepower marginal prices is proposed. Attention is given to thereactive power marginal price in a competitive electric market.The formulation adopts a synchronous generators steady-state model with nonlinear reactive power limits. Total cost ofreactive power production (CRPP) is represented as anonlinear model that considers the corresponding economicloss if active power is not generated; that cost is theopportunity cost. The formulation includes the CRPP of thestatic compensators. The methodology has been implementedusing a modified optimal power flow program that includes asequential linear programming technique enhanced with amodified predictor-corrector interior-point method. The IEEE-30, -57, -118 systems and a reduced configuration of theinterconnected (South-Southeast) Brazilian system have beenused for application of the methodology. Results demonstratethat the active and reactive power marginal prices giveeconomical signals that could impel even more theparticipation of agents of competitive reactive power markets(28 refs.)Inspec No.: 8247530

9 Determining the load profiles of consumers basedon fuzzy logic and probability neural networksAuthor(s): D. Gerbec, S. Gasperic, I. Smon, F. Gubina(Affiliation: Fac. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Ljubljana, Slovenia)Journal: IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib. (UK), vol.151,no.3, p.395-400 (15 May 2004) Publisher: IEE, UK Language:English ISSN: 1350-2360, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: Load profiles are a key issue in retail power marketswhere small consumers do not have the appropriate meteringequipment. The main function of load profiles is in loadbalancing, and in the billing of consumers who have deviatedfrom their contracted schedules. However, the act ofestablishing a system that enables consumers who do nothave quarter-hourly load measurements to participate in theretail market, requires the determination of typical load profiles(TLPs) for various consumer types. In addition, a simple andstraightforward method for assigning a TLP to a particulareligible consumer also needs to be established. In the paper amethodology for classifying consumers' load profiles ispresented. The preprocessed measured load profiles (MLPs),using wavelet multiresolution analysis, were clustered with afuzzy C-means clustering algorithm and an appropriatecluster-validity measure. A probability neural network wasused to assign the TLP to a particular group of consumers.The results demonstrate the efficiency of the formationprocedure for the proposed TLPs (23 refs.)Inspec No.: 8247531

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10 Consumers' bounded rationality: the case ofcompetitive energy marketsAuthor(s): I. Dyner, C.J. Franco (Affiliation: Univ. Nacional deColombia, Medellin, Colombia)Journal: Syst. Res. Behav. Sci. (UK), vol.21, no.4, p.373-89(July-Aug. 2004) Publisher: Wiley, UK Language: EnglishISSN: 1092-7026, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: The recent liberalization of the energy industryprovides a challenge for understanding the decision-makingprocesses of the agents involved in their markets. In this newenvironment, it is of particular interest to investigateconsumers' decisions with respect to energy efficiency for arange of purposes that include the assessment of governmentpolicy and traders' strategy intents. The neo-classicmethodologies reported in the literature generally makestrong, and not evident, assumptions with respect to thedecision-making processes of end-users, including: completeinformation, full rationality and lack of risk perception. In thispaper, the concept of bounded rationality is incorporated,seeking alternative grounds to the traditional approaches.Against this background, we examine different sets ofassumptions based on the concept of rationally boundedenergy use and propose policies that may reduce some of theapparent market failures. However, both these claims, as wellas the proposed system dynamics models that intend toaccount for bounded rationality, need to be clearly justified.Here, we do this by indicating, explicitly and implicitly, howbounded rationality operates and what policies and strategiesmight be appropriate to remove some of the consumers'barriers when confronting decisions. The system dynamicsmodels presented in this paper incorporate consumers'behaviour and alternative policies to assess their likely impacton society. Examples related to the penetration of fuels andlighting appliances are provided, to illustrate the approach (47refs.)Inspec No.: 8248461

11 Marginal energy prices in transmission networknodesAuthor(s): F. Buchta (Affiliation: Politechnika Slaskiej, Poland )Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.186, p.15-24 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: Methodology of marginal prices calculation in thenodes of transmission network as well as the way of theirusage for identification of transmission capacity limitation andalso for establishing economic effects arising from liquidationof transmission capacity limitation have been shortlypresented in the paper. In this scope criterion function ofbuilding generators merit order with consideration on requiredpower reserve and security constrained optimal power flowhave been shortly described. The manner of marginal pricesfluctuation has been presented on the four nodes model grid.Some results of marginal prices analysis in real national 400and 220 kV network have been also shown. Main conclusionshave been written at the end of the paper (5 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248906

12 Energy management system and fuzzy control ofvoltage and reactive power in subtransmission systemAuthor(s): R.L.J. Carnevalli, B.M. Mendonca Neta, R.C. Brito,J.L.T. Morra (Affiliation: Eng. Dept., Minas Gerais State

Energy Co., Brazil), A.V. Garcia, P.Y. Ekel, M.F.D. Junges, D.L. Guidoni, R.M. PalharesJournal: WSEAS Trans. Circuits Syst. (Greece), vol.3, no.2,p.306-11 (April 2004) Publisher: WSEAS, Greece Language:English ISSN: 1109-2734Document type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper presents results associated with thesecond stage of the project dedicated to developing,introducing, and employing the xOMNI system (software of thesupervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) type). Thisstage is related to the elaboration of the energy managementsystem (EMS) for the subtransmission system of the MinasGerais State Energy Company. EMS functions are brieflydescribed. One of the most important functions of voltage andreactive power control is considered in detail. Theconsideration covers questions of building diverse types ofsensitivity indices and forming rules providing comprehensiveand flexible solutions in conditions of regulated andderegulated environments. Some aspects of rational carryingout fuzzy logic procedures are considered as well (15 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250060

13 An architecture of a multi-agent system for powersystem operationAuthor(s): A.R. Aoki, Ahmed Ali Abdalla Esmin, G.L. Torres(Affiliation: Electr. Eng. Inst., Itajuba Fed. Univ., Brazil)Journal: WSEAS Trans. Comput. (Greece), vol.3, no.2, p.408-12 (April 2004) Publisher: WSEAS, Greece Language: EnglishISSN: 1109-2750Document type: Journal articleAbstract: There is a permanent demand for new applicationand simulation software for power systems. The main idea ofthis work is purpose architecture of a multiagent system tohelp operators during restoration task of power substationsand distribution systems. This tool was developed using anobject-oriented approach integrated with the intelligent agenttechnology. The application of object-oriented modeling inpower system has been shown appropriated due to its reuseand abstraction. Furthermore, the multiagent systems (MAS)are being applied in power system problems solving, andsome good results were obtained and the interest in this areahas increased in the last two years (5 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250079

14 Comparison of settlement methods in deregulatedpower generation marketAuthor(s): Zhang Yu, Ren Yu-long, Ren Xiao-hong (Affiliation:Chongqing Univ., China)Journal: Electr. Power Sci. Eng. (China), no.2, p.28-62 (2004)Publisher: Editorial Dept. Electric Power Sci. & Eng, ChinaLanguage: Chinese ISSN: 1672-0792Document type: Journal articleAbstract: Different strategies of generation companies underdifferent settlements are introduced. Based on the principle offirst-price sealed auction, the optimal game models of biddingstrategy in deregulated generation power market under twodifferent conditions, the settlement method of market clearingprice (MCP) and the settlement method of pay-as-bid arepresented respectively. The variation of social surplus(welfare) is compared under the two different conditions ofbidding strategies. It is indicated that the settlement method ofpay-as-bid adopted will result in the dead weight loss ofsociety welfare (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8251307

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15 Simulation and calculation for short circuit currentAuthor(s): Zhou Qing-shan, Xiang Tie-yuan, Zou Rong-sheng(Affiliation: Wuhan Univ., China), Luo YaJournal: Electr. Power Sci. Eng. (China), no.2, p.38-68 (2004)Publisher: Editorial Dept. Electric Power Sci. & Eng, ChinaLanguage: Chinese ISSN: 1672-0792Document type: Journal articleAbstract: Short circuit in the power system can be classifiedinto the single phase short circuit, the two phase short circuit,the two phase short circuit to the earth and the three phaseshort circuit . Analysis on the short circuit current when eachkind of short circuit occurred at the same point is presentedand evaluated by Simulink and verified with Matlab (9 refs.)Inspec No.: 8251309

16 Single-phase automatic reclosing based on SPDSneural networkAuthor(s): Chen Shu-ting, Li Ri-iong, Chen Shao-hua(Affiliation: Guangdong Univ. of Technol., Guangzhou, China)Journal: Electr. Power Sci. Eng. (China), no.2, p.42-4 (2004)Publisher: Editorial Dept. Electric Power Sci. & Eng, ChinaLanguage: Chinese ISSN: 1672-0792Document type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper presents a single-phase automaticreclosing method based on SPDS neural network. A three-layer SPDS neural network model is used. The simulationresults of EMTP and MATLAB show that this model is feasibleand the speed of training is faster than that of the BP neuralnetwork (4 refs.)Inspec No.: 8251310

17 Application of air gap to construct layereddispatching communication networkAuthor(s): Zhu Tian-qing, Xiong Ping (Affiliation: Wuhan Univ.,China)Journal: Electr. Power Sci. Eng. (China), no.2, p.49-52 (2004)Publisher: Editorial Dept. Electric Power Sci. & Eng, ChinaLanguage: Chinese ISSN: 1672-0792Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The systems function which makes up thedispatching communication network is analyzed and thesecurity degree of each system is marked. A scheme applyingair gap system to protect dispatching communication networkis proposed. The implementation of the scheme and someassociated problems about the network security are discussed(2 refs.)Inspec No.: 8251312

18 A genetic algorithm for economic dispatching ofgeneratorsAuthor(s): N.J. Rizk (Affiliation: Comput. Sci. Dept., NotreDame Univ., Jounie, Lebanon)Conference: Proceedings. 2004 International Conference onInformation and Communication Technologies: From Theoryto Applications, Damascus, Syria Conference Date: 19-23April 2004 Sponsor(s): Syriatel; Global Commun.; SyrianComput. Soc. Network; HAMSHO Int.; Phoenix Consulting;DETECON: Detecon & Diebold Consultants; RepubliqueFrancaise Ambassade de France en Syrie; Syrian Airlines;STE; JUCI Publication: Proceedings. 2004 InternationalConference on Information and Communication Technologies:From Theory to Applications (IEEE Cat. No.04EX852)

Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 78038482 2 Page: 533-4Document type: Conference paperAbstract: Solving economic dispatching problems in whichgenerators suffer from prohibited zones is a challengingproblem. In this paper, a solution based on genetic algorithm(GA) is suggested. An advantage of GA solutions is that theydo not impose any convexity restrictions on the generatorscost functions. Therefore, they are well suited to deal withprohibited operating zonesInspec No.: 8253497

19 Role of customer perception to quality of servicein power utility managementAuthor(s): M.A. El-Kady, A.M. Shaalan, A.S. Algarni(Affiliation: King Saud Univ., Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)Editor(s): Z.WangConference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 1065-8Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: The introduction of de-regulation and the breakup ofgeneration resulted in attention being directed towards thecustomer perception. This paper presents a framework, whichincludes both tangible and intangible costs associated withelectricity service provision (5 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254112

20 A hybrid intelligent messy genetic algorithm fordaily generation scheduling in power systemAuthor(s): Jun-Jie Yang, Jian-Zhong Zhou, Jing Yu, Wei Wu(Affiliation: Coll. of Hydroelectric & Inf. Eng., Huazhong Univ.of Sci. & Technol., Hubei, China)Conference: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference onMachine Learning and Cybernetics, Shanghai, ChinaConference Date: 26-29 Aug. 2004 Publication: Proceedingsof 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning andCybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04EX826) Publisher: IEEE, USA,2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8403 2 Page: 2217-22vol.4Document type: Conference paperAbstract: Unit commitment (UC) is one of the most importantoptimization tasks of the daily generation scheduling in powersystem. However, getting the global optimal solution to meetall the constraints is a comparatively tough problem. Thebinary coding and stochastic operators in traditional geneticalgorithm (GA) are not suitable for solving large-scale UCproblem. In this paper, the hybrid intelligent messy geneticalgorithm (HIMGA) is proposed to solve the problem due tothe characteristics of the daily generation scheduling in powersystem. The proposed algorithm, using operation status of unitas the genotype and combining heuristic self-adaptedintelligent operators, is not only very simple but it also reducesthe scale of the UC problems, improves the diversity ofevolution population, enhances the searching efficiency anddevelops the convergence of the algorithm. The simulation

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results prove the correctness and validity of the proposedmethod (11 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254230

21 A parallel evolutionary programming basedoptimal power flow algorithm and its implementationAuthor(s): C.H. Lo, C.Y. Chung, D.H.M. Nguyen, K.P. Wong(Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Hong Kong Polytech. Univ.,China)Conference: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference onMachine Learning and Cybernetics, Shanghai, ChinaConference Date: 26-29 Aug. 2004 Publication: Proceedingsof 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning andCybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04EX826) Publisher: IEEE, USA,2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8403 2 Page: 2543-8vol.4Document type: Conference paperAbstract: This paper develops a parallel evolutionaryprogramming based optimal power flow solution algorithm.The proposed approach is less sensitive to the choice ofstarting points and types of generator cost curves. To improvethe robustness and speed of convergence of the algorithm,population and gradient acceleration techniques areincorporated. The developed algorithm is implemented on athirty-six-processor Beowulf cluster. The proposed approachhas been tested on the IEEE 118-bus system under master-slave, dual-direction ring and 2D-mesh topologies.Computational speedup and generation costs for each paralleltopology with different number of processors are thencompared to those of the sequential EP approach (10 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254265

22 Development of electricity trading strategies underNETA using evolutionary algorithms and game theoryAuthor(s): J. Yin, Y. Li (Affiliation: Dept. of Electron. & Electr.Eng., Glasgow Univ., UK)Journal: Syst. Sci. (Poland), vol.29, no.3, p.139-51 (2003)Publisher: Wroclaw Tech. Univ. Press, Poland Language:English ISSN: 0137-1223Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The energy crisis happening in California andproblems emerging in other electricity power markets acrossthe world have led to more collusions and price tricks amongenergy companies and have motivated research into strategicgaming behaviors seen on power markets. Britain's powermarket trades physically and economically similar to that ofCalifornia. Power generation companies in the U.K. make aneffort to attempt gaming strategies in trading. This paperexplores a hybrid game theory and an evolutionary computingmethod to study the possibility and impact of marketmanipulation in the U.K. power markets and hence to searchfor an optimal trading strategy for the best profit (14 refs.)Inspec No.: 8253107

1.2 Power System Planning and Layout

23 Next day load curve forecasting using recurrentneural network structureAuthor(s): T. Senjyu, P. Mandal, K. Uezato (Affiliation: Fac. ofEng., Univ. of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan), T. FunabashiJournal: IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib. (UK), vol.151,no.3, p.388-94 (15 May 2004) Publisher: IEE, UK Language:English ISSN: 1350-2360, Full text

Document type: Journal articleAbstract: A recurrent neural network approach for next dayload curve forecasting using the concept of similar days ispresented. Neural networks applied in traditional predictionmethods all use similar days' data to learn the trend ofsimilarity. However, learning all the similar days' data is acomplex task, and does not suit the training of a neuralnetwork. The authors use the Euclidean norm with weightedfactors to evaluate the similarity between a forecast day and asearched previous day. The load correction method for thegeneration of new similar days is proposed in which the newload data that are suitable to train the neural network, aregenerated by correcting the historical days' data with the helpof load correction rates. In the proposed prediction method,the forecast load is obtained by adding a correction to theselected similar days' data, the correction being obtained fromthe neural network. For training the neural network the back-propagation algorithm along with online learning are adopted.The performance of the developed method for load forecastinghas been tested using the actual load data and temperaturedata of the Okinawa Electric Power Company, Japan. Theresults indicate that accurate load forecasting can be achievedby adopting the proposed method. This paper is an extensionof the one-hour-ahead load forecasting method (10 refs.)Inspec No.: 8247527

24 Multiobjective ant colony search algorithm optimalelectrical distribution system planningAuthor(s): M.G. Ippolito , E.R. Sanseverino, F. Vuinovich(Affiliation: Dipt. di Ingegneria Elettrica, Universita di Palermo,Italy)Conference: Proceedings of the 2004 Congress onEvolutionary Computation, Portland, OR, USA ConferenceDate: 19-23 June 2004 Sponsor(s): IEEE Neural NetworkSoc.; Evolutionary Programming Soc.; IEE Publication:Proceedings of the 2004 Congress on EvolutionaryComputation (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8753) Publisher: IEEE, USA,2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8515 2 Page: 1924-31Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: In this paper, a dynamic multiobjective, MO,algorithm based on the ant colony search, the multiobjectiveant colony search algorithm, MOACS, is presented. Theapplication domain is that of dynamic planning for electricaldistribution systems. A time horizon of H years has beenconsidered during which the distribution system are modifiedaccording to the new internal (loads) and external (market,reliability, power quality) requirements. In this scenario, theobjectives the Authors consider most important for utilities instrategical planning are: the quality requirement connected tothe decrease of the expected number of interruptions per yearand customer, in the considered time frame, and the choicefor the lowest cost strategy. The authors have formulated onpurpose a new dynamic optimization algorithm to treat hardMO problems such as the one of strategical planning. Thealgorithm is a MO version of the ant colony search based onthe concept of Pareto optimality. Namely, it works with asmany colonies of ants as many objectives the problempresents and it is conceptually divided in two different phasesa forward phase, in which single objectives and localincrements are prized and a backward phase in which Paretooptimal solutions are prized (11 refs.)Inspec No.: 8253656

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25 Short-term load forecasting using neural networkwith principal component analysisAuthor(s): Xin-Chen Guo (Affiliation: Coll. of Comput. Sci. &Technol., Jilin Univ., Changchun, China), Zhou-Yi Chen,Hong-Wei Ge, Yan-Chun LiangConference: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference onMachine Learning and Cybernetics, Shanghai, ChinaConference Date: 26-29 Aug. 2004 Publication: Proceedingsof 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning andCybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04EX826) Publisher: IEEE, USA,2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8403 2 Page: 3365-9vol.6Document type: Conference paperAbstract: A neural-network-based approach for short-termload forecasting of electrical power is proposed. The principalcomponent analysis (PCA) technique is used to reduce theoriginal electric load variables to several characteristicvariables. A single parameter dynamic search algorithm(SPDS) is employed to train the neural network. Since thetraining sample sets can be chosen before forecasting, theinterference of the non-correlative samples for the forecastingcan be avoided. The effectiveness and the feasibility of on lineforecasting of the proposed method are examined usingsimulated experiments (12 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254295

26 Fuzzy hidden Markov predictor in electric loadforecastingAuthor(s): M.A. Teixeira, G. Zaverucha (Affiliation: Syst. Eng.& Comput. Sci., Fed. Univ. of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)Conference: 2004 IEEE International Joint Conference onNeural Networks, Budapest, Hungary Conference Date: 25-29July 2004 Publication: 2004 IEEE International JointConference on Neural Networks (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37541)Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 78038359 1 Page: 315-20Document type: Conference paperAbstract: We present a new hybrid system that merges fuzzylogic with dynamic Bayesian networks (DBN's): the fuzzyhidden Markov predictor. It is a modification of the hiddenMarkov model, a particular case of DBN's, in order to enable itto predict continuous values of a time series. A DBN is aBayesian network that represents a temporal probabilitymodel. This hybrid system is applied to the task of monthlyelectric load single-step forecasting and successfullycompared with three regression-by-discretization systems, twofuzzy hybrid systems, two Kalman filter models, and Box-Jenkins and Winters exponential smoothing. The employedtime series present a sudden significant changing behavior attheir last years, as it occurs in an energy rationing (23 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254486

1.3 Power System Control

27 Mechanism of governor control for improvingpower system stability using transient energyAuthor(s): Dong Qing (Affiliation: Sch. of Electr. Eng., NorthChina Electr. Power Univ., Baoding, China), Liu Li-qiang, WeiQing, Yan Xiang-wuJournal: J. North China Electr. Power Univ. (China), vol.31,no.5, p.17-20 (Sept. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Board of theJournal of North China Electric Power University, ChinaLanguage: Chinese ISSN: 1007-2691Document type: Journal article

Abstract: The surplus transient energy (STE) is formed duringthe period of fault in power system. STE leads to theoscillation of generator and can be used to reflect the degreeof the stability lost. The transient energy (TE) is equal to theremainder energy when the dissipation energy is subtractedfrom STE. TE is used as one proof to verify the effect of onestability control law in the paper. The effect on TE caused bythe governor system of turbine generator and the turbinegovernor additional H∞ control (TGAHC), is analyzed. Theresults show that it is helpful to reduce TE by using the controlof the turbine governor system and TGAHC. It is proved thatTE is reduced more quickly by GAHDC. And GAHDC ishelpful to improve the stability of power system. Theconclusion is also proved by simulating tests (4 refs.)Inspec No.: 8247392

28 Research on object-oriented telecontrolcommunication system for power systemAuthor(s): Liu Pei-pei, Zhu Yong-li, Huang Min (Affiliation: Sch.of Comput. Sci. & Technol., North China Electr. Power Univ.,Baoding, China)Journal: J. North China Electr. Power Univ. (China), vol.31,no.5, p.59-62 (Sept. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Board of theJournal of North China Electric Power University, ChinaLanguage: Chinese ISSN: 1007-2691Document type: Journal articleAbstract: A new power telecontrol communication system hasbeen designed. The network structure model and objectmodels of data and communication servers of the systemhave been established, and the model of system has beenimplemented with CORBA technologies. Running results ofexperimental system proves the validation and feasibility ofthe model (9 refs.)Inspec No.: 8247400

29 Robust decentralised load-frequency control usingan iterative linear matrix inequalities algorithmAuthor(s): H. Bevrani (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., OsakaUniv., Japan), Y. Mitani, K. TsujiJournal: IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib. (UK), vol.151,no.3, p.347-54 (15 May 2004) Publisher: IEE, UK Language:English ISSN: 1350-2360, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: The load-frequency control (LFC) problem has beenone of the major subjects in electric power system design/operation and is becoming much more significant today inaccordance with increasing size, changing structure andcomplexity of interconnected power systems. In practice LFCsystems use simple proportional-integral (PI) controllers.However, since the PI controller parameters are usually tunedbased on classical or trial-and-error approaches, they areincapable of obtaining good dynamical performance for a widerange of operating conditions and various load changesscenarios in a multi-area power system. For this problem, thedecentralised LFC synthesis is formulated as an H∞-controlproblem and is solved using an iterative linear matrixinequalities algorithm to design of robust PI controllers in themulti-area power systems. A three-area power systemexample with a wide range of load changes is given toillustrate the proposed approach. The resulting controllers areshown to minimise the effect of disturbances and maintain therobust performance (24 refs.)Inspec No.: 8247533

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30 A method of continuous worsening for determiningthe limiting operating conditions of power systems fromthe view point of static stabilityAuthor(s): V.I. TarasovJournal: Elektrichestvo (Russia), no.9, p.12-18 (2004)Publisher: Editor, Elektrichestvo, Russia Language: RussianISSN: 0013-5380Document type: Journal articleAbstract: A method of continuous worsening is presented,whose purpose is to determine the limiting operatingconditions of a power system from the viewpoint of static(aperiodic) stability on the specified path along which theseoperating conditions are worsened. This method automaticallyspecifies the trajectory of worsening in the space of dependentvariables (active and reactive components of the nodalvoltages) in the form of a convergent power series whosecoefficients are determined using the curvilinear descentmethod. The computation effort for calculating each coefficientin the series is equivalent to that for executing one step of themodified Newton method. The proposed method enables thelimiting operating conditions on the specified path ofaggravation to he determined in essentially a single step (11refs.)Inspec No.: 8248385

31 Evolutionary programming based securityconstrained optimal power flowAuthor(s): P. Somasundaram, K. Kuppusamy, R.P.K. Devi(Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Anna Univ.,Chennai, India)Journal: Electr. Power Syst. Res. (Switzerland), vol.72, no.2,p.137-45 (1 Dec. 2004) Publisher: Elsevier, SwitzerlandLanguage: English ISSN: 0378-7796, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper presents an algorithm for solving securityconstrained optimal power flow problem through theapplication of evolutionary programming (EP). The controllablesystem quantities in the base-case state are optimised tominimize some defined objective function subject to the base-case operating constraints as well as the contingency-casesecurity constraints. An IEEE 30-bus system is taken forinvestigation. The security constrained optimal power flowresults obtained using EP are compared with those obtainedusing conventional security constrained optimal power flow.The investigations reveal that the proposed algorithm isrelatively simple, reliable and efficient and suitable for on-lineapplications (21 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248453

32 Control of the reactive power compensators inindustry power gridAuthor(s): M. Hyla, K. Gierlotka (Affiliation: Inst. of Theor. &Ind. Electr. Eng., Poland)Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.187, p.61-70 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: English ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The problem of the control of reactive powercompensators in multilevel industry power grid is analysed inthe paper. The minimisation of active power losses caused byreactive power flows in the grid is taken as the main criterionof optimisation. Additional criterions and restrictions resultingfrom maintenance of the power factor in desired limits,

different voltage levels in grid nodes, limited range of reactivepower of compensators, discrete (step) operation of somecompensators, capacitors banks for example, are taken intoaccount in the control algorithm. Chosen results of thesimulation research and obtained in industrial control systemare presented in the paper (7 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248901

33 Sinusoidal wave generator with dynamicfrequency changeAuthor(s): P. Kielan, Z. WysockiJournal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.186, p.47-56 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The following paper presents the design assumption,realization and test results for sinusoidal waveform generatorenabling automatic change of frequency within the time period1 s. Generator is dedicated to test frequency relays applied incontrol circuits for electrical power systems (7 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248908

34 Application of the symmetrizing system withsimplified structure to symmetrization of the three-phasefour-wire system supplied from nonideal periodicnonsinusoidal voltage sourceAuthor(s): K. Debowski, M. Pasko (Affiliation: InstytutElektrotech. Teoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland)Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.186, p.83-94 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper describes the possibilities of minimizationof the RMS value of phase currents in three-phase systems.The problem of symmetrization has been presented in manyworks and papers, mainly for three-phase systems. The paperfills the gap between earlier papers in the field of simplificationof the structure of the symmetrizing system. The problempresented in the paper concerns three-phase four-wiresystems with periodical nonsinusoidal voltage sources withinner impedances and asymmetrical linear three-phase loads.Symmetrization of phase system is obtained by means ofconnection of the symmetrizing system composed of LC one-ports. Their structure is determined as a result of the synthesisprocess. After symmetrization currents become symmetricaland their RMS values and active power losses in sourceimpedances become lower, but the source generates activepower greater than before symmetrization. The solution of thepresented problem may be obtained by means of solving ofthe optimization problem or by means of symmetricalcomponents theory. In this paper the symmetrization problemhas been solved by using the symmetrical components theoryand compensation of reactive power for each of voltageharmonics under consideration (7 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248910

35 The control algorithms of active power filter inthree-phase four-wire systems based on instantaneouspower theory "pqr"Author(s): M. Maciazek, M. Pasko (Affiliation: InstytutElektrotech. Teoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland)

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Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.186, p.95-108 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: In this article methods useful for determiningreference compensating currents in three-phase four-wirecircuits with periodic nonsinusoidal waveforms have beenpresented. Shunt active filtering is an effective method toeliminate current harmonics. The method of control of activepower filter, which is based on "pqr" theory, has beendeveloped. It may be applied to control compensators workingin real-time. The theoretical considerations have beenillustrated by a simulation example carried out for manyvarious operating conditions (5 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248911

36 Dynamic modeling of unified power flow controllerfor a simple power systemAuthor(s): S. Sekhar Dash, R.P. Kumudini Devi, K.Kuppusamy (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Anna Univ.,Tamilnadu, India), B.K. PanigrahiJournal: WSEAS Trans. Circuits Syst. (Greece), vol.3, no.2,p.312-17 (April 2004) Publisher: WSEAS, Greece Language:English ISSN: 1109-2734Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The main objective of this paper is to develop adynamic model of unified power flow controller (UPFC). Thismodel can also be used to represent the system with a staticsynchronous compensator (STATCOM) or a staticsynchronous series compensator (SSSC). The UPFC is atypical FACTS (flexible AC transmission systems) controllerplaying a vital role as a stability aid for small and largetransient disturbances in an interconnected power system.The real and reactive power in a transmission line can beinstantaneously controlled by UPFC, which is a pair of back-to-back power electronic converters. The detailed systemstructure and design procedures of the conventional PIcontroller are addressed and discussed. Comprehensivecomputer simulations have been carried out for STATCOMSSSC and UPFC in a single machine infinite bus (SMIB)system (8 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250061

37 Matlab/S-function simulation based on UPFCAuthor(s): Yang Dong-jiao (Affiliation: Dept. of Overhigh-Voltage, Chongqing Electr. Power Co., China), Lei Shao-lan,Zhou LinJournal: Electr. Power Sci. Eng. (China), no.2, p.22-52 (2004)Publisher: Editorial Dept. Electric Power Sci. & Eng, ChinaLanguage: Chinese ISSN: 1672-0792Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The main function and modeling method of S-function are presented. Simulation result indicates that basedon S-function in Matlab the model can greatly reduce thecomputation time needed (2 refs.)Inspec No.: 8251305

38 Recent developments on applications of neuralnetworks to power systems operation and control: anoverviewAuthor(s): Chuangxin Guo, Quanyuan Jian (Affiliation: Coll. ofElectr. Eng., Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China), Xiu Cao, YijiaCao

Editor(s): F.Yin, J.Wang, C.GuoConference: Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2004.International Symposium on Neural Networks. Proceedings,Dalian, China Conference Date: 19-21 Aug. 2004 Publication:Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2004. InternationalSymposium on Neural Networks. Proceedings (Lecture Notesin Comput. Sci. Vol.3174)) Publisher: Springer-Verlag,Germany, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 3 540 22843 8Page: 188-93 Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have found manypotential applications in power systems operation and controlrecently. This paper presents a categorization of the mainsignificant applications of neural networks, which includespower system controller design, power system securityassessment and load forecasting. It is desired that they arehelpful to the construction of more efficient, robust ANNs tosolve a broader range of problems in power systems (18 refs.)Inspec No.: 8253731

39 Output feedback passivity-based control of factsAuthor(s): J. De Leon-Morales (Affiliation: Programa Doctoralen Ingenieria Electr., Univ. Autonoma de Nuevo Leon,Mexico), G. Espinosa-Perez, P. Maya-OrtizEditor(s): F.AllgowerConference: 6th IFAC Symposium on Nonlinear ControlSystems (NOLCOS 2004), Stuttgart, Germany ConferenceDate: 1-3 Sept. 2004 Publication: 6th IFAC Symposium onNonlinear Control Systems (NOLCOS 2004) Publisher: Institutfur Systemtheorie, Germany, 2004 Language: English Page:1319-23 Vol.3Document type: Conference paperAbstract: In this paper an output feedback controller isdesigned for the thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC)aimed at enhancing power system stability. The closed loopsystem is completed by considering a damping injectionpassivity-based controller and a nonlinear observer. It isshown, by using Lyapunov arguments, the asymptotic stabilityproperties of the closed loop system (20 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254025

40 Robust power system transient stabilityenhancement: a global control approachAuthor(s): Y. Wang, G.H. Zhang (Affiliation: Sch. of Electr. &Electron. Eng., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore), D.J. HillEditor(s): F.AllgowerConference: 6th IFAC Symposium on Nonlinear ControlSystems (NOLCOS 2004), Stuttgart, Germany ConferenceDate: 1-3 Sept. 2004 Publication: 6th IFAC Symposium onNonlinear Control Systems (NOLCOS 2004) Publisher: Institutfur Systemtheorie, Germany, 2004 Language: English Page:1325-30 Vol.3Document type: Conference paperAbstract: The nonlinearities and parameter uncertainties of apower system and the system behaviour following a severedisturbance preclude the use of linear control techniques. Inthis paper, a robust controller for transient stabilityenhancement is developed using a global control approach.The nonlinear power system model is first linearized over thewhole operating region by using the direct feedbacklinearization (DFL) technique. After linearization, the systemmodel can be treated as a linear system with large parameteruncertainties. Robust controllers are designed for differentoperating regions. Finally, in order to construct a global control

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system, the fuzzy (or heterogeneous) control technique isused to integrate the local controllers together. The single-machine infinite-bus power system is used as an examplesystem to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposedcontroller. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposedglobal control system can provide superior performance inpower system transient stability enhancement (16 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254026

41 Guaranteeing dynamic performance in nonlinearnon-smooth power systemsAuthor(s): V. Donde (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Comput.Eng., Illinois Univ., Urbana, IL, USA), I.A. HiskensEditor(s): F.AllgowerConference: 6th IFAC Symposium on Nonlinear ControlSystems (NOLCOS 2004), Stuttgart, Germany ConferenceDate: 1-3 Sept. 2004 Publication: 6th IFAC Symposium onNonlinear Control Systems (NOLCOS 2004) Publisher: Institutfur Systemtheorie, Germany, 2004 Language: English Page:1331-6 Vol.3Document type: Conference paperAbstract: Performance specifications place restrictions on thedynamic response of many systems, including power systems.It is often convenient to know parameter values that inducelimiting behaviour, i.e., force the system to just meet thespecification. This limiting behaviour is a form of grazingbifurcation, and can be formulated as a boundary valueproblem. The paper develops a numerical shooting method forcomputing such bifurcation parameter values, and anoptimization algorithm for finding bifurcation values that areclosest to a given parameter set (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254027

42 Discrete-time control design for an HVDCtransmission between two infinite busesAuthor(s): L. Teppoz, G. Bornard, G. Besancon (Affiliation:Lab. d'Autom. de Grenoble, Saint-Martin D'Heres, France)Editor(s): F.AllgowerConference: 6th IFAC Symposium on Nonlinear ControlSystems (NOLCOS 2004), Stuttgart, Germany ConferenceDate: 1-3 Sept. 2004 Publication: 6th IFAC Symposium onNonlinear Control Systems (NOLCOS 2004) Publisher: Institutfur Systemtheorie, Germany, 2004 Language: English Page:1337-42 Vol.3Document type: Conference paperAbstract: This paper proposes a discrete-time control schemefor an HVDC system composed by two infinite buses and atransmission line interconnected together through VSVactuators. The discontinuities induced by these actuators havebeen taken into consideration in the study. The paper deals,on the one hand, with the DC bus voltage regulation and theDC current tracking, in order to guarantee some given powertransmission and on the other hand with the regulation of thereactive powers in order to guarantee unity power factor.These targets are achieved by a linear optimal control of theline from the currents generated by the converters at eachend, and appropriate regulation of those currents (9 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254028

2.0 Power Transmission, Distribution andSupply

43 Measurement of harmonics/inter-harmonics oftime-varying frequenciesAuthor(s): M. Karimi-Ghartemani, M.R. Iravani (Affiliation:Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Toronto, Ont.,Canada)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.23-31 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: A novel method of extraction and measurement ofindividual harmonics of a signal with time-varying frequency ispresented. The proposed method is based on a nonlinear,adaptive mechanism. Compared with the well-establishedtechniques such as DFT, the proposed method offers (i)higher degree of accuracy, (ii) structural/performancerobustness, and (iii) frequency-adaptivity. The structuralsimplicity of the algorithm renders it suitable for both softwareand hardware implementations. The limitation of the proposedmethod as compared with DFT-based methods is its slowertransient response. Based on simulation studies, performanceof the method is presented and its accuracy and responsetime are compared with a DFT-based method (18 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250529

44 Electromagnetic transients simulation models foraccurate representation of switching losses and thermalperformance in power electronic systemsAuthor(s): A.D. Rajapakse, A.M. Gole (Affiliation: Dept. ofElectr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.,Canada), P.L. WilsonJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.319-27 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper presents an electrothermal model of aninsulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) switch suitable for thesimulation of switching and conduction losses in a large classof voltage-sourced converter (VSC)-based flexible actransmission systems (FACTS) devices. The model isobtained by mathematical derivation of loss equations fromthe known submicrosecond device switching characteristics,and through the selection of appropriate differential equationparameters for representing the thermal performance. Themodel is useful in determining the device's heat generation, itsjunction temperature, as well as the cooling performance ofthe connected heat sinks. The model provides accurateresults without recourse to an unreasonably small time step(15 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250537

45 Sensitivity of personal computers to voltage sagsand short interruptionsAuthor(s): S.Z. Djokic (Affiliation: Sch. of Electr. & Electron.Eng., Manchester Univ., UK), J. Desmet, G. Vanalme, J.V.Milanovic, K. StockmanJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.375-83 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal article

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Abstract: This paper discusses the sensitivity of personalcomputers (PCs) to voltage sags and short interruptions onthe basis of the extensive test results. Existing standards andpreviously published works are reviewed, and a description ofa used testing procedure is presented. The following testswere performed: sensitivity to rectangular voltage sags withideal and nonideal supply characteristics, and sensitivity tovoltage sags caused by the starting of large motors. Theresults obtained emphasize the importance of clear definitionof the malfunction criteria for this equipment (24 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250543

46 Evaluation of line voltage drop in presence ofunbalance, harmonics, and interharmonics: Theory andapplicationsAuthor(s): S. Leva, A.P. Morando, D. Zaninelli (Affiliation:Electr. Eng. Dept., Politecnico di Milano, Italy)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.390-6 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN:0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper deals with the line voltage dropcalculation in presence of disturbances in the electric network,like unbalance, harmonic, and interharmonic components. ThePark approach permits to define a calculation expression witha structure very close to the classical one typically employedin case of balanced systems and also permits to underline therole of the imaginary power that quantifies in one term only theeffects of disturbances on the voltage drop. In order to text theeffectiveness of the proposed methodology, two applicationson real industrial plants are presented in the second part ofthe paper. The comparison with the classical theory andcalculation made by using commercial software gives rise tointeresting comments and discussion on the proposedapproach (8 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250545

47 Optimal multiobjective planning of large-scalepassive harmonic filters using hybrid differentialevolution method considering parameter and loadinguncertaintyAuthor(s): Ying-Pin Chang, Chi-Jui Wu (Affiliation: Dept. ofElectr. Eng., Nat. Taiwan Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Taipei,Taiwan)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.408-16 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper is used to investigate the optimalmultiobjective planning of large-scale passive harmonic filtersfor a multibus system under abundant harmonic currentsources using the hybrid differential evolution (HDE) method.The migrant and accelerating operations embedded in HDEare used to overcome traps of local optimal solutions andproblems of time consumption. The design purposes are tominimize the total demand distortion of harmonic currents andtotal harmonic distortion of voltages at each bus. Filters loss,fundamental reactive power compensation, and constraints ofindividual harmonics are also considered. The search for theglobal optimal solution is applied to the harmonic problems ina steel plant, where both ac and dc arc furnaces are used anda static var compensator is installed. Three design schemesare compared to demonstrate the performance of HDE.Finally, expectations of objective function are used to present

the effects of filter parameter detuning and furnace loadinguncertainty (16 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250547

48 VSC transmission operating under unbalancedAC conditions - analysis and control designAuthor(s): Lie Xu, B.R. Andersen, P. Cartwright (Affiliation:Alstom T&D Ltd., Stafford, UK)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.427-34 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper presents an analysis and a new controldesign of a voltage-source converter (VSC) transmissionsystem operating under unbalanced network conditions. Thesystem is analyzed in the positive and negative synchronousreference frames. The proposed control strategy contains amain controller and an auxiliary controller. The main controlleris implemented in the positive d-q frame using decouplingcontrol without involving positive/negative-sequencedecomposition. The auxiliary controller is implemented in thenegative-sequence d-q frame using cross-coupling control ofnegative-sequence current. Simulation results using theSIMULINK power system blockset show good performance ofthe proposed control strategy for a 300-MW 300-kV dc VSCtransmission system during both balanced conditions andunbalanced conditions as may be caused by a solid single-phase-to-ground fault (12 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250549

49 Two control schemes to enhance the dynamicperformance of the STATCOM and SSSCAuthor(s): A.H. Norouzi, A.M. Sharaf (Affiliation: Electr. &Comput. Eng. Dept., Univ. of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB,Canada)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.435-42 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: The paper presents an in-depth investigation of thedynamic performance of the Static Synchronous Compensator(STATCOM) and the Static Synchronous Series Compensator(SSSC) theoretically and by exact digital simulation. A 24-pulse GTO dc-ac converter model is designed to represent theoperation of the STATCOM and SSSC within a powertransmission system. Two major factors of the STATCOMinstability are analyzed and a new Automatic Gain Controller(AGC) is proposed to ensure the stable operation of theSTATCOM under various load conditions. It is shown that thePhase-Locked Loop (PLL) inherent delay has a great effect onthe dynamic operation of the SSSC and a new auxiliaryregulator is proposed to enhance the dynamic performance ofthe SSSC. The proposed control schemes are validated bydigital simulation (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250550

50 Second harmonic components in power systemvoltages and currentsAuthor(s): G.T. Heydt (Affiliation: Arizona State Univ., Tempe,AZ, USA), Y. LiuJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.521-3 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN:0885-8977, Full text

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Document type: Journal articleAbstract: This letter contains an analysis of voltages andcurrents in the second harmonic of the power frequency.Explanation is given for the harmful effects of theseharmonics, including unequal positive and negative peakvalues. Simulation and laboratory results are reported (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250562

51 Applying distance relay for voltage sag sourcedetectionAuthor(s): A.K. Pradhan, A. Routray (Affiliation: Dept. ofElectr. Eng., Indian Inst. of Technol., Kharagpur, India)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.529-31 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper proposes the application of distance relayinformation for a voltage sag source detection problem. It isfound that the magnitude and angle of impedance before andafter the sag event clearly indicate on which side of the power-quality (PQ) monitor, the sag source lies. The requiredinformation on impedance can be obtained by the PQ monitorusing the estimates of distance relay at that point or applyingthe algorithm of such relay (5 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250565

52 Discussion of "Multiresolution S-transform-basedfuzzy recognition system for power quality events"Author(s): C.R. Pinnegar (Affiliation: Seaman Family MRResearch Centre, Calgary, Alta., Canada)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.539-40 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: For original article by M.V. Chilukuri and P.K. Dashsee ibid., vol.19, no.1, p.323-30, January 2004 (3 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250574

53 Closure on "Multiresolution S-transform-basedfuzzy recognition system for power quality events"Author(s): M.V. Chilukuri (Affiliation: Fac. of Eng., MultimediaUniv., Cyberjaya, Malaysia), P.K. DashJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.540(Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN:0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: For original article by M.V. Chilukuri and P.K. Dashsee ibid., vol.19, no.1, p.323-30, January 2004 and fordiscussion by C.R. Pinnegar see ibid., vol.20, no.1, p.539-40,January 2005Inspec No.: 8250575

54 Dynamic characteristics, stability control andanalysis of multiinfeed HVDC transmission systemsAuthor(s): Cai Ze-xiang, Zhu Hao-jun (Affiliation: Coll. ofElectr. Power, South China Univ. of Technol., Guangzhou,China), Bai Xue-feng, Ni Yi-xinJournal: J. North China Electr. Power Univ. (China), vol.31,no.5, p.1-8 (Sept. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Board of theJournal of North China Electric Power University, ChinaLanguage: Chinese ISSN: 1007-2691

Document type: Journal articleAbstract: In this paper, the dynamic characteristics, stabilitycontrol and analysis of multiinfeed HVDC transmission systemare reviewed. The complicated AC-to-DC and DC-to-DCsystem interactions in multiinfeed HVDC systems arediscussed. Based on the state-of-the-art research outputs, thestability and control of multiinfeed HVDC systems arecomprehensively summarized with proposals of furtherresearch presented. The analysis methods for multiinfeedHVDC systems are also assessed with existing problems andfurther improvements suggested (48 refs.)Inspec No.: 8247389

55 A new approach to locate the voltage sag sourceusing real current componentAuthor(s): N. Hamzah, A. Mohamed, A. Hussain (Affiliation:Dept. of Electr. Electron. & Syst. Eng., Universiti KebangsaanMalaysia, Selangor, Malaysia )Journal: Electr. Power Syst. Res. (Switzerland), vol.72, no.2,p.113-23 (1 Dec. 2004) Publisher: Elsevier, SwitzerlandLanguage: English ISSN: 0378-7796, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: Voltage sag can cause hours of downtime,substantial loss of product and also can attribute tomalfunctions, instabilities and shorter lifetime of the load.Accurate voltage sag source location can help to minimize theloss and problems caused by voltage sag in a powerdistribution system. This paper proposes a new method tolocate the source of voltage sag in a power distributionsystem. The proposed method uses the polarity of the realcurrent component to determine the sag location relative tothe monitoring point. The product of the RMS current and thepower factor angle at the monitoring point is employed for thesag source location. A graph of this product against time isplotted. The voltage sag source location is determined byexamining the polarity of the RMS current at the beginning ofthe sag. The proposed method has been verified bysimulations and the results are proven to be in agreementwhen compared with the slope of system trajectory method (8refs.)Inspec No.: 8248452

56 Harmonic modeling of linear and nonlinear loadsbased on Kalman filtering algorithmAuthor(s): S.A. Soliman, R.A. Alammari (Affiliation: Electr.Eng. Dept., Qatar Univ., Doha, Qatar)Journal: Electr. Power Syst. Res. (Switzerland), vol.72, no.2,p.147-55 (1 Dec. 2004) Publisher: Elsevier, SwitzerlandLanguage: English ISSN: 0378-7796, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: Most harmonic nonlinear load modeling techniquesdeveloped in the last two decades, assume that the loadconnected to the load bus has a constant admittance,inductive or capacitive, which depends on the mode ofoperation of the load (constant R, L, and C). This is not true,since the loads in most cases are nonlinear and they injectharmonics into the system. This paper presents a newapplication of Kalman filtering (KF) to nonlinear load modelingin the presence or absence of harmonics. The proposedtechnique uses directly available samples of the load voltageand current to estimate, and track the variation of loadparameters. The proposed algorithm can be used directly on-line for harmonics load modeling, as well as, to track the loadpower active and reactive. The effects of the critical

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parameters on the behavior of the proposed algorithm arediscussed. Results for different simulated examples andpractical examples from field measurements are reported inthe paper. The conclusion drawn from these examples is thatthe algorithm is successful in estimating the load parameters(12 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248454

57 Power conditioning system with SMES - a way toprovide high power qualityAuthor(s): T. Biskup (Affiliation: Instytut ElektrotechnikiTeoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland), C. Buhrer, B.Grzesik, J. Krijgsman, J. Michalak, S. Pasko, M. ZygmanowskiJournal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.192, p.29-38 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: Power quality is nowadays one of the most importantissues in energy conversion and power distribution systems.Industry processes especially controlled by power electronicselements and devices are sources of reactive power andhigher current harmonics and need to ensure continuity ofsupplying voltage. Power conditioning systems (PCS) withsuperconducting magnetic energy system (SMES) is one ofpossible way to ensure high power quality. Description ofwhole system, possible operation conditions and applicationsare described in the paper. Proper design of PCS is providedby simulation and experimental results presented in the paper(11 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248868

58 Non-communication protection for transmissionlines based on RBF neural networkAuthor(s): Chen Shao-hua, Yu Yao-quan, Zheng Shuai, YeJie-hong (Affiliation: Guangdong Univ. of Technol.,Guangzhou, China)Journal: Electr. Power Sci. Eng. (China), no.2, p.9-48 (2004)Publisher: Editorial Dept. Electric Power Sci. & Eng, ChinaLanguage: Chinese ISSN: 1672-0792Document type: Journal articleAbstract: On the basis of fault analysis, this paper presentsthe theory of using artificial neural network to implement thenoncommunication fast protection in transmission lines. Itconsists of the instantaneous protection at the protectiverange of 85% and the sequence tripping protection beyond theprotective range of 85% . The network, a three-layer RRFmodel, consists of ANN1 determining fault directions, ANN2identifying fault types and fault phase, ANN3 tripping breakerinstantaneously and ANN4 detecting trip situation of anadjacent breaker. Simulation results of all types of faultsverified the model (5 refs.)Inspec No.: 8251301

59 An optimized shunt hybrid power qualityconditioner based on an adaptive neural network forpower quality improvement in power distribution networkAuthor(s): Ming Zhang, Hui Sun, Jiyan Zou, Hang Su(Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Dalian Univ. ofTechnol., China)Editor(s): F.Yin, J.Wang, C.GuoConference: Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2004.International Symposium on Neural Networks. Proceedings,Dalian, China Conference Date: 19-21 Aug. 2004 Publication:

Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2004. InternationalSymposium on Neural Networks. Proceedings (Lecture Notesin Comput. Sci. Vol.3174)) Publisher: Springer-Verlag,Germany, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 3 540 22843 8Page: 587-94 Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: This paper presents an optimized shunt hybridpower quality conditioner (SHPQC) for the compensation ofharmonics and reactive power in power distribution network. Anovel signal processing technique based on the adaptiveneural network algorithm is applied to determine harmonics forgenerating the reference signals for the current controller ofthe SHPQC. The conventional hysteresis current controller forthe three-phase insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)voltage source inverter (VSI) is replaced by a currentregulated space vector pulse width modulated controller.Simulations and experimental results are presented verifyingthe excellent power quality improvement performance of theproposed topology while keeping the apparent power of theSHPQC minimal (14 refs.)Inspec No.: 8253750

60 Harmonic detection using neural networks withconjugate gradient algorithmAuthor(s): N. Yumusak, F. Temurtas (Affiliation: Dept. ofComput. Eng., Sakarya Univ., Adapazari, Turkey), R.GunturkunEditor(s): C.Bussler, D.FenselConference: Artificial Intelligence: Methodology, Systems, andApplications. 11th International Conference, AIMSA 2004.Proceedings, Varna, Bulgaria Conference Date: 2-4 Sept.2004 Publication: Artificial Intelligence: Methodology,Systems, and Applications. 11th International Conference,AIMSA 2004. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in ArtificialIntelligence Vol.3192) Publisher: Springer-Verlag, Germany,2004 Language: English ISBN: 3 540 22959 0 Page: 304-11Document type: Conference paperAbstract: In this study, the Elman's recurrent neural networksusing conjugate gradient algorithm is used for harmonicdetection. The feed forward neural networks are also used forcomparison. The conjugate gradient algorithm is comparedwith back propagation (BP) and resilient BP (RP) for trainingof the neural networks. The distorted wave including 5th, 7th,11th, 13th harmonics were simulated and used for training ofthe neural networks. The distorted wave including up to 25th

harmonics were prepared for testing of the neural networks.The Elman's recurrent and feed forward neural networks wereused to recognize each harmonic. The results of the Elman'srecurrent neural networks are better than those of the feedforward neural networks. The conjugate gradient algorithmprovides faster convergence than BP and RP algorithms in theharmonics detection (16 refs.)Inspec No.: 8253888

2.1 Network and Transmission LineCalculations

61 Exact equations for voltage evaluation based onTellegen's theorem and adjoint networksAuthor(s): C.M.S.C. Jesus, L.A.F.M. Ferreira (Affiliation:DEEC, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal)Journal: WSEAS Trans. Circuits Syst. (Greece), vol.3, no.2,p.356-66 (April 2004) Publisher: WSEAS, Greece Language:English ISSN: 1109-2734

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Document type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper presents new equations for power systemvoltage evaluation based on Tellegen's theorem and adjointnetworks. The adjoint networks model the power systempassive network, the load or PQ buses, the generator or PVbuses, and the reference bus. The adjoint solutions are thenused as coefficients to the new equations. These newequations are exact. The power system can be submitted tochanges in the independent variables, i.e. changes in networkconfiguration, changes in loads, and changes in the valuesspecified for generation. Those changes cause changes involtages. The equations directly relate the changes in theindependent variables with the corresponding changes involtages. An illustrative example, including input data andnumerical results for the adjoint solutions and for verification ofthe new equations and figures to illustrate the numericalsolution, is presented (13 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250067

2.2 Distribution Networks

62 A practical method for assessing the effectivenessof vector surge relays for distributed generationapplicationsAuthor(s): W. Freitas (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Comput.Eng., Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada), ZhenyuHuang, Wilsun XuJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.57-63 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper presents a simple and reliable method forpredicting the islanding detection performance of vector surgerelays. The relay performance is characterized by a tripping-time versus power-imbalance curve. With the curve, one candetermine the time taken by a vector surge relay to detectislanding for any generation-load mismatch level. The maincontribution of this paper is the development of analyticalformulas for directly determining the behavior of vector surgerelays. As a result, efforts needed to asses the relayperformance for a given distributed generation scheme can besimplified significantly. The accuracy of the formulas has beenverified by extensive simulation study results (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250533

63 Impacts over the distribution grid from theadoption of distributed harmonic filters on low-voltagecustomersAuthor(s): M.Ed.L. Tostes, U.H. Bezerra, R.D.S. Silva, J.A.L.Valente, C.C.M. de Moura, T.M.M. Branco (Affiliation: Dept. ofElectr. & Comput. Eng., Fed. Univ. of Para, Brazil)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.384-9 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN:0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper presents a study of distributed passiveharmonic filter design to minimize harmonic distortions causedby nonlinear loads in residential customers. The mainobjectives in this study are: 1) to improve the power factor, 2)to reduce current and voltage distortions to standard limits,and 3) to reduce electrical losses. In this sense, severalmeasurements that were carried out in some domesticcustomers of the metropolitan distribution grid of Belem City,in the North of Brazil, have characterized as the main

harmonic distribution current sources the third, fifth, andseventh harmonic components. According to the resultsobtained and considering the impacts caused in thedistribution grid, a distributed filtering strategy is proposedusing passive-tuned filters of low costs to be installed in thecustomers (7 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250544

64 Voltage control with inverter-based distributedgenerationAuthor(s): M.H.J. Bollen (Affiliation: STRI AB, Ludvika,Sweden), A. SanninoJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.519-20 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: This letter proposes a method to use the voltage-source inverters with distributed generation to control thevoltage in a distribution network. A droop line is used toprevent hunting between controllers. Analytical expressionsare derived for the voltage along a feeder with uniformlydistributed load/generation. The proposed algorithm willalleviate the voltage-control problem reported when installingdistributed generation (3 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250561

65 Protective device coordination enhancement formotor starting programsAuthor(s): D.C. Yu, Haijun Liu, Hongbo Sun, Shuai Lu(Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA), C. McCarthyJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.535-7 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN:0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper presents an enhancement to motorstarting simulation programs which allows them to analyze themotor starting effects on system protective devices. Accordingto a given relay's operating principle, a method is presented todetermine if it will trip by comparing the accumulated energyduring the motor starting to the energy needed to trip the relaybased on its time current characteristics curve. Under specialcircumstances, motor starting can cause nuisance tripping ofprotective devices. Hence, the protective device coordinationenhancement presented here can be a useful addition tomotor-starting simulation programs (4 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250567

66 Correlation among ESDD, NSDD and leakagecurrent in distribution insulatorsAuthor(s): G. Montoya, I. Ramirez (Affiliation: Inst. deInvestigaciones Electricas, Morelos, Mexico), J.I. MontoyaJournal: IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib. (UK), vol.151,no.3, p.334-40 (15 May 2004) Publisher: IEE, UK Language:English ISSN: 1350-2360, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: The maintenance of distribution networks is moreeffective if the insulation contamination levels are known. Theselection of measuring methods of pollution levels is thencrucial. The relationship between several evaluation methodsof pollution levels and the operating behaviour of severalinsulator profiles in a polluted zone is described. Laboratorytests were carried out to reproduce pollution levels found in

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the field. The quantity of non-soluble materials deposited overthe insulators' surface affect the magnitude of the leakagecurrent generated over a contaminated insulator. Therelationship that defines leakage current with respect to theequivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) level for a specific non-soluble material level is almost linear, from which it is possibleto develop a relationship between them for each insulator (11refs.)Inspec No.: 8247524

67 Restoration strategy for power distributionnetworks using optimal supervisory controlAuthor(s): M.-S. Lee, J.-T. Lim (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr.Eng., Korea Adv. Inst. of Sci. & Technol., South Korea)Journal: IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib. (UK), vol.151,no.3, p.367-72 (15 May 2004) Publisher: IEE, UK Language:English ISSN: 1350-2360, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: To find restoration strategies for power distributionnetworks (PDNs), the methodology of optimal supervisorycontrol is applied. Allowing for the contingencies of the PDN,the authors introduce a discrete event system (DES) andassign the penalties of the states and the costs of the eventsof the DES. To assign the penalties and the costs, the authorsassess the static security of the PDN through load flowcalculations and find the loads to be supplied under thecontingencies. After introducing the DES and assigning thepenalties and the costs, the authors obtain the restorationstrategies for the considered contingencies of the PDN usingthe optimal supervisor design algorithm (10 refs.)Inspec No.: 8247525

68 NFPA 99 and the NEC: the basis fora healthyelectrical systemAuthor(s): S. OwenJournal: Electr. Constr. Maint. (USA), vol.103, no.9, p.76-9(Sept. 2004) Publisher: Intertec Publishing, USA Language:English ISSN: 0013-4260Document type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper presents the emergency system inhospitals that shall be installed and connected to the alternatepower source so that all functions specified for the emergencysystem shall be automatically restored to operation within 10seconds of interruption of the normal source. When installingisolated power system in critical care areas that useanesthetizing gases, we must power task illumination fixtures,selected receptacles, and fixed equipment via an individualcircuit that serves no other load. Life safety branch and criticalbranch circuits independent of all other wiring and equipmentInspec No.: 8248393

69 Control of power electronic interfaces indistributed generation microgridsAuthor(s): A. Arulampalam (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. &Electron. Eng., Peradeniya Univ., Sri Lanka), M. Barnes, A.Engler, A. Goodwin, N. JenkinsJournal: Int. J. Electron. (UK), vol.91, no.9, p.503-23 (Sept.2004) Publisher: Taylor & Francis, UK Language: EnglishISSN: 0020-7217, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: Technological advances and environmentalpressures are driving the interconnection of renewable energysources to the distribution network. The interconnection of

large amounts of non-traditional generation however causesproblems in a network designed for 'conventional' operation.The use of power electronics interfaces and the 'bundling' ofmicro-generation and loads into so-called microgrids, offers apotential solution. Each microgrid is designed to operate as a'good citizen' or near ideal conventional load. This paperdiscusses the various elements of the microgrid concept andpresents suggestions for some typical control strategies forthe various system elements (9 refs.)Inspec No.: 8249890

70 Neural networks determining injury by salt waterfor distribution linesAuthor(s): Lixin Ma (Affiliation: Shanghai Univ. of Electr.Power, China), Hiromi Miyajima, Noritaka Shigei, ShumaKawabataEditor(s): F.Yin, J.Wang, C.GuoConference: Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2004.International Symposium on Neural Networks. Proceedings,Dalian, China Conference Date: 19-21 Aug. 2004 Publication:Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2004. InternationalSymposium on Neural Networks. Proceedings (Lecture Notesin Comput. Sci. Vol.3174)) Publisher: Springer-Verlag,Germany, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 3 540 22843 8Page: 436-41 Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: Japan has so many solitary islands and wide coastalareas. In the air of these areas, there are so many grains ofsea-salt. The salt grains adhere to distribution lines anddamage the lines. In particular, the damage of covered electricwires is a serious problem. However, any method has notbeen proposed that judges if distribution lines are injured bysalt water. This paper proposes a neural network method todetermine injury of distribution lines by salt (3 refs.)Inspec No.: 8253739

3.0 Power Transmission Lines and Cables

71 An integro-differential equation technique for thecomputation of radiated EMI due to corona on HVpower transmission linesAuthor(s): S.K. Nayak, M.J. Thomas (Affiliation: Dept. of HighVoltage Eng., Indian Inst. of Sci., Bangalore, India)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.488-93 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper presents a novel technique for thecomputation of radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI)levels due to corona on high-voltage (HV) transmission lines.The EMI levels computed using the present technique forvarious HV transmission lines from around the world matcheswell with the experimentally measured values, thus validatingthe present technique. Using the technique developed, theinfluence of transmission line length, distance of observationpoint from the line, conductor diameter as well as thetransmission line configuration on the radiated EM field hasbeen studied. It is seen that for observation points which areclose to the transmission line corridor, the total radiatedelectric field remains almost constant for line lengths above1500 m. For observation points which are far away, a longerlength of the line needs to be considered for computation ofthe total electric field. In the study, it is seen that the

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transmission line conductor height and line configuration havemarginal influence on the radiated electric field (10 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250557

72 Generalized Kuroda's identity and its applicationsAuthor(s): Liang Gui-shu, Wang Tao, Dong Hua-ying, CuiXiang (Affiliation: Sch. of Electr. Eng., North China Electr.Power Univ., Baoding, China)Journal: J. North China Electr. Power Univ. (China), vol.31,no.5, p.12-16 (Sept. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Board of theJournal of North China Electric Power University, ChinaLanguage: Chinese ISSN: 1007-2691Document type: Journal articleAbstract: Kuroda's identities are generalized to multiconductortransmission line cases, called generalized Kuroda's identity.Based on them, the equivalent circuits for losslessmulticonductor transmission lines, whose characteristicimpedance distributions obey the binomial form, are derived. Itcan be represented with circuits consisting of two-terminalreactance elements, lossless uniform transmission lines andtwo-port ideal transformers. By using these equivalent circuits,the analysis of the nonuniform transmission line circuits canbe easily performed and network function matrix of somenonuniform transmission lines can be derived exactly (9 refs.)Inspec No.: 8247391

73 Transmission line performance with voltagesensitive loadsAuthor(s): K. Ramalingam (Affiliation: Airports Authority ofIndia, Safdarjung Airport, New Delhi, India), C.S. IndulkarJournal: Int. J. Electr. Eng. Educ. (UK), vol.41, no.1, p.64-70(Jan. 2004) Publisher: Manchester University Press, UKLanguage: English ISSN: 0020-7209Document type: Journal articleAbstract: In this paper, transmission line performance withvoltage sensitive loads is studied. Three types of load, namelyconstant power, constant current and constant impedanceloads are considered, individually as well as in a mixedcombination, and it is shown that the transmission line loss ishighest with the constant power load and lowest with constantimpedance load. The line loss for mixed load is higher thanthat for constant power load when the constant powercomponent is more pronounced in the mixed load (4 refs.)Inspec No.: 8249872

74 Measurement of inter-strand contact resistance inepoxy impregnated Nb3Sn Rutherford cablesAuthor(s): G. Ambrosio, E. Barzi, D. Chichili, L. Elementi, A.V.Zlobin (Affiliation: Fermi Nat. Accel. Lab., USA )Conference: Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. InternationalCryogenic Materials Conference - ICMC, Anchorage, AK, USAConference Date: 22-26 Sept. 2003 Sponsor(s): Argonne Nat.Lab.; Cryofab Inc.; Cryomagnetics Inc.; Cryomech Inc.; FermiNat. Accelerator Lab.; Oak Ridge Nat. Lab.; Sci. InstrumentsInc.; U.S. Dept. of Energy Journal: AIP Conf. Proc. (USA),no.711, pt.2, p.828-35 (2004) Publisher: AIP, USA Language:English ISSN: 0094-243XDocument type: Conference paper in journalAbstract: An apparatus for the measurement, undertransverse pressure, of the inter-strand contact resistance inepoxy-impregnated Nb3Sn Rutherford cables has beenrecently assembled at Fermilab. Procedures have beendeveloped to instrument and measure samples extracted from

Nb3Sn coils. Samples were extracted from coils fabricatedwith the wind-and-react and the react-and-wind technology,both presently under development at Fermilab. A ceramicbinder is used to improve the insulation and to simplify thefabrication of coils using the wind-and-react technology.Synthetic oil is used to prevent sintering during the heattreatment of coils to be wound after reaction. In order toevaluate the effects of the ceramic binder and of the syntheticoil on the inter-strand resistance, measurements of samplesextracted from coils were compared with measurements ofcable stacks with varying characteristics. In this paper wedescribe the apparatus, the sample preparation, themeasurement procedure, and the results of the first series oftests (14 refs.)Inspec No.: 8247292

3.1 Power Cables

75 Long-term testing and applications of high-stressMV EPR cablesAuthor(s): P.L. Cinquemani, F.L. Kuchta (Affiliation: PirelliPower Cables & Syst., Lexington, SC, USA), H.L. Hayes, G.E.Chavarria, C.E. LindlerJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.4-10(Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN:0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: High-stress design 35-kV ethylene propylene rubber(EPR)-insulated cables with 1.14-mm (45-mil) wall reductionhave been in service for more than ten years. In the mid1990s, an extensive cable testing program was initiated todemonstrate that high-stress designs up to 4 kV/mm (101.6 V/mil) exhibit a significant electrical and mechanical safetymargin to operate on typical utility network systems.Investigations were also undertaken to demonstrate thesuitability of accessories for high-stress designs. This paperwill present the results of six-year, long-term wet electricaltesting conducted to demonstrate that with proper design, theaging performance of standard wall and high-stress designcables provide satisfactory results and suitable performancefor the intended application. Additionally, utility fieldexperience is presented on 35- and 15-kV cables operating athigh stress. The experience for these 15-kV medium-voltageEPR cable designs employ the highest recommended stressfor cables of this class, as well as taking into account thecomplete system performance (22 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250526

3.2 Overhead Lines

76 Nonlinear finite-element analysis of strandedconductors with variable bending stiffness using thetangent stiffness methodAuthor(s): J.-B. Dastous (Affiliation: Inst. de Recherched'Hydro-Quebec, Varennes, Que., Canada)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.328-38 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: Stranded conductors are widely used structuralcomponents. Owing to their construction in layers, theirbending stiffness may vary according to their tension,curvature and deformation history. Recently, a sound andpractical model of variable bending stiffness using the secant

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stiffness method became available. Based on the samephysical assumptions, this paper presents the development ofa variable bending stiffness model using the tangent stiffnessmethod and its implementation in a classical finite-elementformulation adapted for nonlinear analysis under arbitraryloading. This extends its use to a general finite-elementprogram. Comparisons with static and dynamic tests on short-span substation conductors show that the model computes arepresentative bending stiffness for such cases and yieldsadequate predictions of tractions generated at their ends, inboth static and dynamic regimes (13 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250538

77 Dynamic thermal rating of overhead transmissionlinesAuthor(s): Siwym E, K. ZmudaJournal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.186, p.25-45 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: Making the most of load capacity of the existingtransmission lines is of great importance. Real value of theload capacity depends significantly on actual weatherconditions. Therefore it is a dynamic value and can change ina wide range. Principles of the static and dynamic line ratingare described in the paper. Outcomes of two-year-monitoringon an existing 220-kV transmission line are also presented.Results of analysis taking into account the risk of permissibletemperature exceeding are described. Principles of line ratingas a function of ambient temperature are also given (8 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248907

3.3 Supports, Insulators and Connectors

78 Frequency characteristics of leakage currentwaveforms of a string of suspension insulatorsAuthor(s): T. Suda (Affiliation: Electr. Power Eng. Res. Lab.,Central Res. Inst. of Electr. Power Ind., Kanagawa, Japan)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.481-7 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN:0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: In order to establish a method for monitoring whetherflashover occurs or not in a string of insulators based onleakage current waveforms and their frequencycharacteristics, the leakage current waveforms and thefrequency characteristics of a string of 120-kN suspensioninsulators were investigated with artificial contamination testsand field tests. As a result, it was found that leakage currentwaveforms become nearly the symmetrical wave when stronglocal arcs occur; hence, the intensity of the odd order ofharmonic components, e.g., 50, 150, and 250 Hz, is high.Furthermore, it was clarified that the transition of the leakagecurrent waveforms until flashover occurs is classified into sixstages and that a threshold exists in the magnitude of peakleakage current and prominent odd-order harmoniccomponents by which the occurrence of flashover can bepredicted (13 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250556

79 Statistical dimensioning of insulators with respectto polluted conditions

Author(s): C.S. Engelbrecht, R. Hartings, J. Lundquist(Affiliation: STRI AB, Ludvika, Sweden)Journal: IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib. (UK), vol.151,no.3, p.321-6 (15 May 2004) Publisher: IEE, UK Language:English ISSN: 1350-2360, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: Statistical methods for the dimensioning andspecification of insulators with respect to pollution haveformed the subject of many studies. However, such methodsare not in widespread use due to its perceived complexity. Asimple method is introduced for the dimensioning andverification of insulators with respect to polluted conditions,together with the detailed statistical method on which it wasbased. The statistical requirements for site assessment andthe mathematical equations for the evaluation of flashover riskare presented. This basis is then used to obtain a simplifiedprocedure to determine the minimum insulator flashovercharacteristic that will provide an adequate flashoverperformance. The selection of an appropriate test severitylevel for laboratory verification tests is discussed andequations are provided to calculate the test severity level fromsite severity measurements (15 refs.)Inspec No.: 8247528

80 Experience in the prevention of frost heave of pilefoundations of transmission towers under northernconditionsAuthor(s): A.L. Lyazgin, V.S. Lyashenko, S.V. Ostroborodov,V.G. Ol'shanskii, R.M. Bavasan, K.P. Shevtsov, G.P. Pustovoit(Affiliation: Energoset'proekt Inst., Lomonosov Moscow StateUniv., Russia)Journal: Power Technol. Eng. (USA), vol.38, no.2, p.124-6(March-April 2004) Publisher: Kluwer Academic/ConsultantsBureau, USA Language: English ISSN: 1570-145X, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: Experience in the protection of pole foundations oftransmission line objects from frost heave on the north of theTyumen region with the help of local cryosystems isdescribed. A method for controlling the main factordetermining the stability and reliability of operation of polefoundations of structures under unfavorable natural andclimatic conditions is considered. Steady optimumtemperature conditions of foundation soils are maintained forthe entire period of existence of the object. A system for on-line control of the temperature conditions of soils of pilefoundations of transmission towers and substation equipmentand for their protection from frost heave with the help ofseasonally functioning cooling devices (SCD) and thermalstabilizers (TS) is developed. Recommendations are given oneffective use of the developed method. Data oncommissioning of local cryosystems at objects served by"Northern Electric Networks" of the Tyumen'energo Companyare presented. The works were performed in cooperation withthe department of cryology of Moscow State University andVNIIgaz (2 refs.)Inspec No.: 8251507

4.0 Power System Protection

81 A new hybrid current sensor for high-voltageapplications

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Author(s): J.D. Bull, N.A.F. Jaeger (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr.& Comput. Eng., Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC,Canada), F. RahmatianJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.32-8(Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN:0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: This article presents a new hybrid electro-optic/inductive current sensor for metering and protective relayingapplications. The sensor combines a Rogowski coil with apassive integrator located in the high-voltage environment. Anintegrated-optic Pockels cell (IOPC) having integratedelectrodes provides optical isolation. Test results from 30 A to30 kA show the sensor to be highly linear, exceeding 0.2%linearity standards. Temperature cycling tests show the ratioerror to have a maximum value of 0.3% over the -30 to +70°Crange (22 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250530

82 An enhanced zone 3 algorithm of a distance relayusing transient components and state diagramAuthor(s): Chul-Hwan Kim, Jeong-Yong Heo (Affiliation: Sch.of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Sung Kyun Kwan Univ., Suwon,South Korea), R.K. AggarwalJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.39-46 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: Zone 3 of a distance relay is used to provide theremote backup protection in case of the failure of the primaryprotection. However, the risk of maloperation under stressedconditions such as heavy loading, voltage, and transientinstability is quite high. Zone 3 is used in combination with thederivatives of the voltage and current, etc. to preventmaloperation. At times, the impedance characteristics thatrestrict the tripping area of relay are used to avoidmaloperation due to load encroachment. This paper presentsa novel zone 3 scheme based on combining the steady-statecomponents (i.e., 60 Hz) and the transient components (TCs)using a state diagram that visualizes the sequence of studiesthat emanate from the sequence of events. The simulationresults show that the novel zone 3 distance relay elementsusing the proposed method operate correctly for the variousevents (19 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250531

83 Analysis of transferred Earth potentials ingrounding systems: a BEM numerical approachAuthor(s): I. Colominas, F. Navarrina, M. Casteleiro (Affiliation:Dept. of Appl. Math., Univ. of A Coruna, Spain)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.339-45 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: In this work, a numerical formulation is presented forthe analysis of a common problem in electrical engineeringpractice, that is, the existence of transferred earth potentials ina grounding installation for metallic structures or conductorsconnected or not connected to the grounding grid . Thetransfer of potentials between the grounding area to outerpoints by buried conductors, such as communication or signalcircuits, neutral wires, pipes, rails, or metallic fences, mayproduce serious safety problems. In recent years, the authorshave developed a numerical technique based on the boundary

element method for grounding analysis in uniform and layeredsoil models . First, the main highlights of this boundaryelement numerical approach are summarized, and next, a newmethodology for the transferred potential analysis ispresented. Finally, some examples by using the geometry ofreal grounding systems in different cases of transferredpotentials are presented (16 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250539

84 Parameters of lightning strokes: a reviewAuthor(s): P. Chowdhuri, J.G. Anderson, W.A. Chisholm, T.E.Field, M. Ishii, J.A. Martinez, M.B. Marz, J. McDaniel, T.R.McDermott, A.M. Mousa, T. Narita, D.K. Nichols, T.A. ShortJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.346-58 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: The paper presents the statistical data of thesignificant parameters of lightning flash, collected by manyresearchers over many years around the world. The significantparameters of a lightning flash are: peak current, waveshapeand velocity of the return stroke, the total flash charge and∫I2dt. Negative first strokes have traditionally been consideredto produce the worst stress on the system insulation. Thesubsequent negative strokes have significantly lower peakcurrent but shorter wavefronts. This may stress the systeminsulation more. The positive strokes have about the samemedian current value as the negative first strokes and longerfronts, thus producing less stress. However, their duration islonger than that of the negative strokes. Therefore, the systeminsulation may be damaged because of the lower volt-timecharacteristic for long-duration waves. The positive strokesmay also cause more thermal damage because of theirsignificantly higher charge and ∫I2dt. The relationship betweenthe return-stroke velocity and the current peak is a significantparameter in estimating lightning-induced voltages and also inestimating the peak current from the radiated electromagneticfields of the lightning channel. For better accuracy, the currentand the velocity should be measured simultaneously. Bettermethods to measure the stroke current need to be developed.Correlation coefficient between various lightning parameters isanother important parameter which will affect the analysissignificantly. Lightning characteristics should be classifiedaccording to geographical regions and seasons instead ofassuming these characteristics to be globally uniform (37refs.)Inspec No.: 8250540

85 High-impedance fault detection using discretewavelet transform and frequency range and RMSconversionAuthor(s): T.M. Lai, L.A. Snider, E. Lo, D. Sutanto (Affiliation:Hong Kong Polytech. Univ., China )Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.397-407 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: High-impedance faults (HIFs) are faults which aredifficult to detect by overcurrent protection relays. Variouspattern recognition techniques have been suggested,including the use of wavelet transform . However this methodcannot indicate the physical properties of output coefficientsusing the wavelet transform. In this paper we propose to usethe Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) as well as frequency

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range and rms conversion to apply a pattern recognitionbased detection algorithm for electric distribution highimpedance fault detection. The aim is to recognize theconverted rms voltage and current values caused by arcsusually associated with HIF. The analysis using discretewavelet transform (DWT) with the conversion yieldsmeasurement voltages and currents which are fed to aclassifier for pattern recognition. The classifier is based on thealgorithm using nearest neighbor rule approach. It is proposedthat this method can function as a decision support softwarepackage for HIF identification which could be installed in analarm system (23 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250546

86 On the use of Prony method to locate faults inloop systems by utilizing modal parameters of faultcurrentAuthor(s): M.M. Tawfik (Affiliation: Univ. of Zagazig, Egypt), M.M. MorcosJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.532-4 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN:0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: A method utilizing prony algorithm and artificialneural networks (ANNs) is presented to locate faults on loopsystems. Fault simulation is implemented using the ATP-EMTP. The loop system is represented by a line withgenerator units on both ends. The proposed method accountsfor the anticipated changes in the traveling-wavecharacteristics. Proposed modifications are limited to the typeof ANN inputs. The modified scheme provided good accuracyin locating the faults (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250566

87 Closure on "Adaptive noncommunicationprotection of double circuit line systems"Author(s): Z.Q. Bo, X.Z. Dong, B.R.J. Caunce, R. MillarJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.530(Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN:0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: For original article by Z.Q. Bo, X.Z. Dong, and B.R.J.Caunce see ibid., vol.18, no.1, p.43-9, January 2003 and fordiscussion by M.M. Eissa and O.P. Malik see ibid., vol.20,no.1, p.538, January 2005Inspec No.: 8250568

88 Closure on "Adaptive noncommunicationprotection for power lines BO scheme 2 - the instantoperation approach"Author(s): Z.Q. BoJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.538(Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN:0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: For original article by Z.Q. Bo see ibid., vol.17, no.1,p.92-6, January 2002 and for discussion by M.M. Eissa seeibid., vol.20, no.1, p.538, January 2005 (1 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250569

89 Discussion of "Adaptive noncommunicationprotection of double circuit line systems"

Author(s): M.M. Eissa (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., HelwanUniv., Egypt), O.P. MalikJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.538(Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN:0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: For original article by Z.Q. Bo, X.Z. Dong, and B.R.J.Caunce see ibid., vol.18, no.1, p.43-9, January 2003 (3 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250570

90 Discussion of "Adaptive noncommunicationprotection for power lines BO scheme 2 - the instantoperation approach"Author(s): M.M. Eissa (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., HewlanUniv., Helwan, Egypt)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.538(Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN:0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: For original article by Z.Q. Bo see ibid., vol.17, no.1,p.92-6, January 2002 (1 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250571

91 Method to judge capacitance current change inresonant ground systemAuthor(s): Xu Yu-qin, Shao Jian, Ding Bo (Affiliation: Sch. ofElectr. Eng., North China Electr. Power Univ., Baoding, China)Journal: J. North China Electr. Power Univ. (China), vol.31,no.5, p.9-58 (Sept. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Board of theJournal of North China Electric Power University, ChinaLanguage: Chinese ISSN: 1007-2691Document type: Journal articleAbstract: In resonant ground systems, both asymmetric faultof high-voltage side and asymmetry of load cause theasymmetry of system electrical source voltage. Then theychange neutral displacement voltage. The automatic trackingcompensating device of Peterson coil cannot truly judgewhether the capacitance current in power system changes.This paper analyzes the reasons that asymmetric fault of high-voltage side and the asymmetry of load affect the neutraldisplacement voltage. The equation of phase-to-groundvoltages, total phase-to-ground capacitance and neutralcurrent is obtained with symmetrical-component method.Based on this, a method to judge the real change of thecapacitance current and its realizable process are proposed (6refs.)Inspec No.: 8247390

92 Fault location approach on transmission linebased on impulse injectionAuthor(s): Wu Li-lin, Lu Fang-cheng, Li Yan-qing (Affiliation:Sch. of Electr. Eng., North China Electr. Power Univ.,Baoding, China)Journal: J. North China Electr. Power Univ. (China), vol.31,no.5, p.30-2 (Sept. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Board of theJournal of North China Electric Power University, ChinaLanguage: Chinese ISSN: 1007-2691Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The reason for the poor accuracy of existing faultlocation methods of transmission line are discussed, and anew fault locating method based on the impulse injection isproposed. The impulse injected in the beginning or terminal of

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the faulty line can be recorded, and the fault point is located.When permanent phase-to-ground faults occur, this methodcan be used to identify the fault phases and justify faultlocation. Simulation by EMTP has proved that the method notonly improves accuracy; but also is not affected by systemimpedance and fault resistance (7 refs.)Inspec No.: 8247394

93 Novel system for measurements of earthingresistance and measurements of permissible touchvoltage, decoupled from power network disturbancesAuthor(s): J. WilinskiJournal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.192, p.121-30 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: Presents a novel idea of a system designed forglobal earthing resistance measurement as well as formeasuring estimation of permissible touch voltage. Theproposed system is decoupled from disturbances that comefrom the power network. The proposed system is based ontwo frequencies that are mirrored in respect with the frequencyof power network. It is proved that the proposed system differscompletely from those that are in common usage and theirproperties are much better (10 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248877

94 Analysis of grounding systems in multi-layer soilwith finite volumes of different resistivitiesAuthor(s): Zhao Zhi-bin, Cui Xiang, Zhang Bo, Li Lin(Affiliation: Sch. of Electr. Eng., North China Electr. PowerUniv., Baoding, China)Journal: Proc. CSEE (China), vol.24, no.9, p.218-23 (Sept.2004) Publisher: Chinese Soc. Electr. Eng, China Language:Chinese ISSN: 0258-8013Document type: Journal articleAbstract: Based on the method of moment and the boundaryelement method, a new method to analyze grounding systemburied in multi-layer soil with finite volumes of differentresistivities is presented. The method uses leakage currents ofall conductor segments and the surface charge densities onthe surface of finite volume as unknown variables. Thenumber of unknown variables used in this method is muchless than those in other methods, and the grounding systemburied in multi-layer soil with arbitrary numbers of layers canbe analyzed. Test is also done on a real small grid to validatethe method presented. As an application of this method, agrounding system of a large-scale hydropower station buriedin two-layer soil is analyzed (12 refs.)Inspec No.: 8251540

5.0 Power System Measurement andMetering

95 On the definition of total harmonic distortion andits effect on measurement interpretationAuthor(s): D. Shmilovitz (Affiliation: Fac. of Eng., Tel AvivUniv., Israel)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.526-8 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN:0885-8977, Full text

Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The existence of two different definitions for totalharmonic distortion (one in comparison to the fundamentaland one in comparison to the signal's root mean square) mightcause ambiguity and misinterpretation of measured data. Thedifference between those definitions is stressed out in thisletter. It is suggested that total harmonic distortionmeasurements in the context of power systems should alwaysadopt the first definition and never the second (7 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250564

96 The industry power grid monitoring systemAuthor(s): M. Hyla (Affiliation: Instytut ElektrotechnikiTeoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland)Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.192, p.57-64 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: Thanks to digital techniques and telecommunicationsprogress the construction of the remote control andsupervision system for industry devices are generallyavailable. The paper presents an industry solution of thepower grid and power switching station monitoring systembuilt according to minimisation of the investment and operatingcosts. The monitoring system is based on the speciallydesigned devices and the author's communication proceduressolutions. The function and technical data of the system'scomponents are presented in the paper and thecommunication method between installed units is discussed.The computer program of the monitoring system is alsopresented (9 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248870

97 A combining condition prediction model and itsapplication in power plantAuthor(s): Yu-Liang Dong, Yu-Jiong Gu, Kun Yang, Wen-KunZhang (Affiliation: Dept. of Power Eng., North China Electr.Power Univ., Beijing, China)Conference: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference onMachine Learning and Cybernetics, Shanghai, ChinaConference Date: 26-29 Aug. 2004 Publication: Proceedingsof 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning andCybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04EX826) Publisher: IEEE, USA,2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8403 2 Page: 3474-8vol.6Document type: Conference paperAbstract: Aiming at the problem that the equipment in powerplant is complex and difficult to predict their conditionsaccurately, a model of combining condition prediction forequipment in power plant based on grey GM (1,1) model andBP neural network is proposed on the basis of characteristiccondition parameters extraction. By fully using the operatingparameters, condition monitoring parameters and operationstatistic parameters, the conditions of equipment arepredicted. Applying the model to the fluid coupling subsystemof a feed-water system, the result shows that this model hashigh efficiency and precision. The predicted results can beused to provide powerful support in realizing condition-basedmaintenance (7 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254311

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6.0 Electric Machines and PowerApparatus

6.1 AC Machines

98 Indirect torque control of switched reluctancemotors using iterative learning controlAuthor(s): S.K. Sahoo, S.K. Panda, Jian-Xin Xu (Affiliation:Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Nat. Univ. of Singapore,Singapore)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1,p.200-8 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8993, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper proposes the use of iterative learningcontrol (ILC) in designing a torque controller for switchedreluctance motors (SRMs). The demanded motor torque isfirst distributed among the phases using a torque-sharingfunction. Following that, the phase torque references areconverted to phase current references by a torque-to-currentconverter and the inner current control loop tracks the phasecurrent references. SRM torque is a highly nonlinear andcoupled function of rotor position and phase current. Hence,the phase current references for a given demanded torquecan not be obtained analytically. Assumption of linearmagnetization characteristics results in an invertible torquefunction. However, the nominal phase current referencesobtained using this torque function will lead to some torqueerror as motor enters into magnetic saturation. For a constantdemanded torque, the error in the phase current referenceswill be periodic with rotor position. Hence, we propose to useILC to add a compensation current to the nominal phasecurrent references so that torque error is eliminated. Similarly,current tracking for the nonlinear and time-varying system isachieved by combining a simple P-type feedback controllerwith an ILC controller. The proposed scheme uses ILC toaugment conventional feedback techniques and hence, hasbetter dynamic performance than a scheme using only ILC.Experimental results of the proposed scheme for an 8/6 pole,1-hp SRM show very good average as well as instantaneoustorque control (15 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250599

99 Automatic identification of axis orbit shape ofgenerator rotorAuthor(s): Wan Shu-ting (Affiliation: Sch. of Mech. Eng., NorthChina Electr. Power Univ., Baoding, China), Peng Xue-zhiJournal: J. North China Electr. Power Univ. (China), vol.31,no.5, p.26-9 (Sept. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Board of theJournal of North China Electric Power University, ChinaLanguage: Chinese ISSN: 1007-2691Document type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper presents a new method for automaticallyidentifying the axis orbit shape. It acquires the axis orbit, fillsall regions of axis orbit and forms the axis orbit image. Themoment invariants of the axis orbit image are calculated. Thenit selects the moment invariants of simulated axis orbit forreference patterns. The practically acquired axis orbit shapewill be automatically identified based on the interconnectdegree. By the method, it successfully identifies the MJF-30-6,generator axis orbit shape under the four conditions of no load

operation, normal operation, rotor inter turn short circuit faultand phase A grounded fault (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8247393

100 Induction motor fault detection using vibrationand stator current methodsAuthor(s): W. Li, C.K. Mechefske (Affiliation: Dept. of Mech. &Mater. Eng., Queen's Univ., Kingston, Ont., Canada)Journal: Insight, Non-Destr. Test. Cond. Monit. (UK), vol.46,no.8, p.473-8 (Aug. 2004) Publisher: British Inst. Non-Destructive Testing, UK Language: English ISSN: 1354-2575,Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: Induction motors are widely used in industry asprime electromechanical energy conversion devices.Consequently, the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis ofinduction motors have received significant attention recentlyand become an integrated part of various maintenancestrategies (for example preventive, condition-based andreliability-based maintenance). Thin paper presents acomparison of results of induction motor broken rotor bar faultdetection using vibration and stator current methods. A brokenrotor bar fault was induced into in a variable speed three-phase induction motor. Both the vibration and stator currentsignatures were acquired under different speed and loadconditions. The fault detection sensitivities of vibration andstator current methods are evaluated. This paper alsoaddresses the relationship between current and vibrationsignatures under normal and faulty motor conditions usingcorrelation and frequency response methods. This relationshipis desirable in order to determine the fault signaturetransmission mechanism and to exclude the irrelevantvibration sources so as to enhance fault detection accuracy.The relationship, studied during steady-state operation andstart-up, enabled the identification of the vibrations from othersources (16 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248149

101 Levitation system independent control ofbearingless induction motors based on inverterswitching statesAuthor(s): Zhang Hong-quan, Wang Xiao-lin, Deng Zhi-quan,Yan Yang-guang (Affiliation: Aero-Power Sci-Tech Center,Nanjing Univ. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut., China)Journal: J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut. (China), vol.36,no.5, p.606-9 (Oct. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Dept. J. NanjingUniv. Aeronaut. & Astronaut, China Language: Chinese ISSN:1005-2615Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The independent control of suspension system is aneffective way of high speed operation for bearingless inductionmotors. Because the information of the air gap field isnecessary to levitation operation of the bearingless motor,identifying the magnitude and phase of air gap flux of motortorque winding is the key to independent control. This paperpresents a way for identifying the magnitude and phase of airgap flux based on the inverter switching states and theindependent control of levitation subsystem is achieved. Theprinciples of the radial suspended force control and the way toidentify the air gap flux based on the inverter switching statesare introduced. Experiment shows that the method has a goodlevitation performance. The system keeps the control project

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of the motor flexible realizing the levitation operation of thebearingless motor (8 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248189

102 Analysis of angle-advance control double-salientelectro-magnetic motorAuthor(s): Memg Xiao-li, Pang Xiang-tao, Wang Hui-zhen,Yan Yang-guang (Affiliation: Aero-power Sci-tech Center,Nanjing Univ. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut., China)Journal: J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut. (China), vol.36,no.5, p.623-7 (Oct. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Dept. J. NanjingUniv. Aeronaut. & Astronaut, China Language: Chinese ISSN:1005-2615Document type: Journal articleAbstract: When a double-salient motor works at high speedusing standard angle control, the rise rate of commutationcurrent is quite small. This limits the output torque and powerof the motor. When a double-salient motor works at highspeed, an angle-advance control has big effect on outputtorque and power of the motor. In this paper, the effects onperformance of motor of angle-advance control of electro-magnetic double-salient motor are analyzed, and the relationsbetween advanced angle and the output torque and power ofmotor are obtained. Experimental result shows that the angle-advance control can greatly improve output torque and powerof the motor (9 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248193

103 Discrete mathematical models of a synchronousmachine with a switched excitation system. Part IAuthor(s): A.I. Fedotov, R.P. Karimov, Ye.A. FedotovJournal: Elektrichestvo (Russia), no.9, p.34-40 (2004)Publisher: Editor, Elektrichestvo, Russia Language: RussianISSN: 0013-5380Document type: Journal articleAbstract: A technique for deriving a mathematical model of asynchronous machine with a self-excitation system ispresented. The discrete mathematical models obtained usingthe local integral transform and the local Fourier transformmake it possible to calculate electric machines and theirexcitation systems and to carry out optimization studies ofexcitation systems. Examples of calculations are presentedthat demonstrate the correctness of the models that areobtained (10 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248386

104 A review of polarization index and IEEE Std. 43-2000Author(s): H.W. Penrose (Affiliation: BJM Corp., OldSaybrook, CT, USA )Journal: Electr. Constr. Maint. (USA), vol.103, no.9, p.24, 26-7(Sept. 2004) Publisher: Intertec Publishing, USA Language:English ISSN: 0013-4260Document type: Journal articleAbstract: This article discusses each of the changes to IEEEStd. 43-2000, beyond the standard reaffirmations from 1974 to2000. Also this standard addresses some new issuesregarding modern insulation system for rotating machinery. Inparticular, it identifies the complexities of performingpolarization index (PI) tests, insulation to ground tests,insulation resistance (IR) tests and DC versus AC testing ofinsulation systems and notes their limitations. Additionalconcerns with PI testing are outlined within IEEE std. 43-2000,

including temperature limitations, dew-point limitations,trending tests, surface conditions, types of windings to betested, and more. IR test data is useful in evaluating thepresence of some insulation problems such as contamination,absorbed moisture or severe cracking. A standard IR testcould be used to accomplish the DC test that would identifycontinuity to groundInspec No.: 8248391

105 Analysis of the switched reluctance motor (SRM)parametersAuthor(s): P. Rafajdus (Affiliation: Fac. of Electr. Eng., ZilinaUniv., Slovakia), I. Zrak, V. HrabovcovaJournal: J. Electr. Eng. (Slovakia), vol.55, no.7-8, p.195-200(2004) Publisher: Slovak Tech. Univ.; Slovak Acad. Sci,Slovakia Language: English ISSN: 1335-3632Document type: Journal articleAbstract: In the paper the model for analysis of the switchedreluctance motor (SRM) parameters is described. Theinductances L, linkage flux Ψ, and torque T are calculated onthe basis of geometrical dimensions and B-H curves of thematerial. As the outputs the waveforms of the L, Ψ and T vscurrent and rotor position are gained (4 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248427

106 Design of microcomputer excitation regulatorsand its implementation based on DSPAuthor(s): Rong Taiping (Affiliation: Dept. of Electron. & Inf.Eng., Huazhong Univ. of Sci. & Technol., China), OuGanshengJournal: J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technol. (China), vol.32, no.5,p.19-21 (May 2004) Publisher: Editorial Board J. HuazhongUniv. of Sci. & Technol, China Language: Chinese ISSN:1671-4512Document type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper introduced Microcomputer ExcitationRegulation Device based on DSP chip TMS320LF2407A. Itexpounded how to use the advantage of Fast FourierTransform Algorithm (FFT) in DSP, how to carry outsimultaneous sampling for voltage and current of generator'sstator with ADS8364, how to get accurate PWM output byusing PID and LOEC. It also expatriated how to use interfaceof SCI and CAN to complete communication between multi-host or upper controllers (3 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248562

107 Mathematical model of an electromechanicalactuator using flux state variables applied to reluctancemotorAuthor(s): W. Burlikowskj (Affiliation: Instytut ElektrotechnikiTeoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland)Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.193, p.7-18 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: A mathematical model of an electromechanicalactuator using flux state space variables is described. In themodel formulation eddy currents and hysteresis phenomenonwere neglected. As an example of application an idealisedmodel of a reluctance motor is presented. Analysis is focusedon determination of saturation phenomenon influence onmodel formulation methodology and on correctness ofobtained results. Graphical interpretation of evaluation of

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quantities occurring in the proposed model of an actuator,using data obtained from an idealised model, is presented (13refs.)Inspec No.: 8248857

108 Asymmetry of phase stator currents amplitude ofan induction machine at stallAuthor(s): R. Kaluza, T. Trawinski (Affiliation: InstytutElektrotechniki Teoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl,Poland)Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.193, p.31-8 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: In the paper the asymmetry phenomena of statorcurrents amplitude of squirrel-cage induction machine workedat stall is cleared up. The analytical and graphical method wasused to investigate the polyharmonic model of inductionmachine towards the asymmetry phenomena of statorcurrents amplitude. The reason why stator phase currentamplitude asymmetry occurs are higher MMF spaceharmonics connected with discrete distribution of stator androtor windings in slots (4 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248859

109 Examinations of synchronous parasitic torques indouble-speed, squirrel-cage induction motorsAuthor(s): G. Klapyta (Affiliation: Instytut ElektrotechnikiTeoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland)Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.193, p.39-48 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: English ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: In double-speed induction machines phenomenon ofparasitic torques is being enlarged as compared to one-speedmachines. This is why such motors should be speciallydesigned and higher harmonics must be considered in thedesign process. Using computer simulations allows to reducecosts of designing new machines and saves a lot of time.Simulation results allow to examine the machine before it isbuilt. It can be a very helpful tool in designer's hand. Howeveronly full theoretical and practical measurements allow to getfull information about explored machine. The problem ofparasitic torques in double-speed induction motor is still vividand studies on this topic should be continued (8 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248860

110 Simulations of polyharmonic model of squirrel-cage induction motor with additional ring in rotorAuthor(s): G. Klapyta (Affiliation: Instytut ElektrotechnikiTeoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland)Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.193, p.49-56 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: English ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: Existence of parasitic torques in induction motors istheir disadvantage. The torques cause noise and vibrations.They can also cause difficulties with starting the motor. One ofmethods of their elimination is the use of an additional ring inthe middle of rotor and proper turning of created rotor's halves.In this article a mathematical model of a squirrel-cageinduction motor with additional ring is given. The principle ofoperation of the additional ring is cleared and there are also

some interesting simulation results proving possibility ofreducing parasitic torques by additional ring (7 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248861

111 Analysis of the air-gap length function and itsreciprocal for an electric machine having double full andnonfull slotting of the magnetic circuitAuthor(s): D. Krawczyk (Affiliation: Instytut ElektrotechnikiTeoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland)Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.193, p.79-87 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: An analysis of the air-gap length function of anelectric machine having doubly slotted magnetic circuit and itsreciprocal is presented. Results of the harmonic analysis ofboth functions are presented. The full and nonfull slotting ofthe magnetic circuit cases are considered. Applications of thepresented air-gap length reciprocal function are proposed (7refs.)Inspec No.: 8248864

112 Procedure for determination of conditions forreluctance torque generation in an electric motor havingdoubly slotted magnetic circuitAuthor(s): D. Krawczyk (Affiliation: Instytut ElektrotechnikiTeoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland)Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.193, p.89-95 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The way of an analytical determination of therelationships between the spatial MMF and permeanceharmonics describing the reluctance torque generation waspresented. The way of the rotor velocity determination forwhich the torque appears was also presented (9 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248865

113 Simulation analysis of the induction motor withtwo degrees of mechanical freedomAuthor(s): M. Szczygiel, P. Kowol (Affiliation: InstytutElektrotechniki Teoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl,Poland)Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.193, p.109-18 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: In the paper a two-armature induction motor with twodegrees of mechanical freedom is presented. From theanalytical field model, which is determined from simplifyingassumptions, electrical parameters for circuit andmathematical models of the motor are calculated.Electromechanical characteristics are determined from circuitmodels of the motor. Dynamic states of the motor aresimulated in mathematical model of the motor (8 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248866

114 Application of DTC-SVM method for the controlof double-fed induction machineAuthor(s): M. Jelen, K. Gierlotka, J. Michalak (Affiliation:Instytut Elektrotechniki Teoretycznej i Przemyslowej,Przemysl, Poland)

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Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.192, p.65-74 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The direct torque control with space vectormodulator (DTC-SVM) system is described. The principles ofthe control of the motor torque and of the reactive power in thestator circuit are presented. Advantages and faults of theDTC-SVM method are discussed and it was compared withother control methods of the double-fed induction machine.The results of the simulation tests of the machine controlledaccording to presented method are presented in the paper (8refs.)Inspec No.: 8248871

115 Synthesis of frequency scalar-control algorithmsof induction machineAuthor(s): A. ZywiecJournal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.188, p.11-24 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The equations determining the currents and fluxlinkages of the windings as well as the electromagnetic torqueof an induction machine operating in steady state and suppliedfrom a sinusoidal voltage source are presented in the paper.The relationships describing the frequency scalar-controlalgorithms of the induction motor are given. In the analysis thewide range of static optimization criteria of the machinesteady-state operation is taken into account. Also presented isa comparison of different scalar-control algorithms of theinduction machine (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248879

116 Estimation of electromagnetic flux linkage ofinduction motor in the system with digital signalprocessorAuthor(s): A. Zywiec, R. NiestrojJournal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.188, p.25-40 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: In this paper the results of simulation of anelectromagnetic flux linkage modified digital estimators havebeen presented. The problems that have been presented areconnected with the DC offset, disturbing signals of measuredquantities, and the initial value in integrators have beeneliminated in this estimators. The presented results ofsimulation allow determining the quality of estimation ofelectromagnetic flux linkage in a digital system with a 16-bit,fixed point digital signal processor TMS320C50 or,alternatively, TMS320F240. The equations as well as theblock diagram of the electromagnetic flux linkage modifiedestimators in the continuous domain have been presented.Also the block diagram of the electromagnetic flux linkagemodified, digital estimators in the discrete domain have beenpresented. In this block diagram the additional componentshave been included. They improve the quality of estimation ofelectromagnetic flux linkage when an induction motor is fed bya voltage source inverter and when signals of measuredquantities are strongly disturbed. The results of simulations ofthe electromagnetic flux linkage modified, digital estimatorshave been presented. The simulations have been made whentaking into consideration the limited precision of the fixed point

arithmetic. The obtained results of simulations show that theestimation of electromagnetic flux linkage in the modified,digital estimators that is equipped with a 16-bit, fixed-pointdigital signal processor is correct (14 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248880

117 Methods for linear observer design on theexample of state observer for induction motorAuthor(s): T. BialonJournal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.188, p.41-54 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: Four algorithms for linear observer design areproposed. The algorithms are based on the sets of conditionsderived from the models of a linear, time-invariant system anda linear, time-invariant state observer, fulfillment of whichprovides correct state estimation. Two of the presentedalgorithms enable design of an observer, that estimates notonly state variables but also their derivatives (9 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248881

118 Analysis of influence of disturbances onproportional observer operation shown on example ofinduction motor state space observerAuthor(s): T. BialonJournal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.188, p.55-66 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: Disturbances caused by measurement noise andmodelling errors are always present in inputs of the observerand are the reason for increase in estimation errors. Thisincrease depends on the observer parameters and in somecases can be minimized by appropriate selection of theparameters. In this paper the analysis of disturbance influenceon the proportional observer estimation errors is presented.Definition of a "matrix amplification index", an index describingthe matrix ability for amplifying disturbances and itsmathematical properties are presented. The state equations ofa bilinear time-invariant system and a bilinear proportionalobserver are presented. The equation of the error of thebilinear proportional state space observer in the observedsystem output vector is discussed. Based on the observererror equation it is shown that the disturbance amplificationdepends on the observer parameters and can be minimizedby reducing the matrix amplification index of one of theobserver matrices. Equations of the bilinear proportionalobserver of induction motor magnetic couplings as well as thesimulations results are presented. The simulation results showthe relation between the observer parameters and the value ofestimated error caused by disturbances. The most importantconclusion is that the proportional observer designed asproposed, provides very good quality of estimation,comparable to that of more complicated proportional integralobservers. The proofs of some mathematical properties aregiven (7 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248882

119 Use of steady-state characteristics determinedby means of the finite element method for parameterestimation of induction motorAuthor(s): J. Kudla

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Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.188, p.83-92 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: English ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The paper presents the mathematical model of aninduction machine in the steady state taking into accountsaturation effect. The set of the machine electromagneticparameters containing stator and rotor resistances as well asthe coefficients of analytical functions approximating thenonlinear synthetic characteristics of flux linkages aredetermined. In order to estimate the selected set ofparameters there were used the machine static characteristicscomputed on the basis of the motor reverse test simulation.The finite element method was used for calculations of thecharacteristics, whereas genetic algorithms were applied toparameter estimation (3 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248883

120 Measuring methods versus calculations ofelectromagnetic torque of squirrel cage motorsAuthor(s): R. MiksiewiczJournal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.188, p.93-102 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The paper presents the analysis of different methodsfor determining the electromagnetic torque of thecomputational model of a 3-phase squirrel cage motor whichtakes into account higher harmonics of MMF. This modelallows analysing the motor transient states for differentdegrees of its simplification. There are analysed themeasuring methods of the torque based on: measurement ofthe shaft torsional angle by means of a strain gauge,measurement of the rotational speed and measurement of theinput power instantaneous values. It has been proved that theobtained waveforms of the torque for the monoharmonicmodel are the same independently of the applied method,whereas for polyharmonic models they are different. There isno possibility of obtaining the correct measurement results ofthe torques from higher space harmonics of MMF by means ofthe measuring methods considered in the paper (5 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248884

121 Failures of squirrel-cages of high powerinduction motor rotorsAuthor(s): B. DrakJournal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.188, p.103-10 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: Examples and analysis of failures of high powerinduction motor squirrel cages are presented. The influence ofelectromechanical and thermal factors on stresses anddeformations of squirrel-cages is analyzed. The results ofcomputer simulation of the chosen failures of squirrel-cagesare presented. The influence of the exemplary failure ofsquirrel-cages on the results of failures is discussed. The mainreasons for failures of squirrel-cages are given (8 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248885

122 Comparison of star-connected and mixed star-delta connected single layer winding propertiesAuthor(s): R. Maksiewicz, A. Wieczorek

Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.188, p.111-24 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: In this paper the properties of star connected andmixed star-delta single layer windings are compared. The starwinding component is separated and shifted in space inrelation to the delta component. For this type of winding thepossibilities of series winding or parallel connection arepresented. The conventional in star diagram and mixed star-delta connection diagram for the windings are presented. Forthese windings the space distributions of ampere-turns arecalculated. The space harmonic spectra produced by the bothtypes of windings are compared using numerical procedureFFT. It is shown that the mixed star-delta connected windingallows reduction of some higher harmonics of the spacedistribution that can be of essential importance in generationof synchronous and asynchronous parasitic torques. Rotatingspeeds of synchronous torque occurrence and the harmonicsgenerating these torques for different number of the rotor slotsare given. The results of measurements of the manufacturedmotors with the star connected winding with those of theprototype motors with the mixed star-delta connected windingare compared. They show that the efficiency of an inductionmotor with the mixed winding is slightly increased and itsperformance parameters are better than those of an inductionmotor with star connected winding (7 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248886

123 Application of thermal equivalent network toidentification of induction motor squirrel cage resistanceboth in steady and dynamic stateAuthor(s): T. MnichJournal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.188, p.125-34 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper presents a system for identification ofresistance changes of an induction motor squirrel cage, bothin steady and dynamic state. The system identifies changes inthe resistance of the squirrel cage on the basis of easilyaccessible measurement signals in a machine such as statorcurrent and voltage. The identification method is based on thethermal equivalent diagram of an induction motor. Thediagram shown in this paper determines the temperaturechanges that are the basis for determining resistance changesof the squirrel cage. The method takes into consideration notonly changes of the squirrel cage temperatures caused by theflow of current in a rotor but also the influence of other lossesgenerated in stator windings, magnetic circuits and caused bybearing friction. In the further part of the papers the results ofresistance rotor calculations for steady and dynamic state arepresented, The equations of a mathematical model are givenfor the both states. The mathematical model describes themethod of solving the thermal diagram. Simulationinvestigation with the use of Matlab and Matlab Simulinkprograms were carried out. For the steady state the values ofaverage steady temperatures of the squirrel cage and othermachine elements were calculated. The values mentionedabove were the basis for calculating the squirrel cageresistance. For the transient state the resistance changes ofthe squirrel cage are shown in the following cases: the work atthe rated current, the work at the overload current of the ratedvalue, the work at variable load (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248887

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124 Application of observer for resistance changes ofinduction motor rotor cage using rapid prototypingsystem dSPACE 1103 to improvement of rotor fluxestimation accuracyAuthor(s): T. MnichJournal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.188, p.135-46 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper presents the results of simulationinvestigations and measurements of a system for identificationof changes of induction motor cage resistance. This system isbased on the induction motor thermal model. The basicequations of the induction motor thermal model are given. Thesystem identifying changes in resistance was constructed onthe basis of these equations. The model for measurements,realised in a laboratory, is described. The results ofcomparison of the temperature and the rotor cage resistancechanges obtained form measurements and computersimulations are presented. The model was used forimprovement of the accuracy of determining the inductionmotor rotor flux. The diagram of the system is shown in thepaper. The simulation investigations of the system werecarried out by means of the rapid prototyping system dSPACE1103 (11 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248888

125 Motor model for simulation of additionalphenomena in induction motors supplied from PWMinvertersAuthor(s): R. ZientekJournal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.188, p.147-58 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper introduces a 3-phase motor modelincluding parasitic impedances between the stator windingand the stator and rotor core. The method for determiningthese impedances and the results of measurements verifyingcorrectness of the assumed motor model are presented. Theselected waveforms obtained from simulation andmeasurements are compared. The basic parasitic phenomenaoccurring in inductor motors supplied from PWM inverters andmotor testing are discussed. The three-phase inverter motormodel containing internal capacitances between the elementsare shown and the results of measurements verifying thethree-phase inverter motor model is presented. The diagramsof circuits for measuring leakage currents in induction motorsare shown. The measurement results and calculation resultsare tabulated. The cross section of the motor with oneconductor in each stator slot is shown. This paper presentsthe model of the equivalent diagram including the parasiticimpedances of the induction motor. This paper also describesthe way of determining the induction motor parasiticimpedances within the wide range of frequencies. Theschematic diagrams for determination of these impedances inPSpice program are given as well. The magnitudes and of theparasitic impedances obtained from measurements andcomputer simulation are compared. The simulation model ofthe motor (with a supply system) for additional phenomenausing PSpice program is shown. The waveforms obtainedfrom measurements and simulation for the grounded motor isalso presented (8 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248889

126 Use of dynamic responses to load rejection testfor estimation of synchronous generator parametersAuthor(s): A. Bobon, J. KudlaJournal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.188, p.159-68 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: English ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper presents a parameter estimationmethodology for a synchronous generator mathematicalmodel based on load rejection test results. A standardmathematical model of the synchronous generator containingone equivalent damper circuit in the d axis and two dampercircuits in the q axis in the rotor (so called (2,2)-type model) isconsidered. The parameters in d axis are estimated from thed-axis load rejection, while the parameters in q axis aredetermined from the q-axis load rejection. The parameterestimation process consists of minimising the sum of squareddifferences between the measured test signals and thesimulation results obtained when using the estimatedparameter values. Calculations are made for the 200 MWgenerator (8 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248890

127 A computational-measurement model forevaluation of thermal states of emergency insynchronous generator stator winding at disturbances incooling systemAuthor(s): Kapinos J, R. KrokJournal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.188, p.169-78 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper presents the thermal model forcalculations of temperature distributions in an indirectly cooledsynchronous generator stator winding. The temperature fieldin the generator stator winding is described by the system ofequations obtained as a result of application of the method ofnode potentials to solving the thermal-electrical networkrepresenting heat exchange in the stator winding bars. Acomputer program for thermal investigation of the statorwinding has been developed on a basis of the thermal model.It enables calculations of temperature distributions ingenerator stator winding bars at the correct operation of thecooling system as well as at the presence of disturbances inthe cooling system. The thermal model used for calculationshas been verified by measurements for a 70 MW generator.The calculation results of the average temperature rises of thegenerator stator winding have been very close to the values ofthe operating temperatures. It proves that the developedprogram is useful for thermal calculations of a generator statorwith an indirect cooling system, and especially for analysis ofproblems connected with using a generator at the presence ofdisturbances in its cooling system (5 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248891

128 Nonlinear field-circuit model of synchronousreluctance motorAuthor(s): R. MiksiewiczJournal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.188, p.179-90 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal article

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Abstract: This paper presents calculations of the performanceof 3-phase synchronous reluctance motor using squirrel cagemotor sheets of 160 mm and 80 mm frame size. The motorcomputational model takes into account saturation of themagnetic circuit. Nonlinear equations describe the motorperformance in steady states. The FEM and Opera-2Dprogram are used for field calculations. The distributions of thevector potential for different armature currents are shown. Asa result of field calculations characteristics of flux linkages,inductances as well as the magnetic circuit asymmetry factoras a function of the current phasor and its position angle areobtained. Based on the field calculations one can alsodetermine the space distributions of the tangent and normalcomponents of the flux density in the air gap. They can beapplied to calculations of the armature reaction inductance.The characteristic of flux linkages approximated by splinefunctions is used for circuit calculations of the motorperformance in steady states. From the solution of the systemof nonlinear equations for the given output power and thesupply voltage of the motor one determines the values of thecurrent phasor and its position angle, and next the otherparameters. The characteristics of the phase current and thepower factor versus the output power are shown, whereas thetorque-power angle characteristics for the nonlinear and linearmodels for the both types of motor are presented.Measurement results of the motor starting torque of the motorof 106 mm frame sizes and the computation results of theperformance for the both types of the motors are compared.The results of calculation and measurements show thenecessity of taking into considerations saturation of themagnetic circuit in calculations of reluctance motorperformance (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248892

129 Properties of switched reluctance motors withunsymmetrical air gapAuthor(s): R. Miksiewicz, K. WladarzJournal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.188, p.191-204 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper presents the results of simulation of a 4-phase switched reluctance motor of 8/6 poles withunsymmetrical air-gap. The field simulations show theconsiderable influence of asymmetry on the distributioninductance and the flux linkage. The position of the asymmetryhas no influence on the distribution inductance, but defines thearea of intensive magnetic saturation. The unsymmetrical air-gap causes in the increase leakage flux. The results of circuitcalculations for different types of control and different value ofload and supply parameters prove the influence of the air-gapasymmetry on the torque and current waveforms. Distortion ofthe waveforms increases together with increase in the motorspeed and the conduction angle. The motor with anunsymmetrical rotor produces a larger noise and vibrationsthan the symmetrical machine. The FFT analysis confirms thisconclusion. In the characteristics of speed-torque and currentsversus the load torque, the differences between symmetricaland unsymmetrical machines do not appear. If the load is verysmall the differences between the characteristics can be seen.Position of asymmetry has no influence on the operatingcharacteristics. The efficiency of the unsymmetrical motor is alower than that of the symmetrical machine. Pulsations of thetorque increase with the growth in the speed and conduction

angles. The unsymmetrical motor produces higher pulsationthan the symmetrical one (9 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248893

130 Dynamic model of two-phase permanent magnetsynchronous motorAuthor(s): P. ZaskalickyJournal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.188, p.215-20 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: English ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The paper deals with a new type of an electronicallycommuted two-phase salient pole permanent magnetsynchronous motor for an industrial and household appliance.The motor is fed from a single voltage-source inverter withrectangular output voltage. The inverter is controlled by amicrocomputer. The mathematical model of the machine wasrealized by means of the Matlab-Simulink program (5 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248894

131 A fuzzy logic reference model controller forsynchronous generatorAuthor(s): A. NoconJournal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.188, p.221-30 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper presents a novel Takagi-Sugeno fuzzylogic reference model controller. It allows controlling acontrolled system and compensating variation of the systemparameters. A stand-alone synchronous generator wasassumed to be the controlled system in simulationinvestigations. The idea of the investigated fuzzy controller ispresented in this paper. Takagi-Sugeno of 5 inputs, 1 outputand 9 rules in rule base is proposed. The controller does notadjust the error ε but, the error of the derivative stator voltageof synchronous generators εdy is adjusted. It is equipped withan additional element for correction of the static errorsε. Thiscorrection element is blocked by the variable ε1. Themembership functions of the fuzzy controller is presented. Thecontrol surface of the investigated controller (for normaloperation and operation with limitation) is shown. This paperalso describes the basic information on the synchronousgenerator mathematical model used for simulationinvestigations and the results of simulation investigations aregiven. The influence of the fuzzy controller gain on theselected performance criteria described by equations arepresented. The fuzzy logic controller was tested in Matlab-Simulink. For the analysis a linear controlled system wasassumed. The results of simulation investigations arepresented (18 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248895

132 Application of DTC method for the control ofdouble-fed induction machineAuthor(s): K. Gierlotka, M. Jelen (Affiliation: Inst. of Theor. &Ind. Electr. Eng., Poland)Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.187, p.33-40 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: English ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The application of the slip-ring induction motorsworking as double-fed machines is recommended when the

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speed control is confined to a small range aroundsynchronism. They can be applied in drive systems as well asin energy generation systems, for example in wind powerplants or in pumped-storage power plants. The paper dealswith the possibilities of application of the direct torque control(DTC) method for double-fed machine. By choice of the propervoltage vector of PWM converter this method allowscontrolling the motor torque and the reactive power in thestator circuit. Principles of direct torque control of double-fedmachine and results of the simulation tests of the drivecontrolled according to presented method are presented in thepaper (8 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248899

133 Motor management helpAuthor(s): F. Pardue, D. HancockJournal: tce (UK), no.761, p.55-6 (Nov. 2004) Publisher: Instn.Chem. Eng, UK Language: English ISSN: 0302-0797Document type: Journal articleAbstract: Motor life cycle management at industrial plants isan important part of eliminating unexpected motor failures andextending the life of motors between repairs or overhauls.However due to the large number of data sources involvedwith condition status, design, failure mode, and repairinformation, such programmes have proven that it is difficult tosustain. A Web-based motor management system makes itpossible for motor repair partners to enter this information intoa single Web-hosted database and it allows a wide base ofauthorized plant users to retrieve the information over theInternetInspec No.: 8249381

134 Will Dyson clean up with its SR motor? [switchedreluctance motors]Journal: Drives Controls (UK), vol.20, no.6, p.M3 (June 2004)Publisher: Kamtech Publishing, UK Language: English ISSN:0950-5490Document type: Journal articleAbstract: A team of electrical, mechanical, electronic,aeronautical and software engineers at the innovativeappliance maker Dyson has developed a new design ofswitched reluctance (SR) motor. The new motor is a 100,000rpm machine and is hailed as the first ultra-high speed SRmotor to exploit turbocharger aerodynamics and aerospacematerials. The square-core Dyson digital motor has a built-incontroller which manages energy consumption and providessoft-start and diagnostic functions. It also stores data on themotor and its use, which can be sent to Dyson servicepersonnel, either by holding a telephone handset to theappliance or via the Internet. Dyson claims that the motor isthe fastest ever for domestic appliances but is much smallerand weighs around 1 kg. The motor is expected to have aworking life of more than 1,000 hours compared to the 600hours before the brushes wear out on a conventionalappliance motorInspec No.: 8249511

135 Singular attractions [single-phase motors]Author(s): B. Bannister (Affiliation: AEG Electr. Motors, UK)Journal: Drives Controls (UK), vol.20, no.6, p.M4 (June 2004)Publisher: Kamtech Publishing, UK Language: English ISSN:0950-5490Document type: Journal article

Abstract: Although single-phase motors are widely used, manypotential users do not fully understand the technology. Thispaper outlines the various types of single-phase motors thatare available for different types of applicationsInspec No.: 8249512

136 Speed control and torque ripple minimization ofswitch reluctance motors using genetic algorithmsAuthor(s): B. Moshiri, F. Rashidi (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. &Comput. Eng., Tehran Univ., Iran)Journal: WSEAS Trans. Circuits Syst. (Greece), vol.3, no.2,p.399-403 (April 2004) Publisher: WSEAS, Greece Language:English ISSN: 1109-2734Document type: Journal articleAbstract: Switched reluctance (SR) drive technology is aserious contender for replacing the existing technologies,because of its technical and economic advantages. If someremaining problems like excessive torque ripple could beresolved through intelligent control, it would enjoy enormouscomparative advantages for grabbing significant market share.In this paper, the idea of genetic algorithm is generalized inorder to control of the speed of switch reluctance motor(SRM). Our proposed solution, can achieve very robust andsatisfactory performance (14 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250073

137 Automatic identification of shaft orbits ofgenerator sets based on improved moment invariantAuthor(s): Ni Chuan-kun, Zhou Jian-zhong, Fu Bo (Affiliation:Huazhong Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Wuhan, China)Journal: Electr. Power Sci. Eng. (China), no.2, p.16-18 (2004)Publisher: Editorial Dept. Electric Power Sci. & Eng, ChinaLanguage: Chinese ISSN: 1672-0792Document type: Journal articleAbstract: Axis orbit is an important characteristic to be used todiagnose the condition of the generator sets. Moment invariantof Hu is one of the important tools in graphic recognition. Inthis paper the limit of moment invariant in disperse state isanalyzed and the method is improved. Simulation experimentof automatic identification for some typical axis orbits areoperated, which proves that the method is effective, brief andfeasible (7 refs.)Inspec No.: 8251303

138 New kind of numerical electric torque measuringinstrumentAuthor(s): Wang Huai-ying, Liu Yong-chao (Affiliation: NanjingNormal Univ., China )Journal: Instrum. Technique Sens. (China), no.10, p.13-21(2004) Publisher: Editorial Board of the Instrument Techniqueand Sensor J, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1002-1841Document type: Journal articleAbstract: Based on analyzing the measuring feature of themechanical torque instrument, gave out a new method, whichused the input current and voltage of the motor stator as inputvalue, to calculate the motor's output torque. A new kind oftorque measuring instrument was constructed with theTMS320F24, sampling circuit, displaying circuit, protectioncircuit and communicating circuit. The measuring principlewas introduced, the consisted parts were detailedly designed.The experiment result was given out at the end (9 refs.)Inspec No.: 8251447

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139 A research of the vibration malfunction problemfor imported type 300 MW turbogenerator setsAuthor(s): Shen Pei-hua (Affiliation: Jiaxing Power GenerationCo. Ltd., Pinghu, China), Gu Huang, Ren Hao-renJournal: Proc. CSEE (China), vol.24, no.9, p.267-71 (Sept.2004) Publisher: Chinese Soc. Electr. Eng, China Language:Chinese ISSN: 0258-8013Document type: Journal articleAbstract: In this paper, based on the combination of theoryand practice, the mechanisms of vibration malfunction forimported type 300 MW turbogenerator sets is analyzed. Thethree bearing structure of generator and exciter is the maincause of question to initiate the large unbalance response for#6, #7 bearings and rubbing of sealed block. Finally in thispaper author suggested the effective measure to control thevibration climbing and instability for #6, #7 bearings (10 refs.)Inspec No.: 8251546

140 Hyper-dynamometer (PCDY-II 330)Author(s): K. Kawakubo, M. KawanoJournal: Meiden Rev. (Int. Ed.) (Japan), no.2, p.3-5 (2004)Publisher: Meidensha Corp, Japan Language: English ISSN:0387-5385Document type: Journal articleAbstract: In cases of trans-axle testing and similar testing, it isnecessary to set up a layout that is almost equivalent to a realcar scale. For this reason, the dynamometer on the drivingside is required to have a smaller diameter. As adynamometer to be used on the driving side, MeidenshaCorporation has developed and put into production a PCDYwith a low inertia and a small diameter, to be directlyconnected to the trans-axle to drive it without any offset gears.Like this PCDY, the hyper-dynamometer (PCDY-Il 330)introduced in this paper can be directly connected to the trans-axle without any intervention with the offset gears. Even with asmall diameter, this equipment improves power and torquecharacteristics. This dynamometer can applicable to a varietyof test programs. Theoretically, PCDY-II 330 is a permanentmagnet type synchronous motor. It is expected that the adventof PCDY-II 330 would improve the transient testing andsimulation testingInspec No.: 8251676

141 Ultra-high-speed dynamometer and relatedequipment used in motor testing systems for electricvehiclesAuthor(s): T. TakizawaJournal: Meiden Rev. (Int. Ed.) (Japan), no.2, p.9-11 (2004)Publisher: Meidensha Corp, Japan Language: English ISSN:0387-5385Document type: Journal articleAbstract: With the increased interest in environmentalproblems, various regulations have been reinforced in regardto exhaust gases. This paper introduces ultra-high-speedFREC dynamometers and their related equipment units for thetesting of the EV motor, which are recently getting bigger andfaster. The standard ultra-high-speed FREC dynamometersystems are designed to cope with 25,000 min-1. If the systemstructuring is actually needed over 20,000 min-1, the followingpoints are borne in mind: 1) obtaining a higher speed for thetorque meter, 2) development of a lubricator unit attached witha refrigerator, and 3) improvement of the control performancefor the high-frequency block of the inverter. We promoted the

development of these systems including the models withdifferent capacities to meet the needs of customersInspec No.: 8251677

142 Research on the embedded condition monitoringand fault diagnosis system for the rotation machineAuthor(s): Xu Feiyun, Hu Jianzhong, Jia Minping, ZhongBinglin (Affiliation: Dept. of Mech. Eng., Southeast Univ.,Nanjing, China)Journal: J. Southeast Univ., Nat. Sci. Ed. (China), vol.34, no.6,p.761-5 (Nov. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Dept. J. SoutheastUniv, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1001-0505Document type: Journal articleAbstract: To construct an intelligent machine with self-monitoring and self-diagnosis abilities, the technology forrealizing an Internet oriented embedded intelligent conditionmonitoring and fault diagnosis system with remote monitoring,diagnosis, maintenance and upgrading functions for therotation machine is introduced systematically. The system isbased on the digital signal processor (DSP) and theembedded microcomputer and can measure and store themachine work status, such as the rotate speed and vibrationetc. in real time. In the system, the DSP chip is used to do thefault signal processing and feature extraction. The embeddedmicrocomputer with a customized Linux operation systemcarries out the Internet oriented remote software upgradingand system maintenance. An embedded fault diagnosissoftware is also designed in the system based on the mobileagent technology which can interconnect with the remote faultdiagnosis center to realize cooperative diagnosis. Thisembedded condition monitoring and fault diagnosis technologycan effectively improve the intelligence degree of the faultdiagnosis system (13 refs.)Inspec No.: 8252064

143 Effects of the torque model on the control of aVR spherical motorAuthor(s): Kok-Meng Lee (Affiliation: George W. WoodruffSch. of Mech. Eng., Georgia Inst. of Technol., Atlanta, GA,USA), R.A. Sosseh, Zhiyong WeiJournal: Control Eng. Pract. (UK), vol.12, no.11, p.1437-49(Nov. 2004) Publisher: Elsevier, UK Language: English ISSN:0967-0661, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper presents the effects of the torque modelon the control of a variable reluctance spherical motor (VRSM)that offers several attractive features by combining multi-DOFmotions in a single joint. A general form of the torque modelfor a VRSM is derived using the principle of energyconversion. The torque models for two specific designconfigurations developed at Georgia Tech are compared. Thefirst has been based on an existing design characterized by atorque model in quadratic form. For feedback control of thespherical motor, the quadratic form of the torque modelrequires the use of nonlinear optimization schemes forcomputing the stator coil current inputs. The second designincorporating high coercive permanent magnets has a lineartorque-current relationship and thus allows a closed formsolution for both forward and inverse torque models. Theeffects of the torque model on a PD-controlled VRSMprototype has been studied both numerically andexperimentally. Experimental results agree well with thecomputation derived analytically (10 refs.)Inspec No.: 8252854

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144 Possibilities for use of coated superconductors inac applicationsAuthor(s): W.J. Carr (Affiliation: Long Electromagnetics,Pittsburgh, PA, USA), C.E. OberlyConference: Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. InternationalCryogenic Materials Conference - ICMC, Anchorage, AK, USAConference Date: 22-26 Sept. 2003 Sponsor(s): Argonne Nat.Lab.; Cryofab Inc.; Cryomagnetics Inc.; Cryomech Inc.; FermiNat. Accelerator Lab.; Oak Ridge Nat. Lab.; Sci. InstrumentsInc.; U.S. Dept. of Energy Journal: AIP Conf. Proc. (USA),no.711, pt.2, p.773-80 (2004) Publisher: AIP, USA Language:English ISSN: 0094-243XDocument type: Conference paper in journalAbstract: Coated superconductors with biaxially orientedcrystallites, such as in thick films of YBCO can carry largetransport current density (10 5 to 106 A/cm2) in one teslamagnetic fields near liquid-nitrogen temperature (77 K). Thesecoated superconductors which are prepared as wide tapeshave excessive ac losses for practical power components.Possibilities for reducing these losses to the point wherecoated materials can be used for ac power applications suchas generators, filter inductors and transformers are discussed.It is also pointed out that the use of coated conductors forsuch applications may require a complete redesign of theelectrical components (23 refs.)Inspec No.: 8247289

145 Optimization of our SC HTS reluctance motorAuthor(s): B. Oswald, K.-J. Best, M. Setzer (Affiliation:OSWALD-Elektromotoren GmbH, Miltenberg, Germany), M.Soll, W. Gawalek, A. Gutt, L. Kovalev, L. Fisher, G. Krabbes,H.C. FreyhardtConference: Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. InternationalCryogenic Materials Conference - ICMC, Anchorage, AK, USAConference Date: 22-26 Sept. 2003 Sponsor(s): Argonne Nat.Lab.; Cryofab Inc.; Cryomagnetics Inc.; Cryomech Inc.; FermiNat. Accelerator Lab.; Oak Ridge Nat. Lab.; Sci. InstrumentsInc.; U.S. Dept. of Energy Journal: AIP Conf. Proc. (USA),no.711, pt.2, p.879-88 (2004) Publisher: AIP, USA Language:English ISSN: 0094-243XDocument type: Conference paper in journalAbstract: Since several years we have successfully designed,built and tested at 77 K several reluctance motors. YBCO bulkmaterial has been incorporated into the rotor. Our latestresults, based on the old design, are published within theproceedings of the 8th VDI-Status-Seminar. The range ofmechanical output power achieved is up to about 200 kW. Allthese motors have shown that a significant step inperformance is obtained by using HTS bulk elements in therotor, compared to the data of these test motors withoutsuperconductors. However, by now the motor parametershave been limited to certain values. In order to optimize thistype of motor and to achieve increased output power andpower density we have modified the design with severalrespects. This includes properties of the superconductor(critical current density raised by about 20%), the use ofspecial soft magnetic material in the stator (increasedsaturation polarization), modified cut of the laminations(optimized for application at 77 K), and new geometry of themotor dimensions aimed at extremely high dynamics in orderto adapt this motor to some special applications. With ourpresent paper we present the results of this optimization whichhave brought the expected improvements and which are inexcellent accordance with theory (5 refs.)Inspec No.: 8247296

146 Adaptive control for induction servo motor basedon wavelet neural networksAuthor(s): Qinghui Wu (Affiliation: Inst. of Adv. ControlTechnol., Dalian Univ. of Technol., China), Yi Liu, DianjunZhang, Yonghui ZhangEditor(s): F.Yin, J.Wang, C.GuoConference: Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2004.International Symposium on Neural Networks. Proceedings,Dalian, China Conference Date: 19-21 Aug. 2004 Publication:Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2004. InternationalSymposium on Neural Networks. Proceedings (Lecture Notesin Comput. Sci. Vol.3174)) Publisher: Springer-Verlag,Germany, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 3 540 22843 8Page: 156-62 Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: This paper presents an adaptive control systemusing wavelet neural networks (WNN) for an induction servodrive motor with complex of nonlinear, multivariable, strongcoupling, slow time-varying properties, etc., and manyuncertainties such as mechanical parametric variation andexternal disturbance. The motivation of developing a newmethod is to overcome the limitation of conventional controlmethods which depends on the accurate model and cannotguarantee satisfactory control performance. The proposedscheme with on-line learning has the good tracking anddynamic performance, the ability of adaptive learning from theprocess and good robustness to uncertainties. Simulationresults demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method(6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8253726

147 A dual-mode adaptive robust controller using theTakagi-Sugeno model applied to a three-phaseinduction motorAuthor(s): A.D. Araujo (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ.Fed. do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil), F. Mota, R.E.F.SousaEditor(s): F.AllgowerConference: 6th IFAC Symposium on Nonlinear ControlSystems (NOLCOS 2004), Stuttgart, Germany ConferenceDate: 1-3 Sept. 2004 Publication: 6th IFAC Symposium onNonlinear Control Systems (NOLCOS 2004) Publisher: Institutfur Systemtheorie, Germany, 2004 Language: English Page:1103-7 Vol.3Document type: Conference paperAbstract: This paper presents the application of a controlstrategy that interpolates the model reference adaptive control(MRAC) and the variable structure model reference adaptivecontrol (VS-MRAC) applied to an induction motor. Thecombination of these strategies is obtained with controller fromfuzzy logic, where the idea of error magnitude is used foractivating each controller in correct time. We used the Takagi-Sugeno inference model to obtain an analytic expression forthe adaptation law. The application to the induction motorshows that this new strategy adaptation incorporates theadvantages of both MRAC and VS-MRAC (13 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254005

148 Accounting for magnetic characteristicnonlinearity in designing induction motor observerAuthor(s): H. Ouadi, F. Giri, J. De Leon-Morales, L. Dugard(Affiliation: GREYC, ISMRA, Caen, France )Editor(s): F.Allgower

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Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium on Nonlinear ControlSystems (NOLCOS 2004), Stuttgart, Germany ConferenceDate: 1-3 Sept. 2004 Publication: 6th IFAC Symposium onNonlinear Control Systems (NOLCOS 2004) Publisher: Institutfur Systemtheorie, Germany, 2004 Language: English Page:1409-14 Vol.3Document type: Conference paperAbstract: State estimators for induction motors are generallydesigned based on standard simplified models that supposethe machine magnetic characteristic to be linear. Since thischaracteristic is actually nonlinear, especially for high powermachines, the mentioned state estimators are likely not able toachieve the estimation accuracy they have been designed for.In this paper, a new state estimator is developed for ACmachine based on a model that appropriately accounts for thesaturation feature in the magnetic characteristic. Theproposed estimator is a full-order nonlinear observer. Thegains of the latter are tuned, using Lyapunov stability tools, sothat the state estimation error asymptotically vanished.Supremacy of the new observer over standard ones isillustrated by simulation using a 7.5 KW machine (11 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254031

149 Active and reactive power control for brushlessdoubly-fed machineAuthor(s): Huang Shoudao, Wang Yi, Wang Yaonan, RenGuangfa (Affiliation: Coll. of Electr. & Inf. Eng., Hunan Univ.,China)Editor(s): Z.WangConference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 640-4Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: A new power control system for brushless doubly-fedmachine (BDFM) has been developed. The mathematicsmodel of active and reactive power for BDFM has beenderived. The power control system simulation model wasestablished based on Matlab/Simulink. This power controlsystem using a rotating reference frame fixed on the gap fluxof the BDFM and can control the active and reactive powerindependently and stably. Computer simulation results aregiven to verify this control scheme (8 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254080

150 Study on power factor control technique ofdoubly fed machineAuthor(s): Lin Chengwu, Wang Fengxiang, Zhang Fengge(Affiliation: Sch. of Electr. & Eng., Shenyang Technol. Univ.,China)Editor(s): Z.WangConference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.

No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 649-51Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: Power factor control technique of the doubly fedmachine is studied theoretically and experimentally in thispaper. The expression of power factor angle and controlcharacteristic of power factor are derived based on the fieldorientation control theory of the doubly fed machine. Theexperimental system has been designed and built based on8XC196MC single-chip-computer. The experiment andsimulation results show that the proposed scheme is feasibleand practicable (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254081

151 Study on stator field orientation control methodof doubly fed machineAuthor(s): Wang Zheng, Wang Fengxiang, Zhang Fengge(Affiliation: Sch. of Electr. Eng., Shenyang Technol. Univ.,China)Editor(s): Z.WangConference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 652-4Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: A stator field orientation vector method of doubly fedmachine is introduced in this paper, which has the advantagesof simple and easy to be implemented. Adopting the proposedvector control method, the excitation flux and electromagnetictorque of the doubly fed machine can be decoupled andcontrolled individually. The machine torque can be easilycontrolled by the q-axis component of the rotor current iq2 .The simulation results show that the dynamic performance ofthe doubly fed machine can be improved by using theproposed control approach (5 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254082

152 The adaptive PID controller based on neuralnetwork for the synchronous generator excitationsystemAuthor(s): Wang Jun, Guangyi Zhang (Affiliation: Sch. ofElectr. Inf., Xihua Univ., Chengdu, China)Editor(s): Z.WangConference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 681-3Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: A proportional-integer-differential (PID) controllerbased on a neural network and adaptive control theory for thesynchronous generator system is presented in this paper. The

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PID parameters can be online improved through onlinetraining. The control algorithm is very simple. The simulationresults provide promising results under parameter variationsand load changes and prove the dynamic response is morequickly compared with the classical PID controller (8 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254085

153 Random pulse width PWM modulation forinduction motorAuthor(s): Zhao Jinghong (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Naval Eng. Univ., Hubei, China), Zhang JunhongEditor(s): Z.WangConference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 684-7Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: A classical space-vector pulse width with equalduration of application of application of zero-state vectors V0and V7 was modified. A factor variable k0 (proportional to thetime of application of vector V7) was introduced. By randomchanging k0 from 0% to 100% of the combined applicationtime for zero-state vectors, novel random pulse widthmodulation is proposed for application in voltage sourceinverters for adjustable speed AC drives. Harmonic spreadfactor is introduced for quality evaluation of voltage spectra ofinverters with the random PWM. Realization of the modulatorusing the Texas Instruments' TMS320F240 DSP controller isdescribed and the results of experiments are presented (3refs.)Inspec No.: 8254086

154 A novel space vector PWM control for dualthree-phase induction machineAuthor(s): Lin Chen (Affiliation: Fac. of Inf. Sci. & Technol.,Wuhan Univ. of Sci. & Technol., China), Lijun HouEditor(s): Z.WangConference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 724-9Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: In this paper, a novel space vector PWM scheme ofdual three-phase induction machine is described. The dualthree-phase induction machine is composed of two symmetricthree-phase winding sets, which are spatially phase-shifted by30 electrical degrees. The six-phase inverter is divided intotwo independent three-phase inverters with a common dc linkvoltage. So the 5th, 7th, 17th, 19 th, ... air-gap flux timeharmonics are inherently eliminated. As well as giving adetailed explanation of the generalized unified voltagemodulation algorithm, the paper presents the comparison

results with the conventional SVPWM and sinusoidal PWMmethod. The method presented in this paper can be easilyimplemented and generalized to machines with arbitrary three-phase winding sets. The feed-forward (v/f control) scheme isaddressed. The validity of the proposed technique is verifiedby the simulating and experimental results (9 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254091

155 Implementation of DSP-based three-levelinverter with dead time compensationAuthor(s): Zhichao Liu, Pengju Kong, Xuezhi Wu, Lipei Huang(Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Tsinghua Univ., Beijing,China)Editor(s): Z.WangConference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 782-7Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: Three-level inverter has gained the advantage overtraditional two-level inverter in high-voltage and high-powermotor control. In this paper, a 2.2 kW three-level voltagesource PWM inverter for ac motor applications is described.Space vector modulation (SVM) algorithm is briefed for thisinverter. To avoid the switches of the same bridge leg fromturning on simultaneous, dead time is added throughhardware circuit to secure the whole system. But it alsocauses current distortion. In order to compensate the voltagedeviation resulting from the dead time, a simple but effectivemethod based on the phase current direction is proposed. Thedifference between actual output voltages and reference onesis calculated at the beginning of every control cycle, and iscompensated immediately. Thanks to the powerful floating-point operation capability and high operation precision,TMS320C32 DSP acts as the central unit that implements allthe control strategies. PLD is used as PWM generator, whichsimplifies the structure of the hardware system. At the end ofthis paper, some simulative and experimental results are givento validate the feasibility (4 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254099

156 Simulation of an ingenious digital controller for a6/4 pole switched reluctance motorAuthor(s): S. Vijayan, V. Ramprasath, S. Paramasivam, R.Arumugam (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., AnnaUniv., India)Editor(s): Z.WangConference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 1054-9Vol.2Document type: Conference paper

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Abstract: This paper discusses the process of designing adigital controller for a 6/4 switched reluctance motor (SRM)using VHDL. SRM is gaining importance nowadays as thehigh RPM of the motor plays a vital role in applications suchas hard disk drive motors where high speed is necessary.Designing a controller for such a motor needs the aid of aprocessor, which has flexibilities in design and high speed inoperation. FPGA provides the solution for the aboverequirement, as it is compact in size and micro programmed inlogic. VHDL is very high-speed integrated circuits hardwaredescriptive language and is used for defining thefunctionalities of different modules of the controller. Byimplementing the controller in FPGA, PWM waveforms can begenerated from the kit, which is used to drive the gate of theconverter circuit. Most of the controllers, which are in use,occupy lot of space and consume a considerable amount ofenergy. The digital controller presented here has all itsalgorithms packed in a single chip, which makes the designeasy. In this paper both sensor based and indirect controltechniques are discussed (9 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254111

157 Unified voltage modulation method for dual-three-phase induction machineAuthor(s): Lin Chen, Fan Yang (Affiliation: Sch. of Inf. Sci. &Technol., Wuhan Univ. of Sci. & Technol., China)Conference: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference onMachine Learning and Cybernetics, Shanghai, ChinaConference Date: 26-29 Aug. 2004 Publication: Proceedingsof 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning andCybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04EX826) Publisher: IEEE, USA,2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8403 2 Page: 672-7vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: In this paper, unified voltage modulation techniquefor dual three-phase induction machine (DTPIM) is described.The dual three-phase induction machine is composed of twosymmetric three-phase winding sets, which are spatiallyphase-shifted by 30 electrical degrees. The machine is drivenby a six-phase Inverter, which is divided into two independentthree-phase inverters with a common dc link voltage. Usingthe concept named "effective time", various carrier-basedPWM scheme can be easily implemented to the machine andgeneralized to multiphase machines with arbitrary three-phasewinding sets. The feed-forward (v/f control) scheme isaddressed. The validity of the proposed technique is verifiedby the simulating results (8 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254121

158 The application of fuzzy-network control in theAC speed adjustment systemAuthor(s): Zhong-Qi Chen (Affiliation: Hebei Univ. of Sci. &Technol., Shijiazhuang, China)Conference: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference onMachine Learning and Cybernetics, Shanghai, ChinaConference Date: 26-29 Aug. 2004 Publication: Proceedingsof 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning andCybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04EX826) Publisher: IEEE, USA,2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8403 2 Page: 1109-12vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: This paper investigates the complicated controlledobject. A method of fuzzy network is proposed. Results ofsimulation research show that the controller has not only high

self-study ability, but also high robustness, and let theperformance in AC speed adjustment system quickly improved(6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254167

159 Rotor fault diagnosis based on fusion estimationof multi-circuit model of induction motorAuthor(s): Feng Lu (Affiliation: Dept. of Electron, Hebei NormalUniv., Shijiazhuang, China), Hai-Lian Du, Zhe-Jun Diao, Xi-Yuan JuConference: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference onMachine Learning and Cybernetics, Shanghai, ChinaConference Date: 26-29 Aug. 2004 Publication: Proceedingsof 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning andCybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04EX826) Publisher: IEEE, USA,2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8403 2 Page: 2157-61vol.4Document type: Conference paperAbstract: The breaking of rotor-bar is the common fault ofsquirrel cage induction motor (SCIM). According to multi-sensor data fusion theory, a kind of rotor's fault detectionsystem based on multi-sensor data fusion estimation ofinduction motor's model is provided, which makes use ofstrong tracking filter's tracking ability to the abrupt state.Through the computer's simulation, the system has strongidentification ability and a high estimated accuracy to theparameter variation, and it can make a diagnosis quickly andin time when the fault occurs (7 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254219

160 Network turbo unit monitoring system based onadvanced diagnostic strategiesAuthor(s): Yong Zhang, Ning-Ling Wang (Affiliation: NorthChina Electr. Power Univ., Baoding, China)Conference: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference onMachine Learning and Cybernetics, Shanghai, ChinaConference Date: 26-29 Aug. 2004 Publication: Proceedingsof 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning andCybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04EX826) Publisher: IEEE, USA,2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8403 2 Page: 3449-53vol.6Document type: Conference paperAbstract: It is a trend to detect and analyze the faults of turbo-generator unit by means of advanced diagnostic theory andopen network structure. A turbo-unit fault diagnosis system forshaft monitoring based on the improved RBF neural networkdiagnostic model is introduced in this paper, by which thetypical faults and some new-type ones are to be diagnoseddirectly, besides it is of the function of modifying the samplescontinuously. More importantly, an open Browser/Servernetwork structure is proposed to realize the operatingcondition information sharing among the levels of equipmentmanagers, production managers and remote experts (4 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254307

161 Flatness-based hierarchical control of the PMsynchronous motorAuthor(s): E. Delaleau (Affiliation: Laboratoire des signaux etsystemes, Paris Univ., Gif-sur-Yvette, France), A.M. StankovicConference: Proceedings of the 2004 American ControlConference, Boston, MA, USA Conference Date: 30 June-2July 2004 Sponsor(s): American Automatic Control Council;IFAC Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control

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Conference Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: EnglishISBN: 0 7803 8335 4 Page: 65-70 vol.1Document type: Conference paperAbstract: The paper describes a flatness-based controlscheme for the permanent magnet synchronous motor. Ahierarchical control is developed and the scheme is shown tobe compatible with the flatness properties via a detailed time-scale analysis. The proposed control strategy also achievescopper loss minimization at all operating points. Detailedsimulations are presented to illustrate stability and robustnessproperties of the control scheme (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254665

162 Controllability analysis of an inverter fedinduction machineAuthor(s): H. Mosskull (Affiliation: Bombardier Transp.,Stockholm, Sweden)Conference: Proceedings of the 2004 American ControlConference, Boston, MA, USA Conference Date: 30 June-2July 2004 Sponsor(s): American Automatic Control Council;IFAC Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 American ControlConference Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: EnglishISBN: 0 7803 8335 4 Page: 76-81 vol.1Document type: Conference paperAbstract: A controllability analysis of an induction machine fedby a voltage source inverter is performed to gainunderstanding of fundamental properties of the process from acontrol point of view. For example the effects of inputconstraints on reference tracking as well as disturbancerejection are considered and some of the results are verifiedthrough simulations (9 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254667

163 Adaptive induction machine current control usinginternal model principleAuthor(s): Cheng-Jin Zhang (Affiliation: Sch. of Control Sci. &Eng., Shandong Univ., Jinan, China)Conference: Proceedings of the 2004 American ControlConference, Boston, MA, USA Conference Date: 30 June-2July 2004 Sponsor(s): American Automatic Control Council;IFAC Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 American ControlConference Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: EnglishISBN: 0 7803 8335 4 Page: 82-3 vol.1Document type: Conference paperAbstract: The inner loop current control plays a key role in thehigh performance sensorless induction machine control. Anadaptive current control scheme for the induction machine isproposed in this report. After employing nonlinear feedforwarddecoupling technique the controller is constructed along withinternal model principle to gain zero steady state error of themachine stator currents. The dead-zone technique is utilizedin the gradient adaptive law to enhance the robustness of thecontrol system. The simulation results carried out withMATLAB/SIMULINK are presented to show the effectivenessof the closed-loop current control system (5 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254668

164 Adaptive position servo control of permanentmagnet synchronous motorAuthor(s): Liu Mingji (Affiliation: State Key Lab of AutomotiveSafety & Energy, Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China), CaiZhongqin, Cheng Ximing, Ouyang Minggao

Conference: Proceedings of the 2004 American ControlConference, Boston, MA, USA Conference Date: 30 June-2July 2004 Sponsor(s): American Automatic Control Council;IFAC Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 American ControlConference Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: EnglishISBN: 0 7803 8335 4 Page: 84-9 vol.1Document type: Conference paperAbstract: The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM)has been widely used in many accurate servo control systemsas it has excellent control qualities, large torque coefficient,small ripple torque, and so on. However, the modeluncertainty of PMSM has an important effect on the accuracyof control systems. In this paper, the dynamic model forPMSM systems is established in an experimental method. Theadaptive model following control law is presented for theposition servo system of PMSM, and the motor velocity signalof the adaptive controller is estimated with the velocityobserver. The experimental results verify the effectiveness ofthe adaptive control method and show that the position of thePMSM can follow the output of the reference model well (13refs.)Inspec No.: 8254669

165 Switching motor control: toward an integratedamplifier design with position feedbackAuthor(s): G. Niemeyer, J. Fiene (Affiliation: Telerobotics Lab,Stanford Univ., CA, USA)Conference: Proceedings of the 2004 American ControlConference, Boston, MA, USA Conference Date: 30 June-2July 2004 Sponsor(s): American Automatic Control Council;IFAC Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 American ControlConference Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: EnglishISBN: 0 7803 8335 4 Page: 180-5 vol.1Document type: Conference paperAbstract: In this paper we investigate the advantages andfeasibility of motor control using very fast (MHz) switching inplace of traditional amplifiers. We also propose an integratedmotion-control architecture based on a third-order motormodel to be implemented in digital logic at an equally highrate. A switching controller combines the current and positionfeedback paths into a single loop. A model-based observerestimates the unsensed motor velocity. When compared tosecond-order controllers implemented with traditionalamplifiers, the proposed design promises increasedperformance, better efficiency, and improved velocityestimation. Advances in semiconductor technology provide therequired fast switching and logic with relatively standardcomponents. Preliminary experiments characterizednonlinearities in the motor electrical dynamics and verifiedgood performance at frequencies up to 5 MHz (9 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254685

6.2 DC Machines

166 Transient stabilization of multimachine powersystems with nontrivial transfer conductancesAuthor(s): R. Ortega, M. Galaz (Affiliation: Lab. des Signaux etSyst., Supelec, Gif-sur-Yvette, France), A. Astolfi, YuanzhangSun, T. ShenJournal: IEEE Trans. Autom. Control (USA), vol.50, no.1,p.60-75 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0018-9286, Full textDocument type: Journal article

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Abstract: In this paper, we provide a solution to the long-standing problem of transient stabilization of multimachinepower systems with nonnegligible transfer conductances.More specifically, we consider the full 3n-dimensional model ofthe n-generator system with lossy transmission lines andloads and prove the existence of a nonlinear static statefeedback law for the generator excitation field that ensuresasymptotic stability of the operating point with a well-definedestimate of the domain of attraction provided by a bona fideLyapunov function. To design the control law we apply therecently introduced interconnection and damping assignmentpassivity-based control methodology that endows the closed-loop system with a port-controlled Hamiltonian structure withdesired total energy function. The latter consists of terms akinto kinetic and potential energies, thus has a clear physicalinterpretation. Our derivations underscore the deleteriouseffects of resistive elements which, as is well known, hamperthe assignment of simple "gradient" energy functions andcompel us to include nonstandard cross terms. A key step inthe construction is the modification of the energy transferbetween the electrical and the mechanical parts of the systemwhich is obtained via the introduction of state-modulatedinterconnections that play the role of multipliers in classicalpassivity theory (35 refs.)Inspec No.: 8249819

167 Measurement and control of torque ripple-induced frame torsional vibration in a surface mountpermanent magnet machineAuthor(s): P. Beccue, J. Neely, S. Pekarek (Affiliation: Dept. ofElectr. Eng., Univ. of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO, USA), D.StuttsJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1,p.182-91 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language:English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: A sensor to measure the stator torsional vibrationdue to torque ripple produced by a surface mount permanentmagnet machine is first described. The sensor is relativelyinexpensive and is straight forward to incorporate into a drivesystem. Experiments are performed to validate that thevoltage produced by the sensor is linearly related to torqueripple amplitude. Closed-loop controllers are then describedthat adjust the stator current harmonics applied to the machineto achieve a commanded average torque while mitigatingmeasured torsional vibration. Simulation and experimentalresults are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of thecontrol techniques (13 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250597

168 Practical control for improving power density andefficiency of the BLDC generatorAuthor(s): Hyung-Woo Lee (Affiliation: Dept. of Theor. & Appl.Mech., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY, USA), Tae-Hyung Kim, M.EhsaniJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1,p.192-9 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8993, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper presents an advanced control techniquefor maximizing power density and efficiency of the brushlessdc generator by using a linear tracking method and alsosuggests a sub-optimal control method in practicalapplications. In a generator of given rating, the weight and

size of the system affect the fuel consumption directly;therefore, power density is one of the most important issues ina standalone generator. Conventional rectification methodscannot achieve the maximum power possible because of anonoptimal current waveform. The optimal control scheme tomaximize power density and minimize machine size andweight in a nonsinusoidal power supply system has beenderived, incorporated in a control system, and verified bysimulation and experimental work. A new simple algebraicmethod has been proposed to accomplish the proposedcontrol without a fast Fourier transform which is timeconsuming and complicated (7 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250598

169 Electronic commutator with possibility of twozone operation of PMBDC motorAuthor(s): K. Krykowski, A. Bodora (Affiliation: InstytutElektrotechniki Teoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl,Poland)Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.192, p.91-100 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The issues connected with the brushless directcurrent motors (PMBDC) two-zone operation are referred to inthe paper. The survey of currently known two-zone operationmethods of the PMBDC motor is presented. Next, thealternative concept of bridge-half-bridge variable commutatorstructure is introduced. There is presented the originaltopology of the electronic commutator, which allows practicalrealisation of the conception. The principle of the systemoperation and some selected experimental test results aredescribed too (16 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248874

170 The position sensor imperfections and itsinfluence on brushless DC motor motion propertiesAuthor(s): A. Domoracki, J. Hetmanczyk, K. Krykowski(Affiliation: Inst. of Theor. & Ind. Electr. Eng., Poland)Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.187, p.25-32 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: English ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The paper presents the influence of position sensor(PS) imperfections on brushless DC motor (BLDC) motionproperties. The following cases were considered: improperlocation of the PS, asymmetrical construction and incorrectselection of the Hall sensors. The consequences of these is:deterioration of motion properties, an electromagnetic torquedecrease, increase of source current consumption and loss ofthe power (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248898

171 Keep in step [stepping motors]Author(s): M. ChekleyJournal: Drives Controls (UK), vol.20, no.6, p.M6-8 (June2004) Publisher: Kamtech Publishing, UK Language: EnglishISSN: 0950-5490Document type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper examines the different advantages ofstepping motors over servo motors for many applications. Thebrushless construction of stepping motors gives them longer,maintenance-free lifetimes, and the fact that their drive

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electronics does not require linear amplifiers means there isless heating and that their efficiency is high. Stepping motorscan also produce excellent torque at low speed and provide aholding torque at rest, locking all mechanical components andreducing the need for clamps and brakes. In addition, thespeed and position of stepper motors can also be controlledaccurately without a feedback mechanism. If short, rapid andrepetitive moves are needed, the stepper is an economicalsolution, unless there are also high dynamic requirementsInspec No.: 8249513

172 Fuzzy logic speed control of a DC motorAuthor(s): S. Aydemir (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., KocaeliUniv., Turkey), S. Sezen, H.M. ErtuncEditor(s): Z.WangConference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 766-71Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: This paper presents a simulation of the speedcontrol of a DC motor using fuzzy logic control (FLC) atMATLAB environment. The fuzzy logic controller designed inthis study applies the required control voltage based on motorspeed error (e) and its change (ce). The performance of thedriver system was evaluated through digital simulations usingSimulink toolbox of Matlab®. The simulation results show thatthe control with FLC outperforms PI control in terms ofovershoot and steady state error (9 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254096

173 An improved V-A characteristics of switches andits application in coupled field-circuit simulation ofpermanent magnet brushless DC motorAuthor(s): Shuhong Wang, Luhuai Zhao, Jie Qiu, Qingfu Li,Xinghua Wang, Qunfeng Li (Affiliation: Fac. of Electr. Eng.,Xi'an Jiaotong Univ., China)Editor(s): Z.WangConference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 1013-17Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: In this paper, an improved V-A characteristics ofideal switches is proposed, which has been applied to thecoupled field-circuit dynamic simulation in the brushless DCmotor (BLDCM). By means of this method, the circuitequations can be constructed with only one topology, and theswitch states can be detected automatically, which enablesthe versatile of the simulation. Comparing the simulation

results and the experimental observation, the satisfaction ofthe presented method is confirmed (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254110

174 The PWM electric commutator controlled bysinglechip in the brushless DC motorAuthor(s): Miao Gao (Affiliation: Coll. of Inf. Sci. & Eng., HebeiUniv. of Sci. & Technol., China)Conference: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference onMachine Learning and Cybernetics, Shanghai, ChinaConference Date: 26-29 Aug. 2004 Publication: Proceedingsof 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning andCybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04EX826) Publisher: IEEE, USA,2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8403 2 Page: 697-700vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: This paper introduces the PWM (pulse widthmodulated) trigger circuit and the driving circuit used in theIGBT inverter of the brushless DC motor that is controlled bythe singlechip 8098. This design is feasible, simple andeconomical (3 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254126

175 On motion control design and tuning techniquesAuthor(s): F.J. Goforth (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Comput.Eng., Cleveland State Univ., OH, USA)Conference: Proceedings of the 2004 American ControlConference, Boston, MA, USA Conference Date: 30 June-2July 2004 Sponsor(s): American Automatic Control Council;IFAC Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 American ControlConference Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: EnglishISBN: 0 7803 8335 4 Page: 716-21 vol.1Document type: Conference paperAbstract: The conventional proportional, integral, derivative(PID) controller/and some common linear variations to PID,are evaluated along with recently introduced parameterizedloop shaping and active disturbance rejection control (ADRC).The evaluation is made using a simulation of a nonlinear DCservomotor driven "pick & place" positioning system thatincludes control input saturation, power amplifier saturation,motor current limit, viscous and coulomb friction, and gearbacklash. The effects of adding torque disturbance, sensornoise, mechanical resonance, and load changes areexamined for the various control methods. The relative meritsof these control techniques in regards ease of controllerdesign and tuning versus performance are summarized (12refs.)Inspec No.: 8254732

6.3 Linear Machines

6.4 Small and Special Purpose ElectricMachines

176 Study on the contact model of ultrasonic motorconsidering shearing defomationAuthor(s): Li Huafeng, Zhao Chunsheng (Affiliation: NanjingUniv. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut., China), Gu ChenglinJournal: J. Electr. Eng. (Slovakia), vol.55, no.7-8, p.216-20(2004) Publisher: Slovak Tech. Univ.; Slovak Acad. Sci,Slovakia Language: English ISSN: 1335-3632Document type: Journal article

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Abstract: The interface contact model between the stator androtor of a travelling wave type ultrasonic motor is presented,assuming that the rigid stator contacts the flexible rotor overan area, and the frictional material is regarded as a distributedlinear spring and without shearing deformation from which themechanical characteristic of the motor and the interfacetransmission efficiency are deduced. On this basis, theinterface contact model taking account the shearingdeformation of the frictional material, which better agrees withthe practical situation, is proposed. Then the influences of themotor's parameters on its performance are investigated. Theeffectiveness of the proposed model is validated by otherresearchers (7 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248431

177 Effect of sampling rate on the performance offuzzy logic controller for the speed control of DC motorAuthor(s): C.S. Parvathi, P. Bhaskar (Affiliation: Dept. ofInstrum. Technol., Gulbarga Univ., Raichur, India), A.B.KulkarniJournal: IETE Tech. Rev. (India), vol.21, no.4, p.291-8 (July-Aug. 2004) Publisher: Instn. Electron. & Telecommun. Eng,India Language: English ISSN: 0256-4602Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The effect of sampling rate on the performance offuzzy logic controller (FLC) for the speed control of DC motorhas been studied in this paper. A seven number triangularmembership function for fuzzification, if-then rules fordecision-making logic and center of gravity (COG) fordefuzzification have been used for the FLC. Experimentalsetup has been made up of DC micromotor, LabVIEWsoftware package. Signal Conditioning extension forInstrumentation (SCXI) cards, data acquisition (DAQ) boardand fuzzy logic toolkit. The speed control of DC motor wasdone for a sampling time of 1 second, 3 seconds, 5 seconds.For slower sampling rate the response of DC motor becomessluggish and oscillations are observed at the set point (18refs.)Inspec No.: 8249363

178 Performance improvement of rectangular-platelinear ultrasonic motors using dual-frequency driveAuthor(s): Yang Ming, R.C. Richardson, M.C. Levesley, P.G.Walker (Affiliation: Sch. of Mech. Eng., Leeds Univ., UK), K.WattersonJournal: IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control(USA), vol.51, no.12, p.1600-6 (Dec. 2004) Publisher: IEEE,USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-3010Document type: Journal articleAbstract: To improve the performances of a rectangular-platelinear ultrasonic motor for specific applications, a dual-frequency drive has been proposed and investigated. Throughcareful design of the rectangular piezoelectric ceramic plate,its first longitudinal resonant frequency coincides with itssecond lateral bending resonant frequency and is one-third ofits higher lateral bending resonant frequency. When a square-wave voltage is used to drive the motor, its first longitudinaland second bending and the higher bending vibration modesare excited. Experimental results show that the maximumthrust force and maximum velocity of the motor are over 170%of those obtained from the single-frequency sine-wave drivewhen the voltage performance of the motor becomessaturated (11 refs.)Inspec No.: 8251257

179 China ups the motor ante [China's motormanufacturers]Author(s): M. BudimirJournal: Mach. Des. Int. (USA), vol.76, no.12, p.62-4 (17 June2004) Publisher: Penton Publishing, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0024-9114Document type: Journal articleAbstract: China's motor manufacturers are well versed insmall, standard motors and are setting their sights on steppersand servomotors. In terms of design, the Chinese motormanufacturers do well with the iron and copper, corecomponents of any motor. The fact is the overwhelmingmajority of motors from China are standard, high-volume,commodity-type motors. The truth seems to be that forcommodity items that are more labor intensive but, design-wise, not too challenging and complex, Chinesemanufacturers have the edge simply due to labor costs, butcomplex designs and custom products remains in the USInspec No.: 8252863

180 Time-delay recurrent neural networks fordynamic systems controlAuthor(s): Xu Xu (Affiliation: Coll. of Math., Jilin Univ.,Changchun, China), Yinghua Lu, Yanchun LiangEditor(s): F.Yin, J.Wang, C.GuoConference: Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2004.International Symposium on Neural Networks. Proceedings,Dalian, China Conference Date: 19-21 Aug. 2004 Publication:Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2004. InternationalSymposium on Neural Networks. Proceedings (Lecture Notesin Comput. Sci. Vol.3174)) Publisher: Springer-Verlag,Germany, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 3 540 22843 8Page: 104-9 Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: A time-delay recurrent neural network (TDRNN)model is presented. TDRNN has a simple structure but farmore "depth" and "resolution ratio" in memory. A TDRNNcontroller for dynamic systems is proposed. A dynamicrecurrent back-propagation algorithm is developed and theoptimal adaptive learning rates are also proposed toguarantee the global convergence. Numeral experiments forcontrolling speeds of ultrasonic motors show that the TDRNNhas good effectiveness in identification and control fordynamic systems (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8253720

6.5 Transformers

181 Harmonic voltage measurements using CVTsAuthor(s): F. Ghassemi (Affiliation: Hathaway Syst. Ltd.,Hoddesdon, UK), P. Gale, T. Cumming, C. CouttsJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.443-9 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN:0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: A method for harmonic measurements in EHVsystems is proposed that is based on the measurement ofcurrents in capacitor voltage transformers (CVT) and values ofcapacitor elements of CVTs. This is the basis of a newtechnique, which uses current sensors installed within CVTs.Simulation studies and field tests have confirmed the validityand practicability of the technique. In the new method, theinput terminal voltage is directly determined and noinformation about transfer function and burden is required. In

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order to verify the field test results, errors in the CVT outputvoltage recorded during tests were compensated by the use ofthe transfer function determined independently in transferfunction tests for the same burden. A very good correlationwas observed between the two results. The results of fieldmeasurements are also presented (7 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250551

182 Simulation of faults during impulse testsAuthor(s): V. Jayashankar, A. Palani (Affiliation: Indian Inst. ofTechnol. Madras, Chennai, India), S. Usa, K. UdayakumarJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.524-5 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN:0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: Experimental results on fault simulations duringimpulse tests across windings and other specifically designednetworks are reported. Both breakdown and partial dischargestudies are conducted with digital acquisition of fault records(2 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250563

183 Compensated-current differential relay forprotection of transformersAuthor(s): Y.C. Kang, E.S. Jin (Affiliation: NPTC & Div. ofElectron. & Inf. Eng., Chonbuk Nat. Univ., Chonju, SouthKorea), S.H. Kang, P.A. CrossleyJournal: IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib. (UK), vol.151,no.3, p.281-9 (15 May 2004) Publisher: IEE, UK Language:English ISSN: 1350-2360, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: During magnetic inrush or over-excitation, saturationof the core in a transformer draws a large excitation current,which can cause malfunction of a differential relay. The paperdescribes a solution, its implementation within acompensated-current differential relay and its evaluation usingan EMTP-based simulator and a relay test set. The relay usesthe same restraining current as a conventional relay, but thedifferential current is modified to compensate for the effects ofthe exciting current. Before the core enters saturation, therelay calculates the core-loss current and uses it to modify themeasured differential current. If the core then enterssaturation, the initial value of the core flux is obtained byinserting the modified differential current at the start ofsaturation into the magnetisation curve. The actual core fluxseen during a fault or a nonfault event, such as magneticinrush or over-excitation, is then derived and used inconjunction with the magnetisation curve to calculate themagnetising current. A modified differential current is thenderived that compensates for the core-loss and magnetisingcurrents. The operating performance of the compensatedcurrent differential relay was compared against a conventionaldifferential relay. Results indicate that the compensated relayremained stable during severe magnetic inrush and over-excitation, because the exciting current was successfullycompensated. The paper concludes by implementing the relayon a hardware platform based on a digital signal processor.The relay correctly discriminates magnetic inrush and over-excitation from an internal fault and is not affected by the levelof remanent flux (12 refs.)Inspec No.: 8247532

184 Computer analsis of transient and steady statesin a transformer with nonlinear magnetic circuit

Author(s): B. Baron (Affiliation: Instytut Elektrotech.Teoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland), J. KrychJournal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.186, p.69-82 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper presents detailed analysis of transientand steady-state operation of a nonlinear transformer on abasis of equivalent circuit model. Simulation program iscomposed of program class called TTransformator1F, in whichall parameters of circuit model are stored as attributes in theprivate section of a class. The creation of state equations isalso a private method. Public section of the class includes thefollowing methods: solution of state equations in transientsand in steady-state, and determination of time harmonics ofsteady-state waveforms (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248909

185 Characteristics of model windings of high-TCsuperconducting transformer for railway rolling stockAuthor(s): H. Kamijo, H. Hata, H. Fujimoto (Affiliation: RailwayTech. Res. Inst., Tokyo, Japan), T. Bohno, K. Sakaki, H.Yamada, M. Iwakuma, K. FunakiConference: Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. InternationalCryogenic Materials Conference - ICMC, Anchorage, AK, USAConference Date: 22-26 Sept. 2003 Sponsor(s): Argonne Nat.Lab.; Cryofab Inc.; Cryomagnetics Inc.; Cryomech Inc.; FermiNat. Accelerator Lab.; Oak Ridge Nat. Lab.; Sci. InstrumentsInc.; U.S. Dept. of Energy Journal: AIP Conf. Proc. (USA),no.711, pt.2, p.871-8 (2004) Publisher: AIP, USA Language:English ISSN: 0094-243XDocument type: Conference paper in journalAbstract: We investigated the possibility of applying high-TCsuperconducting traction transformer to a rolling stock. Inorder to achieve a lightweight design, the traction transformerneeds to have a special winding structure unlike theexperimental high-TC superconducting power transformersfabricated so far. The windings of the traction transformerneed to be arranged as closely as possible in a high magneticfield. Then, we fabricated two high-TC superconducting coilsthat simulated the winding of a high-TC superconductingtraction transformer. One is a multi-layer solenoid coil thatsimulated the primary winding of the transformer. This coil hasfive layers of a single Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox (Bi2223)superconducting tape. The other is a close solenoid coil thatsimulated the secondary winding of the transformer. This coilhas one layer of eight parallel Bi2223 superconducting tapes.In this study, we measured the voltage-current, AC loss,current sharing and over current characteristics of these coilscooled by saturated and subcooled liquid nitrogen (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8247295

6.6 Power Convertors and Power Supplies toApparatus

186 Clarification and measurements of highfrequency harmonic resonance by a voltage sourcedconverterAuthor(s): K. Temma (Affiliation: Mitsubishi Electr. Corp.,Kobe, Japan), F. Ishiguro, N. Toki, I. Iyoda, J.J. PaserbaJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.450-7 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN:0885-8977, Full text

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Document type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper presents the clarification andmeasurements of a high-order harmonic resonancephenomenon for voltage sourced converters. When a voltagesourced converter is connected to a power system through acable, there is a possibility that small, high frequency,harmonic voltages due to the converter are magnified byseries and parallel resonances. The cause of the high-orderharmonic resonance is investigated and clarified in this paperby analysis using EMTP. It is shown that this high frequencyphenomenon can be strongly attenuated and will not causeany problems in a field installation if measures are taken apriori to avoid its impacts. Additionally, the phenomenon isverified by field tests of an actual installation showing thathigh-order harmonic resonance can occur and is a practicalmatter to be dealt with. The measurements for the resonancephenomenon are included in this paper. Furthermore, it isshown that this high-order harmonic resonance can bepredicted by power system analysis in advance. Theprocedure of the analysis is investigated and presented here(14 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250552

187 Optimization-enabled electromagnetic transientsimulationAuthor(s): A.M. Gole, S. Filizadeh, R.W. Menzies (Affiliation:Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg,Man., Canada), P.L. WilsonJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.512-18 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: Electromagnetic transient simulation programs(EMTP-type programs) are powerful tools for the study of awide range of power system transient problems. This paperintroduces a novel tool in which an emtp-type programbecomes the objective function evaluator for a nonlinearoptimization algorithm. In this approach, the nonlinearoptimization program is given control to perform severalconsecutive runs with a view to minimize (or maximize) thedesired objective function, which is computed from the resultsof each simulation run. Since the optimization algorithmstrategically selects the parameters for the emtp run, theoverall design process is orders of magnitude faster than thatpossible from sequential or random (Monte-Carlo-type)multiple-runs of the EMTP-type program. The paper discussesthe mechanics of the interface as well as design of objectivefunctions. The power of the proposed method is demonstratedthrough two examples for the design of power-electronicconverters (8 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250560

188 Closure on "Direct harmonic analysis of thevoltage source converter"Author(s): P. LehnJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.539(Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN:0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: For original article by P. Lehn see ibid., vol.18, no.3,p.1034-42, July 2003 and for discussion by A. Mariscotti seeibid., vol.20, no.1, p.539, January 2005Inspec No.: 8250572

189 Discussion of "Direct harmonic analysis of thevoltage source converter"Author(s): A. Mariscotti (Affiliation: Dipt. di Ingegneria, GenovaUniv., Italy)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.539(Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN:0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: For original article by P. Lehn see ibid., vol.18, no.3,p.1034-42, July 2003 (5 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250573

190 Flexible and low cost design for a flyback AC/DCconverter with harmonic current correctionAuthor(s): Hsing-Fu Liu, Lon-Kou Chang (Affiliation: Electr. &Control Eng. Dept., Nat. Chiao-Tung Univ., Hsingchu, Taiwan)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1,p.17-24 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8993, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: This study presents a new simple flyback ac/dcconverter with harmonic current correction and fast outputvoltage regulation. In the proposed ac/dc converter, an extrawinding wound in the transformer provides two keyadvantages. The size of the bulk inductor used in theconventional boost-based power factor correction cell can besignificantly reduced in the proposed converter. The voltageacross bulk capacitor can be held under 450V by tuning thetransformer winding ratio even though the converter operatesin a wide range of input voltages (90 V~265V/ac). This newconverter complies with IEC 61000-3-2 under the load rangeof 200 W, and can achieve fast output voltage regulation (10refs.)Inspec No.: 8250578

191 Flyboost power factor correction cell and a newfamily of single-stage AC/DC convertersAuthor(s): Shiguo Luo (Affiliation: Dell Comput. Corp., RoundRock, TX, USA), Weihong Qiu, Wenkai Wu, I. BatarsehJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1,p.25-34 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8993, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: A novel power factor correction (PFC) cell, calledflyboost, is presented. The proposed PFC cell combinespower conversion characteristics of conventional flyback andboost converters. Based on the flyboost PFC cell, a newfamily of single-stage (S2) ac/dc converters can be derived.Prominent features of newly derived S 2 converters include:three power conversions, i.e., boost, flyback, and anotherisolated dc/dc power conversions are simultaneously realizedthat typically uses only one power switch and one simplecontroller; part of the power delivered to the load is processedonly once; bulk capacitor voltage can be clamped to thedesired level; and capable of operating under continuouscurrent mode. Experimental results on example convertersverify that while still achieving high power factor and tightoutput regulation, the flyboost PFC cell substantially improvethe efficiency of the converter (17 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250579

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192 Control loop design for two-stage DC-DCconverters with low voltage/high current outputAuthor(s): Julian Yan Zhu, B. Lehman (Affiliation: Dept. ofElectr. & Comput. Eng., Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA,USA)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1,p.44-55 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8993, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper presents a general analysis frameworkfor control loop design of two-stage converters. The resultsyield a thorough explanation of various loop designapproaches. A three-loop method to extend the systembandwidth is proposed. The new control design algorithm isapplied to a 48 V/3.3 V two-stage converter. Experimentsverify the effectiveness of the control loop design approach(21 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250581

193 A novel self-oscillating, boost-derived DC-DCconverter with load regulationAuthor(s): Feng-Yin Chen, Tsorng-Juu Liang, R.-L. Lin, Jiann-Fuh Chen (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Nat. Cheng KungUniv., Tainan, Taiwan)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1,p.65-74 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8993, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper proposes a novel self-oscillating, boost-derived (SOBD) dc-dc converter with load regulation. Thisproposed topology utilizes saturable cores (SCs) to offer self-oscillating and output regulation capabilities. Conventionally,the self-oscillating dc transformer (SODT) type of scheme canbe implemented in a very cost-effective manner. The ideal dctransformer provides both input and output currents as pure,ripple-free dc quantities. However, the structure of an SODT-type converter will not provide regulation, and its oscillatingfrequency will change in accordance with the load. Theproposed converter with SCs will allow output-voltageregulation to be accomplished by varying only the controlcurrent between the transformers, as occurs in a pulse-widthmodulation (PWM) converter. A control network that combinesPWM schemes with a regenerative function is used for thisconverter. The optimum duty cycle is implemented to achievelow levels of input- and output-current ripples, which arecharacteristic of an ideal dc transformer. The oscillatingfrequency will spontaneously be kept near-constant,regardless of the load, without adding any auxiliary orcompensation circuits. The typical voltage waveforms of thetransistors are found to be close to quasisquare. Theswitching surges are well suppressed, and the voltage stressof the component is well clamped. The turn-on/turn-off of theswitch is zero-voltage switching (ZVS), and its resonanttransition can occur over a wide range of load current levels. Aprototype circuit of an SOBD converter shows 86% efficiencyat 48-V input, with 12-V, 100-W output, and presents anoperating frequency of 100 kHz (21 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250583

194 A new three-level soft-switched converterAuthor(s): Y. Jang, M.M. Jovanovic (Affiliation: PowerElectron. Lab., Delta Products Corp., Res. Triangle Park, NC,USA)

Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1,p.75-81 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8993, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: A three-level, constant-frequency, isolated converterwhich employs a coupled inductor to achieve zero-voltageswitching of the primary switches in the entire line and loadrange is described. Because the coupled inductor does notappear as a series inductance in the load current path, it doesnot cause a loss of duty cycle or severe voltage ringing acrossthe output rectifiers. The operation and performance of theproposed converter was verified on a 1-kW prototype (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250584

195 Optimal pulse-width modulation for three-levelinvertersAuthor(s): T. Bruckner (Affiliation: Inst. of Energy & Autom.,Technische Univ. Berlin, Germany), D.G. HolmesJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1,p.82-9 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8993, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: The three-level neutral-point-clamped voltage sourceinverter is widely used in high power, medium voltageapplications. This paper studies continuous and discontinuouspulse-width modulation for this inverter. Detailed analysis ofdiscontinuous modulation shows that the average switchingfrequency is not directly proportional to the carrier or samplingfrequency, since additional switching transitions occurbetween different regions of discontinuity. At typical switchingfrequencies for high power applications (up to 2 kHz) theseadditional transitions contribute significantly to the inverter'stotal losses, so that a proper comparison of the harmonicperformance can only be carried out under constant lossconditions with varying carrier frequency. This comparison isperformed for a typical industrial medium voltage inverter. Thepaper then considers the major issues of neutral-point voltagebalancing and loss distribution within the inverter, for theidentified optimal modulation schemes (18 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250585

196 Implementation and control of distributed PWMcascaded multilevel inverters with minimal harmonicdistortion and common-mode voltageAuthor(s): Poh Chiang Loh (Affiliation: Center for Adv. PowerElectron., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore), D.G. Holmes,T.A. LipoJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1,p.90-9 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8993, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: Cascaded multilevel inverters can be implementedthrough the series connection of single-phase modular powerbridges. This paper presents details on how these bridgesshould be implemented and operated to synchronize theirpulse-width-modulation (PWM) carriers, fundamentalreferences and sampling instances to implement a network-controlled cascaded inverter with distributed PWMcomputation and overall optimal system performance. Thepaper begins by detailing the development and control of anintegrated power bridge, designed with its own digital signalprocessor and associated control circuitry. Details describingthe networked control algorithm and signal protocol needed forsynchronizing the multiple power bridges through a

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dynamically fast data communication network, are thenpresented to achieve optimum harmonic cancellation andreduced common-mode voltage. The practicality andperformance of the presented modular implementationconcepts have been confirmed through the close matchbetween simulation and experimental results obtained using amodular cascaded five-level inverter prototype (12 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250586

197 Naturally sampled triangle carrier PWMbandwidth limit and output spectrumAuthor(s): I. Deslauriers (Affiliation: Telecommun. & SignalProcess. Group, McGill Univ., Montreal, Que., Canada), N.Avdiu, Boon Teck OoiJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1,p.100-6 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8993, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper first presents a general theory predictingharmonic components in naturally sampled pulse-widthmodulation (PWM) output signals, so that any input signal witha Fourier series representation may be handled. This theoryprovides a basis for the mathematical analysis of PWMsystems, such as converters transmitting a main signal and abroadband of feedback or feedforward signals, or Class Damplifiers. Ultimately, the results of this theory are applied totwo concrete problems, and conditions similar to the Nyquisttheorem or Carson's rule for FM modulation are derived for thecases of recovery of an input signal consisting of a main signaland a bandwidth of small feedback or feedforward signals anda bandlimited signal consisting of several harmonics ofcomparable magnitude. A rule of thumb, and conservativeestimate of the bandwidth in both cases is one third of thecarrier frequency (ωupper<(1/3)ωc). This research has beenbased on the premise that the results obtained will providevaluable insight into the general behavior of PWM systems,and provide a supporting theory for concrete systems utilizingsignals of this kind, such as PWM converters whose purposeis to ensure a dominant sinusoidal waveform along with abroadband frequency channel for small feedback signals (16refs.)Inspec No.: 8250587

198 Control implementation of a five-leg AC-ACconverter to supply a three-phase induction machineAuthor(s): A. Bouscayrol, B. Francois, P. Delarue (Affiliation:Lab. of Electr. Eng., Univ. de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France),J. NiiranenJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1,p.107-15 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language:English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: A fault-tolerant ac-ac converter capable of supplyinga three-phase induction machine from the grid with an unitarypower factor has been proposed. With one faulted converterleg, two of the remaining five legs are connected to the grid,two legs are connected to the machine, and a common leg isshared by the grid and the machine. The previously developedcontrol strategy required a too great computation time forpractical implementation. In this paper, a new control strategyis suggested for this power converter. It enables an easiercontrol implementation. Experimental results are provided (20refs.)Inspec No.: 8250588

199 A novel random PWM technique with lowcomputational overhead and constant samplingfrequency for high-volume, low-cost applicationsAuthor(s): A.M. Trzynadlowski, K. Borisov, Yuan Li, Ling Qin(Affiliation: Electr. Eng. Dept., Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV,USA)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1,p.116-22 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language:English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: A novel random pulse-width modulation (PWM)technique for three-phase voltage-source inverters,characterized by low computational overhead, a variableswitching frequency, and a constant sampling frequency, ispresented. The technique is based on two strategies: 1) theso-called arithmetic PWM (APWM), which yields the sameswitching patterns as the classic space-vector modulation, butwith minimal computational effort and 2) randomization ofswitching periods by varying the delay of switching cycles withrespect to corresponding sampling cycles. Simplicity of thetechnique, named a variable-delay random PWM (VDRPWM)method, allows its implementation in cheap, low-endprocessors. It makes the VDRPWM the best choice for high-volume, low-cost applications, such as domestic andautomotive ac drives and UPSs. The random aspect of thetechnique has a mitigating effect on the acoustic andelectromagnetic noise emitted by the supplied system. Thisfeature has been confirmed by experiments with a 40-hpinduction motor drive (14 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250589

200 Effects of imbalances and nonlinear loads on thevoltage balance of a neutral-point-clamped inverterAuthor(s): J. Pou (Affiliation: Dept. of Electron. Eng., Tech.Univ. of Catalonia, Spain), D. Boroyevich, R. PindadoJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1,p.123-31 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language:English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: The effects of linear imbalances and nonlinear loadson the voltage balance of the neutral-point-clamped converterare described in this paper. The study reveals that a negativesequence of output currents (linear imbalance) may produceadditional low-frequency oscillations to the neutral-pointvoltage. Similar consequences are produced by odd-ordercurrent harmonics from a nonlinear load, while even-orderharmonics can cause the neutral-point voltage to shift.Furthermore, the second, fourth, and eighth output currentharmonics might produce instability to the neutral-pointvoltage. The second and fourth harmonics are the worstcomponents. The maximum amplitudes of these harmonicssuperposed to the current fundamentals that the system cantolerate are described. Simulated and experimental examplesare presented (9 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250590

201 A simple method for suppression of resonanceoscillation in PWM current source converterAuthor(s): Y. Neba (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., FukuokaUniv., Japan)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1,p.132-9 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8993, Full textDocument type: Journal article

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Abstract: This paper deals with a suppression method for theresonance oscillation in the ac side of a pulse-widthmodulation (PWM) current source converter. The converter isoperated with the PWM switching pattern which is generatedby the full digital control of computer software. The resonancecurrent, caused by the LC low pass filter at the step change ofthe pattern, can be effectively suppressed by one pulsecontrol of the pattern. The proposed method does not need tohave the feedback loop of the current/voltage and does notoffer the switching stress of the devices. The switching timingof the control is determined by pre-calculation of the off-line inconsideration of the circuit constants. The experimental andthe simulated results in the single-phase and the three-phasePWM converters are given, compared with those without thecontrol, and show good response of the supply current (16refs.)Inspec No.: 8250591

202 Predictive digital control of power factorpreregulators with input voltage estimation usingdisturbance observersAuthor(s): P. Mattavelli (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr., Univ. ofUdine, Italy), G. Spiazzi, P. TentiJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1,p.140-7 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8993, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: The paper presents a fully digital control of single-phase boost power factor preregulators (PFPs) based oninductor (or switch) current and output voltage measurements.Input voltage sensing is avoided using a disturbance observer,which provides a waveform proportional to the rectified inputvoltage. The proposed solution is based on a multiloopstructure for PFPs with an internal deadbeat current controland a conventional outer voltage control, possibly with fastdynamic response. The resulting control algorithm is simple,accurate, and robust with respect to parameter mismatch. Thedigital control has been implemented both in a fieldprogrammable gate array and in a digital signal processor(TMS320F2812), to test the proposed algorithm with differentcontrol delays. Experimental results on a single-phase boostPFPs show the effectiveness of the proposed solution (14refs.)Inspec No.: 8250592

203 Power factor correction using a series activefilterAuthor(s): Zhiguo Pan, F.Z. Peng, Suilin Wang (Affiliation:Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Michigan State Univ., EastLansing, MI, USA)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1,p.148-53 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language:English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper presents a low-cost approach to powerfactor correction (PFC) of single-phase diode rectifiers using aseries active filter. Comparing with the traditional PFC, theproposed PFC has lower requirements of power deviceratings, which leads to lower cost, higher efficiency, and lowerelectromagnetic interference. It also can eliminate the bulkyinductor needed in the traditional PFC. The topology,operation principle, and application issues of the proposedPFC are analyzed in this paper. The control strategy isdiscussed in detail and simulation results are provided. A 1-

kW prototype is built up and the experimental results arepresented to verify the analysis (5 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250593

204 A 1φ3W inverter with grid connection and activepower filtering based on nonlinear programming andfast-zero-phase detection algorithmAuthor(s): Tsai-Fu Wu, Chih-Lung Shen, Hung-Shou Nein,Guang-Feng Li (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Nat. ChungCheng Univ., Chia-Yi, Taiwan)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1,p.218-26 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language:English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper presents design and implementation of asingle-phase three-wire (1φ3W) inverter with grid connectionand active power filtering which is based on nonlinearprogramming and fast-zero-phase detection (FZPD) algorithm.The proposed inverter system can transmit photovoltaicpower, compensate harmonic currents, supply reactive power,and balance power at source side even when the line voltagesare highly distorted. Simulated and experimental results haveverified the FZPD algorithm and demonstrated that when thevoltage sources are highly distorted, the proposed invertersystem can yield better power quality over that withconventional zero-crossing-detection algorithm (18 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250601

205 Flexible multiobjective control of power converterin active hybrid fuel cell/battery power sourcesAuthor(s): Zhenhua Jiang, Lijun Gao, R.A. Dougal (Affiliation:Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC,USA)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1,p.244-53 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language:English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: Hybrid power sources composed of fuel cells andsecondary batteries can combine the high energy density offuel cells with the high power density of batteries. A dc/dcpower converter can be placed between the fuel cell and thebattery to balance the power flow and greatly augment thepeak output power. This paper presents a novel, flexiblestrategy for multiobjective control of the power converter in thehybrid power source. The control strategy is able to regulatethe output current of the fuel cell and the charging current orvoltage of the battery while limiting the discharging current ofthe battery. It can be used in two different configurationswithout any change. The control strategy is implemented inMATLAB/Simulink and tested by simulation and experiments.Simulation and experimental results show that themultiobjective control strategy is able to select the regulationmode correctly and the fuel cell current, battery current andbattery voltage are regulated appropriately. Experiment resultsdemonstrate the great flexibility and generality of the controlstrategy and validate that the peak power capacity of theactive hybrid power source is increased significantly.Simulation and experiment results also show that powerconverter can be appropriately regulated to meet the multipleobjectives required by hybrid power sources (17 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250604

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206 Power converter based method for suppressingpower capacitor harmonic currentAuthor(s): J.-C. Wu (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., KuanShan Univ. of Technol., Tainan, Taiwan), H.-L. Jou, K.-D. Wu,Y.-T. Kuo, Y.-J. ChangJournal: IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib. (UK), vol.151,no.3, p.341-6 (15 May 2004) Publisher: IEE, UK Language:English ISSN: 1350-2360, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: The damage to power capacitors caused byharmonic pollution was very serious in recent years due to thewide spread of power electronic related, nonlinear loads. Theviolent failure of power capacitors may result in powerinterruption and even accidents in industry. In this paper, anovel converter based protection method is proposed forprotecting the power capacitor from harmonic damage. Apower converter, serially connected to the power capacitor, isused to generate the harmonic components of utility voltage inthe proposed method. Hence, the harmonic voltage across thepower capacitor is cancelled. It means that the voltagedropped in the power capacitor will be maintained assinusoidal, despite the waveform distortion of the utilityvoltage; the current flowing through the power capacitor isthen also sinusoidal. Therefore, the power capacitor will not bedamaged by the harmonic. A prototype is developed andtested to verify the performance of the proposed method. Thetest results show that the proposed method has the expectedperformance (14 refs.)Inspec No.: 8247522

207 Multi-level voltage reinjection - a new concept inhigh voltage source conversionAuthor(s): Y.H. Liu, J. Arrillaga, N.R. Watson (Affiliation: Dept.of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Canterbury, Christchurch,New Zealand)Journal: IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib. (UK), vol.151,no.3, p.290-8 (15 May 2004) Publisher: IEE, UK Language:English ISSN: 1350-2360, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: A voltage source converter is proposed, in which themulti-step output voltage waveform is achieved by thereinjection of different DC voltage levels via the commonneutral point of the converter bridges. The number of clampingswitches are substantially reduced, permitting the use ofhigher level numbers to achieve very low distortion without theassistance of PWM. The reinjection concept causes thevoltage across the main bridges to vary in step waveforms andthe commutations in the main valves to occur at zero voltage,with considerably reduced dynamic voltage stress andswitching losses (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8247526

208 Soft-switching inverter based on variable-frequency control of absorber power deviceAuthor(s): Xiao Lan, Li Qi-ming, Yan Yang-guang (Affiliation:Aero-Power Sci-Tech Center, Nanjing Univ. of Aeronaut. &Astronaut., China)Journal: J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut. (China), vol.36,no.5, p.569-73 (Oct. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Dept. J.Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. & Astronaut, China Language:Chinese ISSN: 1005-2615Document type: Journal articleAbstract: A resonant DC link soft-switching inverter iscomposed of resonant DC converter and full-bridge inverter.

The resonant DC link outputs a DC pulse voltage, thusproviding zero-voltage-switching condition for power devicesin inverter bridge. Compared with the hard-switching inverter,the current pulsation of output filter inductor and the voltagestress of power devices in the inverter bridge are raisedbecause of the DC pulse voltage. For this reason, this paperproposes a novel variable-frequency control strategy ofabsorber power device for forward DC link soft-switchinginverter. The control logic is given. The operational modes ofinverter are analyzed and experimental results are presented.Performance contrasts under constant-frequency andvariable-frequency control of absorber power device areanalyzed by simulation. This control strategy is benefitable forreducing the voltage stress of power devices in inverter bridgeand improving the efficiency of inverter. The power devicesrealize zero-voltage-switching as before (9 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248182

209 Interaction analysis between DC/DC converterand inverterAuthor(s): Zhu Cheng-hua, Shi Jian-jiang, Yan Yang-guang(Affiliation: Aero-Power Sci-Tech Center, Nanjing Univ. ofAeronaut. & Astronaut., China)Journal: J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut. (China), vol.36,no.5, p.574-8 (Oct. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Dept. J. NanjingUniv. Aeronaut. & Astronaut, China Language: Chinese ISSN:1005-2615Document type: Journal articleAbstract: When an inverter is operated from a DC/DCconverter, the possibility exists on undesirable interactionsbetween DC/DC converter and inverter. Consequently, toensure the effective operation of the entire power system, theinteractions are analyzed. DC/DC converter output voltagecontains plentiful low-frequency ripple caused by the nonlinearinverter load. In reverse, the ripple causes bad step loadresponse: inverter output voltage is distorted and dynamicperformance is degraded. Two kinds of inductor currentoperate mode of DC/DC converter with the inverter load areproposed i. e. quick race mode and average trace mode.Under condition that the capacitor on the input port of theinverter is unchanged, the quick trace mode is propitious tominish DC/DC converter output voltage ripple and to improvedynamic performance of the inverter. Finally, experimentalresults prove the accuracy of theoretical analysis confirms (8refs.)Inspec No.: 8248183

210 Fast algorithm for space vector PWM in threephase power factor correction applicationsAuthor(s): Fang Yu, Xing Yan (Affiliation: Aero-Power Sci-Tech Center, Nanjing Univ. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut., China)Journal: J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut. (China), vol.36,no.5, p.579-83 (Oct. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Dept. J.Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. & Astronaut, China Language:Chinese ISSN: 1005-2615Document type: Journal articleAbstract: A novel algorithm for space vector pulse widthmodulation in three phase power factor correction applicationsis proposed. Time durations for the active vectors formed bythe sector containing the desired reference voltage vector aredirectly calculated by matrix pre-decomposing, without lookingup sinusoidal and tangential tables, based on TMS320F240.Therefore running speed and control precise of the programcan be improved. As a result the switching frequency and

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power density of the rectifier are increased. A new method fordetecting the sector is given. Finally simulation andexperimental results are given to verify the algorithm (8 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248184

211 Research on the cascaded inverter with voltageand current instantaneous controlAuthor(s): Xie Shao-jun, Chen Wan (Affiliation: Coll. of Autom.Eng., Nanjing Univ. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut., China)Journal: J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut. (China), vol.36,no.5, p.589-94 (Oct. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Dept. J.Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. & Astronaut, China Language:Chinese ISSN: 1005-2615Document type: Journal articleAbstract: A cascaded inverter based on frequency-doublingcarrier phase shifted SPWM (CPS-SPWM) and instantaneouscontrol technology is studied. By adopting frequency-doublingtechnology, the equivalent switching frequency of the inverteris increased and the volume of filter can be reduced.Instantaneous control technology can quicken the dynamicresponse and improve the adaptive capability under nonlinearload conditions. The output characteristic of the inverter canbe prominently improved by adopting capacitor-currentfeedback in the current loop. Simulation and experimentalresults validate that the cascaded inverter based oninstantaneous control has good static and dynamiccharacteristics (7 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248186

212 Isolated interleaving two-transistor forward boostconverterAuthor(s): Liang Yong-chun, Yan Yang-guang (Affiliation:Aero-Power Sci-Tech Center, Nanjing Univ. of Aeronaut. &Astronaut., China)Journal: J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut. (China), vol.36,no.5, p.600-5 (Oct. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Dept. J. NanjingUniv. Aeronaut. & Astronaut, China Language: Chinese ISSN:1005-2615Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The isolated boost converter is attractive inapplications such as single stage power factor correction withisolation requirement and bi-directional DC/DC converters. Anovel isolated interleaving two-transistor forward boostconverter is proposed based on the inherent limitations ofisolated push-pull boost converter and isolated full-bridgeboost converter. This converter has less switch voltage stress,and has no transformer saturation. In all switches, zerowattage switching can be obtained which can apparentlyimprove the power density. Its operating principle and workingprocess are described. At last, a 500 W prototype is built andtested to verify the characteristic of the converter (8 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248188

213 Interleaved two-transistor forward converter withzero voltage switching (ZVS)Author(s): Wang Hui-zhen, Zhou Ping-sen (Affiliation: Aero-Power Sci-Tech Center, Nanjing Univ. of Aeronaut. &Astronaut., China)Journal: J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut. (China), vol.36,no.5, p.610-14 (Oct. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Dept. J.Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. & Astronaut, China Language:Chinese ISSN: 1005-2615Document type: Journal article

Abstract: An interleaved two-transistor forward converter withthe zero voltage switching (ZVS) is presented. This converterretains the advantages of two-transistor forward converter,such as low switch voltage stress, high reliability, and has onlytwo camping diodes in comparison with the conventionalinterleaved two-transistor forward converter. Moreover theconverter achieves ZVS of the active switches and eliminatesthe voltage overshoot of the output rectifying diodes. Theoperational principle, the output characteristics and thecondition of ZVS turn-on of the switches are illustrated. Andthe effectiveness of the given converter topology is verified bya 2 kW prototype. Finally, experimental results are given (7refs.)Inspec No.: 8248190

214 Stability analysis and design of two-stage powerfactor correction (PFC) converter with wide outputvoltage rangeAuthor(s): Mu Xin-hua, Wang Jun (Affiliation: Aero-Power Sci-Tech Center, Nanjing Univ. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut., China)Journal: J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut. (China), vol.36,no.5, p.615-18 (Oct. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Dept. J.Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. & Astronaut, China Language:Chinese ISSN: 1005-2615Document type: Journal articleAbstract: Because the output voltage of boost converters ishigher than the input, the popular single-stage boost PFC oneis not satisfactory to the wide output voltage range. To makethe output voltage be variable, the two-stage PFC circuit isconsidered to be a reasonable topology. Since the severenonlinear nature introduced by switch power electronicsdevices, the interactions between two modules and thestability of the whole system must be investigated. This paperanalyzes the output impedance of the front-end converter andinput impedance of the second converter according to theoutput voltage and loads, and designs the parameter ofvoltage feedback loop, thus guaranteeing the stability withdesired gain and phase margin. A 1 kW prototype is built withwide output voltage range (150-360 V) and the designingcorrectness is verified by an experiment (11 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248191

215 Contrast and analysis of the results computed by2-D magnetohydrodynamics code MFCG III andexperiment resultsAuthor(s): Wang Yu-zhi, Wang Gui-rong, Dong Zhi-wei, ZhaoQiang (Affiliation: Inst. of Appl. Phys. & Comput. Math.,Beijing, China)Journal: High Power Laser Part. Beams (China), vol.16, no.10,p.1307-12 (Oct. 2004) Publisher: Nucl. Soc. China, ChinaLanguage: Chinese ISSN: 1001-4322Document type: Journal articleAbstract: In this paper, computational code MFCG III of theexplosive magnetic field compression generator (MFCG) aredeveloped based on the analytic formulas of magnetic field,stream function and induced current for the process of chargeand compression. Under the same conditions, computationalresults obtained by 2-D MFCG III code coincide with resultsobtained by experiment. Therefore, the design optimizationcan be achieve by MFCG IE for MFCG tests and theconcerned physical problems can be analyzed and explainedby MFCG III in MFCG tests (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248271

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216 Random modulation algorithms implementationr-IPDM for control of class DU series resonant inverterAuthor(s): T. Biskup, M. Kasprzak, K. Bodzek (Affiliation:Instytut Elektrotechniki Teoretycznej i Przemyslowej,Przemysl, Poland)Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.192, p.19-28 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The work concerns the control strategy of outputpower of half bridge class D series resonant inverter. Theproposed control strategy is based on integral pulse densitymodulation (IPDM) but what is new, the integral pulse israndomly set in modulation period. The r-IPDM ensures ZCSconditions of transistors and allows operation at relatively highswitching frequency with output power in range 15-100%. Themain idea of this paper is to emphasize advantages of r-IPDMstrategy compared to standard IPDM. The r-IPDM ischaracterised in spread output current spectrum andbroadband noise spectrum. The paper contains the idea of thecontrol strategy and results of measurements (14 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248867

217 Maps of operation of class D, DE, E inverterswith variable load parametersAuthor(s): Z. Kaczmarczyk (Affiliation: Instytut ElektrotechnikiTeoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland)Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.192, p.75-84 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The influence of load parameters L, R on operationmodes of class D, DE and E inverters is presented andconsidered in this paper. It is made on the basis of the planeof relative parameters (R/Ropt, L/Lopt) for fixed values ofcapacitances and a finite quality factor Q of the inverters.Operating frequency and switch duty ratio are also taken intoaccount. Some simulation results for selected points from theplane of relative parameters (R/Ropt , L/Lopt) are given as anillustration (9 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248872

218 Class DE, 8 MHz resonant inverter withsinusoidal gate driver of MOSFETAuthor(s): M. Kasprzak (Affiliation: Instytut ElektrotechnikiTeoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland)Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.192, p.85-90 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The work concerns the class DE resonant inverterwith the sinusoidal gate driver of MOSFET's. The sinusoidaldriver is based on a Class D inverter supplying two gate drivetransformers. The class DE 8 MHz/200 W inverter is based onIRF740LC low charge MOSFETs. Class D driving inverter isbased on solid RF driver DEIC420 type. The paper containsschema of the inverter, laboratory measurements and SPICEsimulation results. In the optimum commutation mode the 88%efficiency of inverter was obtained. Positive results oflaboratory measurements allows to design a similar 1 kW/16MHz inverter based on RF dedicated MOSFET (12 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248873

219 Power losses at switching devices of five-leveldiode-clamped inverterAuthor(s): M. Zygmanowski, T. Biskup (Affiliation: InstytutElektrotechniki Teoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl,Poland), C. Buhrer, B. Grzesik, J. Krijgsman, J. Michalak, S.PaskoJournal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.192, p.131-42 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: Power losses at switching devices of five-leveldiode-clamped inverter are the subject of the paper. Thecontrol with elimination of fifth harmonic in output voltage isanalyzed. There is three-phase inductive load of the inverter.Power losses are presented as a function of modulation index.Power losses of each switching device as well as total powerlosses are given in the paper (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248878

220 Random integral pulse density modulation-control strategy for class D and DE resonant invertersAuthor(s): T. Biskup, M. Kasprzak, S. Gorka (Affiliation: Inst. ofTech. & Ind. Electr. Eng., Poland)Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.187, p.17-24 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: English ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The work concerns the control strategy of outputpower of half bridge class D (DE) series resonant inverter. Thecontrol is realised inside the inverter. The proposed controlstrategy is based on integral pulse density modulation (IPDM)but what is new, the integral pulse is randomly set inmodulation period. The r-IPDM ensures ZCS conditions oftransistors and allows operation at relatively high switchingfrequency. The main idea of this paper is to emphasizeadvantages of r-IPDM strategy compared to standard IPDM.The r-IPDM characterised in spread output current spectrumand broadband noise spectrum. The paper contains the ideaof the control strategy and results of measurements: inverteroutput voltages and current, output power control, Fourieranalysis of the output current, noise spectrum. The controlsystem bases on Hitachi H8/3048 16-bit microcontroller. It isconcluded that the half bridge series resonant invertertogether with the proposed r-IPDM control strategy isattractive solution for e.g. high frequency induction heatingapplications (13 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248897

221 800 W, 16 MHz laboratory class E inverterAuthor(s): Z. Kaczmarczyk, B. Grzesik (Affiliation: Inst. ofTheor. & Ind. Electr. Eng., Poland)Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.187, p.71-8 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: English ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The paper describes the design and performance ofa high-efficient, 800 W, 16 MHz class E inverter without anexternal shunt capacitor. The inverter is built employing a DE-SERIES MOSFET and a gate driver from Directed Energy,Inc. (DEI). Inverter design and inverter performancecharacteristics are presented and compared to the resultsobtained from SPICE simulation. A slightly differentconfiguration, class EF inverter, is analysed as an example of

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possibility for improvement of the class E inverter performance(12 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248902

222 Application of space vector theory in three phasepulse converterAuthor(s): Hu Bing, Tao Sheng-gui, Kang Jin-song (Affiliation:Dept. of Electr. Eng., Tongji Univ., Shanghai, China)Journal: J. Tongji Univ., Nat. Sci. (China), vol.32, no.7, p.952-5 (July 2004) Publisher: Tongji Univ, China Language: EnglishISSN: 0253-374XDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: The space vector theory is applied to a three-phasepulse converter, thus to simplify the computation on a largeextent. In this article, by introducing the rotation axisconversion and state space description into the converter, twokinds of model structures are presented, and then simulatedbased on Matlab/Simulink. By analyzing the result of thesimulation, the lined model approaches to the result of theprecise model as well as the practical one, thus simplifying thesimulation model (3 refs.)Inspec No.: 8249107

223 The mathematic model of transient over-voltagefor thyristor-converter and the design of parameters forits protective circuitAuthor(s): Liu Yan-ping, Wang Bao-zhu (Affiliation: Sch. of Inf.Eng., Hebei Univ. of Technol., Tianjin, China), Li Zhi-junJournal: J. Hebei Univ. Technol. (China), vol.33, no.5, p.64-8(2004) Publisher: Hebei University of Technology, ChinaLanguage: Chinese ISSN: 1007-2373Document type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper analyses the causes of transient over-voltage for thyristor-converter and schemes of protection,establish the model of transient over-voltage for thyristor. Italso provides the method of choosing the parameters ofprotective circuit to deal with commutation spike and gives anexample in detail (4 refs.)Inspec No.: 8249655

224 Development of energy-saving digitalmultifunctional devices (copier) AR-266 seriesAuthor(s): Y. Maitani, S. Maehara, T. Makiura, Y. NishimotoJournal: Sharp Tech. J. (Japan), no.89, p.67-70 (Aug. 2004)Publisher: Sharp Co, Japan Language: Japanese ISSN: 0285-0362Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The present series of digital multifunctional devices(copier) AR-266 has the unique power-supply system withtwo-converters and a newly developed data-receptionmonitoring IC. The latter senses the data-reception for printer/facsimile and the status of operation to control the mainpower-supply. This IC, supplied by one of the converters,disabling the main power-supply in stand-by mode contributeto 80% of energy saving. Besides, we employed a thinheating-roller system to realize a instantaneous heating forfixation and achieved a 3.6 times increase in energy-consumption efficiency as compared with our previousmodels. Thus we achieved the highest efficiency in thepresent series both in stand-by mode and in operation modesInspec No.: 8249743

225 An example of intelligent power-supply designAuthor(s): K. Curtis (Affiliation: Microchip Technol., Chandler,AZ, USA)Journal: Power Electron. Technol. (USA), vol.30, no.9, p.28-33(Sept. 2004) Publisher: Intertec Publishing, USA Language:English ISSN: 1523-4908Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The design of a 24 V to 5 V DC-DC buck regulator ispresented in this paper. The design of buck regulator wasbroken into two section: (i) power chain and (ii)microcontroller. The power chain was based on the Texasinstrument UC3847 chip. The microcontroller had to be able tocontrol the output voltage of the power chain. Another issue inpower-supply design is reliability, which is also discussed inthis paperInspec No.: 8249749

226 Overpower compensation for current-modesuppliesAuthor(s): C. Basso (Affiliation: ON Semicond., Toulouse,France )Journal: Power Electron. Technol. (USA), vol.30, no.9, p.76-7(Sept. 2004) Publisher: Intertec Publishing, USA Language:English ISSN: 1523-4908Document type: Journal articleAbstract: A current-mode power supply works by observingthe peak current circulating in an inductance. The operatingprinciple of current-mode PWM converter and the effect of thepropagation delay is discussed in this paperInspec No.: 8249752

227 A ZVZCS PWM TL converter using auxiliarynetwork in transformer secondary sideAuthor(s): Wu Sheng-hua, Wu Bao-fang, Quan jian-zhou,Zhong Yan-ping, Yao Guo-shun (Affiliation: Air Force RadarAcad., Wuhan, China)Journal: Proc. CSEE (China), vol.24, no.9, p.177-81 (Sept.2004) Publisher: Chinese Soc. Electr. Eng, China Language:Chinese ISSN: 0258-8013Document type: Journal articleAbstract: A novel zero-voltage and zero-current-switching(ZVZCS) PWM three-level converter is proposed, whichintroduces an auxiliary winding in transformer secondary side.The voltage of auxiliary winding provides ZCS, condition forlagging switches. The problem that soft switching of laggingswitches is difficult to be achieved at light load is resolved verywell in the new circuit topology and voltage stress of powerdevices is reduced when input voltage is high. An auxiliarycircuit includes neither loss component nor active switches.This new converter has many advantages such as simplecircuit topology, high efficiency and low cost make it attractivefor high capacity power and high voltage applications. Theoperation principle during each period of time is analyzed,design considerations and experimental results are presented(4 kW prototype of converter) (5 refs.)Inspec No.: 8251537

228 Experimental evaluation of the influence ofmodern MOSFET devices on the phase node ringing inVRM power convertersAuthor(s): S. Musumeci, R. Pagano, A. Raciti, G. Belverde, C.Guastella, M. Melito (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Syst.Eng., Catania Univ., Italy)

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Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, LatviaConference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS;FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUSElektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/18-25 Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: The paper deals with the impact of the lastgeneration MOSFETs on the ringing phenomenon occurringon the phase-node of a buck converter, which is utilized asvoltage regulator module (VRM). In particular, the presentpaper deals with the behavior of the converter with referenceto the low-side MOSFET switch. In fact, the impact of thedevice behavior has been analyzed in order to betterunderstand the effects on the voltage transient of the phase-node. The influence of the electrical parameters that concernthis topic, such as the gate equivalent impedance and theboard layout influence, has been investigated in an actualbuck converter. Moreover, aiming to individuate a goodsolution to limit the parasitic transient, two different choices ofthe low-side switch have been realized by implementing atrench-MOSFET and a strip-layout MOSFET. Finally, the maintheoretical and experimental results are analyzed anddiscussed (7 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254049

229 Preventive technical maintainance of PWM andcyclo type power convertersAuthor(s): A. Gasparyan (Affiliation: Dept. of Marine Electr.Autom., Latvian Maritime Acad., Riga, Latvia), G. Lauza, V.UzarsConference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, LatviaConference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS;FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUSElektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/60-3 Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: The parameter concept of safety of powersemiconductor devices is offered considering the exceedingcertain rationed values of a particular informative parameteras a failure. The results of experimental data as well asstatistical analyses are presented in the paper. Statisticalmodels of parameter drift and the forecast of rationed valuesof informative parameters are offered as the basis forpreventive technical maintenance (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254055

230 High voltage turn-off valves design principlesAuthor(s): V.I. Galanov, M.K. Gurevich, Y.A. Shershnev(Affiliation: High Voltage Direct Current Power TransmissionRes. Inst., St. Petersburg, Russia)Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, LatviaConference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS;FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUSElektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/64-5 Vol.2

Document type: Conference paperAbstract: Today the significant part of equipment for FACTSand power motor drives are based on series connected turn-off power semiconductor devices (IGCT or IGBT). The similarand the difference between high voltage turn-off valve (HVTV)based on IGCTs or IGBTs are considered, such as air or liquidcooling option, snubber configuration, acceptable length ofsemiconductor stack and specific features of drivers for HVTV(4 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254056

231 Analyzing of the MOSFET turn-offAuthor(s): O. Tezak, D. Dolinar, M. Milanovic (Affiliation: Fac.of Electr. Eng., Maribor Univ., Slovenia)Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, LatviaConference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS;FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUSElektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/71-5 Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: Presented is the analysis and the design of the turn-off snubber circuits for low power DC-DC converters realizedwith MOSFETs. The appropriate usage of the snubber circuitcan increase the power range of the low-power DC-DCconverters available as integrated circuit. The evaluation ofsnubber circuit is based on experimental results. The powertransistor dissipation can be 30% lower in the case that theefficiency of converter not changes. Benefits, drawbacks andlimits of the proposed approach are detailed and studied (6refs.)Inspec No.: 8254058

232 Planar controlled-leakage-inductancetransformer with magnetic shunt application in resonantAC/DC converterAuthor(s): V. Leonavicius (Affiliation: Nat. Microelectron. Res.Centre, Cork, Ireland), M. Duffy, S.C. O MathunaConference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, LatviaConference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS;FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUSElektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/87-94 Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: The design of a planar controlled-leakage-inductance transformer for a resonant converter application ispresented. Transformer leakage inductance between looselycoupled primary and secondary windings is controlled bymeans of a magnetic shunt inserted between two planar Ecore halves. This magnetic component combines the functionsof a resonant inductor and a transformer, and is investigatedin an AC/DC converter with a series resonant topology. Theelectrical performance and power losses of the new integratedcomponent are compared with a discrete planar magneticsrealization. A comparison of commercial magnetic materialsthat are suitable for use in the magnetic shunt is given, whichemphasizes their impact on total component losses (24 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254061

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233 Pulse rectifier current-type is friendly to EMCAuthor(s): P. Hlisnikovsky, P. Chlebis (Affiliation: Dept. ofPower Electron. & Electr. Drives, Tech. Univ. of Ostrava,Czech Republic)Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, LatviaConference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS;FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUSElektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/118-22 Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: This document deals with the three-phase pulserectifier current-type as a modern controlled rectifier, which issuitable for speed control of DC motors or as an input unit ofindirect frequency converters current-type, because its lowemissions of harmonics to network, controlled power factor,quick reaction on control changes and excellent regulation ofthe output rectified current. There is a comparison of theconverter with usual phase-controlled thyristor rectifier. Themodulation method of the rectifier, the vector pulse widthmodulation, is also described in the contribution as well asother parts of the control like synchronization with the supplyvoltage and the power factor of the converter. The measuredresults on realized physical models are enclosed at the end ofthe contribution (8 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254064

234 A simplified control for inverters in paralleloperationAuthor(s): Lan Xiao, Lei Huang (Affiliation: Coll. of Autom.Eng., Nanjing Univ. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut., China)Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, LatviaConference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS;FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUSElektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/123-7 Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: The control strategy that regulates the phase and theamplitude of the output voltage according to output activepower and reactive power respectively is adopted generally ininverter parallel techniques. However, active power andreactive power are related to both voltage amplitude andvoltage phase. This paper deduces the output impedance ofthe inverter and discusses the relationship between activepower, reactive power and amplitude and phase of outputvoltage. The decouple control strategy can be realized throughcircuit parameters design. The influence of component'stolerance on output voltage is discussed. Then a simplifiedload-sharing control strategy based on phase-synchronizationand amplitude-regulation of reference voltage is proposed andthe model of parallel system is established. Performance of aparallel system is analyzed and experimental results are given(5 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254065

235 A new control technique for DC-DC convertersoperating in discontinuous conduction mode

Author(s): M. Ferdowsi, A. Emadi, M. Telefus (Affiliation:Grainger Power Electron. & Motor Drives Lab., Illinois Inst. ofTechnol., Chicago, IL, USA), C. DavisConference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, LatviaConference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS;FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUSElektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/133-8 Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: Pulse regulation, a fixed frequency controltechnique, is introduced and applied to buck, boost and buck-boost converters operating in discontinuous conduction mode(DCM). The control parameters are designed in a way that theconverter operates as close as possible to the criticalconduction mode. In contrast to the conventional pulse widthmodulation (PWM) control scheme, the principal idea of pulseregulation is to achieve output voltage regulation using highand low power pulses. Pulse regulation is simple, costeffective, and enjoys a fast dynamic response. In this paper,main mathematical concept of the new control algorithm isintroduced and simulations as well as experimental results arepresented (4 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254067

236 Improving perturbation rejection of VSC'sconnected to the grid through an LCL-filterAuthor(s): E.J. Bueno, F. Espinosa, F.J. Rodriguez, S.Cobreces (Affiliation: Dept. of Electron., Alcala Univ., Madrid,Spain)Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, LatviaConference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS;FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUSElektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/139-48 Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: The aim of this paper is to propose a solution set toimprove the converter behaviour for the system perturbations.A current controller of VSCs connected to the grid through anLCL-filter is presented. The proposed algorithm controls thegrid current using only two sensor sets. Other variables areobtained with a state estimator, and the possible disturbancesof the system are attenuated with active damping. Besides,other algorithms complementary to the current controller arepresented. The control algorithms have been tested bysimulation for different disturbances, such as temporalvariations in the components of the model and perturbations inthe grid, and also with linear and nonlinear models of theconverter (17 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254068

237 SEPP-ZVS high frequency inverter incorporatingan auxiliary switch for induction heating applicationsAuthor(s): H. Ogiwara, T. Sugai, M. Itoi (Affiliation: Dept. ofElectr. & Electron. Eng., Ashikaga Inst. of Technol., Japan), M.NakaokaConference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, LatviaConference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS;

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FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUSElektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/149-54 Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: This paper presents a novel circuit topology to attainZVS operation of a high frequency inverter over a wideregulation range of its output power for induction heatingapplications. It is performed by connecting an auxiliary switchto the conventional single ended push-pull (SEPP) highfrequency inverter, A switching current is introduced into themain switches via the auxiliary switch for its ZVS operationonly during the short interval between its turn-on and off times(2 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254069

238 PWM boost type converter connected to the gridAuthor(s): M. Odavic (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Machines,Drives & Autom., Zagreb Univ., Croatia), S. Sladic, Z.JakopovicConference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, LatviaConference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS;FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUSElektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/167-72 Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: This paper analyses impact of a boost three-phasePWM voltage source converter to the grid. By proper controlstrategy, it can be achieved unity power factor and nearlysinusoidal currents on the AC side of a converter. This type ofa converter can operate as a rectifier as well as an inverterdepending of the connected load. The active and reactivepower can be fully controlled by controlling the magnitude andphase of converter voltage on the AC side of a converter. Toachieve all of these benefits, a PWM boost type convertermust operate in an advanced closed control loop. Voltageoriented control (VOC) with inner current control loop isimplemented on DSpace platform and the whole algorithm ismodelled in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Results with symmetricalSPWM modulator are presented (9 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254071

239 Control characteristics of a buck converter with ahysteretic PWM controllerAuthor(s): T. Nabeshima, T. Sato (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. &Electron., Oita Univ., Japan), S. Yoshida, S. Chiba, K. OndaConference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, LatviaConference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS;FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUSElektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/173-9 Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: This paper presents control characteristics of a buckconverter with a hysteretic PWM controller consists only of acomparator having a hysteresis. By the examinations of thedynamic characteristics of the converter both in the timedomain and the frequency domain, the relationship between

the dynamic performance and the time constant of the RCnetwork connected to the inductor are clarified. In addition, asimple compensation circuit to improve the steady-state errorand the settling time of the transient responses is proposedwithout employing any active devices (9 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254072

240 Advanced control principle of single phasevoltage source inverterAuthor(s): Yonghua Cheng, P. Lataire (Affiliation: TW-ETEC,Vrije Univ., Brussels, Belgium)Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, LatviaConference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS;FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUSElektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/186-90 Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: The main concerns in the integrated applications ofthe fundamental components control and harmonicscompensation are that a good operation condition and a fastresponse of the inverter should be ensured. The idea of singlephase measurements to complex vector conversion has beencarried out which easily sets up a linearised model of thenonlinear system in an unbalanced power system. The controlprinciple of single phase dual coupled VSI (voltage sourceinverter) was based on this idea and the function of harmonicscompensation was integrated in it. Our prototype system hadquick response in the experiment of dynamic voltagerestoration on the weak distribution networks. High costefficiency and high power quality can be achieved (10 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254074

241 Autodisturbance rejection control and itsapplication to DC-DC convertersAuthor(s): Li Qiao, Wu Jie (Affiliation: ASTEC Lab., SouthChina Univ. of Technol., Guangzhou, China)Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, LatviaConference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS;FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUSElektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/191-4 Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: A new type of nonlinear PID control method-auto-disturbance rejection control (ADRC) applied in DC-DCconverter is proposed in this paper. The control theory and thestructure of ADRC are presented, the simulation andexperimental results of its control effects when applied tobuck-boost DC-DC converter are also given. By preciseMATLAB simulations and experiment with the parametersperturbation of buck-boost model and the extraneousdisturbance, it proves that ADRC controller can result in goodeffects such as strong robustness, stability and adaptabilitywhen applied to the DC-DC converters. ADRC not onlyovercomes the disadvantages of the conventional PID, butalso remains its advantages of the simple structure and strongrobustness. It is demonstrated that ADRC is an effective

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control method and it has a promising future in the control fornonlinear system and unstable plant (8 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254075

242 Three phase active power filter based on neuralnetwork of current controlled voltage source inverterAuthor(s): E.E. El-Kholy, A. El-Sabbe, A. El-Hefnawy(Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Menoufia Univ., Egypt), H.M.MharousConference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, LatviaConference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS;FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUSElektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/204-10 Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: This paper presents a shunt active power filter tocompensate reactive power and reduce the unwantedharmonics. A shunt active filter is realized employing three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) bridge with common DCbus capacitor. The shunt active filter acts as a current source,which is connected in parallel with a nonlinear load andcontrolled to generate the required compensation currents.Two different proposed control methods for determining thereference compensating currents of the three-phase shuntactive power filters based on proportional-integral (PI)controller and artificial neural network (ANN) are presented.Current controller based on modified hysteresis currentcontroller is used to generate the firing pulses. The proposedsystem is implemented using a high speed digital signalprocessor (DSP). Experimental and simulation results withdifferent nonlinear loads are presented to confirm the validityof the proposed technique (16 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254077

243 A new single-phase multilevel modulator - a fastand accurate method to compute the modulatorharmonic spectraAuthor(s): S. Mariethoz, A. Rufer (Affiliation: Lab.d'Electronique Industrielle, Ecole Polytechnique Federale deLausanne, Switzerland)Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, LatviaConference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS;FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUSElektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/211-17 Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: In the first part, a fast and accurate method tocompute the harmonic spectra of PWM modulators ispresented. This method allows to compute all measurementsbased on the harmonics values such as the THD or FWTHD.It is especially advantageous for multilevel modulators. In thesecond part a new modulation method that achieves verygood performances for the single-phase multilevel inverters ispresented. Finally, several modulation methods are comparedwith the proposed measurement tool (8 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254078

244 The investigation of PWM rectifier controlmethodAuthor(s): Wang Hui, Chen Jihua, Huang Shoudao, WangYaonan (Affiliation: Coll. of Electr. & Inf. Eng., Hunan Univ.,China)Editor(s): Z.WangConference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 673-5Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: In general, power electric device is fed by AC/DCrectifier rather than by direct DC source and the inherentdefault of the rectifier has more bad influence on the powernetwork. As a result, the PWM-rectifier has been paid moreand more attention for unity input power factor, greatlyreduced input line current harmonic distortion and bidirectionalpower flow capability. The paper present the topology of themain circuit, deduce the math model both in a-b-c and a - βreference frame, propose the direct current control scheme,get the current and voltage waveform and analyze the result ofsimulation which is processed by SIMULINK software on thebase of math model (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254084

245 A novel three-level SVPWM algorithmconsidering neutral-point control, narrow-pulseelimination and dead-time compensationAuthor(s): Shun Jin, Yanru Zhong (Affiliation: Inst. of PowerElectron., Xi'an Technol. Univ., China)Editor(s): Z.WangConference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 688-93Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: This paper introduced a simple but effective three-level SVPWM algorithm. On the basis of this algorithm, asimple neutral-point balancing and narrow-pulse eliminationalgorithm without current sensor is proposed, and dead time iscompensated in the algorithm also. The result of test verifiedthat this algorithm is simple to be carried out, harmonics inoutput waveform are small, neutral-point potential can becontrolled very well and narrow-pulse problem is solved aswell. Because dead time is compensated at the same time,the output waveform is improved and output torque isstrengthened at low frequency. Finally, good result wasachieved on a three-level model inverter developed withTMS320LF2407 DSP (4 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254087

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246 Analysis of naturally sampled space vectormodulation PWM in overmodulation regionAuthor(s): Wang Cong, Lu Qiwei (Affiliation: Dept. of Inf. &Electr. Eng., China Univ. of Min. & Technol., Beijing, China)Editor(s): Z.WangConference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 694-8Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: In this paper, an analysis algorithm for the naturallysampled SVPWM in over-modulation region is presented, thecomparison between naturally sampled SVPWM andconventional SVPWM in overmodulation region is carried out.The results of analysis and simulation prove that naturallysampled SVPWM could be used not only in undermodulationbut also in overmodulation region. The work performed by thispaper shows a promising use of the naturally sampledSVPWM. The obviously advantage is that it could beimplemented by using DSP with only simplified computationand short time of on line calculation, or just by using analogcircuits without the help of microprocessor at all. All the workperformed by this paper provide a platform for theimplementation of naturally sampled SVPWM operating inboth undermodulation and overmodulation region (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254088

247 The study of microcomputer adaptive controlsystem of controlled rectifier deviceAuthor(s): Liu Dicheng, Wang Qing, Zou Jiangfeng, Li Zhi(Affiliation: Dept. of Power Eng., Wuhan Univ., China)Editor(s): Z.WangConference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 704-7Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: Conventional PID controllers perform poorly whenapplied to nonlinear system with delay and non-time-varying.A new kind of self-adjusting PID controller based on poleconfiguration and optimum long-term prediction is present inthis paper. It was shown that this kind of controller has goodreal-time controlling static and dynamic performance when it isapplied to rectifier device. It can automatically trace thevariation of the load's running condition and network structure.Also it has good anti-interference performance and robustness(4 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254089

248 Duty-cycle-regulation based PWM control of five-level flying-capacitor inverter

Author(s): Yan Gangui (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Northeast China Inst. of Electr. Power Eng., Changchun,China), Liu Wenhua, Chen Yuanhua, Wang Yucheng, LiJunhuiEditor(s): Z.WangConference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 788-92Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: Controlling voltage balancing of flying-capacitormultilevel inverter is very important for safe operation. Duty-cycle-regulation based PWM control is proposed, which cansuppress capacitor voltage shifts caused by asymmetry ofinverter installation such as delay mismatch of triggeringpulses, and can also balance voltage distribution of capacitorswhen supply voltage increases abruptly in about two periodsof carrier signal. Furthermore, it has good harmonic propertieseven during transients. In order to improve the controlperformance, current-predictive model is established to detectzero-crossing point of load current. The efficiency and validityof the method is demonstrated by simulation results (8 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254100

249 A novel single-phase 5-level asymmetric inverterAuthor(s): Ding Kai, Zou Yun-ping, Cai Zheng-ying, Wu Zhi-chao, Liu Fei, Xu Xiang-lian (Affiliation: Huazhong Univ. of Sci.& Technol., Wuhan, China)Editor(s): Z.WangConference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 793-8Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: In this paper, a novel asymmetric 5-level inverter isdeveloped in which a half-bridge diode-clamp inverter and aconventional half-bridge inverter are connected to a commonsplit-capacitor power supply. Analysis of a control techniquefor the inverter, which incorporates square-wave synthesis inconjunction with unipolar triangle carried-based PWM method,is included. Under the proposed control technique, the newconfiguration permits faster devices and high voltage devicesoperating in synergism. Comparison with three other single-phase 5-level inverters is presented in this paper. In order toverify the proposed approach, a single-phase 5-levelasymmetric inverter was constructed and experimental resultsare provided (13 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254101

250 Operation of a medium-voltage drive under faultyconditions

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Author(s): J. Rodriguez, J. Pontt, R. Musalem (Affiliation:Dept. of Electron. Eng., Universidad Federico Santa Maria,Valparaiso, Chile), P. HammondEditor(s): Z.WangConference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 799-803Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: This paper presents a method for operatingcascaded multilevel inverters when one or more power cellsare damaged. The method is based on the use of additionalswitches in the power circuit to bypass the faulty cell. Tocontrol the cells, the angle of phase shifting in the carriersignals is modified according to the number of operating cells,to minimize the load voltage distortion, when the inverteroperates in failure mode. The reference signals of the PWMmodulators are also modified to increase the output voltage.Simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness ofthis method, which significantly increases the reliability of thedrive (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254102

251 Voltage control and THD optimization for diode-clamped multilevel converter/inverterAuthor(s): Zhiguo Pan, F.Z. Peng (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. &Comput. Eng., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI, USA),Zhaoming QianEditor(s): Z.WangConference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 804-9Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: This paper presents a new voltage balancing theoryfor the diode-clamped multilevel converter/inverter system. Acomplete analysis of the voltage balance theory based on a 5-level back-to-back converter is given. The analysis is basedon fundamental frequency switching control and thenextended to PWM control, which can extremely lower theharmonic components of the voltage. Simulation andexperimental results show the validity of the control theory (5refs.)Inspec No.: 8254103

252 Research on the power supply of the ozonizerbased on a novel control strategyAuthor(s): Huang Yushui (Affiliation: Coll. of Inf. Eng.,Nanchang Univ., China), Wang Liqiao, Lin Ping, ZhangZhongchaoEditor(s): Z.Wang

Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 822-6Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: The load of DBD (dielectric barrier discharge) typeozonizer is of the capacitive characteristic, and its totalequivalent capacitance becomes high gradually with theincreasing of the voltage provided for the load. A highfrequency power supply based on a closed-loop controlstrategy is presented in this paper. It is a kind of frequencytraced control based on the output current of the inverter. Thefeatures of the control strategy are analyzed. The inverterbased on the control strategy has the advantages of simplestructure, small variation range of the working frequency andlow switching losses. All analyses are confirmed byexperimental results (4 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254105

253 Operation, control technique of parallelconnected high power three-phase invertersAuthor(s): XiKun Chen, Yong Kang, Jian Chen (Affiliation:Acad. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Huazhong Univ. of Sci. &Technol., Wuhan, China)Editor(s): Z.WangConference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 956-9Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: This paper presents a new control technique, whichimplement N+1 redundant parallel operation for three-phaseinverter modules. Experiments are presented to verify thetheoretical discussion with four three-phase 40 kVA invertermodules. As a result, this scheme can achieve excellentcharacteristics both in steady states and in transient states (8refs.)Inspec No.: 8254106

254 Three-phase series-parallel double conversionUPS with power quality conditioning characteristicsAuthor(s): Pengcheng Zhu, Xun Li, Yong Kang, Jian Chen(Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Huazhong Univ.of Sci. & Technol., Wuhan, China)Editor(s): Z.WangConference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.

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No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 960-4Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: The paper analyzed in detail the operation principle,mathematical modes and distinct control manner usingsynchronous reference frame (SRF) of a three-phase series-parallel double conversion UPS system. The proposed controlstrategy can make this kind of UPS carry out all of the controlgoals: sinusoidal input current with unit power factor andsinusoidal output voltage with normal value in the case of non-sinusoidal, non-normal supply voltage and non-linear load withreactive power (4 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254107

255 Novel control strategy for parallel operation ofUPS systemAuthor(s): W.C. Lee (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Hankyong Nat. Univ., South Korea), S.H. Lee, K.H. Kim, D.S.HyunEditor(s): Z.WangConference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 983-8Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: A parallel operation system of multiple UPS is usedto increase power capacity of the system or to secure higherreliability at critical loads. In the parallel operation of UPSinverters, the load-sharing control to maintain the currentbalance between them is a matter of consequence. Because aUPS has low output impedance and quick responsecharacteristics, in case of an unbalanced load inverter outputcurrent changes very rapidly and thereby couldinstantaneously reach an overload condition. In this paper, ahighly precise load-sharing controller is proposed andimplemented for the parallel operation system of two UPSs.After that, a good performance of the proposed method isverified by simulation in the parallel operation system with twoUPS inverters (11 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254108

256 Study of emergency power supply usinginduction generator with flywheelAuthor(s): N. Kimura, K. Taniguchi (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr.& Electron. Syst., Osaka Inst. of Technol., Japan), H. Morita,K. TaniguchiEditor(s): Z.WangConference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 989-94Vol.2

Document type: Conference paperAbstract: An emergency power supply (EPS) using aninduction generator with a fly-wheel energy storage isinvestigated. Two different exciting systems for the woundedrotor winding have been investigated. The principles of theoperation and experimental results are shown. The results ofstart-up and steady state condition indicate that the inverterrating is reduced fairly (3 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254109

257 Design and analysis of SISO fuzzy logiccontroller for power electronic convertersAuthor(s): K. Viswanathan (Affiliation: Dept. of ECE, Nat. Univ.of Singapore, Singapore), D. Srinivasan, R. OrugantiConference: 2004 IEEE International Conference on FuzzySystems, Budapest, Hungary Conference Date: 25-29 July2004 Publication: 2004 IEEE International Conference onFuzzy Systems (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37542) Publisher: IEEE,USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8353 2 Page:1293-8 vol.3Document type: Conference paperAbstract: Power converters are non-linear systems thatusually employ linear controllers designed to offer good smallsignal performance at the nominal operating point. Yet, theconverter's large-signal response is generally poor. Fuzzylogic controllers (FLCs) used in such cases improve theresponse, but their small-signal response is not as good asthat of linear controller. In this paper, design of a SISO-FLCthat offers good small and large-signal performance in a boostconverter is presented. Besides reducing control complexity,the FLC offers better transient response in the converter thanthe linear controller. Simulation results are presented to showthis. Using describing function method, the system stabilitymargins are also analyzed (11 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254421

258 Large-signal stability in high-order switchingconvertersAuthor(s): R. Leyva (Affiliation: Departament d'EnginyeriaElectron., Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain), I.Queinnec, S. Tarbouriech, C. Alonso, L. Martinez-SalameroConference: Proceedings of the 2004 American ControlConference, Boston, MA, USA Conference Date: 30 June-2July 2004 Sponsor(s): American Automatic Control Council;IFAC Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 American ControlConference Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: EnglishISBN: 0 7803 8335 4 Page: 59-64 vol.1Document type: Conference paperAbstract: This article presents the application of a newpassivity-based control law that stabilizes the output voltage ofa fourth-order DC-DC converter. This control law assureslarge-signal stability, provides zero steady-state error despiteuncertainty in converter parameters and has enough degree offreedom to satisfy the usual transient specifications. This newintegral control is derived in three steps. First, a static law isobtained. Second, a positive semi-definite storage function isstudied to guarantee zero steady-state error of the outputvoltage. Finally, the storage functions of the first two steps arecombined to derive the new control law for high order DC-DCconverters (15 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254664

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259 A nonlinear discrete-time observer for invertercontrolAuthor(s): N. Lechevin (Affiliation: Hydro-Quebec Res. Chairon Electr. Power & Energy, Quebec Univ., Trois-Rivieres,Que., Canada ), C.A. Rabbath, S. Lahaie, M. DostieConference: Proceedings of the 2004 American ControlConference, Boston, MA, USA Conference Date: 30 June-2July 2004 Sponsor(s): American Automatic Control Council;IFAC Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 American ControlConference Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: EnglishISBN: 0 7803 8335 4 Page: 162-7 vol.1Document type: Conference paperAbstract: A discrete-time high-gain observer is designed inorder to estimate the DC voltage of an inverter used as adynamic electric load emulator. Since the use of LMItechniques makes it possible to obtain a stable observer for arange of bounded duty ratio, the nonlinear-in-the-inputaverage model, which can be expressed as a linear parametervarying system, is formulated in polytopic form. A robustifiedversion is proposed when exogenous disturbances such ascurrent injection on DC side are present. The nonlinearobservers are then discretized, with the hold-equivalenttechnique, in order to achieve both numerical stability andaccuracy as the sampling rate is increased. Nonlinearobserver designs proposed in this paper are validated bymeans of numerical simulations that demonstrate the stabilityproperty and performance recovery of a typical state feedbackscheme by a high-gain observer-based output feedback (11refs.)Inspec No.: 8254682

260 Nonlinear control of buck-boost AC/DCconverters: output voltage regulation & power factorcorrectionAuthor(s): A. Abouloifa, F. Giri (Affiliation: GREYC, ISMRA,Caen, France )Conference: Proceedings of the 2004 American ControlConference, Boston, MA, USA Conference Date: 30 June-2July 2004 Sponsor(s): American Automatic Control Council;IFAC Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 American ControlConference Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: EnglishISBN: 0 7803 8335 4 Page: 168-73 vol.1Document type: Conference paperAbstract: We are considering the problem of controlling AC/DC switched power converters of the buck-boost type. Thecontrol objectives are twofold: (i) regulating the output voltageto a desired reference value, (ii) assuring a unitary powerfactor by enforcing the voltage and the current delivered bythe electric network to be in phase. The considered problem isdealt by designing a cascade-structure nonlinear controller.The inner loop of the latter regulates the active powerprovided by the network; it is built-up using the backsteppingdesign approach. The outer loop regulates the convertersquared output voltage using a PI regulator; such a simplesolution is made possible using adequate modeltransformations and loop operation mode separation. Thecontroller thus obtained is shown to achieve the controlobjectives and proves to be robust with respect to loadchanges (12 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254683

261 The horizon in predictive energy storage controlAuthor(s): B. de Jager (Affiliation: Dept. of Mech. Eng.,Technische Univ. Eindhoven, Netherlands)

Conference: Proceedings of the 2004 American ControlConference, Boston, MA, USA Conference Date: 30 June-2July 2004 Sponsor(s): American Automatic Control Council;IFAC Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 American ControlConference Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: EnglishISBN: 0 7803 8335 4 Page: 186-7 vol.1Document type: Conference paperAbstract: Energy saving storage control in power conversionsystems is considered. Savings are achieved by operating thepower converters in efficient operating points, meeting thedesired power output with an energy storage device.Predictions of the future desired output and conditions areused, with the largest gain for an infinite prediction horizon.This is not realistic predictions for the far future are unreliable.So, it is of interest to know the performance degradation dueto a finite horizon. This paper presents a guideline for thehorizon length, using an interpretation of the characteristics ofthe optimal solution for a stylized problem that can giveperformance close to the infinite horizon one. Characteristicsof the active constraints determine the desired horizon. Whenavoiding active constraints covering the full horizon, thehorizon can be reduced to the smallest possible one (4 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254686

262 Global stability analysis of DC-DC convertersusing sampled-data modelingAuthor(s): S. Almer, U. Jonsson, Chung-Yao Kao (Affiliation:Div. of Optimization & Syst. Theor., R. Inst. of Technol.,Stockholm, Sweden), J. MariConference: Proceedings of the 2004 American ControlConference, Boston, MA, USA Conference Date: 30 June-2July 2004 Sponsor(s): American Automatic Control Council;IFAC Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 American ControlConference Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: EnglishISBN: 0 7803 8335 4 Page: 4549-54 vol.5Document type: Conference paperAbstract: The paper presents stability analysis of a class ofpulse-width modulated (PWM) systems which incorporatesmany different DC-DC converters. Two types of pulse-widthmodulation (digital and analog control) are considered. Aprocedure is developed for systematic search for Lyapunovfunctions. The state space is partitioned in such a way thatstability is verified if a set of coupled linear matrix inequalities(LMIs) is feasible. Global stability is considered as well as thecomputation of local regions of attraction (12 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254743

6.7 Switchgear

263 Toward ultracompact pseudospark switchesAuthor(s): Chunqi Jiang, A. Kuthi, M.A. Gundersen (Affiliation:Dept. of Electr. Eng.-Electrophys., Univ. of SouthernCalifornia, Los Angeles, CA, USA)Journal: Appl. Phys. Lett. (USA), vol.86, no.2, p.24105-1-3 (10Jan. 2005) Publisher: AIP, USA Language: English ISSN:0003-6951, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: This letter reports studies of small pseudosparkswitches wherein the volume is reduced by one order ofmagnitude relative to the smallest previously reported versionsoperating with a peak current >1 kA. In preliminary testing, theswitch holds off >20 kV with a peak current >4 kA and a pulseduration of 150 ns. The switch was operated in an opticallytriggered mode (backlighted thyratron) with helium fill for >106

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discharges at 13.5 kV and 3.3 kA, with 0.5 mC transfer perpulse, at a repetition rate of 10 Hz without significant decay ofswitch performance. Preliminary observations indicate that thedevice operates in a superemissive cathode mode,demonstrating a pathway towards ultracompact superemissivecathode switches for repetitive pulsed power applications (17refs.)Inspec No.: 8247237

264 Improvement of ability for DC current interruptionby diverting circuitAuthor(s): A. Sugawara, T. Furuse, K. Itagaki (Affiliation: Dept.of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Niigata Univ., Japan), H.Samaulah, M. TakadaConference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, LatviaConference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS;FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUSElektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/49-52 Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: For interruption of DC circuit current using a smallrelay, characteristics of arc duration time for the relay contactsare measured. A diverting element is connected to parallelwith the relay contacts. As the diverting element, a PTC(Positive Temperature Coefficient Resistor) or a capacitor isused. It is desirable that the initial resistance of the PTC issmall and that the capacitor can sufficiently absorb the arccurrent. By parallel connecting a diverting element with a pairof relay contacts, it is possible that arc duration time betweenrelay contacts shortens (7 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254053

6.8 Substations

265 Who's watching the unattended substation[substation television system]Author(s): Yi Luo, Guangyu Tu (Affiliation: Coll. of Electr. &Electron. Eng., Huazhong Univ. of Sci. & Technol., China)Journal: IEEE Power Energy Mag. (USA), vol.3, no.1, p.59-66(Jan.-Feb. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 1540-7977Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The substation television system is a product of thecombination of security protecting technology with theautomation of electric power dispatch, the purpose of which isto enable a substation attended by a few people and capableof performing the functions of telemetry, telesignaling,telecontrol, and teleregulation to genuinely become anunattended one. In the construction of an unattendedsubstation, what a power company is most worried about iswhether the reliability of the primary and secondary equipmentcan satisfy the requirement for unattended operation.However, from the point of view of technological development,it is only natural for the first generation of the television systemto come into being, which is capable of monitoring all aspectsof the safe operation of an unattended substation whileworking in coordination with the existing energy managementsystem (EMS). This article is concerned with the structure andfunction of a new generation of television system and twocrucial techniques in its implementation, that is, the integratedtransmission of multiple media information and the remote

control over the unattended substation as well the prospectsfor the trend of the merger of the television system with theEMSInspec No.: 8251564

7.0 Power Utilisation and Applications

7.1 Drives

266 Design and performance comparisons of twomultidrive systems with unity power factorAuthor(s): Sangshin Kwak, H.A. Toliyat (Affiliation: Dept. ofElectr. Eng., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, USA)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.417-26 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: From economical aspects, the multidrive systemsare a promising application area for the converters, where thecost and size of the converters are shared by multiple inverter-motors. Given terminal constraints of unity power factor in gridline and independent multiple motor controls in output ports,two multidrive topologies are possible: one with single PWM-VSR feeding inverters through the common dc bus, and theother using a diode rectifier and an active power filter with itsown load. Despite several publications for two systems, thefeatures and advantages of the two systems have not beenclearly explained. This paper, in detail, presents the theoreticalanalyses and systematic comparisons of the two multidrivetopologies, from converter kilovolt-ampere ratings, dc-linkvoltage requirements, switch ratings, semiconductor losses,and reactive component designs point of views (17 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250548

267 Sensitivity of AC adjustable speed drives tovoltage sags and short interruptionsAuthor(s): S.Z. Djokic (Affiliation: Sch. of Electr. & Electron.Eng., Manchester Univ., UK), K. Stockman, J.V. Milanovic, J.J.M. Desmet, R. BelmansJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.494-505 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: EnglishISSN: 0885-8977, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper discusses the sensitivity of adjustablespeed drives (ASDs) to voltage sags and short interruptionson the basis of extensive test results. Existing standards andpreviously published work are critically reviewed, and adescription of test procedures needed for appropriateassessment of ASD sensitivity is presented. The followingtests were performed: sensitivity to rectangular three-phase,two-phase, and single-phase voltage sags with ideal andnonideal supply characteristics, as well as sensitivity tononrectangular-balanced three-phase voltage sags similar tothose caused by the starting of large motors. The results showthat although the behavior of this equipment has a rathercomplex pattern, a simple representation of ASD sensitivity tovarious types of voltage sags and short interruption can beestablished (35 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250558

268 Four-quadrant position sensorless control inSRM drives over the entire speed range

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Author(s): B. Fahimi (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. ofTexas, Arlington, TX, USA), A. Emadi, R.B. SepeJournal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1,p.154-63 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language:English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: Proper synchronization of the excitation with respectto the rotor position is essential in optimal control of switchedreluctance motor (SRM) drives. To avoid additional cost, size,and unreliability caused by the external position sensors,magnetic status of the SRM can be directly monitored todetect commutation instants. A one-to-one correspondencebetween magnetic status of the SRM and rotor positionremoves the need for an explicit access to the rotor position.In order to obtain a good precision over the entire speedrange, educated modifications on the structure of thesensorless strategy is necessary. This is due to the impact ofthe operational regions on dynamic behavior of the SRM. Inaddition, introduction of SRM technology to industrial anddomestic applications has raised the need for four-quadrantoperation of the SRM drives. The present paper introduces arange of strategies that are necessary to accommodate thisrequirement in a sensorless format. Our experimental findingsindicate that high-grade sensorless operation in a four-quadrant SRM drive is possible and can be integrated in avariety of applications (22 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250594

269 Novel resonant pole inverter for brushless DCmotor drive systemAuthor(s): Zhi Yang Pan, Fang Lin Luo (Affiliation: Sch. ofElectr. & Electron. Eng., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore,Singapore)Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1,p.173-81 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language:English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: The brushless dc motor (BDCM) has been widelyused in industrial applications because of its low inertia, fastresponse, high power density, high reliability, andmaintenance-free reputation. It is usually supplied by a hard-switching pulse width modulation inverter, which normallydisplays relative low efficiency since the power losses acrossthe switching devices are high. In order to reduce the losses,many soft switching inverters have been designed. However,these inverters have such disadvantages as high devicevoltage stress, large dc link voltage ripple, discrete pulsemodulation, and complex control scheme. This paperintroduces a novel resonant pole inverter, which is unique to aBDCM drive system, and is easy to implement. The inverterpossesses the advantages of low switching power loss, lowinductor power loss, low device voltage stress, and simplecontrol scheme. The operation principle of the inverter isanalyzed. Simulation and experimental results are proposed toverify the theoretical analysis (14 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250596

270 Low-cost drives can be an expensive alternativeAuthor(s): D. Smith (Affiliation: Fluke Corp., Everett, WA,USA )Journal: Electr. Constr. Maint. (USA), vol.103, no.9, p.34, 38,40-1 (Sept. 2004) Publisher: Intertec Publishing, USALanguage: English ISSN: 0013-4260Document type: Journal article

Abstract: This paper describes the variable speed drives thatreplaces the old low-horsepower electromechanical motorstarters. Drives-both big and small-can negatively affect thedistribution system and the motors themselves by introducingharmonics and reducing motor-drive capability. That's notnecessarily a problem for big drives that serve high-horsepower motors. Drives offer many advantages over motorstarter: they don't create inrush current or generate switchingtransients, they have high displacement power factors, andthey are less expensive. Harmonics filters will track theharmonic currents and generate an out-of-phase countercurrent to cancel the original harmonicInspec No.: 8248392

271 Influence of fuzzy adapted scaling factors on theperformance of a fuzzy logic controller based on anindirect vector control for induction motor driveAuthor(s): L. Mokrani, K. Kouzi (Affiliation: Electr. Eng. Dept.,Laghouat Univ., Algeria)Journal: J. Electr. Eng. (Slovakia), vol.55, no.7-8, p.188-94(2004) Publisher: Slovak Tech. Univ.; Slovak Acad. Sci,Slovakia Language: English ISSN: 1335-3632Document type: Journal articleAbstract: This work investigates a simple design of the scalingfactors fuzzy tuning procedure of a fuzzy logic controller (FLC)for speed regulation of an indirect field-oriented inductionmotor (IM). A simple but powerful fuzzy adaptation of the FLCthree scaling factors is proposed. This adaptation does notrequire the knowledge of the system model. The influence ofdifferent combinations of the FLC scaling factors fuzzy self-tuning on the performance control is investigated andillustrated by some simulation results at different dynamicoperating conditions such as sudden change in commandspeed, step change in load torque and some key parametersdeviation. The suggested controller can be applied to a largeclass of robotics and other mechanical systems (13 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248426

272 Nonlinear H∞-output regulation of drive systemswith backlashAuthor(s): L. Aguilar (Affiliation: CITEDI, IPN, San Diego, CA,USA ), Y. Orlov, J.C. Cadiou, R. MerzoukiEditor(s): F.AllgowerConference: 6th IFAC Symposium on Nonlinear ControlSystems (NOLCOS 2004), Stuttgart, Germany ConferenceDate: 1-3 Sept. 2004 Publication: 6th IFAC Symposium onNonlinear Control Systems (NOLCOS 2004) Publisher: Institutfur Systemtheorie, Germany, 2004 Language: English Page:1187-91 Vol.3Document type: Conference paperAbstract: Nonlinear H∞ control synthesis is extended to anoutput regulation problem for a drive system with backlash.The problem in question is to design a feedback controller soas to obtain the closed-loop system in which all trajectoriesare bounded and the load of the driver is regulated to adesired position while also attenuating the influence ofexternal disturbances. The motor position is assumed to bethe only measurement available for feedback. Performanceissues of the nonlinear H∞-output regulator are illustrated in asimulation study (13 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254015

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273 Inverter switching loss of sinusoidal-fieldpermanent magnet synchronous drive at differentcurrent control methodsAuthor(s): D. Bakos, I. Schmidt, K. Veszpremi (Affiliation:Dept. of Power Eng., Budapest Univ. of Technol. & Econ.,Hungary)Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, LatviaConference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS;FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUSElektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2-132 Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: The losses of an inverter-fed sinusoidal-fieldsynchronous servo drive at a given load and speed depend onthe improvement of the material and construction of themachine, the converter topology, the characteristics ofsemiconductor power switches, the drive control system andthe inverter control (modulation) algorithm. Significantcomponent of overall drive losses are the switching losses ofvoltage source inverters. Based on MATLAB-simulation resultthe switching losses of different inverter control methods arecompared in steady-state at different load torque and variousrotor speeds. Hysteresis, space vector, predictive currentcontrol and vector sliding mode control methods wereexamined, compared and simulated. It is shown that thecarrier based PWM control produces lower switching lossesthan other investigated control, but for higher speed thepredictive and the vector sliding mode control methodsapproach PWM switching losses. It also turns out thatswitching losses less depend on the load of the motor.According to an other investigation very similar results areknown for induction motor drives (8 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254066

274 Continuous synchronous pulsewidth modulationwith improved computing effectivenessAuthor(s): V. Oleschuk, V. Ermuratski (Affiliation: Power Eng.Inst., Acad. of Sci. of Moldova, Kishinev, Moldova), E.M.ChekhetConference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, LatviaConference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS;FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUSElektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/180-5 Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: This paper describes in details the basic peculiaritiesof a new method of feedforward synchronous pulsewidthmodulation (PWM) of three-phase voltage source inverters foradjustable speed AC drives. It is applied to a continuousscheme of voltage space vector modulation. Accuratetrigonometric algorithms of vector PWM have been analysed,and also compared with the algebraic ones based on linearapproximation of the typical function of durations of activeswitching states from their position inside the clock-intervals.To provide smooth shock-less pulses-ratio changing andquarter-wave symmetry of the voltage waveforms, specialsynchronising signals are formed on the boundaries of the 60°clock-intervals. The process of gradual transition fromcontinuous to discontinuous synchronous PWM at higher

value of the fundamental frequency has also been described.Special attention has been given to analysis and comparisonof computational effectiveness of the proposed algorithms ofsynchronised modulation (10 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254073

275 Induction motor drive using Sugeno-type fuzzylogicAuthor(s): L. Stepanec, P. Brandstetter (Affiliation: Dept. ofPower Electron. & Electr. Drives, VSB-Tech. Univ. of Ostrava,Czech Republic), P. Fedor, D. PerdukovaConference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, LatviaConference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS;FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUSElektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/199-203Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: In the paper there is shown basic difference betweenmost used fuzzy logic systems. It is also shown why aSugeno-type fuzzy system is preferred for directimplementation to DSP. This type of fuzzy logic is used invector-controlled induction motor drive as a part of artificialintelligence. There are three phases: development, simulationand DSP implementation which are discussed in this paper. Inthe first part of the paper there is briefly described differencebetween two main fuzzy logic systems. Next, there is adescription of used control structure. It was realized importantsimulations, which confirm the tightness of proposed structureand good behaviour of developed fuzzy controller. In the endpart of the paper, there are presented the control system withDSP TMS 320C40 and experimental results. There are alsopresented advantages of fuzzy logic and main features ofused method (9 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254076

276 SPWM strategy for an open-end windinginduction motor drive using two-level inverters withseparate DC suppliesAuthor(s): Liu Yongheng, Li Yongdong, Hou Xuan, SuPengsheng (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Tsinghua Univ.,Beijing, China)Editor(s): Z.WangConference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 636-9Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: An open-end winding induction motor drive using twoinverters with separate DC supplies is presented in this paper.A SPWM strategy with phase shift of the carriers is used. Thisstrategy can give the switching states of the two invertersspontaneously and symmetrically by comparing a sinusoidalwave and a triangular signal. Through the method of addingthe third harmonics in the fundamental wave, we can get full

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utilization of the DC link voltage as in space-vector PWM(SPWM) strategy (5 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254079

277 A novel on-line rotor resistance estimationmethod for vector controlled induction motor driveAuthor(s): Huang Bin, Qu Wenlong, Lu Haifeng (Affiliation:Dept. of Electr. Eng., Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China)Editor(s): Z.WangConference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 655-60Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: This paper proposed a new on-line rotor resistanceestimation method for the direct field oriented control of aninduction motor drive. MRAS method by using theinstantaneous reactive power (IRP) as models is utilized. Thisapproach is completely robust to the stator resistance'sthermal variation. Moreover, it doesn't use the pure integratorso that It has not the problems of the drift and the initialcondition. The principle of the estimation is studied. Thevalidity of this method is verified by simulation and experiment(9 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254083

278 Achievement of a 10 kV IMD system by 6 kVthree-level NPC inverter with IGCTs in seriesconnection applied in water worksAuthor(s): Qingguang Yu, Xiaoming Zhang, Wenhua Liu,Qiang Song (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Tsinghua Univ.,Beijing, China)Editor(s): Z.WangConference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 777-81Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: In this paper, a high power 10 kV IMD (inductionmotor drives) system supplied by a 6 kV three-level NPC(neutral point clamped) inverter with IGCTs (integrated gatecommutated thyristors) in series connection, which applied inwater works has been developed and achieved. The designedthree-level inverter system includes a 24 pulses rectifier, adiode NPC three-level medium voltage VSI (voltage sourceinverter). The three-level inverter operates with 2 IGCTs inseries connection in each cell with an output LC filter in orderto obtain a 6 kV high voltage output. Because of the highpower IMDS has 10 kV line voltage input, which must bechanged from a star connection to a delta connection to fit the6 kV output inverter. According to the PUMP load, a DSP(data signal processor) with FPGA (field programming gate

array) controller is adopted to fulfill an optimized constant V/Hz control strategy. The PWM-SHE (pulse width modulation-special harmonic elimination) pattern is presented to keep theinverter has sinusoidal output with minimal harmonics andminimal torque ripple. Achievement and control strategy of thedesigned system have been presented and discussed (7 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254098

279 Original benchmark for sensorless inductionmotor drives at low frequencies and validation of highgain observerAuthor(s): M. Ghanes, A. Girin, T. Saheb (Affiliation: EcoleCentrale de Nantes, Communications & Cybern. Res. Inst. ofNantes, France)Conference: Proceedings of the 2004 American ControlConference, Boston, MA, USA Conference Date: 30 June-2July 2004 Sponsor(s): American Automatic Control Council;IFAC Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 American ControlConference Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: EnglishISBN: 0 7803 8335 4 Page: 71-5 vol.1Document type: Conference paperAbstract: An original benchmark for the validation ofsensorless induction motor observers is proposed to evaluatethem particularly in the well-known case where the motor statecould be unobservable. Due to the complexity of observationat low frequencies (specifically on our benchmark) we presentan improvement of a high gain observer which has beentested and validated on the reference trajectories of thisbenchmark (13 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254666

280 Reducing the effect of load torque disturbancesin dual inertia systems with lost motionAuthor(s): P. Schmidt (Affiliation: Rockwell Autom.,Milwaukee, WI, USA), T. RehmConference: Proceedings of the 2004 American ControlConference, Boston, MA, USA Conference Date: 30 June-2July 2004 Sponsor(s): American Automatic Control Council;IFAC Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 American ControlConference Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: EnglishISBN: 0 7803 8335 4 Page: 710-15 vol.1Document type: Conference paperAbstract: Industrial motor drives and controllers are connectedto a variety of applications. Dual inertia systems with lostmotion are particularly hard to model and control. This paperdiscusses the utilization of acceleration feedback to reducethe effects of load torque disturbances and stabilize the plantoutput. Following theoretical analysis and simulations, twoexperimental test stands were utilized to demonstrate theeffectiveness of the solution (15 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254731

7.2 Transportation

281 Design of dual-output alternators with switched-mode rectificationAuthor(s): G. Hassan, D.J. Perreault, T.A. Keim (Affiliation:Lab. for Electromagn. & Electron. Syst., Massachusetts Inst.of Technol., Cambridge, MA, USA )Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1,p.164-72 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language:English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full textDocument type: Journal article

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Abstract: The push to introduce dual-voltage (42 V/14 V)automotive electrical systems necessitates power generationsolutions capable of supplying power to multiple outputs. Anumber of approaches for implementing dual-voltage electricalsystems have been proposed, but most suffer from severecost or performance limitations. This paper explores thedesign of alternators incorporating dual-output switched-moderectifiers (SMRs). The proposed approach enables the fullload-matched power capability of the alternator machine to beachieved, with power delivered to the two outputs in anydesired combination. SMR topologies for this application areintroduced. Alternator/SMR design guidelines are established,and appropriate control laws are derived. Simulation andexperimental results are presented that demonstrate thefeasibility and high performance of the approach (26 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250595

282 The connected carAuthor(s): C. Evans-PugheJournal: IEE Rev. (UK), vol.51, no.1, p.42-6 (Jan. 2005)Publisher: IEE, UK Language: English ISSN: 0953-5683Document type: Journal articleAbstract: Engineers are working to create ad hoc networksbased on assemblies of communicating vehicles. Thetheoretical and practical challenges are considerableInspec No.: 8251586

283 Predictive safety systemsAuthor(s): P.M. KnollJournal: MST News (Germany), no.6, p.12-14 (Dec. 2004)Publisher: VDI/VDE-Technologiezentrum Informationstechnik,Germany Language: EnglishDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: Some sensors that are designed to detect thevehicle environment are already being used. Ultrasonicparking aids meanwhile have high customer acceptance. ACC(adaptive cruise control) systems have been introduced in themarket recently. New sensors, mainly video cameras, arebeing developed at a rapid pace. Microsystems technologyplays an important role in the introduction of active safetysystems. The sensor technologies are manifold: ultrasonic,radar, lidar, and video sensors, they all help to obtain relevantand reliable data on the vehicle's surroundings. Sensortechnology and sensor data processing, sensor data fusionand appropriate algorithms for function development allow therealization of functions for accident avoidance and mitigation(2 refs.)Inspec No.: 8247520

284 The low power electric vehicle control structuresproperties simulation researchAuthor(s): J. Hetmanczyk (Affiliation: Instytut ElektrotechnikiTeoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland)Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.192, p.47-56 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The author compares control structures with current(torque) and velocity set input system, which are meant forcontrol of low power electric vehicles. For this construction thecontrol function is a result of both wheels rotational speedrelation. The author describes the control systems, methods ofoperation and differences between the presented control

structures. The simulation results in the form of the vehicletrajectories as well as the motor velocity and torquewaveforms obtained for analyzed control structures arepresented. The waveforms were used to compare andevaluate properties of presented structures. The research wasrealized with MATLAB-SIMULINK software (11 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248869

285 Research on performance of lock-up clutchbased on rotating speed testingAuthor(s): Cao Jin-hua, Zheng Hai-qi, Luan Jun-ying(Affiliation: Dept. of Guns Eng., Ordnance Eng. Coll., HebeiShijiazhuang, China)Journal: J. Hebei Univ. Technol. (China), vol.33, no.5, p.104-7(2004) Publisher: Hebei University of Technology, ChinaLanguage: Chinese ISSN: 1007-2373Document type: Journal articleAbstract: A new measure to solve this problem in performancetesting of clutches has been presented. The input and outputrotating speed of clutches in planetary steering gears wasmeasured, using the electromagnetism sensors andphotoelectric sensors. We can estimate the work performanceof clutches through analyzing the rotating speed in differentwork states (4 refs.)Inspec No.: 8249663

286 Adhesion control in railroad tractionAuthor(s): C. Gessl (Affiliation: Inst. of Autom. & Control,Vienna Univ. of Technol., Wien, Austria), M. Glasl, A.W. OveJournal: Elektrotech. Inf.tech. (Austria), vol.121, no.7-8, p.263-7 (2004) Publisher: Springer-Verlag, Austria Language:English ISSN: 0932-383XDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: This article presents a new approach to adhesioncontrol for railroad traction. Based on a combined torque andspeed observation the controller detects the actual adhesionutilization at the wheel and applies an adequate torquelimitation. Hence the traction unit optimally takes use of theavailable adhesion. No measurement of the absolute trainvelocity is needed. The effectiveness of the proposed methodhas been investigated by railroad tests with a subway electrictraction unit. The results and their good conformity withcomputer simulation are presented in detail (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8251614

287 Analysis of magnetic saturation FCL based onsystems of naval shipsAuthor(s): Liang Xu-dong (Affiliation: Naval Univ. of Eng.,Wuhan, China), Shi Xiong-wen, Ye Zhi-haoJournal: Relay (China), vol.32, no.12, p.32-5 (16 June 2004)Publisher: Relay Press, China Language: English ISSN: 1003-4897Document type: Journal articleAbstract: With the accretion of naval ships power systemcapacity, the amplitude of short circuit current increasesgreatly, consequently the disjuncting capacity of the presentswitch cannot fulfill the demand of short circuit protection.Therefore, the amplitude of short circuit current must belimited. The working principle of magnetic saturation FCL isdiscussed, and based on the theory of typical machinetransient analysis, the formula of calculating suitableinductance is obtained. The simulation model usingSimPowerSystems module of Simulink is established and the

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simulation analysis is carried out during short circuit when thesystem equipped with or without FCL. Simulation resultsaccord with the theoretical calculation ones, which proves thetheoretical analysis is believable (3 refs.)Inspec No.: 8251831

288 Modern aspects of route and train control inERTMS/ETCS ProjectsAuthor(s): A. Veider (Affiliation: Div. of Leiter des BereichsTransp. Solutions, Alcatel Austria AG, Wien, Austria), W.BohmJournal: Signal Draht (Germany), vol.96, no.7-8, p.6-13 (July-Aug. 2004) Publisher: Tetzlaff Verlag, Germany Language:English ISSN: 0037-4997Document type: Journal articleAbstract: For many decades now, the rail traffic in Europe hasbeen operating from an increasingly defensive position. Moreinnovative answers are needed to regain market share for therailways and to improve significantly the role in the so-calledmultimodal allocation of transport functions. An essentialinitiative is the European rail transport management system(ERTMS), which includes railway-specific telecommunicationas well as signalling. The effort is to promote an improved andinternationally interoperable use of rail transport capacities by,for example, demand-based train headway and reliable andcost-effective operation of the acknowledged safe transportmedium 'railway'. Rail traffic on high-speed/high performancelines as well as conventional traffic (passengers and freight)will gain substantial advantages from the introduction ofERTMS/ETCS operation. With identical goals, the cost-valueratio of automation investment is typically much bettercompared to that of construction works. Analyses and theexisting project-practice allow the conclusion that there existsan optimal mix of the different ERTMS/ETCS applicationlevels for practically each migration scenario (trackside andonboard). Finally the necessary technical solutions are moreand more mature and widely commercial available, so thataccelerated installations are possible (17 refs.)Inspec No.: 8253080

289 Developments of set of signals for tramwaysAuthor(s): R. Barby, M. Glugla (Affiliation: BahSIG Bahn-Signalbau GmbH, Germany)Journal: Signal Draht (Germany), vol.96, no.9, p.56-8 (Sept.2004) Publisher: Tetzlaff Verlag, Germany Language: EnglishISSN: 0037-4997Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The demand for greater reliability and the increasedsafety requirements placed on public transport signalingsystems is making the situation more and more interesting forthe operators of tramway constructions. The BahSIG, Gahn-Signalbau GmbH, plans to develop a forward-looking solutionto meet the future requirements of signaling systems,especially those used in tramwaysInspec No.: 8253084

290 Studies on new electric propulsion system fornuclear submarine for cruisingAuthor(s): Yin Binchuan, Zou Yunping (Affiliation: Acad. ofElectr. Eng., Huazhong Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Wuhan,China)Editor(s): Z.Wang

Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 742-5Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: The paper presents permanent magnet electricpropulsion system, a new propulsion system for a nuclearsubmarine for cruising. Some advantages of PM motor used inelectric propulsion system for a nuclear submarine for cruisingare given. The system and its main circuit are designed.Control principle of the system is introduced. The configurationof the system is described. Key technologies to be studiedabout actual application of the system in nuclear submarineare presented (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254093

291 Two closed-loop fuzzy controller for drivingsystem in electric minicarAuthor(s): Zhao Ming-fu (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Chongqing Inst. of Technol., China)Editor(s): Z.WangConference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International PowerElectronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 750-4Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: Aimed at complexity and uncertainty of electricminicar driving system, such as vehicle velocity, roadcondition, environment disturbance, storage battery and givensignal etc., which are uncertain, cross-relative, nonlinear andtime-varying, it is very difficult to describe it throughmathematic model. Therefore, in this paper, authors selectfuzzy control as control strategy, apply single chip processorto implement hardware, adopt two-dimension fuzzy controlpattern, whose input variables are error and change of error,respectively, through querying list algorithm to realize fuzzyinference. On the basis, developing corresponding fuzzycontrol system, whose structure adopted two closed-loop, theresult shows that effect of control is satisfied (3 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254094

292 Sensorless guidance control with constant airgapin ropeless linear elevatorAuthor(s): K. Yoshida, Xianhai Zhang (Affiliation: Dept. ofElectr. & Electron. Syst. Eng., Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, Japan)Editor(s): Z.WangConference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4thInternational Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); NationalNatural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: ConferenceProceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power

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Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China,2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 772-6Vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: Ropeless linear elevator (RLE) is expected to be anew transport solution for skyscrapers and very deepunderground applications in the near future. In our laboratory,an experimental model of RLE has been designed andmanufactured using the theory of a controlled-PM linearsynchronous motor (LSM) developed by one of the authors.We have succeeded in the fundamental elevator-motioncontrol with contactless guidance by controlled-PM, includingthe stopping mode. But the gap sensor was necessary tomeasure a position of cage in the guidance direction. Thispaper presents a sensorless guidance control by detecting thedifference in inductances of the series-connected guidancecontrol coils in both sides of cage. It has been verifiednumerically by dynamics simulation of constant airgapsensorless guidance control (9 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254097

293 PTGRP: an LBS application based on SMSplatformAuthor(s): Li Gang, Feng Shang, Shen Jun, Jin Ye, FengMeiping (Affiliation: Sch. of Electron. Eng. & Comput. Sci.,Peking Univ., Beijing, China)Editor(s): K.Gong, Z.Niu, P.Fan, J.YangConference: APCC/MDMC '04. The 2004 Joint Conference ofthe 10th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications and the5th International Symposium on Multi-Dimensional MobileCommunications Proceeding, Beijing, China Conference Date:29 Aug.-1 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Inst. of Commun.;Inst. of Electron., Inf., and Commun. Eng.; Korean Inst. ofCommun. Sys Publication: APCC/MDMC '04. The 2004 JointConference of the 10th Asia-Pacific Conference onCommunications and the 5th International Symposium onMulti-Dimensional Mobile Communications ProceedingPublisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 78038601 9 Page: 234-8 vol.1Document type: Conference paperAbstract: LBS system is an information distributing systemproviding geographic related information services to thecustomers according to their locations, over the mobilecommunication platform. For reasons both on contents andterminals, the development of LBS is limited. As an instance ofLBS, the public transportation guiding/route planning (PTGRP)system offers urban road traffic information by short messageservice (SMS), involving in a practical solution to theseproblems, and the implementation of this system is proved tobe successful (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254623

294 A four-step method to design an energymanagement strategy for hybrid vehiclesAuthor(s): Yuan Zhu (Affiliation: Dept. of Automotive Eng.,Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China), Yaobin Chen, Guangyu Tian,Hao Wu, Quanshi ChenConference: Proceedings of the 2004 American ControlConference, Boston, MA, USA Conference Date: 30 June-2July 2004 Sponsor(s): American Automatic Control Council;IFAC Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 American ControlConference Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: EnglishISBN: 0 7803 8335 4 Page: 156-61 vol.1

Document type: Conference paperAbstract: This paper presents an innovative four-step methodto analyze and design an optimal energy managementstrategy for a power split power train hybrid vehicle. A hybriddynamical system theory is introduced to formulate theproblem of hybrid vehicle control system that incorporatesboth continuous and discrete dynamics. The sequentialquadratic programming (SQP) method is proposed to optimizepower distribution. The dynamic programming method isemployed to solve the problem of the vehicle operating modetransitions. A rule-based system and a fuzzy rule system aredeveloped based on the statistical numerical solutions. Agenetic algorithm is applied to the simultaneous optimizationof parameters of membership functions, weights of the rulesand rule sets for the fuzzy rule system and parameters of therule-based system. The simulation results illustrate theeffectiveness and applicability of the proposed design method(14 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254681

295 Decision-making system for vessel trafficplanning and radar control [maritime applications]Author(s): V. Kharchenko (Affiliation: Nat. Aviation Univ., Kiev,Ukraine), V. VasylyevConference: Conference Proceedings. 1st European RadarConference, Amsterdam, Netherlands Conference Date: 14-15 Oct. 2004 Publication: Conference Proceedings. 1stEuropean Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX966)Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English Page: 61-4Document type: Conference paperAbstract: This paper presents the decision-making system forthe vessel traffic service (VTS). Its aim is to increase thesafety and efficiency of the traffic and the effectiveness of theVTS while planning and controlling, based on radar andnavigation information. The system has been developed at theNational Aviation University (Kyiv, Ukraine) (3 refs.)Inspec No.: 8255963

7.3 Electric Heating and Lighting

296 Application of programmable controllers Wago toenergetic-efficient control of indoor lightingAuthor(s): M. KielbonJournal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland),no.186, p.7-14 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech.Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688Document type: Journal articleAbstract: The possibility of programmable-controllersapplication to indoor-lighting control in order to decreaseenergy consumption for the lighting is mentioned in the paper.The energy savings on the example of an incandescent-lampwith automatic continuous and two step control during thesunrise and sunshine were calculated. The application ofWago-controllers to the multicriterial lighting control wasmentioned (5 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248905

297 Robust control of nonlinear HVAC systems viaemotional critic based intelligent controllerAuthor(s): B. Moshiri, F. Rashidi (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. &Comput. Eng., Tehran Univ., Iran)

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Journal: WSEAS Trans. Circuits Syst. (Greece), vol.3, no.2,p.404-10 (April 2004) Publisher: WSEAS, Greece Language:English ISSN: 1109-2734Document type: Journal articleAbstract: In this paper, the idea of emotional critic based fuzzycontroller is generalized in order to control of nonlinear, MIMOHVAC system. The proposed methodology is composed of aset of neurofuzzy controllers, the weights of which are adaptedaccording to emotional signals created by a block called frizzycritic. Our proposed solution, can achieve very robust andsatisfactory performance even though there were only twocontrolled input processes to the plant which could be used toget the desired performance levels. The response time wasalso very fast despite the fact that the control strategy wasbased on bounded rationality. The proposed strategy is veryflexible and alternative performance specifications can easilybe enforced via defining proper emotional cues (13 refs.)Inspec No.: 8250074

298 Measurements of deuterium lamp noise &implications for UV instrumentationAuthor(s): J. Britton, S. Hoath (Affiliation: New Product Dev.,Cathodeon Ltd., England, UK), N. Lang, H. Lange, A. PageEditor(s): G.ZissisConference: Light Sources 2004. Tenth InternationalSymposium on the Science and Technology of Light Sources,Toulouse, France Conference Date: 18-22 July 2004Publication: Light Sources 2004. Tenth InternationalSymposium on the Science and Technology of Light SourcesPublisher: Inst. of Phys, UK, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 07503 1007 3 Page: 387-8Document type: Conference paperAbstract: Deuterium lamps with their characteristic UVcontinuum are used extensively in analytical instrumentationfor chemical and biochemical assays, and are often cited asthe limiting factor in identification of trace compounds ofsignificance to investigators. Noise measurements andimplications are presented. Lamp noise is here defined as theratio of peak-to-peak detected intensity fluctuations to theaverage detected intensity, where intensity is in fact measuredin terms of the current output of an integrated photo-detectorattached to a spectrometer with a finite wavelength bandwidth.There are several different sources of noise presentsimultaneously, combined with the lamp noise. We foundnoise from a given lamp shows no correlation on supplyvoltage/current fluctuations - implying inherent lamp noisedominates supply noise. We studied noise produced by UVcontinuum and UV line sources and lamps run with differentpower supplies finding for example a deuterium lamp samplewith significantly different (worse) noise values. We also findthat measurements of the constant lamp noise are usuallydominated by other noise terms when studied at typical 1 nmbandwidthsInspec No.: 8253926

299 A new technique for controlling the cold spottemperature of low frequency driven electrodelesscompact fluorescent lampsAuthor(s): K. Hashimotodani, A. Hochi, T. Arakawa (Affiliation:Lighting Res. Lab., Matsuchita Electr. Industrial Co. Ltd.,Kyoto, Japan), M. Kawasaki, K. Seki, K. KataseEditor(s): G.ZissisConference: Light Sources 2004. Tenth InternationalSymposium on the Science and Technology of Light Sources,

Toulouse, France Conference Date: 18-22 July 2004Publication: Light Sources 2004. Tenth InternationalSymposium on the Science and Technology of Light SourcesPublisher: Inst. of Phys, UK, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 07503 1007 3 Page: 397-8Document type: Conference paperAbstract: Compact fluorescent lamps have, in general, higherwall load than usual linear fluorescent lamps. We thereforeenclosed pure mercury so as to obtain enough mercurypressure at the initial stage of lamp starting. Thus it becomesquite important how to control the cold spot temperature of thelamp envelope. In this study we show another technique tocontrol the cold spot temperature of an electrodelessfluorescent lamp with inner coil configurations and thus toincrease the lamp efficacy during burning. We found a newtechnique for controlling the cold spot temperature of anelectrodeless compact fluorescent lamp inner coilconfiguration. Using this, we could improve greatly the lightbuildup than current compact fluorescent lamps, up to 60% ofthe stable burning within 1 sec, without any lowering of lampefficacy (1 refs.)Inspec No.: 8253927

300 Application of temperature fuzzy self-tuning PIDcontroller in a resistance furnaceAuthor(s): Shu-Hui Wen (Affiliation: Dept. of Instrument Sci.,Yanshan Univ., Hebei, China), Xiu-Hong LiuConference: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference onMachine Learning and Cybernetics, Shanghai, ChinaConference Date: 26-29 Aug. 2004 Publication: Proceedingsof 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning andCybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04EX826) Publisher: IEEE, USA,2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8403 2 Page: 817-21vol.2Document type: Conference paperAbstract: Aiming at the complicated system of calcining theworkpieces in the resistance furnace, this paper presents themethod of using fuzzy self-adaptive PID controller to improvecontrolling accuracy of the resistance furnace. It improvessystem response, makes function more steady and lowers theusing of energy and original material. It also lowers wasterrate, and calcined workpieces are good in function. The trialresults indicate that the control system has the goodapplication value (10 refs.)Inspec No.: 8254148

7.4 Air Conditioning and Refrigeration

301 Operating performance analysis of the groundsource heat pumpAuthor(s): Sun Jian-ping, Wang Jing-gang, Zhang Zi-ping(Affiliation: Urban Constr. Sch., Hebei Univ. of Eng., Handan,China)Journal: J. North China Electr. Power Univ. (China), vol.31,no.5, p.52-5 (Sept. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Board of theJournal of North China Electric Power University, ChinaLanguage: Chinese ISSN: 1007-2691Document type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper investigates the performances of scrollcompression ground source heat pump unit in winter and insummer typical conditions, and analyses the operatingperformance of ground source heat pump system with thecondensing temperature and the water flow rate. The airconditioning terminal load and the heat pump unit

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performance must be given attention in setting up theoperating conditions of the ground source heat pump system.The method of synthesizing inner and outer parametersshould be adopted in the capacity control of the ground sourceheat pump (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8247398

302 The thermostat problem with a nonlocalnonlinear boundary conditionAuthor(s): G. Kalna (Affiliation: Fac. of Veterinary Medicine,Glasgow Univ., UK), S. McKeeJournal: IMA J. Appl. Math. (UK), vol.69, no.5, p.437-62 (Oct.2004) Publisher: Oxford University Press for Inst. Math. Appl,UK Language: English ISSN: 0272-4960, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: The thermostat controller for an air-conditioningsystem is usually placed in a position at some distance fromthe unit and this can lead to large swings in temperature. Thispaper addresses this question by studying a paradigm-a one-dimensional heat conduction equation with and without heatloss, and where the flux of heat extracted or input by the unitis considered to be a function of the temperature at the otherend. The essential results are that the system can be unstableand that this is exacerbated both by a more powerful air-conditioning unit and by more efficient insulation (26 refs.)Inspec No.: 8247439

303 Fault detection and diagnosis method for thetemperature sensors with fixed bias in water systems ofHVACAuthor(s): JIn Xinqiao, Du Zhimin, Hui Guanghai, Li Xiaofeng(Affiliation: Inst. of Refrigeration & Cryogenics Eng., ShanghaiJiaotong Univ., China)Journal: Chin. J. Mech. Eng. (China), vol.40, no.9, p.42-7(Sept. 2004) Publisher: Chinese J. Mech. Eng, ChinaLanguage: English ISSN: 0577-6686Document type: Journal articleAbstract: A fault detection and diagnosis method is presented,which based on analytical redundancy and statistics, fordetecting and evaluating the temperature sensors with fixedbias in HVAC water systems. Based on energy conservation,analytical redundancy models of measurements andmeasurement residuals of each selected control volume areset up, and then the FDD problem could be changed intosolving the minimization problem by using of statistic theory.The equations for FDD are set up and solved to obtain thefixed bias of measurements of temperature sensors. It isdiscussed to select data samples for FDD as well as reliabilityin this paper. The presented FDD method is tested andvalidated by simulation of chilling water systems. The resultsshow that this method could be used to detect and evaluatethe fault of fixed bias of temperature sensor caused by zeroshifts (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8247591

304 Performance comparison with effect of dooropening on variable and fixed frequency refrigerators/freezersAuthor(s): Der-Yeong Liu, Wen-Ruey Chang, Jian-Yuan Lin(Affiliation: Energy & Resources Lab., Ind. Technol. Res. Inst.,Hsinchu, Taiwan)

Journal: Appl. Therm. Eng. (UK), vol.24, no.14-15, p.2281-92(Oct. 2004) Publisher: Elsevier, UK Language: English ISSN:1359-4311, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper presents the effect of door openings ofrefrigerators/freezers on the energy consumption andcompartment temperature variation by experimental approach.Two types of refrigerators/freezers were tested in the study.One is a type of variable frequency operation, while the otheris a type of fixed frequency operation. The testing procedurewas conducted under the ambient temperatures of 15 and 30 °C, and the door opening operation was carried out by oneautomatic robotic apparatus in an environmental control room.From the test results, energy consumption of refrigerators/freezers with door opening was found to increase by 10%,compared to the same product without door opening. Basedon the compartment temperature variation status during dooropening, control strategy was also proposed to improve theefficiency of variable frequency type of refrigerators/freezers.Future study on door opening control methodology can beaddressed on usage's characteristics, so that it would help tocontrol temperature variation and improve energy utilization byminimizing the effect of door opening (6 refs.)Inspec No.: 8248299

305 Several engineering problems andimplementation of intelligent control in the central airconditioning systemsAuthor(s): Xiao Yan-jun (Affiliation: Sch. of Mech. Eng., HebeiUniv. of Technol., Tianjin, China), Wang Li-hua, Chen Qiang,Song Xiao-qiangJournal: J. Hebei Univ. Technol. (China), vol.33, no.5, p.113-16 (2004) Publisher: Hebei University of Technology, ChinaLanguage: Chinese ISSN: 1007-2373Document type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper presents several engineering problemsusually ignored in the central air conditioning systems. It alsoseeks the implementation of intelligent control in them. Andthe experiment results show that we cannot overlook themechanical problems because of their importance and weneed to develop new control strategies at the same time incentral air conditioning systems (3 refs.)Inspec No.: 8249664

306 Experimental study on adsorbent of activatedcarbon with refrigerant of methanol and ethanol for solarice makerAuthor(s): M. Li (Affiliation: Sch. of Phys. & Electron. Inf.,Yunnan Normal Univ., Kunming, China), H.B. Huang, R.Z.Wang, L.L. Wang, W.D. Cai, W.M. YangJournal: Renew. Energy (UK), vol.29, no.15, p.2235-44 (Dec.2004) Publisher: Elsevier, UK Language: English ISSN: 0960-1481, Full textDocument type: Journal articleAbstract: Two different working pairs, one of them activatedcarbon-methanol and the other activated carbon-ethanol, areused in a solar ice maker to determine ice production andrefrigerant criteria in desorption and adsorption processesunder similar radiation energy and environmental conditions.Experimental results show that ice can be produced withactivated carbon-methanol, however, ice could not beobtained with the use of activated carbon-ethanol using thesame solar ice maker with similar environments and radiationintensities. Further experiments have shown that the

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adsorbing and desorbing refrigerant amounts of the twoworking pairs gave quite different results, the activatedcarbon-methanol has proven to be the superior one of the twoworking pairs in ice production of solar adsorption refrigeration(14 refs.)Inspec No.: 8252095

7.5 Industrial Applications

307 Research on new lifting moment limiterAuthor(s): Zhou Hong, Hu Wen-shan, Wu Bang-chun(Affiliation: Dept. of Autom., Wuhan Univ., China)Journal: Instrum. Technique Sens. (China), no.10, p.31-7(2004) Publisher: Editorial Board of the Instrument Techniqueand Sensor J, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1002-1841Document type: Journal articleAbstract: Lifting moment limiter can avoid the accident causedby overloading and make the operation of the crane morereliable and safer, described the working theory of the liftingmoment limiter and devised a new kind of system based onMCU 78E516 and LCD MGL-240128, which supports Chinesecharacter interface and is more reliable and powerful (3 refs.)Inspec No.: 8251449

308 Optimization of energy consumption in foodindustryAuthor(s): N. Tane (Affiliation: Dept. of Machines for Agric. &Food Ind., Transilvania Univ. of Brasov, Romania)Journal: Bull. Transilvania Univ. Brasov A (Romania), vol.10(45), p.115-18 (2003) Publisher: Transilvania University,Romania Language: English ISSN: 1223-9631Document type: Journal articleAbstract: This paper presents the analysis of energyconsumptions in technological processes from the foodindustry, as well as some modalities to reduce them, whilemaintaining or raising the product's quality, utilizing theexperience of some specialized firms from the developedcountries (3 refs.)Inspec No.: 8252792

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SUBJECT INDEX

AC generators 144AC machines 148, 150, 151AC motor drives 267AC motors 155, 158AC-AC power convertors 198AC-DC power convertors 188, 189, 190, 191, 232, 244, 260acoustic noise 199active filters 35, 203, 204, 242, 266active networks 42ad hoc networks 282adaptive control 146, 152, 163, 164, 247, 300adaptive signal processing 59adaptive systems 146adhesion 286adsorption 306air conditioning 301, 302, 305air gaps 17, 101, 111, 129alternators 281angular velocity control 132, 147, 177, 180, 233, 271, 284angular velocity measurement 120approximation theory 274arc furnaces 47artificial intelligence 275asymptotic stability 39, 148, 166asynchronous generators 256asynchronous machines 114, 154, 162, 163, 198automatic frequency control 33automatic gain control 49automobiles 291automotive components 281automotive engineering 282backpropagation 16, 23, 60, 70, 97, 180bang-bang control 273barium compounds 144, 145belief networks 26bending 178bifurcation 41bilinear systems 118binary codes 20binomial distribution 72bismuth compounds 185boundary-elements methods 83boundary-value problems 41bridge circuits 169, 196, 216, 220, 249brushless DC motors 169, 170, 171, 173, 174, 269brushless machines 149, 168building wiring 68busbars 47calcination 300calcium compounds 185capacitance 91, 217capacitor motors 135capacitor switching 135capacitors 39, 242, 264cascade control 196, 260

cascade networks 196cathodes 263centralised control 165circuit breakers 58, 87, 88, 89, 90, 264circuit simulation 173circuit-breaking arcs 264closed loop systems 39, 143, 163, 166, 167, 238, 252, 272,

291clutches 285coils 81, 91commutation 102, 207, 223commutator motors 169commutators 169, 174compensation 4, 5, 35, 39, 49, 59, 91, 155, 226, 239, 240,

242compressors 304computational electromagnetics 215computer graphics 137computerised monitoring 97, 142, 160condition monitoring 97, 100, 142conductors (electric) 71, 83conjugate gradient methods 60consumer behaviour 10contact resistance 74continuous improvement 30control engineering computing 149, 150, 153, 155, 172, 205,

244, 245, 246, 247, 278, 291, 294control nonlinearities 40, 148control system analysis computing 48, 156control system synthesis 38, 39, 40, 42, 98, 146, 164, 165,

174, 175, 192, 259, 260, 272controllability 162controller area networks 106convergence 21, 30convergence of numerical methods 180cooling 80, 127copper 145corona 71cost-benefit analysis 18costing 6, 67cranes 307critical current density (superconductivity) 144, 145cycloconvertors 229damping 39, 166, 236data acquisition 177database management systems 133DC generators 168DC machines 208DC motor drives 233, 269, 272DC motors 172, 175, 177DC transformers 193DC-AC power convertors 49DC-DC power convertors 192, 193, 205, 209, 212, 213, 225,

231, 235, 241, 258, 262decentralised control 29decision making 10, 22, 177

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decision support systems 2, 85, 295deformation 121delays 180, 199, 202design engineering 225differential equations 44differentiation 1digital control 156, 165, 201, 202, 262digital signal processing chips 106, 116, 142, 153, 155, 183,

202, 242, 245, 246, 275, 278digital simulation 5, 49, 172diodes 213discharges (electric) 252discrete event systems 67discrete Fourier transforms 43, 103discrete time systems 42, 259discrete wavelet transforms 85distributed control 196distributed object management 28distributed power generation 62, 64, 69distribution networks 57, 59, 66, 68, 240divertors 264domestic appliances 134driver information systems 282dynamic response 41, 126, 130, 202, 235dynamometers 140, 141earthing 83, 91, 92, 93, 94, 99econometrics 18eddy currents 107eigenvalues and eigenfunctions 117electric actuators 42, 107electric breakdown 182electric current 50electric current control 34, 42, 49, 59, 98, 151, 163, 193,

202, 220, 236, 238, 242, 244, 255, 273electric current measurement 81, 84, 106, 125, 181electric drives 266electric generators 99, 106, 137, 166electric impedance 72, 85, 92electric impedance measurement 125electric machine analysis computing 123, 124, 125, 128,

130, 131, 149, 150, 153, 156, 172, 177, 273electric machines 111, 142electric motors 65, 112, 133electric potential 50, 267electric power generation 19electric propulsion 290electric resistance 104electric resistance measurement 74, 93, 124electric sensing devices 81, 170, 181, 285electric vehicles 140, 141, 284, 291electrical contacts 264electrical engineering computing 159electrical faults 88, 90electrical products industry 179electrical safety 68electricity supply industry 21electricity supply industry deregulation 19

electrodeless lamps 299electromagnetic compatibility 233electromagnetic fields 71, 84, 116electromagnetic interference 71, 199, 203electro-optical devices 81embedded systems 142emergency power supply 68, 256EMTP 16, 44, 86, 92, 183, 186, 187energy conservation 10, 296, 303, 304, 308energy management systems 12, 265environmental factors 304environmental science computing 70equivalent circuits 72, 123, 184, 215ethylene-propylene rubber 75evolutionary computation 21, 22, 31facsimile equipment 224failure analysis 121, 133fast Fourier transforms 106, 122, 129, 197fault currents 86, 183fault diagnosis 100, 142, 159, 160fault location 51, 55, 58, 85, 86, 91, 92, 303fault simulation 86, 182fault tolerance 198feedback 40, 98, 143, 165, 197, 272feedforward 154, 157, 163, 274feedforward neural nets 60field buses 106field programmable gate arrays 156, 202, 278filament lamps 296finite element analysis 76, 119, 128, 173, 178fixed point arithmetic 116flashover 78, 79flexible AC transmission systems 36, 44, 230flow 301fluorescent lamps 299flywheels 256food manufacturing 308food processing industry 308foundations 80Fourier analysis 220Fourier transforms 168frequency control 29, 115, 157, 208, 235, 251, 252, 304frequency convertors 233, 237frequency estimation 1frequency measurement 186frequency multipliers 211frequency response 81frequency-domain analysis 239friction 176fuel cells 205fuzzy control 12, 40, 131, 158, 172, 177, 257, 271, 275, 291,

294, 297, 300fuzzy logic 9, 12, 26, 52, 53, 147, 297fuzzy systems 26, 52, 53, 147game theory 6, 14, 22gears 140genetic algorithms 18, 20, 119, 136, 294

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government policies 10Hall effect devices 170hardware description languages 156harmonic analysis 1, 108, 110, 111, 112, 120, 184, 188, 189harmonic distortion 47, 63, 95, 196, 207, 243, 244, 251, 270harmonic generation 270harmonics 78, 181, 200harmonics suppression 122, 196, 206health and safety 68heat conduction 302heat losses 302heat pumps 301heat sinks 44heat treatment 74heating 224hidden Markov models 26hierarchical systems 161high-temperature superconductors 144, 145, 185Hinfin control 27, 29, 272HVAC 203, 297, 303HVDC power convertors 42HVDC power transmission 42, 54hybrid electric vehicles 294hybrid power systems 205hydroelectric power stations 94ice 80, 306identification 99IEC standards 190IEEE standards 104image processing 137impulse testing 182inductance 5, 105, 226, 232induction heating 237induction motor drives 132, 153, 188, 189, 199, 246, 271,

275, 276, 277, 278, 279induction motors 100, 101, 113, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119,

122, 125, 138, 146, 147, 148, 157inductors 203industrial economics 179industrial plants 2, 133industrial power systems 32, 57inference mechanisms 291infinite horizon 261information retrieval 133insulated gate bipolar transistors 44, 59, 174, 230insulation testing 104insulator contamination 66, 78, 79insulator testing 79integrated circuits 224integrated optics 81integro-differential equations 71intelligent control 136, 305interconnected systems 42Internet 133, 142interpolation 1, 147

invertors 59, 64, 101, 130, 141, 157, 162, 200, 204, 209,211, 217, 219, 221, 234, 240, 242, 252, 253, 255, 256,259, 304

investment 7iterative methods 29, 41Kalman filters 26, 56knowledge based systems 294lamps 298leakage currents 66, 78, 125learning (artificial intelligence) 25, 146lifts 292lighting control 296lightning protection 84limiters 307linear matrix inequalities 29, 259, 262linear motors 178linear synchronous motors 292linear systems 40, 117linearisation techniques 40Linux 142load (electric) 56, 73load dispatching 17load distribution 7load flow 8, 11, 21, 31, 244load flow control 32, 36, 37load forecasting 23, 25, 26, 38load management 9load regulation 29, 193, 234losses 32, 63, 73, 207, 219, 232, 273low-pass filters 201Lyapunov methods 39, 148, 166, 262machine bearings 123, 139machine control 27, 98, 114, 115, 117, 118, 129, 130, 131,

134, 136, 139, 143, 146, 147, 148, 150, 152, 156, 157,161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 170, 172, 174,175, 177, 180, 198, 233, 266, 268, 272, 278, 279, 280,284, 292

machine insulation 104machine testing 104, 114, 121, 125, 126, 140, 141, 142machine theory 110, 111, 113, 128machine vector control 132, 151, 153, 154, 155, 246, 271,

273, 275, 277machine windings 104, 122, 135, 154, 276magnetic circuits 111, 112, 123, 125, 128magnetic fields 215magnetic flux 105, 107, 116, 117, 119, 124, 128, 129, 183magnetic hysteresis 107, 239, 242, 273magnetic levitation 101magnetic materials 232maintenance engineering 66, 97, 133, 142marine radar 295marine safety 295marine systems 295mathematics computing 238, 241matrix algebra 118matrix decomposition 210metering 81method of moments 94

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microcomputer applications 247microcomputers 45microcontrollers 220, 225micromotors 177microsensors 283MIMO systems 297minimisation 31, 32, 303mobile communication 293model reference adaptive control systems 147, 277modulators 243Monte Carlo methods 187MOS integrated circuits 231motion control 165, 175, 292motor drives 167, 230, 270, 280, 284motor protection 104multi-agent systems 13multiconductor transmission lines 72multilayer perceptrons 70navigation 295network servers 28network topology 173, 192, 227, 244, 250neural nets 2, 9, 16, 23, 25, 59, 86, 97, 242neurocontrollers 38, 146, 152, 158, 180, 297neutral currents 91Newton method 30niobium alloys 74noise measurement 298nonlinear control systems 39, 40, 42, 143, 148, 161, 162,

163, 164, 166, 241, 257, 258, 259, 260, 272, 297nonlinear equations 128nonlinear programming 187, 204nonlinear systems 41, 240nuclear power 290object-oriented methods 13object-oriented programming 28observers 39, 117, 118, 124, 148, 165, 259, 279, 286open loop systems 246optimal control 42, 67, 106, 168, 268, 294optimisation 4, 21, 22, 34, 41, 103, 143, 218, 251, 278, 299,

308oscillations 27, 177overcurrent protection 85overhead line conductors 76overvoltage protection 91, 223parallel programming 21parameter estimation 119, 123, 126Pareto optimisation 24partial discharges 182passive filters 47, 63, 236pattern recognition 9, 52, 53, 85PD control 143permanent magnet machines 167permanent magnet motors 102, 130, 140, 143, 161, 164,

169, 173, 273, 290, 292permanent magnets 143perturbation techniques 236, 241perturbation theory 61

phase control 233, 234, 238phase locked loops 49phase measurement 240phase shifters 211photocopying 224photodetectors 285, 298PI control 29, 172, 242, 260piezoceramics 178Pockels effect 81pole assignment 247poles and towers 80position control 164, 170, 175, 268, 272, 284potential transformers 181power amplifiers 197power bipolar transistors 44power cable insulation 75power cable testing 75power cables 87, 88, 89, 90power capacitors 4, 5, 39, 190, 206, 248, 249power consumption 2, 296, 304, 308power control 168, 216, 220, 261, 294power conversion 254power conversion harmonics 57, 186, 188, 189, 197, 206,

207, 233, 240, 242, 243power convertors 48, 98, 187, 200, 214, 222, 224, 228, 257,

260, 261power distribution 13, 63power distribution control 64, 67, 69power distribution faults 55, 85power distribution lines 70power distribution planning 24, 47power distribution protection 65, 206power electronics 69, 173, 214power engineering computing 1, 5, 13, 15, 24, 25, 37, 38, 46,

49, 58, 85, 96, 97, 137, 155, 160, 184, 201, 202, 205,222, 238, 241, 244, 245, 246, 247, 274, 278, 287

power factor 42, 55, 63, 150, 198, 233, 238, 244, 254, 266power factor correction 4, 32, 190, 191, 202, 203, 210, 214,

260power filters 204, 266power generation dispatch 18power generation economics 8, 22power generation scheduling 20power harmonic filters 35, 47, 56, 63, 236, 242, 270power inductors 4, 190, 194power markets 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 22power measurement 120power MOSFET 218, 221, 228, 231power overhead lines 77power plants 2power semiconductor devices 229power semiconductor diodes 249, 251, 266power semiconductor switches 273power supplies to apparatus 45, 224power supply quality 35, 43, 45, 46, 47, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55,

57, 59, 95, 240, 254, 267power system analysis computing 9, 52, 53, 60

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power system control 12, 27, 28, 29, 32, 33, 34, 35, 38, 40,41, 96, 166

power system dynamic stability 54power system economics 6, 10power system faults 15, 27, 46, 51, 86, 87, 89, 91power system harmonics 4, 34, 35, 43, 46, 50, 56, 59, 60, 95power system interconnection 8, 29, 36, 63, 94, 204power system measurement 51, 77, 93, 95, 96, 97power system planning 23power system protection 3, 17, 82, 91, 287power system reliability 3power system restoration 3, 67power system security 11, 17, 31, 38, 67power system simulation 2, 13, 16, 36, 41, 56, 61, 86, 92power system stability 30, 36, 39power system state estimation 82power system transient stability 5, 27, 40power systems 1power transformer protection 183power transformer testing 182, 183power transformers 49, 72, 181, 232power transmission (mechanical) 176power transmission control 36, 42, 48, 49, 54power transmission economics 7, 11power transmission faults 48, 58, 92power transmission lines 58, 71, 73, 80, 92power transmission protection 58, 80power transmission reliability 80prediction theory 23predictive control 202, 248, 261predictor-corrector methods 8preventive maintenance 229pricing 8, 11principal component analysis 25printers 224probabilistic logic 9probability 26programmable controllers 296pulse generators 215pulse modulation 220pulse width modulation 157pulsed power supplies 215pulsed power switches 263PWM invertors 125, 153, 154, 155, 174, 195, 196, 199, 237,

238, 243, 245, 248, 249, 250, 251, 266, 269, 273, 274,276, 278

PWM power convertors 132, 156, 188, 189, 193, 197, 201,210, 211, 226, 227, 229, 233, 235, 236, 238, 239, 244,246, 251, 262, 266

Q-factor 217quadratic programming 294quality control 308radial basis function networks 58, 160rail traffic 288railway engineering 185, 286railway safety 289railways 286, 288RC circuits 239

reactive power 8, 47, 56, 59, 204, 254reactive power control 12, 32, 34, 36, 42, 114, 132, 149, 234,

238real-time systems 247rectification 168, 281rectifiers 194rectifying circuits 203, 210, 233, 236, 238, 244, 247recurrent neural nets 60, 180reduced order systems 117refrigerants 306refrigeration 306refrigerators 304regulation 272relay control 33relay protection 51, 65, 81, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 183, 264relays 62, 82reliability 225, 255reliability theory 303reluctance motor drives 268reluctance motors 98, 105, 107, 128, 129, 134, 136, 143,

145, 156remanence 183remote handling 142renewable energy sources 69resistance furnaces 300resistors 264resonance 5resonant invertors 208, 216, 218, 220resonant power convertors 232risk analysis 79road safety 283road traffic 293robust control 29, 40, 147, 161, 163, 241, 260, 271, 297rotors 98, 99, 105, 108, 110, 112, 117, 119, 120, 121, 123,

124, 125, 126, 129, 145, 151, 159, 176, 256, 268, 273,277

routing protocols 282safety systems 283sampled data systems 201, 235sampling methods 177SCADA systems 12scheduling 9search problems 24, 25secondary cells 205self-adjusting systems 300sensor fusion 159, 283servomotors 146, 164, 171, 175, 179shafts 137shear deformation 176ships 287short-circuit currents 15, 99, 287signal processing 210signalling 288, 289sintering 74slip (asynchronous machines) 115, 132smoothing methods 26snubbers 230, 231

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soft magnetic materials 145software agents 13software prototyping 124soil 80solar power 306spark gaps 263spatial variables control 102spectra 243spectrometers 298SPICE 218splines (mathematics) 128springs (mechanical) 176squirrel cage motors 108, 109, 110, 120, 121, 123, 124, 128,

159stability 214, 258, 259, 262state feedback 39, 166, 259state-space methods 118, 262static VAr compensators 5, 7, 8, 36, 47, 49, 188, 189statistical analysis 84, 229, 303statistical testing 18, 79stators 100, 108, 114, 115, 119, 123, 125, 127, 132, 138,

143, 145, 151, 167, 176steam turbines 5steering systems 285stepping motors 171, 179stochastic processes 20strategic planning 24strips 228strontium compounds 185substation automation 13, 265substation protection 80, 265substations 76superconducting arrays 144superconducting cables 74superconducting coils 74, 185superconducting device testing 145, 185superconducting devices 145superconducting filters 144superconducting magnet energy storage 57superconducting magnets 185superconducting tapes 185superconducting thin films 144superconducting transformers 144, 185surface discharges 263surge protection 62switched mode power supplies 190, 193, 281switching circuits 173switching convertors 44, 191, 193, 194, 195, 199, 201, 207,

216, 219, 227, 231, 258, 269, 273, 274synchronisation 233, 234, 274synchronous generators 8, 62, 126, 127, 131, 152synchronous machines 103synchronous motor drives 273synchronous motors 130, 140, 161, 164system buses 106telecommunication networks 17telecommunication security 17

telecommunication services 293telecontrol 28, 96, 265television applications 265temperature control 80, 300, 304temperature distribution 127temperature sensors 303thermal insulation 302thermal stability 80thermal stresses 121thermostats 302three-term control 106, 152, 175, 241, 247, 300thyratrons 263thyristor applications 39, 230, 278thyristor convertors 223, 233thyristors 39time-domain analysis 239time-frequency analysis 52, 53time-varying systems 98, 165, 251, 294tin alloys 74torque 101, 102, 105, 109, 110, 112, 115, 122, 129, 136,

141, 143, 171, 280torque control 98, 114, 132, 151, 167, 284, 286torque measurement 120, 138, 167torque motors 143traction 286traffic control 295transfer functions 181transformer cores 183, 232transformer magnetic circuits 184transformer windings 182, 185, 190, 227, 232transformers 213, 227transient analysis 184, 187transient response 43, 81, 239, 257transients 187, 223, 228transistors 213transmission line matrix methods 72transmission network calculations 61trigger circuits 174, 248tuning 175, 271turbogenerators 5, 27, 126, 139, 160two-port networks 72type II superconductors 74ultrasonic motors 176, 178, 180ultrasonic transducers 283ultraviolet sources 298uncertain systems 40, 146underwater vehicles 290uninterruptible power supplies 254, 255variable speed drives 267, 270, 274variable structure systems 147, 273vectors 210velocity control 136, 158, 172, 286velocity measurement 84, 285vibration control 139, 167vibration measurement 167vibrations 100, 139video cameras 283

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voltage control 12, 42, 64, 157, 172, 202, 220, 225, 234,235, 238, 248, 251

voltage measurement 93, 106, 181, 202voltage regulators 228Volterra equations 302wavelet transforms 9, 146wireless LAN 282wires (electric) 70workstation clusters 21yttrium compounds 144, 145zero current switching 216, 217, 220, 227zero voltage switching 193, 194, 208, 212, 213, 217, 227,

237, 269