inspection practices for piping system components

8/11/2019 Inspection Practices for Piping System Components

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Inspection Practices for Piping System Components1 Scope

This recommended practice (RP) supplements API 570 y pro!iding piping inspectors"ith information that canimpro!e s#ill and increase asic #no"ledge and practices$ This RP descries inspectionpractices for piping% tuing%

!al!es (other than control !al!es)% and &ttings used in petroleum re&neries andchemical plants$ Common pipingcomponents% !al!e types% pipe 'oining methods% inspection planning processes%inspection inter!als and techniues%and types of records are descried to aid the inspector in ful&lling their roleimplementing API 570$ This pulicationdoes not co!er inspection of specialty items% including instrumentation and control!al!es$

2 Normative ReferencesThe follo"ing referenced documents are indispensale for the application of thisdocument$ or dated references%only the edition cited applies$ or undated references% the latest edition of thereferenced document (including any

amendments) applies$API 570% Piping Inspection Code: Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Rerating of In-service Piping SystemsAPI Recommended Practice 57*% Damage Mechanisms Aecting i!ed "#$ipment in theRe%ning Ind$stryAPI Recommended Practice 577% &elding Inspection and Metall$rgyAPI Recommended Practice 57+% Material 'eri%cation Program for (e) and "!isting

Alloy Piping SystemsAPI 57,-*.AS/ S-* *% itness-or-ServiceAPI Recommended Practice 5+0% Ris*-+ased InspectionAPI Recommended Practice 5+*% Ris*-+ased Inspection echnologyAPI Speci&cation 51% Speci%cation for ine PipeAPI Standard 5,2% Chec* 'alves: langed, $g, &afer and +$tt-)elding

API Standard 5,+% 'alve Inspection and estingAPI Standard 5,,% Metal Pl$g 'alves.langed, hreaded and &elding "ndsAPI Standard 300% Steel /ate 'alves.langed and +$tt-)elding "nds, +olted +onnetsAPI Standard 304% Steel /ate, /lo0e and Chec* 'alves for Si1es D( 233 and Smaller forthe Petrole$m and (at$ral/as Ind$striesAPI Standard 30% Corrosion-resistant, +olted +onnet /ate 'alves.langed and +$tt-)elding "ndsAPI Standard 30+% Metal +all 'alves6langed, hreaded and &elding "ndsAPI Standard 30,% +$tter4y 'alves: Do$0le langed, $g- and &afer-ypeAPI Recommended Practice 35*% Cathodic Protection of A0ovegro$nd Petrole$mStorage an*sAPI Recommended Practice 75*% Safe 5peration of 6ydro4$oric Acid Al*ylation 7nits

API Recommended Practice ,4-% Design, Materials, a0rication, 5peration, andInspection /$idelines forCorrosion Control in 6ydroprocessing Reactor "8$ent Air Cooler 9R"AC SystemsAPI Recommended Practice ,3% Refractory Installation ;$ality Control /$idelines.Inspection and estingMonolithic Refractory inings and MaterialsAPI Recommended Practice ,2*% Steels for 6ydrogen Service at "levated emperat$resand Press$res in Petrole$mRe%neries and Petrochemical Plants* AS/ International% Par# A!enue% 8e" 9or#% 8e" 9or# *00*3% """$asme$org$


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4 API RC://8;; PRACTIC 572

API Recommended Practice ,25%Avoiding "nvironmental Crac*ing in Amine 7nitsAPI Pulication 44*7A% /$idelines for &or* in Inert Con%ned Spaces in the Petrole$mand Petrochemical Ind$stryAS/ *$40$* 4% Pipe hreads, /eneral P$rpose 9Inch

AS/ *3$40% Metallic /as*ets for Pipe langes.Ring-? Metric=InchStandardAS/ *$% Process PipingAS/ *est Conshohoc#en% Pennsyl!ania *,24+%"""$astm$org$2 /aterials Technology Institute% *4*5 ern Ridge Par#"ay% Suite 403% St$ 1ouis% /issouri 3*2*-2205% """$mti-lin#$org$5 8AC International (formerly the 8ational Association of Corrosion ngineers)% *220 SouthCree# ;ri!e% =ouston% Te?as774*+-+20% """$nace$org$


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3 8or"egian :il Industry Association% P$:$ o? +035% 203+ Sta!anger% 8or"ay% """$olf$no$7The Code of ederal Reg$lations is a!ailale from the @$S$ ashington% ;C 40204$Copyrighted material licensed to Saudi Aramco. No further reproduction or distribution permitted.

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I8SPCTI:8 PRACTICS :R PIPI8< S9ST/ C:/P:88TS

3 Terms, Denitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations

3.1 Terms and Denitionsor the purposes of this document% the follo"ing de&nitions apply$3.1.1alterationA physical change in any component that has design implications aBecting thepressure-containing capaility ore?iility of a piping system eyond the scope of its design$8:T The follo"ing are not considered alterationsD comparale or duplicate replacementE theaddition of any reinforced ranchconnection eual to or less than the siFe of e?isting reinforced ranch connectionsE and theaddition of ranch connections notreuiring reinforcement$

3.1.2ASM !31.3

Are!iation for AS/ *$% Process Piping% pulished y AS/ International$3.1.3claddin"A metal plate onded onto a sustrate metal under high pressure and temperature"hose properties are etter suitedto resist damage from the process than the sustrate metal$3.1.#condition monitorin" locations$M%s;esignated areas on piping systems "here periodic e?aminations are conducted$Pre!iously% they "ere normallyreferred to as Gthic#ness monitoring locations (T/1s)$H3.1.&

corrosion allo'anceAdditional material thic#ness added to allo" for material loss during the design life ofthe component$3.1.(corrosion specialistA person% acceptale to the o"ner.user% "ho has #no"ledge and e?perience incorrosion damage mechanisms%metallurgy% materials selection% and corrosion monitoring techniues$3.1.)corrosion *nder ins*lation$+Corrosion under insulation% including SCC under insulation$3.1.-

deadle"sComponents of a piping system that normally ha!e no signi&cant o"$8:T ;ead-leg locations includeD lan#ed ranches% lines "ith normally closed loc# !al!es% lines"hich ha!e one endlan#ed% pressuriFed dummy support legs% stagnant control !al!e ypass piping% spare pumppiping% le!el ridles% relief !al!e inletand outlet header piping% pump trim ypass lines% high point !ents% sample points% drains%leeders% and instrument connections$

3.1./defect


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An imperfection of a type or magnitude e?ceeding the acceptale criteria$Copyrighted material licensed to Saudi Aramco. No further reproduction or distribution permitted.Printed / viewed by: zaariyya.abbas!aramco.com


3.1.10desi"n temperat*re

The temperature at "hich% under the coincident pressure% the greatest thic#ness or

highest rating of a piping systemcomponent is reuired$8:T ;esign temperature is eui!alent to the design temperature% as de&ned in AS/ *$ andother code sections% and issu'ect to the same rules relating to allo"ances for !ariations of pressure or temperature oroth$ ;iBerent components in thesame piping system or circuit can ha!e diBerent design temperatures$ In estalishing thistemperature% consideration should egi!en to process uid temperatures% amient temperatures% heating.cooling media temperatures%and insulation$

3.1.11eamination pointAn area de&ned y a circle ha!ing a diameter not greater than 4 in$ (50 mm) for a linediameter not e?ceeding *0 in$

(450 mm)% or not greater than in$ (75 mm) for larger lines$3.1.12imperfectionla"s or other discontinuities noted during inspection that may e su'ect toacceptance criteria during anengineering and inspection analysis$3.1.13inection points1ocations "here relati!ely small uantities of materials are in'ected into processstreams to control chemistry or otherprocess !ariales$8:T In'ection points do not include the locations "here t"o process streams 'oin (mi?ing tees)$

3.1.1#

in servicePiping systems that ha!e een placed in operation as opposed to ne" constructionprior to eing placed in ser!ice$8:T A piping system not in operation due to an outage is still considered an in-ser!ice pipingsystem$

3.1.1&inspection planA strategy de&ning ho" and "hen a piping system or piping circuit "ill e inspected%repaired% and.or maintained$3.1.1(inspectorAuthoriFed piping inspector$3.1.1)inte"rity operatin" envelopeintegrity operating "indo"stalished limits for process !ariales that can aBect the integrity of the pipingsystem if the process operationde!iates from the estalished limits for a predetermined amount of time$3.1.1-

*risdictionA legally constituted go!ernment administration that can adopt rules relating to pipingsystems$3.1.1/


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linin"A nonmetallic or metallic material% installed on the interior of pipe% "hose propertiesare etter suited to resist damagefrom the process than the sustrate material$Copyrighted material licensed to Saudi Aramco. No further reproduction or distribution permitted.Printed / viewed by: zaariyya.abbas!aramco.com

I8SPCTI:8 PRACTICS :R PIPI8< S9ST/ C:/P:88TS 5

3.1.20minim*m alert tic4nessA thic#ness greater than the minimum reuired thic#ness that pro!ides for early"arning from "hich the future ser!icelife of the piping is managed through further inspection and remaining life assessment$3.1.21minim*m re5*ired tic4ness

The minimum allo"ed thic#ness at a C/1$ It is the larger of the pressure designthic#ness or the structural minimumthic#ness at a C/1$ It does not include thic#ness for corrosion allo"ance or milltolerances$3.1.22miin" tees

A piping component that comines t"o process streams of diBering composition and.ortemperature$3.1.23onstreamA condition "here piping contains any amount of process uid$3.1.2#o'ner6*serAn o"ner or user of piping systems "ho e?ercises control o!er the operation%engineering% inspection% repair%alteration% testing% and rerating of those piping systems$3.1.2&pipeA pressure-tight cylinder used to con!ey a uid or to transmit a uid pressure%ordinarily designated GpipeH inapplicale material speci&cations$8:T /aterials designated GtueH or GtuingH in the speci&cations are treated as pipe "henintended for pressure ser!ice$

3.1.2(pipin" circ*itA piping circuit is a section of piping of "hich all points are e?posed to an en!ironmentof similar corrosi!ity and "hichis of similar design conditions and construction material$3.1.2)pipin" en"ineer:ne or more persons or organiFations acceptale to the o"ner.user "ho are#no"ledgeale and e?perienced in theengineering disciplines associated "ith e!aluating mechanical and material

characteristics "hich aBect the integrityand reliaility of piping components and systems$8:T The piping engineer% y consulting "ith appropriate specialists% should e regarded as acomposite of all entitiesnecessary to properly address a technical reuirement$

3.1.2-pipin" systemAn assemly of interconnected piping circuits% su'ect to the same set or sets of designconditions% used to con!ey%distriute% mi?% separate% discharge% meter% control% or snu uid o"s$


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8:T Piping system also includes pipe-supporting elements% ut does not include supportstructures% such as uilding frames%ents% and foundations$Copyrighted material licensed to Saudi Aramco. No further reproduction or distribution permitted.

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3.1.2/press*re desi"n tic4ness/inimum pipe "all thic#ness needed to hold design pressure at the design temperatureas determined using therating code formula$8:T Pressure design thic#ness does not include thic#ness for structural loads% corrosionallo"ance or mill tolerances$

3.1.30repairA repair is the "or# necessary to restore a piping system to a condition suitale for safeoperation at the designconditions$3.1.31reratin"A change in either or oth the design temperature or the ma?imum allo"ale "or#ing

pressure of a piping system$8:T A rerating may consist of an increase% decrease% or a comination$ ;erating elo" originaldesign conditions is a meansto pro!ide increased corrosion allo"ance$

3.1.32ris4based inspectionR!A ris# assessment and management process that is focused on inspection planning forloss of containment ofpressuriFed euipment in processing facilities% due to material deterioration$8:T These ris#s are managed primarily through inspection in order to inuence the proailityof failure$

3.1.33

smallbore pipin"S!7Pipe or pipe components that are less than or eual to 8PS 4$3.1.3#soiltoair interfaceS6A interfaceAn area "here increased e?ternal corrosion can occur on partially uried pipe and"here uried piping egins toe?tend ao!e ground$8:T The Fone of the corrosion "ill !ary depending on factors such as moisture% o?ygen contentof the soil and the operatingtemperature$ The Fone generally is considered to e from *4 in$ (0 cm) elo" to 3 in$ (*5 cm)ao!e the soil surface$ Pipe runningparallel "ith the soil surface that contacts the soil is included$

3.1.3&spoolsA section of piping encompassed y anges or other connecting &ttings% such asunions$3.1.3(strip linin"Strips of metal plates or sheets that are "elded to the inside of the pipe "all$8:T 8ormally% the strips are of a more corrosion-resistant or erosion-resistant alloy than thepipe "all and pro!ide additionalcorrosion.erosion resistance$


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inspection practices for piping system components

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