installing and configuring the hyper-v role.pdf
TRANSCRIPT
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Microsoft Virtual Academy
Module 2
Installing and Configuring the Hyper-V Role
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Module Overview
• Installing the Hyper-V Role
•Managing Hyper-V
•Configuring Hyper-V Settings
•Hyper-V Host Storage and Networking
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Lesson 1: Installing the Hyper-V Server Role
• Server Platforms That Provide Hyper-V
•Hyper-V and Virtual Machine Scalability
•Hyper-V Architecture
•Considerations for Disk and Storage
•Considerations for Networking
•Considerations for High Availability
•Changes on the Host after Installing the Hyper-V Role
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Server Platforms That Provide Hyper-V
• Windows Server 2012 and newer Windows Server operating systems:
• Include Hyper-V and other roles
• GUI and command-line management
• Licensed per processor, includes virtualization rights
• Standard edition: two virtual machines with each Windows Server operating
system
• Enterprise edition: unlimited virtual machines with each Windows Server
operating system
• Hyper-V Server 2012 and newer:
• Includes only the Hyper-V role
• Command-line management only (if managed locally)
• Free, virtual machines must be licensed separately
• Windows 8 and newer Windows client 64-bit operating systems:
• Client Hyper-V, does not include server-level features such as high
availability or live migration
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Hyper-V and Virtual Machine Scalability
System Resource Windows Server
2012 R2
Server
Logical processors 320
Physical memory 4 TB
Virtual processors per server 2,048
Virtual
machine
Virtual processors per virtual machine 64
Memory per virtual machine 1 TB
Running virtual machines per server 1,024
Virtual disk size 64 TB
Failover clusterNodes per failover cluster 64
Running virtual machines per cluster 8,000
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Considerations for Disk and Storage
•Hyper-V hosts can use
• DAS
• SAN
• NAS (SMB 3.0)
• Network shared folders (SMB 3.0)
•Virtual Machines require storage for
• Virtual hard disk files
• Configuration
• Checkpoints
• Saved state
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Considerations for Networking
•Hyper-V host should have multiple NICs
• Dedicated NIC for Hyper-V management
• At least one NIC for virtual machine networks
• Two NICs for shared storage
• Dedicated NIC for failover clustering (private network)
• At least one NIC for live migration
•Use fast NICs
•NIC teaming for redundancy and throughput
• Bandwidth management
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Considerations for High Availability
•Hyper-V host-based failover clustering
• Virtual machines are highly available
•Virtual machine-based failover clustering
• Cluster roles in virtual machines are highly available
•Virtual machine-based NLB
• Highly available and scale out web-based applications
•Application-specific clustering
• Applications are highly available
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Changes on the Host after Installing the Hyper-V Role
•Hyper-V is installed as A server role
• Server Manager, Install-WindowsFeature, dism.exe
• Restart required after installation
•Hypervisor is added and starts automatically
•Windows Server is moved into parent partition
• Hyper-V management tools
• Additional services
• Performance Monitor counters
• Applications and Services logs
• Hyper-V Administrators group
• Windows Firewall rules
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Lesson 2: Managing Hyper-V
•Overview of the Hyper-V Manager Console
•Adding the Hyper-V Manager Console
•Using Windows PowerShell to Manage Hyper-V
•Managing Hyper-V in a Workgroup Environment
•Hyper-V Best Practices Analyzer
•Hyper-V Security Model
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Overview of the Hyper-V Manager Console
Hyper-V servers
Listing of virtual
machines
Hyper-V
server
actions
Virtual
machine
actions
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Adding the Hyper-V Manager Console
•Used for configuring Hyper-V
• Also on Hyper-V Server
• If adding the Hyper-V role by using Server Manager,
Hyper-V Manager console is added automatically
•Hyper-V Management Tool is a feature that you must
enable
• Windows Server - Add feature
• Windows 8 - Turn on Windows Feature
• Install RSAT and turn on Windows Feature (Windows 7)
• If Hyper-V Manager console cannot run on a device
• RDP
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Using Windows PowerShell to Manage Hyper-V
•Hyper-V module installed with Hyper-V role
• Hyper-V can be managed entirely in Windows
PowerShell
• Get-Command -Module Hyper-V
• Get-Help <cmdlet>, Get-Command *part*
• Verb-Noun cmdlet name syntax
• Get-, Set-, Disable-, Enable-, New-, Add-, …
• Get-VMHost -ServerName LON-DC1, LON-SVR1
• Get-VM -HostName LON-HOST1 | Save-VM
• Start-VM -Name *DC* -HostName LON-HOST1
• Get-VMHost -HostName LON-HOST1 | ft
•Windows PowerShell ISE
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Managing Hyper-V in a Workgroup Environment
•Hyper-V can be a workgroup member
• This has no effect on virtual machines running on the
Hyper-V host
• Domain membership simplifies management
• To enable remote management in a workgroup
• Enable Hyper-V firewall rules (Server Core only)
• Create a local user with the same username and
password
• Add a local user to Hyper-V Administrators group
• Grant administrative rights remotely to local users
•Connect to the Hyper-V host in Hyper-V console
•Use HVRemote to simplify configuration
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Hyper-V Best Practices Analyzer
• Best Practices are guidelines for typical deployment
•Hyper-V BPA includes over 110 rules including:
• Hyper-V should be the only enabled role
• Server Core is recommended for Hyper-V servers
• Domain membership is recommended for Hyper-V
• BPA is available in Server Manager and Windows
PowerShell
• Can scan one or multiple roles locally or remotely
• Can filter scan results
•Compliance scan returns one of three levels:
• Error, Warning, Information
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Hyper-V Security Model
•Authorization Manager controls Hyper-V security
• Challenging to use, not suitable for complex security rules
• Depreciated, but still available in Windows Server 2012 R2
• Many administrators use VMM
• Simple Authorization is used on Server 2012 R2
• Hyper-V Administrators local and domain groups—are
empty by default
• Members have full access to Hyper-V
• Hyper-V Administrators group is incorporated into
Authorization Manager
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Lesson 3: Configuring Hyper-V Settings
•Overview of Hyper-V Settings
•What Is NUMA?
•What Is RemoteFX?
•What Is Enhanced Session Mode?
•What Are Resource Pools?
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Overview of Hyper-V Settings
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What Is NUMA?
• NUMA
• Enables host to scale up CPUs and memory
• Partitions CPUs and memory into NUMA nodes
• Allocation and latency depends on relative CPU location
• Hyper-V presents NUMA topology to virtual machines
• Guest operating system can make decisions on how to use
resources
• Can minimize cross-node memory access
• NUMA spanning enabled at host level
• Virtual NUMA topology can be configured at virtual
machine level
• By default, virtual NUMA aligns with physical NUMA
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What Is RemoteFX?
• Provides a remote desktop experience that may be equivalent
to a physical desktop environment
• System Requirements
• GPU
• Second level address translation
• RD Virtualization Host role service
• RemoteFX 3D Video Adapter virtual machine hardware
• RemoteFX features:
• RemoteFX for WAN
• RemoteFX Adaptive Graphics
• RemoteFX Media Streaming
• RemoteFX Multi-Touch
• RemoteFX USB Redirection
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What Is Enhanced Session Mode?
•Remote Desktop over VMBus
• Full Remote Desktop capabilities
• Shared clipboard
• Printers, smart cards, USB devices redirection
• Folder redirection
• Enabled at Hyper-V host
•Guest operating system support
required
• Windows Server 2012 R2
• Windows 8.1
• Remote Desktop users
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What Is Enhanced Session Mode?
Hypervisor
Applications
Video / Keyboard / Mouse Driver
VMBusVMBus
Virtual Machine Management
Service
Virtual Machine Worker Process
Applications
ApplicationsVirtual machine connect
Basic Experience
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What Is Enhanced Session Mode?
Hypervisor
Applications
VMBusVMBus
Virtual Machine Management
Service
Virtual Machine Worker Process
Applications
ApplicationsVirtual machine connect
Enhanced session mode
Remote Desktop Services
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What Are Resource Pools?
• Resource pools are logical containers
• Layer of abstraction between virtual machine and hardware
• Virtual machine configured to use the pool
• Virtual machine can use any resource from the configured pool
• Helpful when moving virtual machines
• Resource pools can be used for chargeback
• Different resource pool types
• Processor, Memory, Ethernet, VHD
• Resource pools configured by Windows PowerShell
• Get-VMResourcePool
• New-VMResourcePool -Name "Contoso Network" -ResourcePoolType Ethernet
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Lesson 4: Hyper-V Host Storage and Networking
•Overview of Storage Spaces
•Overview of Disk Deduplication
•What Is Offloaded Data Transfer?
•What Is SMB 3.0?
•Hyper-V over SMB
•Overview of Network Teaming
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Clustered
• What’s in a storage appliance?
• x86/x64 Processors
• Memory
• Network Adapters
• Storage HBAs
“Back”
“Front”
Multiple physical interfaces; Pools disks,
presents LUNs, Simple, Mirrored,
Parity etc.
Presents interfaces:
iSCSI, FC, FCoE, NFS, SMB
Multiple physical interfaces; Pools disks,
presents LUNs, Simple, Mirrored,
Parity etc.
Presents interfaces:
iSCSI, FC, FCoE, NFS, SMB
Deploy two or more for a Scale Out CA Solution
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
SAS
Ethernet: 1Gb/10Gb
FC: 1/2/4/8/16 Gb
Demystifying Storage Appliances
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Clustered
Windows Server 2012 Spaces
Windows Server 2012 File Server
Multiple physical interfaces; Pools disks, presents LUNs, Simple, Mirrored, etc.
Presents interfaces:
iSCSI, NFS, SMB
Multiple physical interfaces; Pools disks, presents LUNs, Simple, Mirrored, etc.
Presents interfaces:
iSCSI, NFS, SMB
Deploy two or more for a Scale Out CA Solution
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
SAS
SMB3/Ethernet: 1Gb/10Gb
40Gb/56 Gb RDMA
Windows Server 2012 R2 File Server and Spaces
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New Designs: Cluster in a Box
Availability• At least one node and storage always available,
despite failure or replacement of any component
• Dual power domains
Simplicity• Pre-wired, internal interconnects between
nodes, controllers, and storage
Flexibility• PCIe slots for flexible LAN options
• External SAS ports for JBOD expansion
• Office-level power, cooling, and acoustics to fit
under a desk
Server Enclosure
Additional JBODs …
B ports
A ports
x8 PCIe
Server BServer A
x8 PCIe
x4 SAS
External JBOD
x8 PCIe
x4 SAS
x8 PCIe
1/10G E or Infiniband 1/10G E or Infiniband
B ports
A ports
SAS
Expander
SAS
Expander23…10
NetworkNetwork
23…10SAS
Expander
Storage
Controller
CPU
SAS
Expander
Storage
Controller
CPU
x4 SAS (through midplane)
x4 SAS (through midplane)
1/10G Ethernet cluster connect
(through midplane)
DataOn – DNS 9220
http://www.dataonstorage.com
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• Storage Tiering
• Data deduplication
• RAID resiliency groups
• Pooling of disks
• High availability
• Persistent write-back cache
• Copy offload
• Snapshots
• Storage Tiering (new with R2)
• Data deduplication (enhanced in R2)
• Flexible resiliency options (enhanced in R2)
• Pooling of disks
• High availability
• Persistent write-back cache (new with R2)
• SMB copy offload
• Snapshots
Traditional Storagewith FC/iSCSI Storage Array
Windows File Server Clusterwith Storage Spaces
Familiar Enterprise-Grade Capabilities
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Storage Tiering
Can “Hard Disk Drives
Cold data
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Overview of Storage Spaces
• Storage pools – collection of physical disks
• Storage Spaces – virtual disks on storage spaces
• Storage Spaces features
• Resiliency and integrity on standard disks
• Continuous availability and CSV integration
• Optimal storage use and storage tiering
• Multitenancy and isolation
Windows
virtualized
storage
Physical
storage
(Shared) SAS, SATA or USB
Storage Pool
Storage
Spaces
Storage Pool
Storage
Spaces
Storage Pool
Storage
Spaces
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Overview of Disk Deduplication
• Identifies and removes duplications within data
• Without compromising data integrity
• To store more data on less space
• After data is stored (post-process)
•Requires NTFS file system
• Failover clustering and shared storage supported
• CSV support added in R2
•Can significantly decrease space for VHD library
• R2 adds support for live VHD deduplication for VDI
• VHDs must be accessed on an SMB 3.0 network share
• Deduplication of virtual machines that use local storage not
supported
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What Is Offloaded Data Transfer?
• Traditional data copy model
• Server issues read request to SAN
• Data is read and transferred into memory
• Data is transferred and written from memory to SAN
• Issues: CPU and memory utilization, increased traffic
•Offload-enabled data copy model
• Server issues read request and SAN returns token
• Server issues write request to SAN using token
• SAN completes data copy and confirms completion
• Benefits: Increased performance, reduced utilization
• SAN must support Offloaded Data Transfer
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What Is Offloaded Data Transfer?
Intelligent
Storage Array
Storage
arrayStorage
arrayActual data transfer
Offload
readToken
Offload
write
Token
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What Is SMB 3.0?
• SMB is network file sharing protocol
• SMB protocol versions are backward compatible
• SMB 3.0 features in Windows Server 2012 (R2)
• SMB Transparent Failover
• SMB Scale Out
• SMB Multichannel
• SMB Direct (SMB over RDMA)
• SMB Encryption
• VSS for SMB file shares
• Managing SMB file shares by Windows PowerShell
• SMB 3.0 is used only if both sides support it
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Hyper-V over SMB
•Hyper-V data files stored on network shares
• Virtual machine configuration, VHD files, checkpoints
• Hyper-V supports file shares over SMB 3.0 or newer
• File Server and Hyper-V must be separate servers
• They must be members of the same Active Directory
• Running virtual machine data files can be deduplicated
(VDI)
•Reliability, availability, and performance as a SAN
• Uses SMB 3.0 features
• Benefits
• Easier provisioning and management
• Uses existing infrastructure