SMART GRID –ECOSYSTEM ON DEMAND-SIDE WITH CUSTOMER INTEGRATION

SMART POWER GRIDSThe Institution of Engineers (India), All India Seminar Hyderabad, July 15-16, 2009

Satyam B @ NeoSilica

Satyam B @ NeoSilica

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Energy Efficiency vs. New Generation

Customer Domain of Smart Grid Smart Meters

Smart Energy Devices and Controls

Home Area Network

Smart Vehicle Integration

Local Generation and Micro-Grid Integration

Customer Integration

Availability Based Tariff (Real-time Pricing)

Demand Response

Satyam B @ NeoSilica

ENERGY DISTRIBUTION IN US (%)

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Satyam B @ NeoSilica

RAISING ENERGY RATES FOR CONSUMERS Household energy bills going up steadily (UK example)

£ 580 5 years ago to £1,250 today To £5,000 in 10 years (42% yearly increase)

Why are energy bills going up? Rate caps are coming off Energy usage is increasing dramatically, outpacing the supply

World Energy need up by 50% by 2030Of which – 20% India (25% China)

Utilities are investing heavily into Smartgrid activities Utilities are trying to cover “peak demand” losses

Utilities pay 2-3 times typical PPA price during peak demand Increasing costs for energy generation

More Off-shore Exploration Higher Processing Costs for Efficiency and Sustainability Compliance Higher Generation Costs of Renewables

Higher Costs of Transmission and Distribution (answer=micro-grids)

Satyam B @ NeoSilica

OVERVIEW OF CUSTOMER DOMAIN

Satyam B @ NeoSilica

SMART METERS Meter Reading Interfaces

Optical Port – requires Optical to Electrical conversion (not reliable and long range) Wired RS485 – more reliable Wireless Mesh WiFi (Zigbee/ZWave) – integrate into Home Area Network Wireless GPS/GPRS – data plans are expensive over time, expensive mobile cards

AMI (Automated Metering Infrastructure) AMR – meter reading – touch free, pass by, over network Also provide bi-directional communication to support

Remote Disconnect-Connect Prepaid Detect unauthorized usage Power Outage indication Interval or Time-of-Use Rates

Key difference – Networked system – not a standalone unit

Key Players Standard models: GE, Landys & Gear, Echelon, Itron, Smart Meter, … Customizable: HPL Socomec, Neptune, Chinese manufacturers, …

Larger implementations – Italy (27 million)

Satyam B @ NeoSilica

SOLUTION SCOPE

User

Conservation

+++

* Local Generation

Integration

* User Conservation

Services

Demand Response

++

* Customer

Participation

* Energy Gateway

* HAN

* User IHD

AMI

+

* Remote Disconnect

* Outage Detection

* Utility Portal

* User Portal

* Mobile

AMR

Smart Meters

Meter Reading

Satyam B @ NeoSilica

METER TO BACKEND SERVER CONNECTIVITY

Meter to Backend Server (Utility Data Center) Connectivity Options Option 1: Meters Data Concentrators Backhaul Network Backend

Servers Meters Data Concentrator on a Pole

PowerLine (Echelon, …)

Data Concentrator Backend Servers Any IP Network, dedicated or shared – wired (MAN, WAN, BPL) or wireless (WiFi,

WiMAX)

Option 2: Meters Backend Servers Mobile Option (GSM/GPRS, Carriers offering m2m data plans)

Option 3: Meters Energy Gateway Generic Broadband Option 4: Meters Energy Gateway Concentrator … Secure Communication between Devices (m2m)

Encryption, integrity check, access control Tested to be tamper/hacker proof

Satyam B @ NeoSilica

HOME AREA NETWORK (HAN)

Set up a network at Home to connect Smart Meters Energy/Network Gateways Energy Appliances and their Smart Controls (external or built-in)

AC with Thermostat, Lighting System, Washer that responds to DR/TOU rates

Display Devices (Home Automation Screen, TV, Home Theater, …) Local Machines, PC/Mobile (if required)

Networking Options (dedicated or shared, combination of)

Wired PLC (Powerline Carrier Communication)

HomePlug (1.0 and AV), Echelon

RS485 (serial) Ethernet

Wireless RF Mesh WiFi

Zigbee getting more popular with industry push (low power, lower range) Zwave has superior technical features, but not yet a leader

WLAN 802.11 GSM/GPRS

Satyam B @ NeoSilica

ENERGY DEVICES AND SMART CONTROLS

Major Energy Devices Air Conditioners

Rapidly growing market Need Thermostats or advanced controls

VRF Central AC Efficient zoning Built-in Energy Control CFC free coolant

Hot Water Heaters/Geysers Reduce Wastage

Water Pumps (Sumps) Washing Machines and Dryers

Lighting – Smart Systems to Manage Residential Lighting Commercial and Public Utilities

Home Automation with Energy Management Features

Satyam B @ NeoSilica

INTEGRATE WITH TIME OF USE RATES

Integrate Customer’s Choice with Utility’s TOU Rates

From the Utility side: Read meters dynamically in real time

Adjust TOU rates for the neighborhood

Send back Unit Prices to the meter – for local retrieval on HAN

Optimize energy usage – based on peak and off-peak rates Start washer/dryer at night – when off peak

Stop motors and geysers during peak times

Air Conditioners – adjust thermostats

Satyam B @ NeoSilica

LOCAL/MICRO-GRID INTEGRATION

Local Generation (Solar, Wind)

Monitor and integrate – solar/wind generation

Net metering

Monitor for efficiency

Energy Management to match Generation