institutional challenges for implementing pes in sasumua watershed, kenya
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INSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES FORIMPLEMENTING PES IN SASUMUA WATERSHED, KENYA
Training Workshop on Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) and Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+)
Nairobi, Kenya - August 8th, 2011
Sara NamirembeWorld Agroforestry Center
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Land use changes
Woodlots and wetlands converted to agriculture
Forest encroachment now under control
Conversion of agricultural land into commercial plots
Wetlands, river banks and drainage waterways are used for cultivation.
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Impact on watershed services
Dry season flows: reduced Wet season surface runoff: increased. Sediment load: High Chemical and biological pollutants:
Heavy metal pollutants (Pb) noticed in levels close to WHO-limits
High microbial pathogen counts in raw water esp near town centres
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Using Scientific evidence
Landuse change affects water partitioning
Most sedimentation originates from privately owned farmlands
Agroforestry , terracing and grass strips along contours and waterways can be used to improve watershed hydrological functions Reducing soil erosion – reduced
sedimentation and siltation of dams and reservoirs
Improving base flow – sustained availability of water over a longer period
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Catchment management structure
Accessing funds is hard.Limited ability to utilise the funds on privately owned land
WRMA
OTHER SOURCES
WSTFWRUAS
Catchment management
plansNWSC
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PES in Sasumua
Upland communities in Sasumua WRUA
• Nairobi Water Company• Water Services Trust
Fund
• WRMA – policy & coordination
• ICRAF– scientific evidence• Government – facilitate &
advise• CARE, WWF - cross
learning
WHO PAYS?
WHO GETS PAID?
WHO FACILITATES?
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Costs with PES Costs without PES
CASE FOR PES: NAIROBI WATER COMPANYGrassed waterway causing
20% Reduction in sedimentation
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Nairobi Water Company would consider PES, but.... Burdened with multiple levies – may
view PES as double payment
Poor financial base
Water scarcity
High UFW
Governance and management challenges
Priority is reducing investment costs and improving infrastructure
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CASE FOR PESTHE WATER SERVICES TRUST FUND Achieving mandate of watershed
conservation more efficiently PES provides incentive mechanism
for improving landuse practices on privately owned land
Increasing community access to the fund
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WSTF would consider PES but…. Mandate is for capacity building
Procedure for accessing funds allows only actions stipulated in the catchment management plans
Will need to ‘buy’ environmental services across all watersheds - to avoid bias
‘Buying’ ES from all watersheds would be too expensive
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Key options for PES Expand the mandate of WSTF to include
‘buying’ of ES directly from land owners.
Allow local WRUAs to retain and use a portion of abstraction fees for watershed management via PES.
Reduce fees levied on NWC if it engages in PES.
Other supporting options Include the PES approach formally within the
Tana Catchment Management Strategy
Enforce existing laws and regulations on zoning of land important for watershed functioning.
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Way forward Buyers: Dialogue to increase confidence that
PES works Sellers (WRUA): Provide technical
backstopping on PES interventions, negotiation and monitoring
Provide support on how to structure PES at WRUA level
Government: Dialogue on policy and institutional structures to enable PESThank you
World Agroforestry Centrehttp://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org