Task of the missionariesAugustinians, Franciscans, Dominicans, Recollects and JesuitsEncomenderosTo collect scattered Filipinos to reduccion (under the sound of the bell) (under the peal of the bell). Establish pueblos and reside.

Christian indoctrination“Little brown Spaniards”Unbelievers went to the hill and was branded as remontados, cimarrones, ladrones, monteses, malhechores, tulisanes.Used colorful celebrations such as sinakulo, santa cruzan, moro-moro, processions“Hypnotized the indios”

Colonial churchesConvents made of stone like fortressesNew cultural elements from the Americas and the PacificNew Aztec ethnobotanic specimens like corn, cassava, camote, tobacco, fruits, vegetables and herbsSpanish customs and values, Christianity and language.

Taxation without representation – income-generating were introduced like personal tribute and income tax , customs duties and bandala, taxes monopolies, etc.

May be paid in cash or kind Partly or wholly Palay, tobacco, chickens, textiles, wax,

regional produce. 1570’s 8 reales or 1 real =12.1/2

centavos or gold, blankets, cotton, rice, bells and raised to 15 reales until the end of Spanish rule.

Tribute of ten reales Diezmos prediales ( tithes) of 1 reales Town community chest of 1 reales Sanctorum tax for church support, 3

reales Total of 15 realesother special taxes (p.

82)

Descendants of Filipino chiefs who serves in the pacification campaign. Ex. Lakandula

Laborers of the arsenal and artillery yard in Cavite

Mediquillos (Filipinos who had medical experience but no title)

Vaccinators College students from UST, Letran, San

Carlos and San Jose

Tagalog word mandala Requisition of goods like rice and coconut

oil. (p. 82) Replaced by cedula personal or

personality identity paper. Filipino or other nationalities 18 years old

and above.

From the corruption of the Tagalog word pulong meaning “meeting of persons and other things” or “community labor”.

Laborers are called polistas Filipino or Chinese male metizos from 16-60

years old Render personal service to community projects For 40 days until 1884 reduced to 15 days Falla to be exempted (palya) Paid 1 ½ reales a day during the 40 days period Patterned after the Mexican repartimiento.

Upsetting of the village economy. Separation from family (from different

location even outside the country) Decimation of male population (p. 83)

Encomendar meaning “to entrust” Encomendero is duty-bound to defend

the encomienda. To keep peace and order Assist in missionary work Encomendero were granted rights to

tribute.

Royal or crown Private Reserved for crown and included the

principal ports Granted to individuals who were either

the king’s protégée's or men who served with merit during the conquest and pacification campaigns. (p. 84) (85)

PPT 2

Gov. Blanco – composed of leading men in business, industry and the profession, who he himself prodded to exploit the island’s natural bounties.

Make the colony self-supporting in economy and self-sufficient from the annual Mexican subsidy.

Plan General Economico – income generating monopolies such as tobacco, areca nuts, etc.

March 10, 1785 by Charles III Uniting American and Asian culture Monopoly of trade in the Philippines,

including Chinese and Indian goods to Spain via Cape of Good Hope

Opposed by Dutch and English, also competition to Manila-Acapulco trade

Hardship for the Filipinos (p. 88-89) Preference to cotton production, black

pepper, silk, indigo, sugar