nstructional Media

from chalkboard to video

I

Different types of educational experiences exist

more or less effective for achieving various

types of learning outcomes

How do I expect the media or type of

learning activity to make learning more effective?

“We never educate directly, but indirectly by means of the

environment. Whether we permit chance environments

to do the work, or whether we design environments for the

purpose makes a great difference.”

- John Dewey (1906)

Why use media in instruction?

What are the different types of MEDIA?

DALE'S CONE OF LEARNINGAs the nature of the learning event moves from

passive to active, learning and retention increases.1. Reading, Hearing words, looking at Pictures2. Watching a Movie, Looking at an Exhibit,

Watching a Demonstration3. Participating in a Discussion, Giving a Talk4. Doing a Dramatic Presentation, Simulating the

Real Experience, Doing the Real Thing.The more parts of the brain that are involved the

more long term retention.

Gain attention

A picture on the screen, a question on

the board, or music playing t0 start

the class all serve to get students

interest

Recall

prerequisites

Use media to help learners recall what they learned in the last class, so that new material can be attached to and built upon it

Present objectives to learners

Hand out or project the day’s learning objectives or outcomes

Introduce new

lesson

Not only media can help make new

content more memorable, media can also

help deliver new content

Support learning through

examples and visual

elaboration

One of the biggest advantages of media is to bring the world into classroom when it

is not possible to take the student into the world

Elicit student

responsePresent information to students and pose

questions to them, getting them involve d

in answering questions

Provide feedback

Media can be used to provide feedback relating to a test or class exercise

Enhance retention or

transfer

Instructional media helps students visualize a lesson and transform abstract

concepts into concrete, easier to remember concepts

Assess performanceMedia is an excellent way to pose

assessment questions for the class to answer or give students task to complete

Types of Instructional Media

• Projected Media• Non-Projected Media• Audio Media• Motion Media• Hyper Media• Gaming Media

Projected Media

• Instructional materials that require projection and electricity in their using process.

• Slides, filmstrips, and overheads– Use to:• Allow all students to view the same material at the

same time• Offer the students other perspectives on the material

Non-Projected Media• Instructional materials that do not require the

process of projection before its operation can take place.

• Photographs, diagrams, and displays– Use to:• Illustrate concepts• Enhance direct instruction• Encourage students to look at data in diverse ways

Audio Media

• Cassettes and compact discs– Use to:• Allow students to hear other languages/dialects• Allow auditory learners to review the lessons• Encourage creativity through music

Motion Media

• Videos, computer mediated instruction, and television– Use to:• Offer supplemental instruction• Experience concepts in a manner that is not available in

“real life” – i.e. Magic School Bus

Hyper Media

• Computer networks, software, and the Internet– Use to:• Offer resources beyond the library• Develop computer and word processing skills• Offer interactive learning

Gaming Media

• Computer games– Use to:• Provide a playful environment for learning• Structure learning through rules• Motivating for tedious or repetitive content• Uses problem solving skills

• Instructional situations such as events, things, features, settings, festivals and other community resources that are directly apprehended by the learner at their natural setting– Use to:• help learners to have a direct

contact with learning experiences that far transcend volumes of recorded literature and weeks of sermonization

Phenomenal

• Instructional materials that the learners usually handle skillfully, deal with, and manage expertly to bring about the desired behavioral changes

• Card and board games– Use to:• Promote complete mastery of the content materials

and specific outcomes

Manipulative