Instructional Media and Technology

for Learning

Chapter Seven

Audio Presented by Hongjin Wang

The Difference and Similarity Between Hearing and Listening

•Hearing is a physiological process

•Listening is a psychological process

•Hearing is the foundation of listening

•Hearing and Listening are also teaching and

learning process

Developing Listening Skills

• Guide listening

• Give directions

• Ask students to listen for main ideas, or inferences

• Use context in listening

• Analyze the structure of a presentation

• Distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information

Audio Formats

• cassette tapes

• compact discs

• Mp3

The strengths and limitations

of cassette tape

The main advantages of audiotape

• easy to record

• easy to erase

• easy to store

• not easy to damage

The limitation of audiotape

• easy to record background noise

• easy to become stuck and tangled

• not easy to edite

The strength and limitation of compact disc

Advantage of compact disc

• very durable

•High fidelity

•No background noise

•Random search

Limitation of compact disc

•Impractical to prepare locally

•Initial expense of equipment

The advantages of audio

• Inexpensive

• Readily available and simple to use

• Reproducible

• Ideal for teaching foreign language

• Stimulating

• Repeatable

• Portable

• Ease of lesson preparation

• Selections easy to locate

• Resistance to damage

• Provide verbal message for nonreaders

The limitations of audio

• Fixed sequence

• Doesn’t monitor attention

• Difficulty in pacing

• Potential for accidental erasure

Integrating Audio into classroom

Teachers can use Audio Media in all phase of instruction – from introduction of a topic to evaluation of student learning.

Students can use audiotape to prepare their class presentations and to learn foreign language

Producing Class Materials on Cassette Tapes

•Need a blank audiotape, a tape recorder, a microphone

• Prepare class materials to need to recorder

Attention:

• Maintain a constant distance from the microphone

• Speak over the top of the microphone, not directly into it

• If you make an error while recorder, stop the tape recorder, reverse it, and then continue recorder.

Checklist for Students/teachers-Prepared

Audiocassettes• Minimize extraneous background noise• Maintain constant volume level• Ensure good voice quality and clarity• Express ideas clearly• Maintain conversational tone• Keep listeners involved• Coordinate with worksheet or study guide, if use• Express content clearly• Keep it short

Duplicating and Editing Audiotapes

Three methods of duplication Audiotapes

The acoustic method—dose not require any special equipment.just two recorder.

The electronic method—can avoid unwanted noise from the environment

The high-speed duplicator method– require a special machine

Selecting Audio Materials

Before selecting audio materials, three more things to need to do are:

• Analyzing audience

• Stating objective

• Ready to select, modify, design audio materials

Utilizing Audio Materials

The five Ps for group use of audio materials

• Preview the Materials

• Prepare the Materials

• Prepare the Environment

• Prepare the Learners

• Provide the Learning Experience

Require Learner Participation

Before you begin the lesson, determine how to get and keep students actively involved,

One technique is to give students a set of questions to answer during the listening.

Evaluate and Revise

Determine how effective the audio materials are:

--Gather data by (1) making observations

(2) evaluating test results

(3) discussing experience with students

--Then decide (1) to revise how you use the audio materials

(2) to modify the audio materials themselves