Instructions for use

Title On the size and specific gravity of seashore sand

Author(s) Ikeda, Yoshirô; Aramata, Mituo; Yoneta, Katuhiko

Citation Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido Imperial University, 4, 239-254

Issue Date 1938

Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/37706

Type bulletin (article)

File Information 4_239-254.pdf

Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP

On tke Size and SpecifiEo firavfity

off Seaskewe Sand.

By

Yosir6 Ii<EDA, Mituo A]iA)rAtn and

Katuhiko YoN]cTA.

In order to study the motion of sand, it is necessary that sands

should be distinctly specified. Sand is an assemblage or granular

mass composed of particles which are eomplex in their eomponentsa･s.well as their forms and sizes, To simplify the research on dynamieal

properties, first, the chemieal components are not eonsidered, andsecondly, the hardness and the eonditions of surface of the particles are

llot diseussed. Thespecifie gravity and size only, which are important

to ,the dynamieal study, are tal<en into consideration. Aecordingly,

it is desired that materials xKTith specifieCl physjcal properties should

be chosen for quantkative researeh either from natural sand or byineans of erushing and seleetion with sieves. Although the latter is

easily realized, the results studied by making use of sand seleeted

by such a method may not be applieable in the natural phenomena.There arises, therefbre, the question whether sand having specified

physical properties may or may not be obtained from natural sand.

In the eourse of research on the cause of dune formation, thephysieal properties of sands were investigated by making use ofsamples from sandy beaches which were 1<indly sent by many grad-uates of the [I]echnieal Department of IE[okl<aido Irnperial University

who are distributed everywherein Nippon. From Honsyu, IHokl<aid6and 'I<arahuto, samples were obtained almost suMeient.in number(something over two hundred). Of course even in a sandy beaeh thesapds havel not uniform physieal properties and components, depending

upon the spot ft'om which the colleetion is made, that is, the per-

eentagQ of iron-sand and the size may be various according to the spot

or to the depth froin the svtrf]aee. Althoug, h, thuts, even sand froin a

sandy beach is not stricdy specified, it is remarkable that the sizes

ol' the seashore sands are almost limited within a certain range in

spit･e oti different components, 7]his fact may be eomprehended by

240 Y. Ikeda, M. Ara.matft and K. Yoneta.

the 'tbllowing. The sand particles transported through a river tothe sea, being crushed, polished and selected by natural force, are

}･aised upon a beach by means of sea waves. Thus, the sand oti the

seashore has specified physieal properties, subjeeted to natuval selee-

tions or dynai:nical conditidns. Therefore, if the matter be tiurther

preeisely investigated, there might be diseoverecl some relations between

the differences of their physical properties and the natural forces sueh

as the strength and djrection of predominant winds, t]]e violence ot'

waves and surrounding topography.

1. Physical properties of individual sand.

The diameter cl by meaiis of magnifying-glass with scale is measured

along the direetion of seale. Let 100 grains be taken at random from

the sample in question and from the 100 grains let tl]e number ofgrains be eounted which lie between cl and d+`I(l. (`I(l = O.05 mm.)

1]he frequeney curve whose abscissa jndieates the diameter and the

ordinate the nuiinber of grains, jS shown in IFig. 1. ･7z... is the

maximum point of the eurveand d... the diameter whieh 'corresponds to n.... When apoint (l, the area ofthe domain

Iimited by the frequeney eurve,

is divided into two equal parts,

such cl is denoted by (1... If

the frequeney eurve is sym-metrical, cl... is equal to dav.

In practice, the frequeney curve

is distorted slightly from the

symmetrical curve, thereforeclrn.. is nearly equal to cl.,.

zontal length of a laid bod.v i's

length. But at present the[I]he sands of Tal<a6mori,

as examples of these frequeney

measurements of the sandand Fig. 3 shows those fromthe samples are separately

nearly agree witl} each other,

in Gauss's error curve.

there exist grains having

sti

g

ia.op[1=1Cli`.i'.Vri,-it

Considering

a diserepancyIff.akodate

curves. t'rom

Syaritaken indieatino'

Although rather

Fig. 1.

stability, the average hori-

little larger than its average vertical

due to it may be negleeted.

and Syari, Hol<kaid6 are adopted

Ilig. 2 shows the resRits of

rlal<odate measured by 4 persons, measured by 2 persons, A]thoughfrom a bottle, tl]e yesults measured

a eharacter sucl} as seeii b among t,he sand ot' [l]al<a6mori,

b}aek appearanee due to a larger

OntheSizeandSpeeifieGravityofSeashQreSand. 241

-t- ,2･

e- ･

pt･ st " e Oe e ' ･e" J-e" t- -

Fig. 2. ]Jiig. 3.eontent of iron, this sample makes the usual appearance. From these

curves, it is judged that the sand should be composed of eompara-tively regular partieles, the sizes being iiear of an average. On the

contrary, the sands of Iakes, swamps or rivers are very miseellaneous

and the curves showing the size and percentage of number of partieles

has many rnax, and min. Next for the sand of Taka6mori specifiegravity is 3.5, the apparent specific gravity is 1.83 and the porosity

is O,48, and for the one from Syari, the true and apparent specific

gravity and porosity are respectively 3.0, 1.55 and tO.48. ll)he p.orosity

seems to be related to the height of distribution curves, though wit,h

some- exceptions, Specific gravity is much influeneed by the pereentage

of iron-sand included. AIthough the physical properties of sand differ

from spot to spot even at the sarae beach, yet the specifie gravity

o.f seashore sand does not seem to be smaller than 2.3 nor largerthan 3.8, and many of samples have a･' speeifie gravity of about 2.7.

[Vhere,fore., the dynamieal properties common to all sands may beconsiderecl when the motion of sands of sanqy beaches is studied. In

"Dables 1, 2 and 3 the diameter, tyRe and apparent speeific gravities and

porosity are summarized for the eolleeted sands.

' Table 1,

'

'Sea Locality

Mamiya Strait

Aniwa Bay

Sea of Okhotsk

!

l

1l

Karahuto

No, of plaee.tt..tttt.it

l ,-ls I･ lg-.2s i 26-30 1

,

242

Sea

Sea of Japan

Tugaru Strait

Voleano Bay I'aeifie Ocean

Nemuro Strait

Sea o£ Okhotsk

Sea oi Japan

Y; Ikeda･, M.

Table

t.

Aramata and K.Yoneta '

,1.-(aont･i7'bued)

tt tttttttttttttt t ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt

/-

"'I'acific

'oE6ali' '"'-' '

1/ ･

1

1

iI[I

li

1

I

i

Il

ilii

i

l-jIl

l

]1

Locality

Hokka,ido

Inlands6K

t

The Kuviles

Al<ita prefecture

Nii.crata ,,

Toyama ,, Hyogo ,,Kyoto urban prefecture

Tottori prefeettu'e

Silna･ne prefecttu'e

]JwaCe' "'br6fe6Iili'6

asIiyagi ,,

Hukusima J) Ibaragi ,, Tiba )r Kanagawa ,,

Sizuol<a ,,

]NIie pTefecture

Wakayama･ ,,

.Hy6go preiecture

IIirosin'ia )) A" Koti ls

1 l･ t ' l 1 1 1 1 l･ l. '

11 '

I--------- 1

i l l I 11 it

l l It ' 1 11 l 11 l I lt l I I i I 1

N'61-'61'//i/Jc"6--"'

31-60

61-67

68-75

76-92

93-95

96-101

102-105

"' 106-I12 ll3-129

130-134

135-136 ,, 137

138-l44

ll.45-149

''' ' iso-i5i"''-

l52

153

154

155-158

159 . I60-162

163-170

17i-186

187-192

' 1.93-205 206

Table 2.

No. I

/ lj 21 F, 1 o 4 5 l･ (s

7 8 910 i I

?laee II No. Place/

KitanayosiIEsutoru

MotakeTinnaiI<usyunnaiNayoroTomarioruNisititornNitasuHabomai

ll

1213l41//)

1617181920･

1

ii

l

l

i

I1

Maoka･HontoVtihoroMoziro"IinaininayosiTogusiSozin CapeSiranusiTisiyaSOIISi

' ( l･

i

'

1 i I 1 1 lI

1ttttttttttt

No.

21

222324252627L)8

2930

I

1l

iIl

i

1

Place

vtisft" 'UryuHamaifiitiasIerei

'YainituTomunaiSakaihanlaMaguntanNigasisirutoru ･･Tirie

No. t i "i31 I '32

Z3,

:2 i

i37 l 138 1 !39 ! l40 I /41 l

g3

i44. I

i45 ･ '

ag

48

/49 i 150 i I ll '5I

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

['g

64

65

I

ill

'

i1iI1:

l

i

l

1

On the Size and Specific Gravity of Seashoire Sa･nd. 243

1

Table

Plaee

Zenibako village, Otaru district

Isikari vi11age, Isikari distriet

Attita village, Atnta district

IIa･mamasu village. Hamamasu dist.

Kawasimo village, ditto '

Rumoe vil}age, Bumoe distriet

Kota･nhama･, ditto (No. 1.)

Segosihama, ditto (No. 2,)

MIouth of OniSika River, ditto

II[utakosi, Osima, A(atumae disti.

Toyobe, Esasi, Hiyama dist.

ZKumaisi, Esi dist.

HiTatanai, Kut6 dist.

Setana, Setana dist.

Higasi-Simainaki village, Sima- mal{i dist.

Nisi-Simamaki village, ditto

Tarugisi, Suttu dist.

Iwanai, Iwanai dist.

[I]omari village, Furuu dist.

Notuka, Irihune village, SyaJco- tan dist.

[I]isaki, Bikuni, ditto

The coast aS Bikuni, ditto

Mouth of Bikuni River, ditto

Okoppe, Yoiti dist. (No. 1,)

,, (No. 2,) . (eoarsesand) ,, (mediuTnsanct) ,, (finesand)The coast at Ota･ru

Zenibako, Otnru dist.

Sunayama, Takaomori, IIa](odate city

The bank of Sinlcawa, ditto

The beach at the mouth of Sinl{awa, ditto

The bottom of Sinkawa, ditto

Kuneri, Kamiiso distriet

2.-(Oontinzee(Z')

'-.'61--- "M'IPIace

`

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

11 76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85l

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

101l

Siriuti River, Siriuti village, ditto

Nezal<i, Zenigame, Kameda distriets

iNdioi'i town, Ka･yabe district

Yagumo town, Yagumo distriet

Osyamanbe. Yamakosi district

Toyoura, Abuta district

Abuta village, Abuta disti`ict

Vsn, Vsu aistrieb

Nisiha,ma-mati, ]])ate town, Usu district

Si]<abe, Sikabe distriet.

[I]omal<omaitown,Yfihutuaistriet

Yfihutu, Yfihfitu district

･ Higasi-Sizunai,Sizuna･ictistvict

Ura･kawa, IJrakawa district

Hunke, Hiroo distriet

A Otu village

Mouth of [I]okati River, Otu vil- lage

AA Otu, Otu village

Sinkusiro River, Kusiro city

Kusiro Biver, ctitto

Benten-ga-hama, ditto

Sireto, ditto

Sinhuzi, ditto

Lake Harutori, ditto

Lake Akan" SinryQ,Akkesidist.

AIonsiztt, ditto.

/ Inside the hftrbour og Nemuro

l Sibetu River 'i/ Rausu River

Syari, Sya･ri dist.

, Yanbetu,Yanbetudist.

Mouth of Yabetti River, Monbetu dist.

Yfibetu Biver, ditto

Simoy6betu,ditto . Simosyokotu, ditto:

'

s

244,

No.

102

103

j04

105

i06

107

108

l.09

llO

111

112

l13

114

115

ll6

117

118

119

120

l21

122

11 23

124

]25

l26

127

]28

129

130

l31

l32

133

134

135

136

137

138

Y. Ikeda, M.

Table 2.

Place

Rubetu, Yetorup Island l<uriles

Naipo, ditto

Tosimoe, ditto

Iririhusi, ditto

Araya, Kawabe dist.

Simohama, Yuri dist.

Kitahama, ditto

Seki, Kamihama･, ditto

Detomati, Honzyo town, ditto

Mouth of Yonesiro River (NQ. 1.)

ditto (No.2.)Ryotu town, Sado dist.

Naoetu town, Nakakubiki dist. (No. 1.)

ditto. (No.2.)Teratibmari,Sant6 dist.

Kasiwasaki, Kariha dist.

Itoigawa town, Nisil<ubiki dist.

Iwahune town, Iwahune dist.

Aramata and K, Yonet･a･.

-(Continued)

11 ..

I

i-

1

jli

iI

'i!:1

:/

liI

l

]

l

l

I

l

1

t1

1I

Ili

1

11

!I

II

il

lill

ll

i

l

l!

l

[

ll

llilIiIF

I

E

i

ll

It/

i!

l

ltNo. Plaee

ditto

ditto

ditto

ditto

ditto

ditto

Aikawa, Sado distriet

Takati, ditto

The inlet at Ogi town

Ogi town, ditto

Simao, Miyata,

ditto

Husiki, Imizu distriet

Sinminato, ditto

(No. 1, a)

(No. 1, b)

(No. 2, a)

(No. 2, b)

(No. 3, a)

(No. 3, b)

ditto'

Himi distriet " (No.1) (No. 2)

(No. 3)

(No. 4)

Uozu, Simo-Niigawa district

Igumi, Nisihama, Mikatft･ district

Kasumi, Kisaki district

Amano-Hasidate, Yosa district

A place between Koyama and

Suetune (A)

,:

i

i

I

i'

11

I/

ll

l

lli

Iil

i'i'

l39 i' A place between Koyama and

I Suetune (B) il40i ditto (C)141i ditto. (D)142 l･ Tomiura /l43 li"HadMistariin.c:ra,Seizyotorvn,Kedaka

i144 j Yodoetown,Seiha･kudistrietl45 i/ Hukumituvillage,Nimft(listrict

I46 i Iwami-Ful<uinitu,dltto

i47 l Nozi,ditto !]'48 I "NP.i;}19･ek.Piltt."l,e,gidi,,,T,/:.ilozii and

149 ･ A placedetween Orii4nd Miho- : Misumi,dibto150 i Sokei town,Simo-Hei district

l51 1 Matuba,ra,Takata,Kesendistriet

i152 ' Itikagesima, Is'isennuina, Moto-

'lyosidistriet .1iTi l :-zl' 6x e'//'.mels,t,,.,

155 l Mal<uhari,Tibadistrict

156 I Kanaya,Kimizudistriet157 l, flunabasi,Tlbadistriet

l (onthesurface) i158 :. ditto (30em.belowthesurface) 1159 l. Kita-Sitaura,]Naliuradistriet

160 I Lake Hamana,Hamana district

/161 l. MouthofAbeRivev,A}]ectist,

162 l IJsami,Tagatadist.

,163 , Kuwana,Kuwa･nadist.164 i The left side of the znouth of

I SuzukaRiver,Yokkaiti

165 ･ The left side of HIorikiri River, , Sirakotown,Kawa･gedist.166 i Al{ogiura,Tncity i167 i Tu eity

168 : Takasara, Ida village, "{[inami- 1 Murodist169 l Hirasima,Udonovillage,ditto l170 : Mizunomoto, Adawa villaRe, ditto

,

On the Size aiid Specific (liravity of Seashore Stmd. 245

Table 2.-(Uonti?zzced)

No.

].7].

172

l.73

174,

175

Place

176

].77

178

179

180

1'81

182

183

184

185

186

187

IIl

Month of Kumano River, Si]'igfi city

Simo-Kutnano,dittoAOhama, ditto

Singfi city

AOura, Nisimukai town, Higasi- murodist. 'Urati, ditto

Takasiba, Simosato town, IIigasi- muro dist.

Konosiro, Tamanoura, ditto

The beach near Nati station, ditto

Mouth of Nati River, Nati town, ditto

Vkui, Ukui village, ditto

Esumi vi]lage, Nisimuro dist., ditto

Hosino, ditto

Mirotu, Esu village, ditto

Tonda vi}lage, ditto

Sirahama, Setokanayama village

K6roen, Nisinomiya

No. l

] l188 !

Place

189

190

191

l92

193

194

195

196

197

198

199

200

201

202

203

204

205

206

I

I

il

iiI

l

I

iII

A place neaT the 6th brerlcwater at Kobe

Sioya, Akasi dist.

Akasi, ditto

Asiya, Muko dist.

Sikama, Sil<ama dist.

fl]atanomi, Toyota dist,

Kosaki, ditto

Suna･mi, ditto

Itokaiti to"rn, Saeki dist,

AOtake town, ditto

()no town, ditto

Mihara-mati, Mihara eity

ltogaki-rriati, ditto

Aga-mati, Kure city

[l]al<ehara town, Kamo dist.

Tomo town, Numakuma dist.

The coast at Hukuyama Bay

[I]he coast at Ma･tunaga Ba･y

Kud6 village, Ha･ta dist.

Table 3

No.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

l2

13

Speeific gravity FF Apparentspeeifie gravit}r

I?orosityl1Il

2.7

2.5

2,6

2.8

2.7

2.7

2,8

2.7

3.3

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

I

ii

I

EP

1i

1.64

1.59

1.58

.l.54

1J3

1.52

1.55

1.53

1.92

1.50

1.47

1.59

1,58

O.39

O.P,6

O.39

O.45

O.36

O.44

O,45

O.43

O.42

O.44

O.46

' O.41 O.39

'

1jiI

I

I

ll

I

'

Average (liaineter

tO,55

O.3

O.3)

O.25

O.6

O.25

O.3

O.3

O.3

o.2r)

O.55

O.5

'

,

246

No,

l4

l?,

IK

lg

:5

Z,i

Z5,

:g

gg

:i

g:

:g

337

s

Z",

21

2:,3

g2,

27,

gg

51'

Y. Ikeda, M, Aramath･ and K. Yoneta.

Table 3.-(aontinz`ecl)

Specific gravity

2.7 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2a7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2,7 2.7 2.7 2.7

2.7 3.l 3.0 2.9

3.e 2.8

3.0 3.0

2.8 2.7

3.0 3.0 3.0 2.7 3.0 3,7 3.0 2.8

2.8

Apparent.E.!'ggl'fic gray.}' g¥.

1.54 1.54

1.48 1.53

1A3 1.61 1.62 1.53

1.55

1.53 1.56

1.62 1.64 1.64 1.56

1.56

1,6e 1.36

1.50 1.83

1.80 1.71

1.56 1.64 1.55

1.69 1.58

1.49

L56 1.56 1.52 1.45 1.56 1.65 1.59

1.46 1.51

PorositST

l?p

O.43

O.49

O.45

O.43

O.43

O.40

O.40

O.43

O.45

O,43

O.42

O.40

O.39

O.41

O.42

O.42

O.21

O.50

O.45

O,40

O.40

O.41

O.48

O.42

O.48

O.44

O.44

O.45

O.48

O.48

O.49

O.43

O.48

O.56

O.47

O.48

O.46

Average diaineter

O,25-

O,35 O.25 O.3 O.25

O.7 O.45

O.3

025 O.5 O.5 O.6 O.55 O.75 O,3 O.6

O.65-O.75

O.45 O.4l.O-O.8

O.61.0-O.8

O.35

O.5 O,45 i O.9O,3-O.35

O,35--O.4

O.7 O.5 O.35

O.4O.4-O.45

O.55O.35-O.4

+

No.

',6'

2Z

gg

gg

g,9

g,i

:,:

X2

,67

68gg

'l;

g2

g5,

77s7

gg

gl

::

zz

:g

89

On the Size and Speeific Gravity of Seashore Saild.

Table 3.-(aontinzeed)

247

Specific gravity

2.8

2.8

2,6

2.6

2.8

2.5

3.0

3.5

3.0

2.8

3.0

2.6 .

3.0

3.0

2.7

3.0

2.5

2.8

2.3

2.3

2.5

3.0

2.8

3.0

2.5

2.8

2.8

2.7

3.0

3,O

3.0

2.5

3.0

2.5

2.8

3.0

Apparentspeeifie gravlty...

Porosity

.I

Average･ diameter

1.51

1.54

1,38

1.40

1.32

1.40

1.38

1.83

l.68

1.72

1.59

1.53

1.52

l.62

1.54

1,40

1.45

1.53

1.47

1.01

l.35

l.56

1.72

1.60

1.63

I.66

1.61

1.61

l,44

1,61

1.69

1.41

1.60

1.65

1,66

1.64

E

I

O.46

O.45

O.47

O.46

O.53

O.44

O,54

O.48

O.44

O.39

O.47

O,41

O.49

O.46

O.43

O.53

O.42

O.45

O.36

O.56

O.46

O.48

'O.39

O,47

O.35

O.4I

O.42

O.40

O.52

O.46

O.44

O.44

O.47 -O.34

O.41

O.45

II

I

lill

I

O.4t5

O.35

O.4

O.5O,75-O.8

O.5

O.4

O.25-O.3

O.3O.5-O.55･

O.55O.4-O.45

O.3

O.6

O.35

O.4

O.3O.45-O.5

O.35-O.4

O.4-O.45

O.2-O.25

O,25

O,8

O.6O.4-O.45

2.5O.8-O.85

O,5-O.55

O.35-O.4

O,25

O,5-O.55

O,4

O.35

O.45

O.55-O,6

O,95-l..O

,

248

No.

90

g2i

g3,

g,5

gg

19oot

101

102

l.03

104

lgz

lo,g

l?g

ll.1

ll2

ll2

115

ll.6

li,g

l}g

l3,i

l:2

125

126

127

Y. Ikeda, iM. Aramat!t･ ftnd l<. Yoneta,

1"able 3.-(Oontin?teel)

Speeifie gravity

2.5 ,

2.7

2.7

2..7

2.8

3.e

3.0

3.0

2.7

3.0

2.8

2.6

3.0

3,O

3.0

2.9

3.0

2.6

3.0

2.8

2.8

3.0

2.8

2.8

3.0

2.7

2.8

2.8

3.0

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.7

' Apparentspeeifie gravity

r

ll

IF:

lf

t

lI

1 31

1.65

1.74

1.73

1.36

1.55

l,58

1.63

1.63

1.58

1.63

1.61

1.56

1.59

1.60

1.52

1.51

1.61

1.49

1.58

1.51

1,59

1,62

l.52

1.53

i.53

i.56

1.59

1.59

1.46

1.51

1.56

1.58

l.59

1.69

1.62

1.43 Il

I'orosity

O.4.8

O.39

O.36

O.38

O.55

O.48

O.47

O.40

O.46

O.44

O.37

O.45

O.48

O.47

O.45

O.49

O.42

O.46

O.48

O.44

O.50

O. 43

O.42

O.49

O.46

O.45

O.44

O.47

O.41

O.46

O.44

O.44

O.44

O.47

O,42

O.42

O.47

Fi:

;

i1

1

I

l1

i1

1li

l

llI

F

Ave)'age diameter

O.b'-04

O.4-OA5

O.4 O.35O.5-O,55

1.2O.6-Q.7

O.7-O.8

O,5O.45･-O.5

O.5o.3s-o.4r)

O.45

O.35

O.3

O.85

O.45

O.85O.35-O.4

O.8-O.85

]..e

O.3-O.3C

O.3:O.35

O.6

O,5

O.4

1.2O.35-O.4

O.35-O.4

O.45

O.45

O.35

O.35

O.915

O.3

,

No.

128

l29

130

l31

]32

l33

]34

l35

].36

l37

l38

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

l48

l49

l50

]51

152

153

]54

15E3

156

157

l58

l59

160

16i

].62

163

]64

l65

On the Size and Speeit'ie Gravity of Seasl)ore Sand.

Table :3,.-(Oon･tan2eecZ)

249･

Ii:'

Speeifie gravity

2.7 2.7

2.7 2.7 2.5 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.7

2.7 2.6

2.7 2.7

2.7 2.8 2.8 3.0

2.7

2.7

2.7 2.7

3.0･ 3,O

2,8 2.7 3.0 2.7

2.9 3.0 2.3 2.8 3.7

2.7 2.7

3,O 2.7 2.7

2.6

Apparent i'speeific gravity l

]Porosity

1.IO 1.27

1,50

1.45

1.32 .1.55

1.55

1.29

1.56

IL48ttfi

1.41

1.48

1.56

1.53

1.34

l,49 . 1.41,

l.30

1.30

1A9 1.47

.1.59

l.50

1.64

l,24

1.56

1.47

l.58

1.59

1.42 1.45,

l.94

1.49

l.52 1.75

1.38

1.56

l.45

O.59

O.53

O.4.tt)

O.43

O.47

O,48

O.48

O.52

O.42

e.45

O.46

O.45

O,42

O.43

O.52

O.46

O.53

O.52

O.52

O.45

O.46

O.47

O.50

O.48

O.54

O.48

O.46

O,45

O.47

O.38

O.48

O.48

O.45

O.44

O.42

O.49

O.42

O.44

Average diameter

IE

Et[II

l

i

I

IIIIIIj

:l

El

II

I

l

I

i

:

i!

:/

I/

i

i

i

I

j

11

l

i

l

i

i

ll

j

I

EE

O.25

O.25

O.4

O.3-O.3b

O,7-O.7e5

O.45-O.5

O.25

1.05

o.sr)

O,3

O,3

O.3

O.25

O.5

O.35

O.3

O.2

O.25

O.5

O.25

O.45-O.5

O,3O.45-O.5

1,O

O.35

O,5

O,05

O,4O.4-O.45

O,55

O.3

O.3

'

250' Y. Ikeda, M.

Tab]e

Aramata and K, Yoneta.

3.-(aontinzeed)

No.

166

lg,7

lg,g

l7,}

'173

174

IIZ

l.77

l78

179

]80

181

182

183

184

i:2

lgg

189

190

191

192

193

194

I95

196

lg!

5&g

:O,>

203

Speeifie gravity Apparentspecifie graVity

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.7

3.0

2.7

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.9

2.7

2,7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2,8

2- .6

2.8

2.5

2.7

2.7

2.5

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.6

I

li

lr

Il

Il

iI

1

ji

1.41

l.40

1.6I

1.59

1.62

1.53

L591.68

1.48

1.80

1.66

1.65

1.51

1.56'1.55

1.56

1.64

1.54

1.62

1.66･

1.48

1.41

1.44

IA41.51

1.49

!.29

1.44

1.48

1.46

1.41

1.49

1.39

l..38

1.44

1.46

1,45

1.48

Porosity.

I

II

II

e

i1

O.48

O.45

O.41

O.41

O.40

O.43

O.41

O.4

O.45

O.4

O.38

O.45

O.48

O.43

O.47

O.42

O.39

O.43

O.40

O.38

O.47

O.48

O.47

O.47

O.42

O.47

O.5C

O.49

O.41

e.46

O.48

O.40

O.45

OA9O.45

O.44

O.42

O,43

Average diameter

I

i1li

l

Il-

I

il

:

l}

Ell

fll

E

i

I

lIllll.

IIT

O.3

O.3

O.6

O.35.

1.45

O.35

O.35-O.4

1.1

O.55

O,25

O.45

O.35

O.4,

O.6

1.25

1,2

O.3

O.25

1.05

O.65

e.2

O.6

O.7

O.65

O.5

O.5 ' O.5

O.6

1.15

O.6

No...t .1 .. ..

204

205

206

l1

Ori the Size and Specific Gravity of Seasliore Saiid.

, .Table3.-(Oontinzee{l)..

. ..........-L......t...t.....t...-......................-.-..-......L.....ttt..................................

imsp?ciAI,,gravity-.1･ .m.speaiPfiiaigrikifTity ...Li.!POklO,S,itY.

2.6 l, 1.43 . o:4s･ l/ 2.9 I 1.5I 1 Oi48 II i･ I

251

Average diarneter

O.6 .O.3

,O.25]

z. Frequency cttrve of dmax.

Values of d... obtained from the data of all samples are .sum-marized in Table 4, and indieated by a frequency eurve sho>arn inlitii{v o4.4s Jmtillgiiig frOM the resuit, aknost every al iies between o.2s

' ' [1]able 4. iFrequency of (Z... of Sand Grains,

dmax11} Inrr1.

0.075O.175O.275O.375O.475O.575O.675O.775O.875O.975l.075

s

li

l

/

N

Honsya-- ------ 1-------'""6"'rmu"L'-

l9 ! 25 ji 26 i lo2 ' ･z l2 8

Hokkaidol-- -----------

o 13 31 13 4 3 3 3 o o

'Karahuto

l

2iS

g88o

Sum Total

o10525929196551

o

)iri

T

60

50

40

30

20

10

O O,1

m.-"b

.

.

, . - O.5 1.0dmax

Fig. 4.. ,n' l

`

252 Y. Ikeda, Mt Aramata a･nd K, Yoneta,

3. Fkequency curve of the specifie gravity.

Let the specifie graVity be denoted by p and the number ot' grains

whi'eh lie between p and p+idp (`lp == O.iO) by .Ar. The data thus

obtained are summarized in ']]able 5. [l)he frequency curve whoseEsiRSoCxl,Si?aii//SFIeces?Peeifie graVity and ordinate the number is drawn as

' Table 5. Frequeney of Speeifie Gravity of Sand.

N ttSpecific

gravity

2.0

.2.1

2.2

2.3

.2.4

2,5

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

3.0

3,1

3,2'

l

iI

i

EE

F[

IIi

l

..O. gss o8

g

?

g,5

g.

gt

o

H6ngyfi

as/g .i.:5.8･

oo oo oe oo oo 14 25 18 8 11' 2

10 o IIO

oo oo

Sum

jo

8

g

g2:

,a

g

e. g

£o o$

io

g

gj ･a

ioi2

9

gj

tt tt ttt

L Ho}<kaido'L6"S"'i'ts'i¢'-'

oL o

oo ol o i ol o ol o I li O 21 i 3l 1.

71 10 10 3

IO 1

oo tr

tt tttt Karahuto Sumetc.

.!- .-1 .. 1 oo o o' oo 1 o ojo 2 2i･ O 1 Oi Ol O l 7] 2 21 , .1. I･I 4l 2

2[l'g 2Q I I15 413 oI i. i' o 7Ii 27 Ii 11. I oi i: o f ol o o I

:

1.-

li1

I

l

i1

I1

l

l

IIF[lI

l

SumTotal

i8o '"

3 o 14

ll

75

35

5 44

1 '

o

1oo

50 k T ･･ , 2.2 2.5 3.0 .-a, P Fig. 5,

1ihere oeeur two'maxima,, that 'is, the points at 2,7 and 3.0. Theformer eorresponds to the specific gravity of quartz and feldspar and

the latter is eonsidered to be affected by iron-sand.

'

On the Size and Specific Gravity of Seashore Saiid. 253

4. Frequency curve of porosity.

I,et the porosity of the sand be denoted by pu and the numbev of

tsamples which iie bet"'een 2) andi p+mp (`ij) = O.02) by .ZV. The data

obtained are suminarized in Table 6. The frequency curve thus obtained

is shown in Fig. 6. It shows that the number inc!'eases gradually at first

Table 6. Frequency of Porosity of Sand,

Il'orosity

O.315

O.335

O.355

O.375

O.395

O.415

O.435

O.455

O.475

O,495

O.515

0.535

O.555

O.575

O.595

Q.615

O.635

N

Honsya

PaeificOeean

o

()

o

1

6

6

4

{'i

9

4

o

1

e

o

o

o

o

Sea ofJ'apan

I

I

I

1

l

o

o

o

o

o

7

8

10

8

3

4

2

o

o

1

o

o

Inland Sea

o

o

o

o

2

1

4･

4

5

2

o

o

e

o

o

1

od

I

f

Sum

lo o o 1

8

l4

16

20

22

9

`

3

o

o

1

1

o

Hokkaido

Pacific

Ocean

o

1

1

o

3

2

3

1

5

o

1

o

o

e

o

o

o

Sea 6fJapan L-nvptI

o

o

c) -

o

1

3

4

6

8

1

o-

2

1

o

o

o

o.

ete.

:i

]1

I

I

]

I

Ii

1

lj

i

o

o

2

1

3

2

3

5

7

2

o

1

2

o

o

o

o

l

llIII

iil

Sum

o

1

3

1

7

7

10

12

20

3

1

3

3

o

o

o

o

Kara-huto

o

I

'o

2

6

8

6

t']'

o

1

o

o

o

o

o

0

o

SumTotal

o

2

3

4

21

29

32

37

42

13

5

6

3

o

1

1

o

Vi:i

'T

50

40

30

20

10

.

.

.

.

--

.30 ..40 .50 aj porosity

Fig. 6.

.60

254 Y, IKEDA) M. Aramata and K. Yoneta.

and after reaching its maximum decreases suddenly. It is remarl<able

tl}at the maximum point of the porosity is nearl>r to the maximumporosity given by an assemblage' of spheres of equal diameter,

' tt S. Theveelationbetweennmaxandporosity. .

From 2 above it ean be seen that when ･n... is large, the greater

number of grains is arranged within a narrow range of diamater, andinversely when n... is sinall, the size of grains is widely distributed:

in sueh a case the sinall grains fill the vabant spaee whieh is made

when the large grains alone are fi11ed up and consequently the poresity

js low in this case. Indeed the relation between n... and porosity is

indicated by the set of points showll in Fig, 7 and the points are

limitedtoanarrowspace. ･

30

l -l 2o .-.i';Lki:tl,:,L't,

.･fl1.,::tt/: . ---t'-C'-:, 'v･･i':'.sil･ , - -A-- /; l .:XIO ,.[i[T:,;..:L'2(::

' -- t =-'t

.35 AO ,45 .50 .--> poroSitiY

Fig. 7,

'