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PHYSICAL INJURY PREVENTION AT WORKPLACE
Instructor: Dr. Patrick TschidaPUBH-6165-5 Environmental Health
Presented ByArunachalam Subramanian
Walden UniversityJuly 30, 2011
Contents
Environmental Hazards in the Workplace Common Occupational Diseases in
Ontario Workplace Injuries in Ontario Prevention of Injuries at Workplace Employee’s Responsibility in Injury
Prevention Useful Links References
Environmental Hazards in the Workplace
Classification of Hazards
Physical Hazards Ergonomic Hazards Chemical Hazards Biological Hazards
Moeller, D.W. (2005). Environmental Health. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Physical Hazards
Electrical hazards Unguarded machinery Mobile equipments Heights/Scaffolding Spills/Tripping hazards Extremes of Temperature/Pressure Vibration Constant loud noise Sunlight and other radiation hazards
Moeller, D.W. (2005). Environmental Health. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Ergonomic Hazards
Poor lighting Poor posture Improperly designed
workstations and chairs Frequent lifting of heavy objects Awkward/Repetitive/Forceful movements
Moeller, D.W. (2005). Environmental Health. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Common Occupational Diseases in Ontario
Psychological disorders (almost half of all claims) Musculoskeletal injuries and diseases Lung disease Cancer Traumatic injuries Occupational cardiovascular disease Reproductive disorders Neurological disorders Noise induced hearing loss Skin diseases
Office of the Worker Adviser. (2011). Occupational Diseases. Retreived from http://www.owa.gov.on.ca/fact_sheets/occupational_disease.html
Musculoskeletal Injuries and diseases
Slips and falls Fractures Dislocations Injuries to nerves and spinal cord Repetitive strain injuries
MSD account for 40 % of all claimsBack pain constitute 7% of all MSDs
Health Canada. (2011). Environmental and Workplace Health. Retreived from http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/hazards-risques/index-eng.php
Noise Induced Hearing Loss
Conductive hearing loss Sensorineural hearing loss
Health Canada. (2011). Environmental and Workplace Health. Retreived from http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/hazards-risques/index-eng.php
Occupational Diseases of the Skin
Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (White finger)
Friction blisters Frost-bite Burns Silica in abrasions (Sarcoidal granulomas)
Health Canada. (2011). Environmental and Workplace Health. Retreived from http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/hazards-risques/index-eng.php
Work Related Injuries, by Industry
Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. (2011). Work – Work-related Injuries. Retreived from http://www4.hrsdc.gc.ca/[email protected]?iid=20
Work Related Injuries, by Province
Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. (2011). Work – Work-related Injuries. Retreived from http://www4.hrsdc.gc.ca/[email protected]?iid=20
Workplace Injuries in Ontario
Years
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Total Injuries/Illnesses 224,955 217,020
206,531 165,495 154,862
Derived Number of Full-Time Equivalent Workers Covered by WSIB (rounded to the nearest million) 4.2 4.2 4.1 3.9 4.0
Workplace Safety and Insurance Board. (2011). Health and Safety Statistics. Retreived from http://www.wsib.on.ca/en/community/WSIB/230/ArticleDetail/24338?vgnextoid=2609e35c819d7210VgnVCM100000449c710aRCRD
Workplace Injuries in Ontario
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Ministry of Labour (MOL) 62 50 46 47 57
WSIB Traumatic Fatalities By Year of Death 76 87 63 64 67
Total Traumatic Fatalities MOL & WSIB 101 99 78 73 84
WSIB Occupational Disease Fatalities By Year Allowed 221 263 246 251 293
Total Fatalities 322 362 324 324 377
Workplace Safety and Insurance Board. (2011). Health and Safety Statistics. Retreived from http://www.wsib.on.ca/en/community/WSIB/230/ArticleDetail/24338?vgnextoi d=2609e35c819d7210VgnVCM100000449c710aRCRD
Workplace Injuries in Ontario
Years
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Self Employed or Owner Operator 16 4 11 1 11
Youth: Under the age of 25 at the time of injury 10 8 6 4 6
Women 6 8 4 4 3
Motor Vehicle Incidents on Public Roads 24 34 19 17 19
Federal Jurisdiction 4 6 5 3 4
Workplace Safety and Insurance Board. (2011). Health and Safety Statistics. Retreived from http://www.wsib.on.ca/en/community/WSIB/230/ArticleDetail/24338?vgnextoid=2609e35c819d7210VgnVCM100000449c710aRCRD
Prevention of Injuries at Workplace
Common Factors Increasing the Risk
Awkward Posture and Positioning Excessive Force High Repetition Poor physical condition Direct Pressure / Contact Stress Vibration Cold and extreme temperatures (environmental
factors) Fatigue
Workplace Safety and Prevention Services. (2011). Workers. Retreived from http://www.healthandsafetyontario.ca/Resources/Topics/Workers.aspx
Controls Implemented by Health and Safety Committee
Engineering Controls Work Practice Controls Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) Administrative Controls
Take One Step. (2011). Workplace Hazards. Retreived from http://www.takeonestep.org/Pages/yoursafety/safenotsorry/workplacehazards.aspx
Engineering Controls
Workstation Design and Set up Design of Work Methods Tools and Handle Design
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety. (2011). Education and Training. Retreived from http://www.ccohs.ca/education/
Work Practice Controls
Proper training of employees Proper techniques to improve posture Correct lifting techniques Proper maintenance of equipments and
tools Correct use of workstations and fixtures Conditioning period for new employees Monitoring and Feedback Adjustments and Modifications
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety. (2011). Education and Training. Retreived from http://www.ccohs.ca/education/
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Proper fit Proper protection Should not increase ergonomic stressors
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety. (2011). Education and Training. Retreived from http://www.ccohs.ca/education/
Administrative Controls
Providing sufficient rest pauses Considering overtime work related stress Increasing the number of employees for tough
task Using job rotation Providing sufficient numbers of relief personnel Maintenance program for industrial
equipments Effective housekeeping
Ontario Ministry of Labour. (2010). Engaging Workplaces. Retreived from http://www.labour.gov.on.ca/english/hs/sawo/about.php#engaging
Employee’s Responsibility in Injury Prevention
What can be done to prevent injuries?
Identify situations that can result in injuriesReport any injuries or hazards immediatelyRefuse to work in unsafe situationsKnow about potential hazards in your workplaceParticipate in workplace health and safety issues
Ontario Ministry of Labour. (2011). If I am Injured at Work. Retreived from http://www.worksmartontario.gov.on.ca/scripts/default.asp?contentID=2-5-0
Reasons for not reporting injuries
Employer may be a family member or friend Do not want to upset by reporting injury Afraid of the boss thinking you inability to
perform the job properly Thinking that the injury is not very serious Afraid of co-workers thinking less of you
Ontario Ministry of Labour. (2010). Safe At Work Ontario Basics. Retreived from http://www.labour.gov.on.ca/english/hs/sawo/about.php
Useful Links
Many organizations are involved in occupational health and safety in Canada and Ontario
The Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB) of OntarioThe Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (
CCOHS)Occupational Health Clinics for Ontario Workers (OHCOW)Canada ’s National Occupational Health and Safety (CANOSH)Labour Canada - The Human Resources and Skills
Development department has some information on workplace safety
References
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety. (2011). Education and Training. Retreived from http://www.ccohs.ca/education/
Health Canada. (2011). Environmental and Workplace Health. Retreived from http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/hazards-risques/index-eng.php
Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. (2011). Work – Work-related Injuries. Retreived from http://www4.hrsdc.gc.ca/[email protected]?iid=20
Moeller, D.W. (2005). Environmental Health. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Office of the Worker Adviser. (2011). Occupational Diseases. Retreived from http://www.owa.gov.on.ca/fact_sheets/occupational_disease.html
Ontario Ministry of Labour. (2010). Engaging Workplaces. Retreived from http://www.labour.gov.on.ca/english/hs/sawo/about.php#engaging
References
Ontario Ministry of Labour. (2010). Safe At Work Ontario Basics. Retreived from http://www.labour.gov.on.ca/english/hs/sawo/about.php
Ontario Ministry of Labour. (2011). If I am Injured at Work. Retreived from http://www.worksmartontario.gov.on.ca/scripts/default.asp?contentID=2-5-0
Take One Step. (2011). Workplace Hazards. Retreived from http://www.takeonestep.org/Pages/yoursafety/safenotsorry/workplacehazards.aspx
Workplace Safety and Insurance Board. (2011). Health and Safety Statistics. Retreived from http://www.wsib.on.ca/en/community/WSIB/230/ArticleDetail/24338?vgnextoid=2609e35c819d7210VgnVCM100000449c710aRCRD
Workplace Safety and Prevention Services. (2011). Workers. Retreived from http://www.healthandsafetyontario.ca/Resources/Topics/Workers.aspx