Comparison of Flight Rules

Instrument Flight RulesWilmington UniversityRobert Beard

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IFR vs. VFRIFRInstrument Flight RulesUsing instruments to fly VFRVisual Flight RulesVisually looking where you are flying

Jimmy Doolittle and IFR FlightBorn Alameda California1917 enlisted in Army Air Corp First Lieutenant 1918First to envision IFR

Obtaining ClearanceMust have flight plan filed and clearance

Cleared Route Altimeter FrequencyTransponder

After Clearance Ground controller guidance to runwayControl tower for take offContact departure controlRoute and airspace clear of aircraftsAirway 4 miles wideUse of ground based beacons, GPS and INS systems

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Ground Based Navigation BeaconsUsed to make flight routesVery high frequencyOmni directionalRange

Marker BeaconsUsed for precision airport approaches using ILS system Outer Marker : 4-7 miles from runwayMiddle marker: 0.5-0.8 miles from runwayInner marker: beginning of runway threshold

GPS NavigationSatellites guide aircrafts using waypointsGPS Waypoints use 5 letter names

ILSMost commonly used when landing in bad weatherInstrument Landing System

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Flying EnrouteSwitch from departure controller to centerControls high altitude airspaces

SIDS and STARSSIDS = Standard Instrument DepartureAlso known as departure proceduresLocated on off rampsSTARS= Standard Terminal Arrival RoutesLocated on ramps

Non Towered AirportsTake offAir traffic control (ATC) gives clearance with a void timeLanding Remain under ATC control until landingCancel IFR once landed