insulated balcony connection hit 13-us - halfen · between the balcony and the floor slab. this...
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HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION
CONCRETE
HIT 13-US
2 © 2013 HALFEN · HIT 13-US · www.halfenusa.com2
B alconies offer additional living space and increase the quality of life – as
long as they do not compromise the insulation of the building interior. The insulation problems of concrete balconies are solved with the HIT balcony connection from HALFEN.
SafeAll load-bearing components in the insulating joint are made from of high-quality corrosion-resistant stainless steel. All HALFEN HIT balcony connections are available with reliable fire protection.
EfficientIntegral polystyrene insulation and the selective use of stainless steel components almost eliminates thermal transfer between the balcony and the floor slab. This reduces heat loss through the structure and reduces the possibility of interior condensation and mold growth.
Turn up the Heat on InsulationImproved quality of life with the HIT balcony connection from HALFEN –
efficient solutions for your balcony designs.
Versatile An extensive range of sizes and configurations enable a HALFEN HIT solution for virtually all concrete balcony connections, whether fully cantilevered, partially projecting or fully inset. We can also offer you an insulated connection solution for many other types of projecting concrete features including, walkways, corbels, parapets, and canopies.
Eco-friendlyHALFEN HIT connections are designed to help maintain comfortable interior temperatures while reducing energy use. Many advantages with one result:
HALFEN provides safety, reliability and efficiency for you and your customers.
Apartment building with HIT, Canada
71°F5°F
HALFEN USA Inc. · PO Box 547 Converse · TX 78109 Phone: 800.423.9140 · www.halfenusa.com · [email protected]
3© 2013 HALFEN · HIT 13-US · www.halfenusa.com
HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION Table of content
Introduction 4Advantages 5
Features and Benefits 6 -7
Further design considerations 8
Type overview 9
Introduction HIT-BX and HIT-BX±Q 10
Introduction HIT-BX-ECK 11
Introduction HIT-BQ and HIT±BQ 12
Introduction HIT-VT 13
Introduction HIT-BD 14
Introduction HIT-HT 15
Introduction HIT-FT, HIT-AT, and HIT-OT 16
Introduction HIT-WT 17
Engineering request form 18
Project gallery 19
4 © 2013 HALFEN · HIT 13-US · www.halfenusa.com4
HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION Introduction
Higher environmental demands, increasing
energy costs, and the desire for healthier
and more comfortable living space have
led to thicker insulation layers in residential
and commercial buildings in recent years.
With thicker insulation layers, the influence
of local thermal bridges in the total energy
Simple to install, HIT Insulated Connections
are designed to minimize thermal bridging
at all concrete members that cross the
insulation layer of the building such as
balconies, cantilever roofs, and fin walls.
Thermal Bridging
The HIT Solution
Components
consumption of a building becomes larger.
One of the most significant thermal bridges
are balconies and other similar structures
that stick out of the building and thus cross
the insulation layer. These members act like
cooling fins that cool down the building in
winter time. As the temperature at the inte-
HALFEN HIT Insulated Connections are
available for different concrete thicknesses
and loading conditions. Custom solutions
to fit special project requirements are
available. Integralἀfire protection is also
available.
rior surfaces around the thermal
break decreases, mold issues caused by
condensation occur. The system also
works the opposite way in areas where
the outer temperatures are high and air
condition is used to compensate the high
outer temperatures.
71of5of
Typical HALFEN HIT Insulated Connection
Label: assembly, installation procedure
Tension bars made of standard reinforcing steel connected with a high-grade stainless steel tube
Shear bar ‒ high-grade stainless steel
Pressure pads ‒ high-grade stainless steel
Synthetic cover or fire protection board
Polystyrene
5© 2013 HALFEN · HIT 13-US · www.halfenusa.com
HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION Advantages
In cold weather thermal bridging leads to a cooling of the inner
surface areas around the thermal bridge leading to following areas
of concern for designers:
▪ Risk of condensation
▪ Risk of interior mold growth
▪ Risk of concrete cracking under thermal movement
▪ High energy costs
▪ High CO2 emissions
▪ Cooling down of the surface areas around the balcony (cold feet
syndrome)
▪ Increased lifetime building maintenance costs
▪ Pour stop at the connection to use higher grade concrete at the
balcony needs additional effort
The use of HIT Insulated Connections optimizes the connection
detail in the following points:
▪ Definite thermal separation between floor slab and balcony
▪ Significantly reduced risk of condensation
▪ Significantly lower risk of interior mold growth
▪ Reduced risk of concrete cracking
▪ Lower energy costs
▪ Less CO2 emissions
▪ Reduced lifetime building maintenance costs
▪ HIT can be used as a pour stop to use higher grade concrete in
the balcony area if needed
Thermal gradient non insulated balcony
Thermal gradient insulated balcony
Thermal gradient insulated balcony
Temperature below the dew point
54° F
23 °F 28 °F 33 °F 38 °F 43 °F 48 °F 53 °F 63 °F 68 °F
Outside temperature below the dew point
23° F
Room temperature
68° F
Room temperature
68° F
Outside temperature
23° F
Temperature OK
63° F
6 © 2013 HALFEN · HIT 13-US · www.halfenusa.com
HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION Features and Benefits
Reasons for movement induced cracking in thermally exposed concrete parts
Temperature differences between the build-
ing (inside the insulation) and the balcony
(outside the insulation) provoke a difference
in movement in the two members. A
conventional rigid connection does not
allow any differential movement. This
leads to tension in the concrete and first
movement cracks occur.
Differential movement causes cracking in connection area
The HIT solution
The concrete cracks expose the reinforce-
ment to oxygen and humidity resulting in
corrosion in the reinforcement.
Corrosion of the reinforcement leads to
concrete spalling.
The maintenance costs to treat the cracks
are significantly high. The treatment of the
cracks does not solve the central issue and
new cracks will occur.
Finally the balcony needs to be replaced.
Movement joint doweling, e.g. HALFEN HSD Set
Movement joint
3 1/4"
≤ 18
’
≤ 18’≤ 36’
The HIT units allow for differential move-
ment in the two connected parts inside
and outside the building. The balcony can
expand and contract without constraints.
Cracking in the exposed concrete parts can
be significantly reduced. To make sure, the
HIT can take the differential movement, a
maximum length of 36’ is recommended
for the exposed concrete member. If longer
structures are required, movement joints are
recommended.
To prevent differential deflection between
two continuous structures but allow for
horizontal movement, shear dowels can
be used.
≤ 36' ≤ 18'
≤ 1
8'
Winter Summer
Insulation InsulationBalcony Balcony
Main slab Main slab
70 F inside
70 F inside
0 F outside
100 F outside
Movement cracks
Main slab
BalconyInsulation
7© 2013 HALFEN · HIT 13-US · www.halfenusa.com
HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION Features and Benefits
Reasons to selec t HIT Insulated Connections for your next design
Wide range of products Many versions of HIT Insulated Connections can be provided. The range enables a great variety of concrete thicknesses, shapes, and load configurations to be safely supported.
Long term energy savings Concrete structures with HIT units can be 10 to 15 times more thermally efficient than traditional solutions.
Long term maintenance savings Less damage from condensation and mold growth produces lower maintenance costs. HIT permits thermal expansion and contraction of the balcony with significantly reduced movement-induced cracking to the concrete, exposure of reinforcement, and attendant concrete spalling.
Health benefits Reducing condensation and mold growth produces a healthier environment for the building occupants.
Comprehensive engineering support HALFEN engineers will be pleased to assist with detailed design and product selection to suit the requirements of each project.
Environmental Benefits Heat emissions from buildings and the release of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels used to heat and cool them are contributing factors to climate change. HIT Insulated Balcony Connections can contribute to a reduction in the environmental impact.
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8 © 2013 HALFEN · HIT 13-US · www.halfenusa.com
HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION Further design considerations
Room
tem
pera
ture
77°
F
Dew
poi
nt t
empe
ratu
re [
° F]
Relative humidity in the room
Room
tempe
ratu
re 68
° F
Room
tempe
rature
59°
F
68
64
61
57
54
50
46
43
Sound reduction test report for HIT Type BX-12/10-20
Fire protection boards
Dew pointTo reduce the possibility of mold and the development of condensation the temperatures of all surfaces within the living space have to be kept above the dew point. The dew point temperature varies according to the temperature and relative humidity of the living space. In the example indicated in the graph the dew point occurs at 54º F when the room temperature is 68º F and the humidity is 60 %. HIT Insulated Balcony Connections play an important role in enabling the temperature of the internal structure to be maintained above the dew point in the areas around concrete parts that are breaking through the insulation of the building.
Fire protectionHIT Insulated Balcony Connections are available with or without fire protection board. Ninety minute or two hour fire protection designs are available, and it is recommended that these designs are developed in consultation with HALFEN design staff.
LEEDHALFEN strongly supports sustainable building practices, such as those established by the U.S. Green Building Council's Lead-ership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System™, NAHB Green, and local green building codes.HIT Insulated Balcony Connections help to reduce the thermal bridges and thus optimize the energy performance of the building. HALFEN can also provide information about the recycled content of the insulated connection units to help achieve LEED points in the Material & Resources section.
Sound reductionHIT Insulated Balcony Connections can contribute to sound reduction in sensitive areas such as walkways. Independent tests according to international standards such as ISO 140 and ISO 717 have been performed on a number of HIT types. The sound insulation properties vary according to the type and dimensions of the HIT product selected, but typical sound reduction is in the region of 11 dB. HALFEN design staff will be pleased to assist in assessing noise reduction of HIT products on a project basis.
Dew point diagram
Dew point, f ire protection, and noise reduction
Temperature OK
63° F
9© 2013 HALFEN · HIT 13-US · www.halfenusa.com
Type overview
HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION
Type of balcony HIT unit Internal forces Page
10
10
11
12
13
14
16
17
HIT-BX±Q HIT-BX±Q
HIT
-BQ
HIT-BX
HIT-BD
HIT-BX±Q HIT-BX±Q
HIT
-BQ
HIT-VT
HIT
-VT
HIT
-VT
B
Main slabSite installed thermal insulation
BalconyExternal Wall
External Wall
Internal wallExternal wall
Parapet
HIT-FT HIT-FT HIT-FT
Roof slabIn-situ thermal insulation
ParapetCorbelled
Cantilever balcony
Internal corner
External corner
Supported balcony
Recessed balcony
Cantilever balcony with seismic
Parapet/Corbel
External Wall
HALFEN HIT-BX
HALFEN HIT-BX±Q
HALFEN HIT-BX-ECK
HALFEN HIT-BQ, HIT-±BQ
HALFEN HIT-VT
HALFEN HIT-BD
HALFEN HIT-FT, OT, AT
HALFEN HIT-WT
HIT-BQ
HIT-BX-ECK
10 © 2013 HALFEN · HIT 13-US · www.halfenusa.com
Simple cantilever and propped Type overview HIT-BX, HIT-BX±Q, HIT-BX-MOD, HIT-BX±Q -MOD
HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION
HIT-BX HIT-BX-MOD
n× HIT-BX-MOD
HIT-BX HIT-BX-MOD
n× HIT-BX-MOD
Dew point, f ire protection
and noise reduction
HIT-BX balcony for cantilevered balconies and HIT-BX±Q for internal corners
HIT-BX, HIT-BX±Q, HIT-BX-MOD and HIT-BX±Q-MOD application examples
HIT-BX units are designed to take over bending moments and shear forces provoked by typical cantilevered balconies. The shorter HIT-BX-MOD unit allows adjusting the insulation joint length to the project requirements. HIT-BX and HIT-BX-MOD are the most commonly used types. HIT-BX±Q and HIT-BX±Q-MOD are able to take negative (upward directed) shear loads like they occur at internal corner conditions.
Fig. 1: Cantilevered balcony
Fig. 3: Internal corner balcony
Fig. 2: Cantilever balcony curved on plan
HIT-BX HIT-BX meter-length element, B = 3' - 3 3/8" (100 cm)
HIT-BX-MOD HIT-BX 20 cm module, B = 7 7/8" (20 cm)
HIT-BX±Q HIT-BX±Q-MOD
Balcony Main slab
Standard version, either meter-length element or 20-cm module
HIT-BX HIT-BX-MOD
BalconyMain slab
Standard version, either meter-length element or 20 cm module
Balcony
Balcony
HIT-BX±Q HIT-BX
HIT
-BX
Balcony
11© 2013 HALFEN · HIT 13-US · www.halfenusa.com
Simple cantilever and propped balconies
HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION
HIT-BX-ECK balcony connector for external corner conditions
HIT-BX-ECK application example
HIT-BX-ECK units are designed to take over the internal forces, implemented at external corner conditions. The use of HIT-BX-ECK units makes sure; the bars of the two adjoining units can overlap properly. HIT-BX-ECK units are used in combination with HIT-BX units.
Fig. 1: Cantilevered balcony with wrap-around external corner; the connection includes a HIT-BX-2L module.
HIT-BX-ECK Corner element, B = 2' - 2 3/4" (68 cm)
HIT-BX-ECK
h ≥ 18 cm
HIT-BX-ECK
HIT-BX-MODHIT-BX
HIT-BX-ECK
Balcony Main slab
Balcony
12 © 2013 HALFEN · HIT 13-US · www.halfenusa.com
HIT-BQ
HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION Type overview HIT-BQ, HIT-±BQ
HIT-BQ and HIT-±BQ balcony connectors for propped balconies
HIT-BQ, HIT-±BQ application examples
HIT-BQ units take over shear forces found at the connection of propped balconies. As the units allow rotation, they will not provoke bending moments.
HIT-±BQ units take over shear forces in both directions. As the units allow rotation, they will not provoke bending moments.
Fig. 1: Propped balcony with HIT-BQ units Fig. 2: Propped balcony with overhang with HIT-±BQ units
HIT-BQ Meter-length element, B = 3' - 3 3/8" (100 cm)
HIT-±BQ Meter-length element, B = 3' - 3 3/8" (100 cm)
Shorter units are available on request
Shorter units are available on request
HIT-±BQ
HIT-BQ
HIT-±BQ
Balcony Main slab
Balcony Main slab
Balcony
Balcony
13© 2013 HALFEN · HIT 13-US · www.halfenusa.com
HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION Type overview HIT-VT
HIT-VT balcony connector for recessed balconies
HIT-VT application examples
HIT-VT units take over shear forces only. As the units have no pressure pads they allow unimpeded movement of the balcony and can be used on opposite sides of one balcony.
Fig. 1: Balcony/loggia simply supported on 3 sides, two way spanning slab. Use HIT-HT units to transfer horizontal loads.
Fig. 3: Simply supported balcony. Use HIT-HT units to transfer horizontal loads.
Fig. 4: Balcony simply supported on 2 sides and with corner support. Use HIT-HT units to transfer horizontal loads.
Fig. 2: Balcony/loggia, simply supported on 2 sides, one way spanning slab. Use HIT-HT units to transfer horizontal loads.
HIT-VT Meter-length element, B = 3' - 3 3/8" (100 cm)
Units can be cut on site to fit to custom width
HT3
Balcony
HT3
Balcony
= In-situ thermal insulation
Balcony Balcony
HIT-VT
Balcony
Main slab
14 © 2013 HALFEN · HIT 13-US · www.halfenusa.com
HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION Type overview HIT-BD
HIT-BD balcony connector for uplift shear loads and bending moments
HIT-BD application examples
HIT-BD units are capable of transfering both positive and negative moment and shear loads. They can be used when the balcony is part of a continuous slab or for cantilever balconies in tall structures where high wind loads can exceed the self weight of the balcony. HIT-BD can also be used in areas where seismic loads provoke uplifting forces.
Fig. 1: Balcony slab located within a continous main slab, e.g. a loggoa. The balcony slab connection transfers positive and negative moments and shear forces.
Fig. 3: Cantilever balcony with seismic loading, HIT-BD unit takes over upward bending moment and shear load.
Fig. 2: Balcony slab located within a continous main slab, e.g. a loggia. The balcony slab connection transfers positive and negative moments and shear forces.
HIT-BD Meter-length element, B = 3' - 3 3/8" (100 cm)
Units can be cut on site to fit to custom balcony width
HIT-BD
HIT
-BD
HIT
-VT
HIT-BD
HIT
-BD
HIT
-VT
Balcony
WD bauseits
HIT
-BD
HIT
-VT
HIT
-BD
HIT
-VT
In-situ thermal insulation
Balcony
HIT-BD
HIT-HT1HIT-BD HIT-BDHIT-BX HIT-BX
Balcony
Balcony Main slab
15© 2013 HALFEN · HIT 13-US · www.halfenusa.com
HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION Type overview HIT-HT
HIT-HT balcony connector for lateral loads
HIT-HT application examples
HIT-HT units are used when horizontal forces have to be trans-ferred through the insulation joint parallel to the insulation line or perpendicular to the insulation line. HIT-HT1 transfers forces parallel to the insulation line, HIT-HT2 transfers forces perpen-dicular to the insulation line, and HIT-HT3 is a combination of both.
Fig. 1: Simply supported balcony
Fig. 3: Balcony supported on 2 sides and with a support post Fig. 4: Cantilever balcony with seismic loading, HIT-HT1 unit takes over the lateral forces in the joint
Fig. 2: Simply supported balcony
HIT-HT1
HIT-HT3
HIT-HT2
Balcony
Balcony
Balcony
HIT-HT1HIT-BD HIT-BDHIT-BX HIT-BX
Balcony
16 © 2013 HALFEN · HIT 13-US · www.halfenusa.com
HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION Type overview HIT- FT, HIT-AT, HIT-OT
HIT-FT, HIT-AT, HIT-OT Insulated Connector for parapets and corbels
HIT-FT element width, B = 11 3/4" (30 cm)
HIT-OT element width, B = 11 3/4" (30 cm)
HIT-AT element width, B = 11 3/4" (30 cm)
Corbel
Parapet
Roof slab
Parapet
Corbel
Main slabSite install thermal insulation
HIT-FT HIT-FT HIT-FT
Roof slab
Site installed thermal insulation
ParapetCorbelled
Parapet
Roof slab
Site installed thermal insulationHIT-AT HIT-AT HIT-AT
Main slab
Main slab
17© 2013 HALFEN · HIT 13-US · www.halfenusa.com
HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION Type overview HIT-WT
HIT-WT
HIT-WT application example
HIT-WT units are normally used for connecting projecting concrete walls or vertical fins. The walls can either be associated with the balcony as shown below or independent vertical concrete features.
HIT-WT Unit dimensions, B = 6" to 10"H = 60" to 138"
B
Fig. 1: Thermally insulated shear wall connections
e ≤ 10.10 m
Wall wall Wall wall
Main slab
Balcony
Site installed thermal insulation
18 © 2013 HALFEN · HIT 13-US · www.halfenusa.com
HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION Engineering request form
Type overview (top views)
Basics / Dimensions
Loads (please only fill in A or B)
Cantilevered balcony
Simply supported cantilever
Internal corner Recessed balcony
C2 OpeningC1 Column C1 Column
A1 Design value of the acting moment MEd [lbs ft/lft]
A2 Design value of the acting shear force VEd [lbs/lft]
Characteristic load
B1 Live load qk [lbs/ft²]
B2 Horizontal load handrail qk,Gel [lbs/ft]
B3 Weight of handrail gk,Gel [lbs/ft] - vertical
B4 Weight of coverage gk,Bel [lbs/ft²]
B5 Additional load e.g. of tubes and additional connections [lbs/ft²]
B6 Additional load e.g. of facing masonry [lbs/ft]
Other details (e.g. additional loads, columns etc.)
C1
C2
External corner
B1 Live load
Shear load
A1 Moment
B2 Horizontal load handrail
B3Weight of handrail
- vertical
B4
B5 Additional load e.g. of tubes and additional connections
B6 Additional load e.g. of facing masonry
A2
Weight of coverage
Balcony slabMainslab
4 Slab length
4 Slab length
5 Slab width
Balcony slab
Balcony slab
Main slab
Mainslab
6 Slab thickness
7Stepheight
8
Heightoffset
9Incline11 Thickness of main slab
1 Concrete strength C ... / ...2 Concrete cover cnom [inch]
3 Fire protection class not required F90
4 Slab length L [ft - inch]
5 Slab width B [ft - inch]
6 Slab thickness h [inch - inch/16]*
7 Step height nh [inch]
8 Height offset v [inch]
9 Incline [%]
10 Construction of main slab
Filigree slab
cast in place
11 Thickness of main slab [inch - inch/16]*
12 Number of balconies
If you are interested in a HIT solution for your project, please download the questionnaire from our website www.halfenusa.com and our engineering team will create a solution that fits for you.
' - "
' - "
" - 16"
" - 16"
* Please provide the heights in inch and inch/16 - e.g.: 7 " - 11/16"
19© 2013 HALFEN · HIT 13-US · www.halfenusa.com
Project gallery
HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION
Past projec ts that have used the HIT system illustrating the range of application
CONTACT HALFEN WORLDWIDE
www.HALFEN.com
HALFEN has a global network of Subsidiary Companies to assist you. The main contact information for North America and the European Headquarter is provided below. For a ful l l ist of off ices please visit www.HALFEN.com
HALFEN GmbH shall not accept liability for the accuracy of the information in this publication or for any printing errors.
HALFEN is also represented by distributors in Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia/Bosnia- Herzegovina/FYROM/Montenegro, Cyprus, Estonia, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kingdom of Saudi-Arabia, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Malta, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Philippines, Republic of Kazakhstan, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovenia, Spain, South Korea, Taiwan/ROC, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, Vietnam
USA & Mexico HALFEN USA Inc. 8521 F.M. 1976Converse, TX 78109
Phone: +1 800.423.9140 E-Mail: [email protected]: www.halfenusa.com
Fax: +1.888.277.1695
Canada UCC Industries International (Distributor) Units 12 & 13895 Sandy Beach RoadPickering, Ontario, L1W 3N7
Provinces of British Columbia and Alberta: Please contact HALFEN USA Inc.
Phone: +1 905.831.7724 E-Mail: [email protected]: www.ucci.ca
Fax: +1 905.831.5872
Fax: +49 2173 970-123Germany HALFEN GmbH Liebigstrasse 14 40764 Langenfeld
Phone: +49 2173 970-0 E-Mail: [email protected] Web: www.halfen.de
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