intd 54 paint. components of paint pigments—give color to coating binders—holds the pigments...
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components of paint
•pigments—give color to coating•binders—holds the pigments particles together; provide washability/scrubbability & durability•solvents—make the coating wet enough to spread•additives—perform special functions
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paint
solvent-based:•use petroleum derivative as solvent•take longer to dry—solvent evaporation•sometimes referred to as oil-based
water-based:•use water to make paint easier to spread•sometimes referred to as latex, acrylic latex & vinyl acrylic•adapt well to changing weather conditions—moisture less likely to build up
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paint
several finishes/lusters available in alkyds or latex:•flat—highest PVC; provide velvety appearance; little washability•eggshell, pearl or satin—slightly lower PVC than flat; moderate scrubbability•semi-gloss—mid-range sheen; good scrubbability•gloss or high gloss—low-PVC; shiny surface; easy washability; shows imperfections•enamel—generally used to indicate a higher quality paint; greater durability; smoother finish
*PVC—pigment volume concentration
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stain
also contain all four ingredients—have a unique binder which causes coating to penetrate deep into surface
•solid color stain—wood texture visible; hides grain; appears uniform•semi-transparent—both texture and grain visible
stain waxes—stain & waxin one process
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clear coating
group of products that contain little or no pigmentsproduce wet or shiny appearanceprovide an extra layer of protection
urethane/polyurethane coatings form tough, hard, flexible chemically resistant films
other finishes/coatings:•varnish•shellac•lacquer•danish oil
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primersfirst coat applied to substrate—prepares surface
some also serve as sealers for porous substrates—wood, paper on gypsum board
prevent waste of paint—absorption or deep colors
flame-retardant paintsnot fireproof, do reduce flammability of substrate
use wherever greater fire protection needed
0-25 flame spread rating required most commercial
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application methods
best available equipment should be used—poor quality tools result in poor quality job
brushes should have flagged bristles—load brush with more paint & help paint flow smoothly
•brushes—woodwork & uneven surfaces•spraying—cover large areas; 8-10 times faster•pads & rollers—do-it-yourself tools; remodeling without removing furniture
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surface preparation
most important procedure to achieve good paint finish
80% of all coating failures—inadequate surface preparation
until late 1970s lead-based paints were used—renovations of buildings painted before late 1950s must be done by contractor trained in proper handling
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surface preparation
wood—moisture; all cracks & nail holes filled; sanding
plaster—must be solid; no cracks; smooth and level
gypsum board—seams must be taped; nail/screw holes set & filled with spackle; filled areas sanded; brushed clean of particles before priming
metal—loose rust & paint removed before painting (sandblasting)
masonry—use block filler due to porous surface; masonry paint covers less surface than other types
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writing paint specifications
way of legally covering both parties in the contract—no misunderstandings of responsibility if scope is clearly written out
•time requirement most important—penalty •surface preparation•high-performance paints •method of application•inspections•cleanup