Integral Photography

A Method for Implementing 3D Video Systems

Outline

What is Integral Photography? Problems and Solutions An experimental System Remaining Drawbacks

What is Integral Photography?

Proposed by Lippman in 1908

Similar to Holography

Autostereoscopic

Elemental Images

• Miniature images of the view through each lens

Problems

Depth Inversion Image Inversion Optical Crosstalk Depth Error

Depth Inversion

Convex objects appear concave

Can be solved via a second image capture or via orthoscopic viewing

Image Inversion

The image capture on film appears inverted

Can be solved by rotating the film 180* before viewing

Optical Crosstalk

Caused when light rays from multiple sources strike same pixel of film

Solved via GRIN (gradient-index) lense array

Depth Error

Objects far from the lens array have their depths poorly estimated

Solved via a secondary depth control lense

An Experimental Real-time System

Remaining Drawbacks

• Requires extremely high resolution– ~Ne² times more than 2D imaging– Ne is the number of pixels per elemental image

Conclusion

Theoretically a very good approach Current Implementations limited by resolution

of image capture and display devices