integrated assessment of the water-energy-land-food nexus in indian punjab
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Integrated assessment of the water-energy-land-food nexus in Indian Punjab](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032617/55adf52f1a28abdd078b47e1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Summer School 2013
Session 3.D The Punjab Case study
Cristina MadridWed, September 10th 2014
![Page 2: Integrated assessment of the water-energy-land-food nexus in Indian Punjab](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032617/55adf52f1a28abdd078b47e1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Contents
1. Why the nexus2. Punjab: Main Issues3. System description in MuSIASEM4. Integrating the Punjabi Metabolism
![Page 3: Integrated assessment of the water-energy-land-food nexus in Indian Punjab](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032617/55adf52f1a28abdd078b47e1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Water
Soil
Energy
ChallengeIndustry Cereal
ProductionAgriculture
Fracking
Vegetables
Pasture Coca-ColaMetal
3b Metabolism3a Description2 Issues1 Nexus
![Page 4: Integrated assessment of the water-energy-land-food nexus in Indian Punjab](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032617/55adf52f1a28abdd078b47e1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
1,500 500 500 1,500
5-9
15-19
25-29
35-39
50-59
70-79
Thousand people
Age groups
RURAL
WomenMen
1,500 500
5-9
15-19
25-29
35-39
50-59
70-79
Thousand people
Age groups
URBAN
WomenMen
3b Metabolism3a Description2 Issues1 Nexus
• No change in the
living patterns
• Remmitances
![Page 5: Integrated assessment of the water-energy-land-food nexus in Indian Punjab](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032617/55adf52f1a28abdd078b47e1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
3b Metabolism3a Description2 Issues1 Nexus
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
tho
usa
nd
ha
Wheat
Maize
Rice
Gram
Cotton
Groundnuts
Sugar cane
Rapeseed andmustard
• Food security
•Strong
regulations from
India
•Access to 25% transboundary
surface waters
•Overexploitation of natural
resources
1,500 500 500 1,500
5-9
15-19
25-29
35-39
50-59
70-79
Thousand people
Age groups
RURAL
WomenMen
1,500 500
5-9
15-19
25-29
35-39
50-59
70-79
Thousand people
Age groups
URBAN
WomenMen
• No change in the
living patterns
• Remmitances
![Page 6: Integrated assessment of the water-energy-land-food nexus in Indian Punjab](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032617/55adf52f1a28abdd078b47e1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
1980 1990 2000 2010
Tho
usa
nd
ha
Wells Government canals
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1980 1990 2000 2010
Tho
usa
nd
s
Electric Diesel
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
1980 1990 2000 2010
Tho
usa
nd
To
nn
es
K2O P2O5 N
Evolution of Irrigated land by water source, number of wells, and fertilizer use.
3b Metabolism3a Description2 Issues1 Nexus
![Page 7: Integrated assessment of the water-energy-land-food nexus in Indian Punjab](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032617/55adf52f1a28abdd078b47e1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Ecosystems
e+1
River basins
e-1
Sub-basins
e-2
Water cycle
e+2
Feasibilitycheck
International trade
India
s+1s+2
Agriculture
s-1
Cereal Production
s-2
Viability check
Water bodies/ Punjab
e/s (SES)
Issues Treatment:External ViewWatershedWater impacts
Issue Treatment:Internal ViewProblemshedVirtual Water
3b Metabolism3a Description2 Issues1 Nexus
![Page 8: Integrated assessment of the water-energy-land-food nexus in Indian Punjab](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032617/55adf52f1a28abdd078b47e1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
s-1Focal Level (e/s) s-2e+1
AgricultureWater Bodies
Ecosystem
e+2
Climate PunjabCereals
Production
Recharge Supply Availability Appropriation
Extraction Use UseAppropriation
Watershed perspective Problemshed perspective
Operationalization
Punjab:Considered in the analysis as an organMultiple scales of analysis for the delimitationStudy of the nexus from global to local
3b Metabolism3a Description2 Issues1 Nexus
![Page 9: Integrated assessment of the water-energy-land-food nexus in Indian Punjab](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032617/55adf52f1a28abdd078b47e1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
697
69 33 25
60224
50
5.2
-100%
-80%
-60%
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Food (1015 J) Energy (1015 J) Water (109 m3) GDP (109 USD)
Imports Internal supply Exports Internal Use
3b Metabolism3a Description2 Issues1 Nexus
![Page 10: Integrated assessment of the water-energy-land-food nexus in Indian Punjab](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032617/55adf52f1a28abdd078b47e1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
AG3%
PW*6%
HH91%
INTERNATIONAL (n+2)
INDIA (n+1)
PU
NJA
B (
n) Wheat
42%
Rice28%
Crops17%
Non Irrigated
2%
HUMAN ACTIVITY LAND USE
ECOSYSTEM FUNDS (e)
![Page 11: Integrated assessment of the water-energy-land-food nexus in Indian Punjab](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032617/55adf52f1a28abdd078b47e1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
ECOSYSTEMS e
INTERNATIONAL n+2
INDIA n+1Remittances
0.26
Procurement 4
+
Subsidies 0.43Taxes
PUNJAB n
ELP 0.9 USD/hr
Agriculture n-2
LU
Households n-1
HA
Grains
Procurement
20
Gra
in E
xp
ort
s 3
Self-consumption 4
106 Tonne
Off-farm PW n-2
HA 7
HA 220
109 hours
HA 14
109 USD
PW* income 23
ELP 1.8 USD/hr
Expenditure
![Page 12: Integrated assessment of the water-energy-land-food nexus in Indian Punjab](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032617/55adf52f1a28abdd078b47e1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Begining of subsidizedpumping energy0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
1980
1982
198
4
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
199
8
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Thousand ha
Surface Water
Groundwater
s-1Focal Level (e/s) s-2e+1
AgricultureWater Bodies
Ecosystem
e+2
Climate PunjabCereals
Production
Recharge Supply Availability Appropriation
Extraction Use UseAppropriation
Watershed perspective Problemshed perspective
3b Metabolism3a Description2 Issues1 Nexus
![Page 13: Integrated assessment of the water-energy-land-food nexus in Indian Punjab](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032617/55adf52f1a28abdd078b47e1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
ECOSYSTEMS e
INTERNATIONAL n+2
INDIA n+1
HA 7
HA 220
ELP 0.9
USD/hr
Self-consumption 4
Agriculture n-2Households n-1 PUNJAB n
LUHA
WMDGrain 9,700 m3/ha
WMDAG 7,000 m3/ha
hm3
0%
50%
100%
SW GW Salt Nitr Fluor
Impact
OK
GWU
56,000
SAW SAS
Loading106 Tonne 109 hours
![Page 14: Integrated assessment of the water-energy-land-food nexus in Indian Punjab](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032617/55adf52f1a28abdd078b47e1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
ECOSYSTEMS e
3b Metabolism3a Description2 Issues1 Nexus
hm3 Loading106 Tonne 109 hours
0%
50%
100%
SW GW Salt Nitr Fluor
Impact
OK
GWU
56,000
SAW SAS
![Page 15: Integrated assessment of the water-energy-land-food nexus in Indian Punjab](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032617/55adf52f1a28abdd078b47e1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Extraction Blue Green Total
Underground 31 0 31
Surface 15 0 15
Soil 0 26 26
TOTAL 46 26 72
Loses factor (Blue)
0
6
0
Use Blue Green Total
Underground 31 0 31
Surface 9 0 9
Soil 0 26 26
TOTAL 40 26 66
- =
Local use Blue Green WMR EPW
HH + PW* (n-2) 1 0 5 N/A
PW (n-1) 39 26 2,993 31
AG (n-2) 39 26 9,129 9
Rice & Wheat (n-3) 35 23 9,064 N/A
TOTAL Whole (n) 40 26 274 30
Imports 0 0 0 0
Domestic Use Blue Green
HH + PW* (n-2) 1 0
AG (n-2) 10 9
Rice & Wheat (n-3) 7 6
TOTAL SA (n) 11 9
Expeditions India 28 16
Expeditions % 71% 64%
Openness=
-68%(Net exporter)
Appropriation Rivers Aquifers
Extraction
Recharge (Km3) 21 21
Interntl. Use Rights 25% 100%
Dam Reserve (km3) 11 N/A
Blocks (no.) N/A 138
Extraction (km3) 15 31
Overexp. Blocks (no.) N/A 110
Lodging
RAMSAR in Risk 3/3 N/A
Regions Over Salinity N/A 6/25
Aquifer Over Nitrate N/A 16/25Aquifer . Over Metals N/A 10/25
Max BOD (mgL) 50 N/A
External view Internal view
3b Metabolism3a Description2 Issues1 Nexus
![Page 16: Integrated assessment of the water-energy-land-food nexus in Indian Punjab](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032617/55adf52f1a28abdd078b47e1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Problemshed WatershedW
ate
r Ex
chan
ge
Water Flows (2010) (30 year pattern) Water Flows
Org
aniz
atio
n
Societal Funds Ecosystem Funds
Punjab Society
HA 241·109h
F 4·106 ton
India
F 20·106 ton
MI 0.2 USD/kg
Punjab Ecosystem
International
Market
F 3·106
ton
Other functionsCereal Production
HA 3 %
F 27·106 ton
HA 97%
ClimateRecharge
460 mmTransboundary
Recharge
?
Appropriation:
Erosion 45%
Appropriation
:
Ramsar in
Danger 100%
Appropriation:
Water table
-1 m/year
Surface
bodies
Soil
Aquifers
Supply
?
Supply
?
Supply
?
Groundwater
Soil
Moisture
Surface
Water
WFL 12 km3
WFL 26 km3
WFL 1·km3
Production Factor
Human right
Cultural
element
WMR
9·m3/h
WMR
3·m3/h
WMR
95 Lpd
WY
0.5 ton/m3