INTEGRATED CROP AND WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

TO SUSTAIN UPLAND AGRICULTURE

CIRAD-IAHRI Pilot Activities Wonosari Regency (Central Java)

2002 – 2005

By:Jean Marie Lopez, Kasdi Subagyono, Budi Kartiwa and Hendri Sosiawan

IahriCirad

Seminar “Stories of Water”

Le Méridien Hotel Jakarta – June 19th, 2007

French Embassy

Pilot activities

To introduce, test and assess innovative agro-technologies regarding soil, water and crop management in upland dry areas with aim at improving crop productions and smallholder incomes

To develop participatory approach and partnership frame between farmers organizations, local NGOs and regional authorities involved in the agricultural development with aim at sustaining and disseminating agro-technologies tested with success.

Frame of intervention

Poverty alleviation Food security Upland areas=> Rainfed annual food crops, 16.5 Millions Ha in Indonesia, 53% of total annual crop areas=> 14.5 Millions of Indonesia agricultural households, 65% of total agricultural households

Main goals

Selopamioro pilot site

Location of pilot sites in Yogyakarta Province (Java Island)

Bunder and Playen pilot sites

Water constraint is considered by farmers one of the main physical factor limiting crop productions !!!

Main cropping patterns in Wonosari upland region

1st and 2nd crop cycle 3rd crop cycle

Crops Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep.RiceMaizeSoybeanGround nutPulsesTobaccoCassava

Rainy season

Oct. Apr.

Crop cycle

Rainfall patterns in Wonosari region

=> Need to harvest water available to irrigate crops in dry season (3rd cycle)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

January February March April May June July August September October November December

Monthly average rainfall in Wonosari region

mm (Paliyan station, 1990-2006)

Annual average: 1.630 mm

Dry season (6 months)

Rainfall patterns in Wonosari region

=> Need to harvest water available to irrigate crops during dry events (1st and 2nd cycle)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61 67 73 79 85 91 97 103 109 115 121 127 133 139 145 151 157 163 169 175 181

: Dry event ( > 3-4 days with no rainfall)

Illustration of dry event frequency in normal rainy season

mm

November December January February March April

(Paliyan station: November 1998 - April 1999)

=> Importance of rainfall distribution in the time !!!

Water resources management

Rain water harvesting

Watering optimization

Agronomic innovations

Cropping system improvement

Strong farmer involvement in all phases: action identification, hydraulic structure building and maintenance, collective water management, agro technologies tests => on-field research)

Integrated and participatory approachin pilot activity implementation

Participatory diagnosis=> Analysis of farming system

=> Assessment of water availability=> Feasibility of action identified

Integrated Survey

=> Identification of main constraints and solutions

Partnership frame in pilot activity implementation

Indonesian Rice Research Institute

IRRI => Upland new varieties

Pilot Activities:Integrated water-soil management

&Cropping system improvement

Local NGOs=>

Identification,Implementation,

Follow-up, AssessmentDissemination

Farmers Associations/Groups

=>Identification,

Implementation

BPTP/BPP/PU=>

Technical supportsDissemination

CIRAD, Scientific and Technical

support-management

BUPATI / Local Authorities

=>Financial supports

Indonesian Agroclimate and Hydrologic Research Institute

IAHRI =>Agro Climatic diagnosis, Water harvesting survey

Small dam filling-up Small dam and irrigated rice plot

2 rice cycles instead of 1 Farmer’s participatory rate for dam building: 40%

Farmer empowerment: collective management of small dams

Rice yields +30%

Rain water harvesting and rice supplemental irrigation in Bunder catchment

Illustrations and main results recorded in 2002-2003

15 Smallholders => about 3,5 ha

Set of 3 small dams (80 - 150 m3)

Average cost of 1 hydraulic structure: 3.500.000 Rp.

=> Dam and on-farm reservoir building

Dam building

On-farm reservoir building

Rain water harvesting operation in Dengkling catchment

Illustrations and main results recorded in 2004-2005

Rain water harvesting operation in Dengkling catchment

Illustrations and main results recorded in 2004-2005

Dam filling-up and water harvested

Automatic Water Level Record to monitor water harvested and irrigations

On-farm reservoir filling-up

Rain water harvesting operation and crop water supply in Dengkling catchment

Main results recorded in 2004-2006

2 full rice cycles instead of 1 Farmer’s participatory rate (dam building): 20%

2-3 maize cycles instead of 1 or 2

80 smallholders (P3A association) => total area: 28 ha

1 dam (7.000 m3) : IDR 65 Millions

Average yields of main crops recorded in 2005-2006: Increase and secure crop yields

* Nov. – Jan. => Rice; 15,0 ha with supplemental irrigation; 3,5 – 4,0 T/ha compared to 2,5 – 3,0 T/ha

* Feb. – Apr. => Rice; 12,0 ha with supplemental irrigation; 2,5 – 3,0 T/ha compared to 1,5 – 2,0 T/ha

* Feb. - Apr. => Maize corn; 5,0 ha with supplemental irrigation; 2,0 T/ha compared to 1,0 T/ha

* Apr. – Jun. => Maize fodder (cattle); 7,5 ha with full irrigation; 7,0 T(GL)/ha compared to 3,5 T/ha

* Jul. – Aug. => Maize fodder (cattle); 4,5 ha with full irrigation; 3,0 T(GL)/ha compared to 0,0 T/ha

4 on-farm reservoirs (40 - 60 m3): IDR 3 Millions/unity

Water user association creation (P3A) Regional partnership (BUPATI, PU, BPTP, NGO)

- IR64 : 4,3T/ha

- Singkil: 4,6 T/ha

- Ciherang : 5,0 T/ha Better yields under local ecological conditions: + [10 - 20%]

Test of new rice varieties on pilot sites (Bunder and Dengkling)

Illustrations and main results recorded in 2002-2005

=> Upland rice with supplemental irrigations

=> Drip irrigation system x cover crop residues (rice straw) applied to tobacco crop

Main results : average decreasing of water supply: 225 170 mm => - 25%

strong decreasing of * weeds under mulch * diseases under drip irrigation

increasing of crop yield: 4,8 6,0 T/ha = > + 25% increasing of crop daily income + 35%

Test of drip irrigation x mulch for cash crops

Illustrations and main results recorded in 2003-2005

Cost of drip irrigation system: 5-6.000 Rp/m2

Main results:

increasing of crop yield: 5,6 7,0 T/ha = > + 25%

increasing of crop daily income: + 20%

Test of micro-irrigation x mulch for cash crops Illustrations and main results recorded in 2003-2005

average decreasing of water supply : 225 170 mm => - 25%

strong decreasing of * weeds under mulch * diseases under drip irrigation

=> Drip irrigation system x mulch (rice straw) applied to chilly crop

Cost of drip irrigation system: 5-6.000 Rp/m2

Cost and benefit data of dam and on-farm reservoirs project in Dengkling catchment (at collective level, P3A

farmers’ association)

-100.000.000

-75.000.000

-50.000.000

-25.000.000

0

25.000.000

50.000.000

75.000.000

100.000.000

125.000.000

150.000.000

175.000.000

200.000.000

225.000.000

250.000.000

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Cash Flow

Cumulated Cash Flow

Rp.

Cropping pattern scenario: rice + maize (12.0 ha) + tobacco (2.0 ha)

IRR = 44%

Year

Tobacco price: 800 - 1500 Rp/kgTobacco price: 800 - 1500 Rp/kg

DLS cost : 5.000 - 6.000 Rp / m’DLS cost : 5.000 - 6.000 Rp / m’

IRR = 28%IRR = 28%

Break even point reached after 3 yearsBreak even point reached after 3 years

Chilly price: 1.500 - 6.000 RpChilly price: 1.500 - 6.000 Rp

DLS cost: 5.000 - 6.000 Rp /m²DLS cost: 5.000 - 6.000 Rp /m²

IRR = 35 %IRR = 35 %

Break even point after 3 yearsBreak even point after 3 years

<=<=

=>=>

Cost and benefit data of Drip Line System (DLS) at individual level (farmer)

-5

-2.5

0

2.5

5

7.5

10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Millions of Rp.

Cash Flow

Cumulated Cash Flow

Cash flow for tobacco crop (1.000 m2)

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Cash Flow

Cumulated Cash Flow

Millions of Rp.

Cash flow for chilly crop (500 m2)

BPTP-Yogyakarta activities in the Primatani national project

Reproduction of the integrated and participatory approach in dam and on-farm reservoir building

Dissemination of agro-technologies (Ciherang rice variety, Pioneer maize variety)

BPTP-Sumba Timor activities in the Primatani national project

Reproduction of the integrated and participatory approach in dam and channel building

Dissemination of some agro-technologies (mulching, Lamuru maize variety)

DISSEMINATION OF APPROACH AND AGRO-TECHNOLOGIES

IAHRI-Bogor activities in NTB

Experimentation of micro-irrigation system for tobacco crop

Thank You

IahriCirad

Seminar “Stories of Water”

Le Méridien Hotel Jakarta – June 19th, 2007

French Embassy