integrated farming systems for doubling farmers income in

Integrated Farming Systems for Doubling Farmers’ Income in NEH Region of India


Integrated Farming Systems for Doubling Farmers’ Income in

NEH Region of India

ICAR-AgriculturalTechnologyApplicationResearchInstituteUmiam,Meghalaya–793103

(AnISO9001:2015certifiedorganization)


Citation: Integrated Farming Systems for Doubling Farmers’ Income in NEH Region of India

Concept: Bidyut C. Deka

Chief Editor: BidyutC.Deka

Editors:A.K.SinghaDivyaParisaAzrielMervinTariangEmikaKordorKyndiahMesayaR.Marak

Contributors: KVKs-Lawngtlai,Dimapur,Phek,Chandel,Mamit,EastKhasiHills,Serchhip,Champhai,Sepahijala,Thoubal,Lunglei,NorthTripura,SouthGaroHills,RiBhoi.

March:2020

Published byICAR-AgriculturalTechnologyApplicationResearchInstitute,Zone–VII,Umiam,Meghalaya–793103Phone :0364-2570081Fax :0364-2570396,2570483Email :[email protected]:http://www.icarzcu3.gov.in

Printed atRumi-JumiEnterprise6thMile,GuwahatiPh.No:9864075734

Integrated Farming Systems for Doubling Farmers’ Income in NEH Region of India Integrated Farming Systems for Doubling Farmers’ Income in NEH Region of India

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PREFACE

THE North Eastern states of the country possess abundant flora and fauna withextensiveavailabilityofdenseforestsandabundantrainfall.Theregionisalsoblessed

withmagnificent natural beauty throughmagnificent hills, twinning rivers that attractvisitorsfromallovertheglobe.About77percentoftheworkingpopulationoftheregionisengagedinagriculturaloperation.However,thesaidbeautyiscontrastedbywidespreadpoverty,lowpercapitaincome,lowagriculturalproductivity,poormarketingfacilitiesandsoon.Oneofthemajorproblemsrelatedtoagricultureproductioninthehillystatesoftheregionisthepractiseofshifting(Jhum)cultivationandthisiswhereIntegratedFarmingSystemcomesintoactiontosolvemaximumoftheproblemsfaced,ifnotfully.

Integrated farming system or integrated farming is the type of farming in whichvarious types of agricultural production activities or agricultural enterprises take placesimultaneously.Itdeliversmoresustainableagriculture,providesadynamicapproachandcanbeappliedtoanyfamingintheworld.Thebenefitsandgoalsofintegratedfarmingaim at enhancing productivity per unit area, profitability, proper waste management,soilhealthmanagement,livelihoodimprovement,fightagainstdeforestationandoverallenvironmentalsafety.Thepractiseofintegratedfarmingalsoleadstopromotionofagro-forestry, increase input efficiency, cost minimization, employment generation, energysavingandcontinuousincomeroundtheyeartonameafew.

This publication documents the details of Integrated Farming Systems practised insomepartsoftheregionandhowithasimpactedthefarmingcommunityoftheregion.Thelearningfromthepublicationcanbeusedforfurtherspreadof IntegratedFarmingSystemtechnologiesforthepurposeofshapingoutamoresustainableformoffarmingintheregionandacrossthenationasawhole.

Itakethisopportunitytogratefullyacknowledgetheconstantguidanceandsupportreceived from Dr. Trilochan Mohapatra, Secretary (DARE) & Director General (ICAR); Dr.A.K.Singh,DDG(AE)andallthescientistsofSMDandATARI,Umiam.Ialsogratefullyacknowledge the concernedKVK staffsof the contributingKVKsandMr.AzrielMervinTariang,SRF,ATARIforhelpingusinpreparingthisdocument.

(Bidyut C. Deka)Director

GreetingsfromTeamICAR-ATARI,Umiam!


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CONTENTS

Sl.No. Particulars PageNo.

1 Introduction 1-3

2 Integrated Farming System at Thingkah Village, Lawngtlai,Mizoram 4-6

3 MulticomponentIFSatZutoivillage,Dimapur,Nagaland 7-10

4 IntegratedfarmingsystematThipuzuVillage,Phek,Nagaland 11-12

5 Integrated farming system in Chandonpokpi village, Chandel,Manipur 13-15

6 Integrated Farming System at Darlak Village, Mamit District,Mizoram 16-17

7 Integrated Farming System at Mawsiatkhnam KVK East KhasiHills,Meghalaya 18-22

8 Integrated Farming System atN. Vanlaiphai, Serchhip District,Mizoram 23-24

9 Paddy cum Fish Culture at Tuisenphai, Champhai District,Mizoram 25-26

10 IntegratedFarmingSystem(IFS)atLaxmibill village,SepahijalaTripura 27-29

11 Integrated farming system at Ukhomgshang village ThoubalDistrict,Manipur 30-32

12 Integrated Farming System at Hnahthial, Lunglei District ofMizoram 33-35

13 PopularizationofFishcumDuckfarminginNorthTripuradistrict 36-38

14 Integrated Farming System at Dobogre, South Garo Hills,Meghalaya 39-41

15 IntegratedPaddycumFishfarminginRiBhoiDistrict,Meghalaya 42-44

16 Integrated Fish cum Poultry Farming System at Sohriewbleivillage,Ri-Bhoi,Meghalaya 45-46

17 Vegitablebased Integrated farming system (IFS) inPekucherravillage,NorthTripura 47-48


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LIST OF TABLES

TableNo. TABLENAME PageNo.

1.1 Componentwiseincomegeneration 6

2.1 EconomicanalysisfromPoultry-cum-fishculture 8

2.2 EconomicanalysisfromPaddy-cum-fishculture 8

3.1 EconomicsfromtheIFS 12

5.1 Economicsoftheintervention 17

6.1TotalcostIncurredandNetincomereceivedfromeachofthecomponentsoftheIntegratedFarm

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8.1 Component-wiseincomegeneration 26

8.2 EconomicsoftheIFS 26

9.1 EconomicsoftheIFSmodel 28

10.1 Stockingofthefingerlings 31

10.2 Harvestingoffishafter3monthsculture 31

10.3 Economicsofthepaddycumfishculture 31

11.1 Economicsofthedifferententerprises 34

12.1 IntrialpondswithKhakiCampbellducks 37

12.2 Pondswithnormalfishculturemethods 37


14.1 PaddycumFishFarminginRiBhoiDistrictofMeghalaya 43

14.2 Paddycumfishculture 44

16.1 Economicsofthedifferententerprises 48


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FigureNo. FIGURENAME PageNo.

1.1 EconomicsoftheIFS 6

2.1 Changeinincome(Rs/yr.) 10

4.1 Economicsofthecultivation 14

8.1 Changeinincomebeforeandafterintervention 26


11.1 Comparisonbetweenthe1st and 2ndyearoftheIFS 34



15.1 DistributionofincomefromtheIFS 46

LISTOFFIGURES

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Integrated Farming Systems: Principles and Goals

Introduction

IntegratedFarmingSystem(IFS)isaninterdependent,interrelatedofteninterlockingproduction systems based on few crops, animals and related subsidiary enterprises insuchaway thatmaximize theutilizationofnutrientsof each systemandminimize thenegativeeffectsoftheseenterprisesonenvironment.Theinterrelated,inter-dependent-interlockingnatureofIFSinvolvestheutilizationofprimaryproduceandsecondaryproduceofonesystem,asbasicinputoftheothersystem,thusmakingthemmutuallyintegratedasonewholeunit.Themainpurposeofintegratedfarmingisthatthefarmingcomponentssupportoneanother,hence,reducingexternalinputs.Itisbasedontheconceptthat‘thereisnowaste’and‘wasteisonlyamisplacedresource’whichbecomesavaluablematerialforanotherproduct.

Sustainable agriculture, an integrated approach to increasing the farm yield andmanagingresourcesinordertoaddressallthreecriticalaspectofsustainability:economic,environmentalandsocial.TheIFSapproachhasmultipleobjectivesofsustainability,foodsecurityandpovertyreduction.Itinvolvestheuseofoutputsofoneenterprisescomponentasinputsforotherrelatedenterpriseswhereverfeasible,forexample,cattledungmixedwithcropresiduesandfarmwastecanbeconvertedintonutrientrichvermicompost.

Scope of IFS

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Ingeneralfarmersworkhardbutdonotmakeprofit,duetohighcostofproductionandinputs.However,theemergenceofIntegratedFarmingSystems(IFS)hasenabledthefeasibilityofsmallsizedfarmingoperationsinrelationtolargerones.Integratedfarmingsystemisacommonlyandbroadlyusedwordtoexplainamoreintegratedapproachtofarming as compared tomonoculture approaches. It refers to agricultural systems thatintegratelivestockandcropproductionorintegratefishandlivestockandmaysometimesbeknownasIntegratedBiosystems.Inthissystem,aninter-relatedsetofenterprisesisusedsothatthe“waste”fromonecomponentbecomesaninputforanotherpartofthesystem,whichreducescostandimprovesproductionand/orincome.

So, why integrated farming?

IFSinvolvestwoormoreproductionsystemstofunctiontogetheronparallelfooting lEnhancedproductivity lRecyclingofresources lReductioninproductioncost lEnhancedefficiencyinresourceutilization lReducedinvestmentriskthroughdiversificationofcrops. lSustainability lIncreased income lImprovestandardofliving

Principles and goals of IFS

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Ideal model for IFS

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Integrated Farming System ThingkahVillageLawngtlai,Mizoram

Introduction

Agriculture is the principal occupation of the rural people of Lawngtlai District,Mizoram.Almost80%ofthepeopledirectlydependonagriculture.Piggery,poultryanddairyingarethemajorlivestockfarmingpracticesinthedistrictinadditiontoagriculture.Peopletakeupanimalrearingmainlytosupplementtheirmeagerincomefromagriculture.Sinceagricultureismostlyseasonal,thereisapossibilityoffindingemploymentthroughoutthe year through integrated farming. Integrated farming system with horticulture andlivestocknotonlyenhancedtheincomeofthefarmersbutalsohelpinoccupationintermsoffamilylabouremployment.Themanuresfromanimalsprovideagoodsourceoforganicmatterforimprovingsoilfertilityandcropyieldsinthefarm.

Mr.K.Lalengliana,aresidentofThingkahvillage,LawngtlaiDistrict,Mizoramstartedintegratedfarmingsince2006.Landholdingofthefarmeris5hectareandheisexpandingthe components of the farm by cultivating more crops in his farm and his income isincreasingeveryyearthroughintegratedfarming.

Details of the IFS

Since the total land holding area of thefarmerisabout5ha,agriculturalenterpriseshavebeenconductedinseparateblockssothatfutureexpansionmaybedoneinasystematicmanner.

I. Water harvesting structure: Water harvestingstructurewasconstructedattheupper part of the farm for use in irrigationandotherpurposes.

II. Pulse/Oilseeds based farming system: Theborderoflowerpartofthefarmisutilizedfor cultivatingfield crops viz., rajmah and soybean so as to increase farm incomeandsustainsoilfertility.Cerealsoccupymostof the farm land and are one of the maincomponentsofthefarm.

i. Rajmah plot: He started cultivating rajmahfrom the year 2016 till date occupying 1hectare of his farm. He had harvested 1.8quintalsofrajmahfromonehectareandhadsolditforRs120perkg.HistotalincomefromrajmahwasRs2,16,000/-peryear.

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ii. Soybean plot: Soybean is being cultivatedin 1 hectare land since 2016. The producefrom this soybean plotwas 28 quintals perhectare.AnincomeofRs1,87,600/-peryearwasearnedfromsoybeancultivation.

III. Horticulturebasedfarmingsystem

i. Vegetable plot: Thecentralpartofthefarmis being used for cultivating five differentvegetablesviz.,brinjal,tomato,chilli,roselleand winged beans covering an area of 1hectare. He has followed this mix croppingsystemsincetheyear2012.Theincome/yearfromthesaleofvegetableswasRs.2,87,500/.

ii. Banana block: Cultivation of banana wasstarted in the year 2015 occupying an areaof1hectareofland.973nos.ofplantswereplantedatthelowerborderofthefarm.Heharvested16-18 tonnesof bananaper yearwith an earning of Rs. 3,20,000/- per yearfromthesaleofbanana.

IV. Piggery

KVK Lawngtlai District introduced twoimproved pig breeds: Large white YorkshireandHampshiretoMr.K.LalenglianaPigFarmintheyear2016.Duringtheyear2018-19,hereared10Sows,2Boars,5Fatteners/Growersand104Piglets.Theaverageannual incomefrom the sale of piglets and adult pigs formeat purpose during the year 2016, 2017and2018wereRs.1.3lakh,Rs.5.1lakhandRs.6.7lakh,respectively.

Output/Impact:

Theimpactintermsofincomeofthedifferentinterventions in the IFS is described as per thetableandchartbelow:

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Sl. No.

Component Annual income (Rs.)

Remarks

1 Pulses and oilseeds

4,03,600.00 Rajmahandsoybeancultivation

2 Horticulture 6,07,500.00 Assortedvegetablesandbanana3 Piggery 6,70,000.00 Incomegenerationrecordedduring2018-19

Fig 1.1: Economics of the IFS

Changes in Parameters PointstobenotedbeforeandafterthepracticeofIFSbythefarmerarelistedbelow:BeforeIntervention lHighincidenceofpestsanddiseasesattack lNoproperirrigation lLowyield lOnlylocalvarietyofcropsgrownAfterIntervention lLowincidenceofpestsanddiseasesattack lTimelyirrigationofcropsatregularinterval lImprovedyield lIntroductionofimprovedvarietyofCropsandPigBreedsChange in Income (Rs/year)Before IFS: Rs.5,12,750.00/yearAfterIFS:Rs.11,90,404.00/year

Table1.1:Componentwiseincomegeneration

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Introduction

Agricultureisaprominentsectoroftheeconomyinthestate.Thefarmersaresmallandmarginalandabout80%ofthepopulationdepends on agriculture for their livelihood.Mono cropping, inadequate irrigationfacilities, increased natural calamities,shiftingcultivation,soilacidity,steepslopes,improper nutrient management, lowyielding/localvarietiesofcropsandlivestockaresomeof themajorconstrains inagriculture in thestate. IntegratedFarmingSystem(IFS)wasintroducedinordertoachieveeconomicandsustainagriculturalproductionsoastomeetthediverserequirementofthehouseholdbypreservingtheresourcebaseandmaintaininghighenvironmentalquality.

Farmer’s Name:ShriTokughaZhimo

Village:ZutoiVillage

Area:4.5ha

Components in detail:

I. Poultry-cum-fishculture

Alowcostpoultryunitwithacapacityof1000birdsarerearedonfisheryponddykesin a 2 hapondarea. In a year four batchesof1000broilerchicksareraised.Herearsthebirds for 2½ to threemonths and disposesit off in the market @ Rs.150/Kg. By thattimethebirdsattainbodyweightof2.5Kg/bird.Hewasabletosellonebatchofbroilerchickensi.e.,2493kgofmeatearningapprox.Rs.3,73,950asgrossincomeconsidering2-3%mortalityperbatch.ThecostofproductionperbatchcomestoaroundRs.2,96,000/-.ThenetprofitrealizedwasaroundRs.77,950/-batch.

The fish pond was renovated prior to stocking of fish fingerlings. Five speciescombinationoffishviz., Rohu,Catla,Mrigal,GrassCarpandCommonCarpwithfingerlingsize of 10-15 g@10000nos. per hectarewere incorporated. Fishwasharvested after

MulticomponentIFS ZutoivillageDimapur,Nagaland

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6monthsofrearingatanaveragebodyweightof350g/fish.Attheendoftheculturedperiod,[email protected]/Kg.Thetotalcostofproductiononfisherycomponentwasapprox.Rs.2,12,000.Bysellingfishes,hehasobtainedagrossincomeofRs.7,98,000.ThenetprofitfromfishfarmingwasaroundRs.5,86,000.

Table2.1:EconomicanalysisfromPoultry-cum-fishculture

Costofproduction(Rs) Gross Income (Rs) Net Income (Rs) B:CRatio5,08,000.00 11,71,950.00 6,63,950.00 2.3:1

II. Paddy-cumfishculture

Twoplotsofpaddyfieldwereconvertedfor paddy cum fish farming. In one plotperimetertrenchsystemmodel(0.40ha)wasadopted, while central pond system model(0.27) was adopted in the other plot. FishspeciesofRohu,Catla,MrigalandCommonCarpwerestocked@8000nos.perhectareafter20daysoftransplantingrice.Thefisheswere provided supplementary diet @3%bodyweightdaily.He couldharvest3.0 tonofpaddyfrom0.67hawithanestimatedyieldof4.5ton/haandhecouldearnRs.45,000frompaddyharvest.Heharvestednearly8quintalsoffishesandearnedagrossincomeofRs.1,41,000/-inayear.

Table2.2:EconomicanalysisfromPaddy-cum-fishculture

Costofproduction(Rs) Gross Income (Rs) Net Income (Rs) B:CRatio51590.00 1,41,000.00 89,410.00 2.7:1


The borders of the fishery pondswereused for planting horticultural crops suchas Arecanut, Banana and Coconut to gainmaximumincomefromhisfields.

Banana Block: Banana cultivation was oneof the main components in horticulturalcrops apart from vegetables. 1250 numberof bananas (Amritsagar) was plantedsurrounding the fishery ponds in between

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areca nutplantation.Hecouldharvest15-20qofbanana/ha/yearfromthebananaplot.DuringthelastfiveyearshecouldearnanamountofRs.2,25,000.00toRs.3,00,000.00fromthesaleofbananabunchesattherateofRs.30/Kg.

Areca nut: About 1600 numbers of arecanutswereplantedinthebordersofhisfieldandalso in thedykeoffisheries at 3meterinterval; nearly 800 plants are in bearingstageandtherestareyettoflower.PresentlyheisearningRs.1,30,000.00fromsellingthearecanutsinthelocalmarketaswellasfromhisfielditself@Rs.15-30/Kg.

Coconut:150plantsofsemi-talltypecultivarscollected from Assam were planted in theembankmentoffishponds.Tilldatehecouldnotearnfromthecoconutplantationasitisinfloweringstage.

Black Pepper:2000saplingsofblackpeppervarietyPanniyur-1were introduced inarecanut plantationduring the year 2017 as onecomponentformulti-storeycropping.

IV. Portable Vermibed

Theportablevermibedswereintroducedtorecyclethefarmwasteandtopreparethevermicompost.Thevermibedswere inturnutilizedtomeetthenutrientrequirementofbanana,arecanutandcoconut.

Changes in Parameters

Before Intervention: Mr. Tokugha Zhimoof Zutoi village under Aghunaga block ofDimapurDistrict,Nagalandisanenthusiasticuneducated rural farmer engaged inagricultural activities with traditional pigrearingandfishcultureuseasasubsidiarycomponent.Hestartedfarmingbycultivatingpaddy,asmallfishpondand2numbersoflocalpigstomeethisdemand.Lackofawareness,technical know-how about scientific cultivation practices in agriculture, livestock andfisheryweremajorstumblingobstaclesforhissuccess.

After Intervention: The awareness campaign conducted through different trainingprogramsbyKVKDimapur,ICARResearchComplexforNEHNagalandCentre,Medziphema

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andATMADimapurhassensitizedhimabouttheprospectsofIntegratedFarmingSystem.Hewas also trained in one of the skill training program (Broiler Poultry FarmWorker)underASCIintheyear2017.WiththescientificknowledgethathehadlearnedfromKVKDimapur,hehadtransformedhisfieldcoveringanareaof4.5hectaresintoanIntegratedFarmingSystemmodel.

Fig 2.1: Change in income (Rs/yr.)

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Introduction

Mr.SevohuChuzhoofThipuzuvillagehasimmenseinterestindiversifiedcommercialfarming. He has an area of 4 ha cultivable land. Mr. Sevohu is engaged in IntegratedHorticulture-Livestock farming system. He gained his proficiency through training cumdemonstrationconductedbyKVK,Phek.HewasalsoabeneficiaryofanexposurevisittoYSParmerUniversityofHorticultureandForestry,SolanorganizedbytheKVK.Furthermore,the KVK also assisted him by providing trellis, polythene sheet for construction of lowcostpolyhouse,awaterharvestingstructure,livestockandseedsunderNABARDandTSPprogramme.

Component Details

i. Kiwi farming: With the assistance fromKVK,Phekhewasmotivatedtotakeupkiwifarming as an enterprise. He planted 200saplingsofrecognizedvarietiesviz.Hayward,Allison,Monty, Bruno occupying an area of0.5hectareduring2012.Atpresent150plantsareinfruitingstagewithanaverageyieldof20Kg/plant.HisaverageannualexpenditureisaroundRs.45,000.00forthedevelopmentofthefarmincludinginterculturaloperationsand earns a gross income of approx. Rs.1,65,000.00fromsellingofKiwi.

ii. Low cost poly house: With the assistance from KVK under NICRA programme, Mr.Sevohu constructed a low cost poly houseof 60 m2 area for nursery raising adjacentto a LDPEwater harvesting structure. He ispresently raising kiwi cuttings, persimmongrafts and seedlings of different vegetable crops. His annual expenditure in nurseryproductionisaroundRs.4,200.00andearnsanetincomeofRs.12,500.00peryearfromsellingsaplings.

Integrated farming system ThipuzuVillagePhek,Nagaland

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iii.Persimmonproduction:Asanewinitiativeand upcomingmarket demand,Mr. Sevohuhas also planted 50 numbers of graftedpersimmon plants (var. Fuyu and Hachiya)occupying an area of 0.1 hectare during2013.Mr.Shevohugetsaharvest10-12Kg/plant from 10 fruiting plants. Barring theannual expenditure of approx. Rs. 3,500.00on various intercultural operations, he [email protected]/KgandearnsanetprofitofRs.21,200.00peryear.

iv. Pig farming: Mr. Savehu has established ascientificpigbreedingsty.Hehouses8sowsand1breedingboarofcross-bredHampshireprovidedbyKVK,Phek.Thepigmanure ishygienicallydisposedintodungpit, driedandused inhorticultural crop.HisnetincomefromsaleofpigletsisRs1,50,000.00perannum.

v. Poultry farming: Mr. Chuzho is also rearing 100dualpurposeSrinidhibirdsinfreerangesystem.Hehas constructed a climate resilient poultry house to mitigatelowtemperaturestress.Thebuilt-uplitterisusedinhorticulturalcropasFYM.Hesellseggs@Rs.10/egginthelocalityandoccasionallysalesbirdsintimeofdistressanddelight.HisnetincomefromthepoultrycomponentwasRs8,500.00inthepreviousyear(2019).

Output/Impact

TheeconomicsoftheIFScalculatedforoneyearisasthetablebelow:

Gross cost (Rs.) Gross return (Rs.) Net return (Rs.) BCRatio3,37,700 6,46,000 3,08,300 1.9:1

Table 3.1: Economics from the IFS

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Introduction

The Integrated Farming System approach hasmultiple objectives of sustainability,food security, farmer security and poverty reduction. It involves use of outputs of oneenterprise component as inputs for other related enterprises wherever feasible, forexample, cattledungmixedwith crop residues and farmwaste canbe converted in tonutrient-rich vermicompost. The salient features of IFS include – innovation in farmingfor maximising production through optimaluse of local resources, effective recyclingof farm waste for productive purposesand developing a judicious mix of income-generating activities such as dairy, poultry,fishery,vermicompostingandothers.

Mr. Samuel of Chandonpokpi villageunder KVK, Chandel practiced subsistencefarming for their livelihood, in order tomaximizefarmproductivity;thetechnologicalinterventions through Integrated FarmingSystemwereadopted inparticipatorymodebyKVKChandel, ICARResearchComplexforNEHRegion,ManipurCentre.

Name: Kh. Samuel Chothe

Village :Chandonpokpi,ChandelDistrict

Area: 3.00 ha

Components in detail

i. Livestock-Poultry farming: Cattle unit with two cows and a low cost poultry unitwiththecapacityof700birdsarereared.Inayear,heearnsaprofitofRs.72,[email protected]/LandfromeggsandpoultrybirdsheearnsaprofitofRs.1,70,000.00.

ii. Duckcumfishfarming: Atotalof50ducksarerearednearthetwoJalkundtanks.HecouldearnaprofitofRs.62,500.00approx.fromsellingoffishesandducksapartfromusingthejalkundwaterasalivesavingirrigationforwintercrops.

Integrated farming system Chandonpokpivillage,Chandel,Manipur

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iii. Cereal-Legume based cropping system: Totalareaof2hectare isbeingutilizedfor cultivation of rice, maize, blackgram, millets followed by lentil, pea,mustard and other vegetables. Hecould harvest around 5.20 t/ha of riceand earned a profit of Rs.1,30,000.00from paddy, Rs.31,250.00 from maize,Rs.21,200.00 from black gram andmillets, Rs.1,80,200.00 from rabi cropsrespectively.

iv. Horticulture based farming system: Around 0.75 ha area are utilized forgrowinghorticulturalcropslike,banana,citrus, turmeric, tree bean, beansand king chilies etc. He earns a profitof Rs.2,50,000.00 from selling thesehorticulturalproducts.

v. A low cost vermicompost bed wasintroduced to recycle the farm wasteandtopreparethevermincompost.Thiswasinturnutilizedtomeetthenutrientrequirementoffarm.

Output/Impact

The chart below represents theeconomicsofcultivationcalculatedfromtheIFSforoneyear.

FD

IH

Fig4.1:Economicsofthecultivation

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BeforeIntervention,lowcroppingintensitypracticeprevailsinthefarmers’fieldsduetolackofknowledgeaboutcroppingsystemsandtherewaspoorsoilfertilitymanagementduetomonocroppingandnocroprotation.

After Intervention of integrated farmingpractices, therewasa change in croppingpatternwhich leads to enhanced soil fertility as leguminous cropswere started to getincorporatedfrequentlyinthefields.Changeinincomepatternwasevidentfrombettercropproductivityandintensity.Employmentgenerationwaspossiblethroughouttheyearinthevillagebecausetherewasalwayssomethingtobedoneatthefarmandthisledtotheenhancementinlivelihoodsecurityofthefamersinthevillage.

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Introduction

IntegratedfarmingSystemwasdemonstratedatthefarmofaprominentprogressivefarmerofDarlakvillagebytheKVK.Thedetailsofthefarmerareasunder:

Name: LucyLalduhsaki

Farmer’s Name:VLRemruatpuia

Area: 3 ha


i. Piggery-cum-fishculture: Alowcostpigstywasconstructedonthedykeofthepondswhichhadacapacityof2pigsandthepondsof0.22ha.

Fishcouldbeharvestedafter8monthsorafterattaininganaveragebodyweightof600g.About25qoffishcouldbeharvestedfromthepondandisusuallysoldatapriceofRs.150.00/Kg,therebyearninganincomeofRs.3,75,000.00.

ii. Dairy-cum fish culture: A cow shedis constructed near a pond of 0.28 hawherethecowdungaswellastheurineof the cow could easily flow into thepond.

From this system, fish is usuallyharvested after 6 months or up to 8monthofrearingorafterthefisheshaveattainedanaveragebodyweight if600g.Thefarmerswasabletoharvestabout28qoffishandsellsthematantherateofRs.150.00perKgandearnsagrossincomeofRs.4,20,000.00.

iii. Horticulturebasedfarmingsystem- ThebordersofthefisherieswereusedforplantinghorticulturalcropssuchasDragonfruit,BananaandPapayatogainmaximumincomefromherfields.

a. Banana:Bananacultivationwascarriedouton thebanksof theponds toprovidesubsidiaryincome.Bananavariety(LocalCavendish)whichwasmostpreferredbylocalswascultivated.OnebananasoldatRs.2/-.PresentlysheisearningRs.80,000/-fromsellingtheBananainlocalmarkets.

Integrated Farming System DarlakVillageMamitDistrict,Mizoram

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b. Papaya: Papaya cultivationwas carriedout at the banks as well as intercroppingwith various horticultural crops to providesubsidiary income. Red Lady and HawaiianSolo were cultivated. One Papaya sold atRs.60/-perKg.Presently she isearningRs.5,20,000/- from selling the Papaya at thelocalmarkets.

c. Dragon Fruit: Dragon fruit cultivationis being carried out either separately orintercropped with other horticultural cropssuchasPapaya.FruitsweresoldatRs250/-perkg.Presently,sheisearninganincomeofRs.20,00,000/-fromDragonFruit.

Output and Impact

Theresultoftheinterventionintermsofincomegeneratedbythefarmerisasunder:

Table5.1:Economicsoftheintervention

Gross cost (Rs.) Gross return (Rs.) Net return (Rs.) BCratio20,30,000 33,95,000 13,65,000 1.67


l BeforeIntervention:Lowproduce,poorgrowth,nousageofanimalwaste

l After Intervention: Higher productivity, higher growth rate, high profit from allenterprisesandoptimumusageofanimalwasteinthefarm.

Change in income (Rs/yr.)

lBeforeIFS:Rs.9,00,000/-

lAfterIFS:Rs.33,95,000/-

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Introduction

ShriWallamKuparLyngrah,adedicatedprogressiveandinnovativefarmer,hailsfromthevillageMawsiatkhnamofMawlaiC&RDBlock,EastKhasiHillsDistrictofMeghalaya.He isagraduateanda teacherbyprofession.Hestarteddevotinghistime focusingonbetterfarmingpractices.Heownsatotalof4.94acresoflandofwhich2.50acreshasbeenconvertedintoanIntegratedFarm.

Image:Differentfarmenterprises

As an agriculture entrepreneur, Mr. Lyngrah felt that conventional method ofagricultural cultivation minimized the yield and income. It is also associated with lowproductivity, increased cost on agriculture inputs and poor or no utilization of existingresources available in the farm. The conventional method also produced ecologicalproblemsoncropdiversity,animalsandpoultryaswellassoilandwaterpollution.

Integrated Farming System MawsiatkhnamKVKEastKhasiHills,Meghalaya

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His journeytowardsbecomingasustainable farmerbeganwhenhewassearchingfora solution towardssustainableagriculturalmethodsand itwas thenwhenhecameintoclosecontactwithofficialsfromKrishiVigyanKendra,EastKhasiHillsDistrictintheyear 2013 and from that point onwards hewas given technical guidance and all sortsofnecessaryknowledge for sustainableagriculture through integrated farming.Hewasalso inspired by an exposure visit to Indian Council of Agricultural Research for NEHRegion, Umroi Road, Umiam, Ri-Bhoi DistrictMeghalaya, where he was introduced tothe concept and the income opportunities of integrated Farming System. He gatheredtechnicalknowhowbyattendinganumberoftrainingsprogrammes,seminars,workshopsconductedbytheKVKaswellasotherlinedepartmentsandhetookthisopportunityandestablishedanintegratedfarminatotalof2.50acresoflandareasince2015withpoultryandpiggeryunitsasthemaincomponentsinthefarm.Equippedwithastrongfoundationaboutintegratedfarming,ShriLyngrahfurtherdevelopedhisfarmandfurtherupgradedhistechnicalknowhowandcouldalsoincorporateadditionalcomponentstohisunit.

Details of Components

The integratedfarmatpresentnowhasthefollowingcomponentsdistributed inatotalof2.5acresofland:

i. HorticultureUnit

ii. AnimalHusbandryandLivestockUnit

iii.VermicompostUnit

i. HorticultureUnit:Thehorticulturalunitincludes vegetable crops like cabbage,cauliflower, chilli, ginger, chow-chow,etc., fruit crops likepapaya,pineapple,Assam lemon, orange etc. KrishiVigyan Kendra, East Khasi Hills Districthas been giving special emphasis oneffective utilization of land by growingassortedvegetablesallthroughtheyearwhich will increase the farm incomeand sustain the soil health. After undergoing numerous training programmes heunderstoodthatvegetablecropsareoccupyinganimportantplaceindiversificationofagricultureandisalsoplayinganimportantroleinfoodandnutritionalsecurity.InhisvillageMawsiatkhnam,yearroundproductionofvegetablesispossibleinsidethepolyhouseasofgrowingsecondcropintheopenfieldisverydifficultduetohigherrainfallduringMaytoOctober.AshecouldnotaffordtoconstructthepolyhousebyhimselfheapproachedKrishiVigyanKendra,EastKhasiHillsDistrictwhich in turnthroughtheMinistryofAgroTextilesincollaborationwithSASMIRAhashelpedhim

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inconstructingonepolyhouseatasubsidizedrate.Now,hecouldproducevegetablesthroughouttheyearandisgettingyearroundincomefromthisactivity.

ii. AnimalHusbandryandLivestockUnit

lPoultryUnit

He ventured into farming by startingpoultry rearing with fifty nos. birds in hisfarm in theyear2000,howeverhewasnotgetting the returns as expected. After thatheenhancedhispoultryfarmingactivitiesbydoublingthenumberofbirdsandstartedtorear layer birds (BV 360) whereby he facedproblemsregardingscientificpoultryrearing.To overcome the problems faced by him,hestartedadoptingnewtechnologies inhisfarmsoasto improvethefarmproductivityhowever he still suffered losses. On keenand closeobservationheobserved that thebirdsarefondof layingeggsoncornersandwhere there are darker shades. Realizingthis, theprogressive farmerconstructedthelaying cabins which attracted the birds forlaying their eggs.A specificdimensionswasmaintained in the cabins which preventsbreakage of eggs (0% breakage of eggs)duringlayingandprovisionsforcollectingtheeggswhereprovidedintheformofhingedtopcoverssoastofacilitateeasycollectionofeggsfromthecabinwithoutenteringthepoultryshed.Byadoptingthismethod,thefarmercouldincreasetheproductionofeggsfromhisfarmandatthesametimecouldminimizethedeathofbirds.Onanaverage,themodifiedinnovativetechnologyadoptedbythefarmerreducedthespoilageofeggsby90% and thereby increase the productivity by80-90%.Themethodadoptedbythefarmerinvolveslowadditionalinvestmentcostalongwithhighproductivityandlowmortalityrateof the birds, which makes it economicallymoreviable.

lPiggery unit

Pigs are the most common and preferredlivestockspeciesinEastKhasiHills

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DistrictofMeghalaya.Almost80%offarminghousehold intheregionrearpigs(mostly1-2pigs/household)mainly for fatteningpurpose. Theproductionprocess is traditionalmainlybasedonindigenousbreeds.Moreover,pigproducershavetraditionalknowledgeandskillsformanagementofpigsforfatteningpurposebut,fewhavetheskillstobreedpigs.Hence,seeingthisopportunityhestartedthepiggerybreedingunit.Heisrearing9sowsand1boarwhereonesowgivesatleast1farrowingperyear.Thedemandofporkmeatinthemarketishigh,offeringgoodscopetoimprovethesystem.

lGoataryUnit

Theunitconsistsof15numbersofgoatswhichwererearedinafencedareainwhichtheygraze.Zeroexpenditurewasincurredforfeedexceptforfencing,lowcostshedandmiscellaneousexpenditureofRs.5,000.00only.Thegoatsarethensoldatthelocalmarket.

lFisheryUnit

In the year 2018 he constructed 3numbers of fish ponds with a productioncapacity of 600 Kg/0.3 ha and the averagecostofthefishesinthelocalmarketisRs200/Kg. The cost incurred for fingerlings, feedandmiscellaneousitemsareminimumofRs.15000/0.1haper annum.Byproducts fromall units of the farm serve as fertilizer andfeedtothefishponds.

iii. VermicompostUnit

Hehas2vermi-bedsthatareof6x4x2ft.eachwithacapacityofproducingonanaverage 3000 Kg. of vermicompost per year which is entirely used in all his croppingenterprisesinthefarm.Rawmaterialsfromthefarmarethesubstratesusedforcompostingallyearround.

Outcome

Table 6.1: Total cost Incurred and Net income received from each of the components of the Integrated Farm

Components Area/Nos. Gross Income Net Income B:C1. HorticultureunitProtectedCultivation(since2018)

1(500m2) 1,10,000.00 45583.00 0.71(1st Year)

Opencultivation Ginger 2,40,000 182508.00 3.20

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2. Animal Husbandry & Livestock i. Poultry Layers 8,76,000.00 7,09,140.00 4.25

LocalBreed 18,000.00 8,556.00 2ii. Goatary Unit 15nos. 60000.00 38000.00 1.73iii.Piggery Unit 1(9sows+1boar) 6,00,000.00 4,31,419.00 2.4iv. Fisheries(estimate) 3(1000m2 each) 15000.00 35000.00 2.3

Impact

The new technology developed by thefarmerisbeingpracticedbyhimforthepast3 years and is proven to be economicallyrewarding. Farmers inhis villageandof thedistrict who own poultry sheds have beenmotivated by his success and those havingpoultry sheds have adopted the awardwinning innovative idea “Low cost Poultry Layer shed”.Ithasbeen8yearsnowthathehas adopted new farm technologies and isintegratingalltheexistingresourcesavailableinhisfarmcompletelyfortheeconomicandecologicalimprovementsinwhichheisrunninghisfarmsuccessfully.Asaprogressivefarmerheisalwaysopentoskilldevelopmentandiseagertoknoweveryaspectoffarmingthroughvarioussourcesviz.trainings,meetingexpertsfromvariouslinedepartmentsetc.ShriWallamK.Lyngrah’sfarmisnowamodelfarmandhe isnowan influencerandmotivator toothers farmers regarding improvedcultivation/farmingpracticesby incorporatingall theknowledgehehadgatheredalongwithhisowninnovation. WiththehelpofKrishiVigyanKendra,EastKhasiHillsDistrict,hehasbeenpromotedasoneoftheinnovativefarmerinEastKhasiHillsdistrictofMeghalaya.HeisoneofthekeytrainersonIFSwithspecialreferencetopoultryandpiggeryrearinginthedistrict.Heisarolemodeltootherfarmerswhoareaspiringtosetpoultrylayerfarminthedistrictaswellas inotherpartsofthestate.Hissuccesshas influencedhisneighbouringfarmerstoadoptIFS.HehasbecomerolemodelforestablishingasuccessfulIntegratedfarmingSysteminhisblock.

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Introduction

Serchhip District occupies the centralpart of Mizoram, extending more to theeastern side. It lies between 23°35’58’82”and23°00’20’84”Nlatitudeand92°41’06’00”and92°40’39’63”Elongitudes.Itisboundedby Aizawl district on the north, Champhaidistrict on the east and by Lunglei districton the southandwest. It also sharesa fewlengthofboundarylinewithMyanmaronthesouth-eastern part of the district. The totalgeographicalareaof thedistrict is1421.60sqkmwhichaccount for6.74%of the totalgeographicareaofthestate.Thedistrict issituatedatanaltituderangingfrom500m–1889mabovemeansealevelwithanaverageannualrainfallof1680mmandtemperaturerangingfrom4°C-34°C.

The intervention was undertaken at the farm of Mr. F. Vanlalchhara, who is aprogressive farmer, hailing fromN. Vanlaiphai village, E. Lungdar Block. The total landholdingbythefameris1.5hectare.

Component in details

I. Piggerycumfishculture

Twopigstieswiththesizeof6feetX8feetwereconstructedalongwiththewaterstoragetank(3ft2).Thedrainageofthepigdungisconnectedtothefishpond.Ranipigbreed procured from NRC, Guwahati werekeptforbreedingpurposesandgavebirthto8pigletsworthRs6000/-perpiglets.

II. Fish farming

Commoncarpandgrasscarpfingerlingswere released in thefishpondwhichyieldsabout 800 gm/fish after 9 months, the netprofit gained from the fish pond was Rs.1,80,000.00.

Integrated Farming System N.VanlaiphaiSerchhipDistrict,Mizoram

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Acultivableareaof0.2hawereutilizedwiththecultivationofvegetablesliketomato,cabbage,andleafymustardwhichyieldaround8q.oftomato,10q.ofcabbageand50kgofleafymustardwiththegrossincomeofRs.80,000/-peryear

IV. Poultry unit

Asmallpoultryunitwasalsoestablishedinthenearbyfishpondinwhich20numbersofVanaraja,adualpurposebirdswerereared.Thisunitwasrecentlyestablishedanditwillenablethefarmertogainadditional incomefromeggsandmeat,therebyaddingtowardstheoverallincomegenerationoftheIFS.

Output /impact

The impact of the intervention showspromisingresult,whichisevidentinthefollowingtableaswellasthecomparisoninthechanges inparametersbefore andafter adoptionof integrated farming in the farmer’sfield:


Component Gross cost Gross returns Net returns BCratioPiggerycumfish 1,05,000.00 3,08,000.00 2,03,000.00 2.9Horticulturebased 22,500.00 80,000.00 57,500.00 3.5

Changes in parameters

Before intervention: Mr. Vanlalchhara is a dedicated progressive farmer from N.Vanlaiphaivillage,E.Lungdarblock,Serchhipdistrict.Hehasatotallandareaof1.5hawhich1.0haisutilizedasfishpondandtheremaininglandisbeingunutilizedforhorticulture.Fishpondisthemainsourceofincomebuttheyieldisquitelowduetolowinputandpoorutilizationofexistingfarmresources.

Afterintervention:Heattendedmuchtraining,seminars,workshopsconductedbytheKVKSerchhip.WiththeguidanceofKVKSerchhip,hepracticesIntegratedFarmingbyrearingpigsandpoultry.Twopigstieswereconstructedandthepigdungwasutilizedasfish feedwhich increasestheyieldof thefish.Hemaintainedbackyardpoultry farmingthroughtherearingofdualpurposeVanarajabreed.Heutilizedtheremaining0.4haofhisfarmbycultivatinghorticulturalcrops,compressingofdifferenttypesofvegetables.

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Introduction

TuisenphaiofKhawzawlarea inChamphaidistrict ispredominantly a ricegrowingareaduetoitstopographyandwateravailability.Thefarmersinthispockettakeuplowlandricecultivationannually.However,as the landhasbeen inuse foravery longtimethericeproductivityhasbeengoingdowngradually.Attemptsweremadetoaugmenttheirincomethroughdoublecropping(i.e., growingwintervegetables).However,duetoverylowtemperaturesinwinterresultingfrost,doublecroppingwasnotsuccessful.

KeepinginviewthehighdemandoffishinKhawzawlanditsadjoiningareasaswellasthedecliningeconomyofthericegrowingfarmers,theideaofpaddycumfishculturewasadoptedbyaprogressivefarmer,Shri.Pu.SanghlunaofTuisenphaivillage,ChamphaidistrictofMizoram.

Details of the component

I. Paddy cum Fish Culture Ricefieldsarepuddled and transplanting is finished bymid-July.Thericeisusuallyharvestedby2nd weekofNovember.Atrenchof2’wideand2’deepwasdugalongthebunds insidethemainfield.Outof 1.1haof thepaddyfieldabout0.449hacomprisingofdifferentblocksof rice fields is utilized for paddy cum fishculture. Shri. Sanghluna has a good watersourcetokeepthefishesforfurtherbreedingafter harvesting of paddy fromwhich extraincomewasincurredbysellingfingerlingstootherfarmers.HestartedsellingfingerlingsinthemonthofMaybecauseofhighdemand@ Rs 3-5/ fingerling and he could earn Rs80,000-120000/year from fingerlings. Afterharvesting paddy, the field was usuallyconverted into a temporary fish pond. Hecouldharvestpaddyaround17quintalseveryyearandhecouldearnRs55,000. Thebordersofthepaddyfieldwereusedforplantinghorticulturalcropssuchasmulberry,groundnutandwintervegetablesetc.

Paddy cum Fish Culture TuisenphaiChamphaiDistrict,Mizoram

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II. Mulberry

1300saplingsofmulberrywereintroducedbySericultureDepartmentinhisfarm.HecouldearnRs8000-10000annually.

III. Vermicompostingbed

HefirstcametoknowaboutvermicompostingwhileattendingtrainingatKrishiVigyanKendra,ChamphaiDistrict.ThetrainingsorganizedbytheKVKhadarousedaninterestinhimtotakeuptheventure forutilizingAzolla inhispaddyfield.KVKChamphaiDistricthad supplied thevermicompostbed.HecouldharvestAzollaaswell aswaterhyacinthalmosteveryweekfromhisfieldandutilizedthesameinhisvermincompostbed.Oncethecompostisready,heusesthisforvegetableandotherhorticulturecrops.

Output/Impact

Componentwiseincomegeneration,economicsandgraphicalrepresentationintermsofimpactofthesystemonincomegeneratedaftertheinterventionareshownbelow:Table8.1:Component-wiseincomegeneration

Sl. No. Components Average annual Income (Rs.)

Remarks

1 Paddycumfishculture 1,75,000.00 Income generated fromfishfingerlingsmostly

2 Mulberryandotherhorticulturecrops

10,000.00 Maximum profit frommulberry

3 Vermicomposting - Used as input in his ownfarmmostly

Table 8.2: Economics of the IFS

Gross cost (Rs) Gross Return (Rs) Net Return (Rs) BCRatio1,30,000 2,90,000 1,60,000 2.2:1

Fig8.1:Changeinincomebeforeandafterintervention

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Introduction

Integrated farming system is a holistic approach or integrated set or scientificcombinationsofmanycomplementaryandsupplementaryenterprisesleadingtomaximizethe crop productivity and enhance net farm income by optimal and sustained use ofnaturalresourcesandeffectiveuseofavailableby-products.Thescientificcombinationsorintegrationismadeinsuchawaythatproductofoneenterpriseshouldbetheinputofotherenterprisewithhighdegreeofcomplimentaryeffectsoneachother.Adoptionofintegratedfarmingsystemleadstoreplacementofofffarminputs,sustainableproductionofhighquality foodandstability in farm income throughmultipleenterprises thataimatmaximumutilizationofavailablenaturalresourcestomeetthefamilyneedsandfulfillnutritionrequirementtoo.Itaimsatgeneratingathresholdleveloffarmincomerequiredforthefarmfamilytomaintainsustainedinterestinfarming.

Farmer’s name: ManikDas

Village: Laxmibill

Area: 0.74ha


I. Crop component: The IFS model comprising different crops such as cereals (riceand maize), pulses (lentil, pea), oilseeds (soybean, rapeseed), vegetable crops(cabbage,cauliflower,tomato,carrot, okra, brinjal, potato,knoll khol, chili, coriander,amaranthus, bean etc.),fruits (Assam lemon, papaya,banana) etc. were grown inan area of 0.56 ha area. Thetotal cost of cultivation ofvarious crop component ofthemodelwasRs.39,541.00.The net profit realized fromcrop component of 0.56 haareawasRs.77,046.00.

II. Dairy component: Adairyunitwithacapacityof1milchcowwithcalfwasrearedina40m2 (0.0040ha)area.Thenet return fromdairycomponentwascalculated

Integrated Farming System Laxmibillvillage,SepahijalaTripura

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onlyintermsofmilkproductionsincethecowdungproducedwasrecycledbackintothemodelwhichwasusedasmanureforcropproduction.ThenetprofitreleasedfromdairyunitcomestoaroundRs.17,065.00andcostofcultivationisRs.21,365.00(26.2%).

III. Fishery component: Afarmpondof0.16haareawithaveragedepthof1.5meterwaspartoftheIFSmodelforenhancingfarmincome.Vegetablessuchasashgourd,bottlegourd,cucumber,ridgegourdetc.,weregrownonabamboostructurecreatedabovewaterbodies in one sideof the farmponddyke for vertical intensification.Pumpkins were raised in another side of the pond and allowed to crawl on theground.Thewashingsfromthedairyunitweredivertedtwice inaweek(2-3daysinterval)tofishpondforpromotinggrowthofzooplanktonandphytoplanktonforfishgrowth.ThesolidwastefromcowshedwasusedforFarmYardManuremakingandvermicomposting. Incompositefishculture instackingpondfishseedof10-12cmlengthfingerlingsisstocked(1200-1600fingerlingsper0.16hawaterbodies)inlayer-wise(upper30%,middle40%andbottom30%).ThenetprofitrealizedfromwaterbodiescometoaroundRs.1,60,000.00([email protected]/kgfish)andcostofcultivationisRs.16,900.00(20.7%).

IV. Nutrient cycling: To satisfy the crop nutrient requirement and sustainable cropproduction nutrient cycling within the farm is a matter of great concern. Formaintainingcompostingunitof80squaremeterareaandotherimportantoperationslikeresiduerecyclingandlimingetc.TheexpenditureincurredwasRs.3,700.00whichaccountto4.6%ofthetotalcost.Since,thesoiloftheIFSarea isacidic innature,applicationofliming(450Kg/hainfurrowinalternateyears)isrequired.

Table 9.1: Economics of the IFS model

Farming System components Total area(ha )

Rice Equivalent Yield (t)

Cost (Rs) Net returns (Rs)

Crops(Cereals,oilseeds,vegetables,pulses,fruits,flowersandfoddercrops)

0.5668 7.37 39541 77046

Dairy(1milchcow+1calf) 0.0040 2.56 21365 17065

Fishery component 0.16 3.65 16900 160000

Total 0.74 13.58 81,506 2,50,411

Net income/day 686.00

ConsideringthebenefitsfromtheIFSmodelwithanetreturnofRs.2,50,411.00peryearfrom0.74haarea,anetincomeofRs.20,867.00permonthorRs.686.00perdaywasachievedwhichisamodestamountforlivingbyafourmemberfamily(2adultsand2children).Assumingoffoodrequirementandotherexpenditureperdayforafourmember

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family(2adultsand2children)forrice(1,300g,Rs.39.00), lentil (150g,Rs.18.00),oil(300 g, Rs.30.00), vegetables (1000 g, Rs. 50.00), fruits (400 g, Rs. 40.00), fish (110 g,Rs.22.00),meat(100g,Rs.20.00),others(milk,eggsetc.Rs.20.00),atotalofRs.239.00isrequiredperdaytowardsfood.However,thereisfurtherneedtoenhancetheincometomeettheotherrequirementofthefamilyi.e., medicine, schooling, clothing and other essentialneedsetc.Themodelseemtobethesolutiontotheproblemsofincreasingfoodproduction,enhancingfarmincome,improvingnutritionofthesmallandmarginalfarmersofTripurawithlimitedresources.

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Introduction

Anintegratedapproachtoagricultureleadstosustainabilityandaneverincreasingpatterninfarmyieldandmanagingresources.Sustainableagriculturethroughanintegratedapproachaddressesallthreecriticalaspectofsustainability;i.e.,economic,environmentalandsocialissues.TheIFSapproachhasmultipleobjectivesofsustainability,foodsecurityandpovertyreduction.Itinvolvesuseofoutputsofoneenterprisescomponentasinputsforotherrelatedenterpriseswhereverfeasible,forexample,cattledungmixedwithcropresiduesandfarmwastecanbeconvertedintonutrientrichvermicompost,whichcanbeusedasinputinafarm.

In terms of agriculture, crop waterrequirementinthestateofManipurisentirelydepended on rainfed agriculture and riceoccupiesmore than 80% of the agriculturalarea in thekharif season.The landholdingsaresmallandthefarmerspracticesubsistencefarmingfortheirlivelihood.Thenortheasternpeoplearemeat loversandahugedemandexists for poultry, pork and other meatproducts. Invariably, there exists deficit incrops,livestockandfisheryproducts.Hence,inordertomaximizefarmproductivity,thetechnologicalinterventionsthroughintegratedfarmingsystemwereadopted.

The interventionwaspracticed in the farmofaprogressive farmernamedPhijamThoibaSinghofUkhomgshangvillage.Thetotalareaundertheinterventionis0.4ha.

Components in details

Paddycumfishculture(PFC)isfishfarmingwithpaddy.Thissystemisprofitableandsustainable,aspaddyandfishcanbeharvestedasaunitfromthecultivablearea.Thewetterracericefieldswheresurfaceandgroundwaterissufficientlyavailable,canbeutilizedfordevelopmentofPFC.Theplotisrenovatedbyexcavatingcanals,pools,andtrenchestoretainwaterforshelteringthefishesduringthesummermonths.Thewaterstoredmayalsobeusedforirrigatingtheplot.

lTotalareaofpaddycumfishculture=0.4ha.

lFishbreedslikecommoncarpandrohuwerestocked@stockingdensityof6000/ha.

Integrated farming system UkhomgshangvillageThoubalDistrict,Manipur

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Table10.1:Stockingofthefingerlings

Species Stocking density Average weight during stockingCommoncarp 1000 10-15gm

Rohu 1500 10gm

Output/ Impact

Hecouldharvest1.58tonofpaddyfrom0.4haandhewasabletoearnRs.9000.00asprofitfrompaddy.Atotalof95kgoffisheswasharvestedwithagainprofitofRs.14550.00fromfishalonewithin3monthsoffishculture.Thetablesandchartbelowdepictsclearlythepromisingresultobtainedfromthefarmingsystem.

Table10.2:Harvestingoffishafter3monthsculture

Species Average weight Total weight harvested (Kg) Amount (Rs.)

Commoncarp 150gm 55Kg 13,750Rohu 100gm 40Kg 10,000Total 95 Kg 23,750

Table10.3:Economicsofthepaddycumfishculture

Items Gross cost (Rs.) Gross return (Rs.) Net return (Rs.) BCratioPaddy 31000 40000 9000 1.29Fish 9200 23750 14550 2.58Total 40,200 63,750 23,550 1.5:1

Changes in parameters

Beforeintervention

l Onlyricecouldbeharvestedfromthepaddyfield.

l Incomegeneration is relatively lessascomparedto integrationofpaddywithfish.

Afterintervention

l Enhancedriceyieldthroughindirectorganicfertilizationthroughfishexcreta.

l Additionalincomeanddiversifiedharvesti.e.,fishandrice

l Fishcontrolstheunwantedfilamentousalgaewhichmayotherwisecompeteforthenutrients.

l Ricefieldservesasfishnurseries.

l Economicalutilizationofland.

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33


Introduction

Integrated Farming System wasdemonstrated at the farm of a progressivefarmerhailingfromHnahthialvillage,LungleiDistrictofthestateofMizoram.Thefarmer’snameisMr.LalhmingsangaSailoandhisfarmcoversanareaofabout0.25ha. IntegratedFarming Systemwith Piggery cum Fisheriesas a main component was conducted atthe farmer’s farmandhewas probably thefirstfarmerinthevillageoreventhedistrictto conduct such intervention. With theintervention from the KVK, the farmer hasbeen reaping thebenefits fromhis farm fortwoyearsnow.Sincemostof thepeople inthevillageobtaintheirproteinfrommeatandfish,theinterventionwashighlyadaptableasthe yield of fish from the system has beenproventobemuchhigherthanconventionalfarming.

Details of the IFS

Alowcostpigstywasconstructedontheembankment of his farm pond with locallyavailablematerials.3numbersofLargeWhiteYorkshire breed piglets were distributed tothe farmer. Pig dung, urine andwashing ofthe pig sty were directly released into thepond.Forcompositefishculturecomprisingof both Indian Major Carp and Exotic Carpwereundertaken.Fishfingerlingswerestockat2000nos.inthepond.Noothersupplementationfeedwasprovidedtothefishandthecostofcultivationwasslashedconsiderably.Thetotalareaof0.25haiscultivatedasPigcumFishfarmingwithvegetablecrops.

Integrated Farming System Hnahthial,LungleiDistrictofMizoram

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Outcome

With the intervention from the KVK, the farmer could realize maximum outputin terms of revenue fromhis farm. The economic detail from the different enterprisesundertakeninthefarmer’sfieldislistedinthetablebelow:

Table11.1:Economicsofthedifferententerprises

Intervention Gross cost (Rs.) Gross return (Rs.) Net return (Rs.) BCRatioPiggery 16800 43500 26700 2.58

Fisheries 14500 32000 17500 2.2Vegetablecultivation

15700 54300 38600 3.45

Thechartbelowrepresents thecomparisonbetween the1st and 2nd year in terms ofeconomicachievementoftheinterventionwhichwasconductedatthefarmer’sfarm.The incomegeneratedduringsecondyearwashighbecauseofthereductionofcostofcultivation:

Fig 11.1: Comparison between the 1st and 2nd year of the IFS

Thebenefitcostratiowasalsocalculatedtobe1.95and2.23duringthe1st year and 2ndyearrespectively.

Impact

KVK, Lungleimade intervention of IFS (Pig cum Fish farming) through technologydemonstration under NICRA Project. About 3 numbers of progressive farmers in the

35


Hnahthial villagewere selected for carryingouttheintervention.Mr.LalhmingsangaSailo,a progressive farmer from Hnahthial villagewas highly successful from the interventionundertakenathisfarmandtheoutcomefromtheIFSwashighlyappreciated.Thedemandfor fish andmeat in the village is very highandhehasnoprobleminsellinghisproducein the local market. His success has nowmotivatedotherfarmersforpracticingIFSonpigcumfishfarmingasthemaincomponentinthevillage.

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Introduction

The farmers of North Tripura district are mainly associated with traditional fishculturemethods like culture of IndianMajor Carps, exotic carps and few otherminorcarpsintraditionalwayundernormalfishcultureactivities.Theearningsfromthistypeoftraditionalfishculturepracticesarelesscomparedtocultureofhighvaluecommercialfishspecies.However,thereisverylittleknowledgeaboutintegratedfarmingsystemamongthe farmersof this region.Keeping this inmind,developmentof IFSmodule (Fish cumDuckfarming)appearedtobeaninnovativeaswellashighearningsourceoffishculturepracticeinthisdistrict.

Raising ducks over fishponds fits very well with the fish poly-culture system, astheducksarehighlycompatiblewithcultivatedfishes.Ducks fertilizethepondbytheirdroppings, resulting incompletesavingsonpond fertilizerandsupplementaryfish feedwhich accounts for 60 per cent of the totalcostinconventionalfishcultureandtheyneedverylittlefeed.Ducksloosenthepondbottomwith their dabbling and help in release ofnutrientsfromthesoilwhichincreasespondproductivity. Ducks aerate the water whileswimming and been termed as biologicalaerators. Duck houses are constructed onpond dikes; hence, no additional land isrequiredforduckeryactivities.

Intervention

Aninnovativeapproachwasundertakenby Krishi Vigyan Kendra, North Tripura fordevelopment of Fish cum Duck farmingwithIndianmajorcarpsandkhakiCampbellvarietyofDuckamongthespecialinterestedgroups of farmers in different places ofNorth Tripura district. Under this activity atfirst beneficiaries were selected based ontheir interest and two numbers of trainingprogrammeswereconductedbyKVKamongtheinterestedfarmers.

PopularizationofFishcumDuckfarming NorthTripuradistrict

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Technologydetails:Duckcumfishculture

A total of 30nos. ducklingsof 25daysoldweregiventofourfarmersatChandrapurGP under Dharmanagar Sub-Division underKVK-OFT(F.Y.-2015-16).Also,2000nos.fishseed / trial were distributed. Area per trialwas0.16ha,and thecultureperiodwas10months.

Outcome and Impact

The difference in outcome between the farm with integration and the one withconventionalmethodoffishfarmingareasfollows:

Table 12.1: Ponds with Khaki Campbell ducks

S. No. Particulars Yield1 Duckmeat 35kg/unit2 Fish 1980kg/ha3 Egg laying 1200no.egg/trial4 B:CRatio(GR/GC) 4.15

Table12.2:Controlpondswithnormalfishculturemethods

S. No. Particulars Yield1 Duckmeat 32kg/unit2 Fish 1300kg/ha3 Egg laying 532no.egg/unit4 B:CRatio(GR/GC) 2.12

Impact of the Technology

Theinputslikeduckling,pelletfishfeedand fish fingerling were distributed free ofcosttothefarmerunderthetrial.Themaleducks were sold out by the farmers whentheir weight reached 2 kg and above andtheireggsweremarketedatnearbymarketatareasonableprice.TwooftheprogressivefarmersnamelySriBijitPaulandDipanPaulamongthis farmersgrouphadkept50eggsseparately andhatched themout tohaveafreshstockofducklings.

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Thedemandoftheduckmeataswellasduckeggsishighintheregion,[email protected]/[email protected]/[email protected]/Kg.TheyreceivedaveragenetincomeofaroundRs.64,100/0.16hawhichwasmuchhighercomparedtonormalfishculturepracticewhichwas around Rs. 17,000/ 0.16 ha. After their great experience with the Duck cum fishfarmingpractice, thosefarmersalsostartedsharingallof theirexperiencesandrelatedinformationaboutthebenefitof integratedDuckcumfishfarmingwiththeirneighborsandotherfarmers.


Impact and Horizontal expansion

Lookingintothesuccessoftheabovementionedmodel,similarmodelofDuckcumfishculturewasstartedinSouthPadmabilGP,WestPanisagarGPandUptakhaliGPunderPanisagarSubdivisionunderNorthTripuraDistrictamongthedifferentinterestedfarmer’sgroups.ThisinturnimprovedtheirlivelihoodandsocioeconomicstatuslikeotherpartsofIndia.OflatemoreandmorefarmersarecomingfrequentlyintheKVKNorthTripuraoffice for taking trainingandgatheringknowledgeabout thebenefitsofDuckcumfishfarmingandaboutotherintegratedfishfarmingaswell.ThisshowsthewideandhorizontalexpansionofthisculturetechnologyamongtheruralfisherfolkofthisDistrict.

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Introduction

Integratedfarmingsystem,fishcumpoultrycumhorticulturalcropatDobogrevillage,SouthGaroHillsincludespoultryhousebuiltoverthepond,fishrearinginthepond,vermicompost unit and turmeric plantation on the embankment of pond. Poultry droppingfertilizesthepondwaterandhelpstoenhancethenaturalfishfoodorganismsresultinginnosupplementaryfeeding.Itismainlyintroducedtoutilizethegivenunitareaefficientlyand to increase farmers income. Such IFS enhance the farmer’s income by producingpoultrymeat,eggs,vermicompostandturmericalongwithfishatlowcost.

Farmer’s Name:JolithaCh.Marak

Village: Dobogre

Area:0.1ha


Fishcumpoultrycumhorticulturalcrop:

Fish fingerlings weighing around 10g/fingerling are stocked in the pond @800fingerlings/0.1ha.Atotalof420kgfishisharvestedafter11monthsofrearingwithoutanysupplementaryfeeding(Averagebodyweightoffishis600g)andsoldat180/kg.

Alowcostpoultryhousemadeofbambooandthatchhavingthecapacityof25-30nos.ofpoultrybirds(30ft2)isbuiltoverthepondtofertilize0.1haareaofpondwater.25numbersof4weeksoldVanarajaarerearedbyfeedingkitchenwaste,riceandricebran

Integrated Farming System Dobogre,SouthGaroHills,Meghalaya

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for12monthsandproduced540numbersofeggand57kgmeat.EggsandmeatweresoldatRs.10andRs.250/kgrespectively.

The horticultural crop, turmeric(Megha Turmeric-1) is planted on the pondembankment having total area of 148.53sq.mandyielded150Kg.

Vermicompost unit on the pondembankmentproduces1800Kginayearandthe harvested vermicompost were sold atRs.20/Kg.Itisalsousedintheturmericplantationasorganicmanure.

Output/Impact:


Gross cost Gross return (Rs.) Net return (Rs.) BCratio25,000 1,36,750 1,11,750 5.5


lBeforeIntervention:Beforeintervention,main source of income was from fisheriesonly,thiswasverylow.Supplementalfeedwasalsoprovidedandthismakesthe inputcosttobeveryhigh.ThemodeoffarmingbeforetheinterventionofintegratedfarmingbytheKVK was highly unsustainable in all frontsand farmers used to suffer tremendouslyespeciallyintermsofincome.

lAfterIntervention:AftertheinterventionoftheKVK,asomewhatcompleteIntegratedFarming System was established in thefarmer’s farm. Waste generated from eachcomponent could be used as input for theother and this made the cost of input toreducetoagreatextent.For instance,sincethe poultry unit was constructed just overthe fish pond, droppings from the poultryprovide supplemental feed to the fishesthereby eliminating the need for externalsupplemental fish feed. This also made

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thefishestogrowmuchquickerthantheoneswithconventionalsystemofrearingandtheoutputandyieldisthusmuchhigher.Thefarmercouldalsoobtainincomefromthesellingofeggsaswellasfrompoultrymeat.Thefarmerisalsoengagedintheprocessofvermicompostingwhereheusesitassourceofnutrientforgrowinghiscrops.Overall,theincomegeneratedfromthewholesystemisveryhighandthecostofinputisalsoreduced.

ThefarmerwasverymuchpleasedwiththeinterventionfromtheKVKonhisfarmanditisdefinitelyasourceofinspirationtootherfarmersinthevillagealike.Theoutcomeintermsofincomeisverymuchevidentaspriortotheintervention,themainsourceofincomewasfromfisheriesalonewhichwasonlyaboutRs.30,000.00perannumandnowtheincomegeneratedfromthefarmisoverRs.1,11,750.00perannum.

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Introduction

Cultivation of paddy as solecrop in low land valley ecosystem ishighly prevalent in Ri Bhoi region ofMeghalayaandthetypeofcultivationyields low productivity and incometo the farmers. Inorder toboost theincomeoffamersandalsoformeetingthe target of doubling the incomeoffarmersbytheyear2022,paddycumfish integrated farming system wasintroducedtothefarmersinlowlyingareas.Thissystemcomplimentseachotherwithutilizationofdifferentecologicalnichesandfunctiontogetherwhichlastsfor6-8monthsdependingupontheavailabilityofwater.Fishlivesinbetweenthedensepaddywhichhelpsasahideoutagainstbirds,inreturnfishprovidesfertilizerwiththeirdroppings,eatinsectpestsandhelptocirculateoxygenaroundthepaddyfieldresultinginpaddyyieldenhancement.Realizingtheimportanceofpaddy-fishfarming,thetechnologywasstandardisedbytheDivisionofFisheries,ICARResearchComplex,Umiamsoastoenhancethefarmincomeofthefarmers.KVKRiBhoiundertookOFTatthreedifferentvillagesviz.,KyrdemandUmsawriangcoveringonehectareareainfivedifferentfarmers’fieldsduringtheyear2018-19toenhancethesystemproductivityandincomeofthefarmingcommunityinthedistrict.

Methodology

Modificationsinthepaddyfieldsweredonebydiggingcanalsortrenchesinvariousformshavingadepthof0.5-0.6mdeepand1mwidewhichservesasarefugeforfishes.Thedykewaselevatedwithgentleslopewhichcanretainorwithstandifthewaterlevelrisesandinstalledwithinletandoutletprotectedwithfinescreening.Dependingonthelocation, fencingwithnettingmaterialwasusedtopreventfishes fromescapingduringheavyrains.Transplantationofpaddywasdonewhenthefieldwasready.Aftertwoweeksoftransplantation,fingerlingsofAmurcommoncarp(mainspecies),catla,rohu,mrigal,silvercarp,grasscarp,goniuswerestocked@6000-7500nos./haofpaddyarea.Thefishfedweremainlywithricebranandmustardoilcakeintheratioof1:1wheneverrequired.Paddyandfishesareusuallyharvestedatthesametimeordependingontheavailabilityofthewater.

Integrated Paddy cum Fish farming RiBhoiDistrict,Meghalaya

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Outcome and impact

The result revealed that the paddy cum fish integrated farming system produced63.33q/haascomparedtomonocroppingofpaddyyieldwith15q/haandfishyieldwas4q/hafor100dayscultureperiod.ThenetreturnprofitwasRs127550.00perhawiththeintegrationofpaddyandfishwithB:Cof3.1as compared tomono-croppingofpaddy.Thefarmerswerehappywiththeintegrationoffishcumpaddyascomparedwithmono-croppingoffarmingintermsofyield,incomeandsystemproductivity.

Table 14.1: Paddy cum Fish Farming in Ri Bhoi District of Meghalaya

Details of Technology

Yield/ ha Cost(Rs/unit)

Net Return (Rs/ha)

BC Ratio

Paddy cum Fish Yield

� 63.33qpaddy� 4qfish(100dayscultureperiod)

62450 127550 3.1

MonocroppingPaddy

15 20750 24250 2.16

Another such intervention wasundertaken in two other villages in thedistrict. The detail of the intervention is asunder:

This interventionwas demonstrated atSohriewbleiandPahambirthemvillagesofRiBhoiDistrictandthreefarmerswereinvolved.Thelowlyingpaddyfieldswhicharepronetofloodsandcropfailurewereselectedforthisintervention.With this practice, the incomeoffarmershasalsoenhancedperunitarea.Thereisalsoreductionintheproductioncostoffishwhichreflectsinminimizingtheinputcostofproductioninpaddyandfish.

Methodology

Thedemonstrationwas conducted in threedifferent farmers’ farmsviz., Shri Shlei Tamu, ShriMedistar Lyngdoh and Shri JamesMaring. The farmers hailed from villagesSohriewbleiandPahambirthemrespectivelyunderRi-BhoiDistrictofMeghalaya.Thetotalareaunderthedemonstrationisabout0.05ha.Atotalof600numbersoffishfingerlings,mostlyIndianMajorCarpwerereleasedtothepaddyfieldsforthepurposeofenhancingtheproductionofpaddyandattainingadditionalincomefromfisheries.Vegetablecropssuchasmaize,cucurbits,pulsesandgingerwerealsogrowninsmallquantityinthevicinityofthefarmforselfconsumptionandforgainingadditionalincomealso.

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Outcome and Impact

Itwas reported that theyieldoffishwas4q/ha for100dayscultureandyieldofpaddywas66.33q/ha(135days).Itwasalsoreportedthattheyieldoffishwithoutpaddywasabout55kgfrom0.01haareaandfishyieldfromthepaddyintegratedsystemwas150kgfrom0.01haarea.TheaverageannualincomereceivedbythefarmersbeforeandaftertheinterventionwasRs.42,800.00andRs.95,750.00perfarmerrespectively.

Table14.2:Paddycumfishculture

Sl. No. Intervention With IFS Without IFS1 Fishyieldfrom0.01haarea 150Kg 55Kg2 Paddyyield(135days) 66.33q/ha3 Annualaverageincome(Rs.) 95,750.00 42,800.00


The intervention was well accepted by the famers and horizontal spread of theintervention seems imminent as neighbouring farmers were highly impressed by theintervention. Optimistically, this practise will definitely have an impact on the farmingpractises of the farmers in the village as awhole and itmight also paveway towardsimprovingtheincomeoffarmersofthevillagestosomeextent.

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Introduction

The system was demonstrated atdifferent farmers’ farms at Sohriewbleivillage of Ri Bhoi District and the name ofthefarmersareShriLumlangMasharing,ShriJus Makri and Shri Sainbor Masharing. Thetotalareacoveredwhichwasdemonstratedtothefarmerswas0.05hainall.Previously,the farmers were not totally aware on thebenefits of such practices and after theinterventiontheresultsachievedwerehighlyappreciatedbythem.Besidespoultryandfisheries,vegetablecropsandothercropswerealsogrownintheadjoiningvacantspacesand this has enabled the farmers to attainadditionalincome.

Methodology

In this system, improved dual purposepoultry ‘Vanaraja’ breed was used whichwere supplied to the farmers. Each farmerreceived 30 numbers of birds. In addition,about 1500 numbers of Indian Major Carpfingerlingsper0.1hapondareawassuppliedto the respective farmers soas todrive theadvantages from complimentary economicfactorswith therearingofpoultry.Poultryshedswereconstructednear thefishpondsitself.Cropsgrowninthevicinityofthefarmincludesmaize,bottlegourd,pumpkin,chilly,blackgram,gingeretc.andthishasenabledthefarmerstoobtainadditionalincome.

Outcome and Impact

Based on the recommendations madebytheKVKpersonnel,theoutcomefromthesystemishighlypromisingandneighbouringfamers are also encouraged to take upsuch type of farming for sustainability andprofitability. The growth of fish from the

Integrated Fish cum Poultry Farming System Sohriewbleivillage,Ri-Bhoi,Meghalaya

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systemismuchhigherthanthatwithoutpoultryandtherebyimpactingontheyieldandoverall income.Therevenuegeneratedfromthesystem,however, ismuchhigher fromeggsthananyotherenterprise,followedbyfisheriesthenfrompoultrymeatandfinallyfromthecropsgrownintheavailablespacesinthefarm.Eggproductionwasreportedtobeonanaverageof10numbersperbirdpermonthandincomegeneratedwastothetuneofRs.26,500.00perunit.Fishyieldwasreportedtobe165.5kgper0.1haofpondarea.Thebenefitcostratiowasreportedtobe3.3fromthesystem,whichishighlypromisingforhorizontalexpansiontotheneighbouringfamersinthevillageandneighbouringvillagesalso.

The chart below shows average income distributed between different enterprisesfromthesystem.

Fig15.1:DistributionofincomefromtheIFS

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Introduction

Prasenjit Das, a progressive farmerof Pekucherra village of North Tripura is asuccessful farmer IFS in his farm land. Hehas been associated with farming for over30 years now, but he normally practisestraditional methods of crop cultivation. InconsultationwithKVKNorthTripurain2014,he started IFS along with high value exoticvegetable(Capsicum)cultivation. Heisnowthebest Farmerwith Scientific IFSmodels in theDistrict andalso received recognitionfrom “Tripura Agricultural Graduate Association (TAGA)” for his contribution towardsprogressivefarming.Heisalsotheleadfellowforproductionlinkagebusinessinthedistrictandcreatingmarketchannelforthelast15years.

Intervention

An approachwas undertaken by KrishiVigyan Kendra North Tripura during 2014withthefinancialhelpofICARATARIZoneVIIandATMA.KVK,NorthTripuraisinvolvedforintegrationofdifferentcomponents,scientificfishculture,compositefishculture,dairyandGoatery,Soiltestbasedfertilizerapplication,scientificcultivationofexoticvegetables likecapsicum, red cabbage, Broccoli, Bok Choi(a type of Chinese cabbage) etc. Integrated pestmanagement and integrated nutrientmanagement were also demonstrated in the farmer’s farm and popularized in theneighbouringfarmersofPekucherravillage.Adoptionof integratedfarmingsystem(IFS)withminimumchemicalfertilizers/inputsandpracticingexoticvegetableswasthetargetforfarmerfordoublingfarmincomeagainstconventionalsystem.

Technologyadoption

Basedonhis experienceonIFSmodel,hestartedtwofisheryunitsforcompositefishfarming,Goaterywith15-20nos.ofBlackBengalgoatsanddairyfarmingwith5nos.ofjerseycowand3nos.ofbull.ExoticcropcultivationthroughcapsicumcultivationusingvarietyIndrawasalsoincorporatedinthesystem.

Vegitable based Integrated farming system Pekucherravillage,NorthTripura

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Output and Impact

Theoutput/outcomeofintegratedfarmingpracticearedescribedinthetablebelow:

Table16.1:EconomicsofthedifferententerprisesCrop Enterprise

Technology Yield Gross Cost(Rs/acre)

Gross Return (Rs/acre)

Net Return (Rs/acre)

B:C Ratio

Capsicumcultivationin the IFS

Cultivationhighvaluevegetablecrop (Capsicum)withminimum chemical fertilizers/inputs

12t/acre 1,48,600 600,000.00 451400.00 4.04:1

Capsicumcultivationbefore

Cultivationhighvaluevegetablecrop (Capsicum)withconventionalsystem

10t/acre 1,18,600 450,000.00 331400.00 3.79:1

Economics from the IFSIFSwithcapsicum (Horti-Dairy-Fishery-Goatery)-2017

HortiCrop-capsicum

12.00t/acre 148600 600000.00 451400.00

4.16:1

Dairy- 2000L 30000 100000.00 70,000.00Fishery 500Kg 12000 100000.00 88,000.00Goatery 10nos. 8000 20000.00 12,000.00Cereals/pulses/oilseeds/fodder

Combined 30000.00 130000.00 1,00,000.00

Total IFS 228600 9,50,000.00 721400.00

Before going for integration of agriculture and allied components, farmers ofPekucherra village and nearby areas used to practice traditional vegetable cultivation.Thepaddyfieldswere leftas fallowsduringwinterbecauseofhigh inputcosts.SimilarconditionswereobservedintheadjoiningvillagesandafterwitnessingtheimpactofIFS,theyapproachedtheKVKforsimilarkindof interventionattheirrespectivefarms.Asaresult,morethan105farmersarenowengagedinIFS.

integrated farming systems for doubling farmers income in

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