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Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles and other advanced conceptsfor Biomass Power Generation
Presented at
2nd Annual California Biomass Collaborative Forum
Sacramento, CaliforniaMarch 1, 2005
The Gas Technology Institute
> An Independent, Not-for-Profit Research, Development & Deployment Organization– Located on an18-acre campus in Des Plaines, Illinois – 300 employees
GTI Serves the Energy Industry,from the Wellhead to Burnertip…
Performing:> Contract Research> Program Management> Technical Services &
Consulting> Education and Training
Biomass Gasification for Power Generation
> Integrated Gasification – Power: IGCC– CHP: engine, micro-turbine, fuel cell– Boiler
Fluidized Bed Gasification - IGCC Process
Figure 1
HIGH PRESSURE
BED MATERIAL
GASIFIER
CYCLONE
GAS COOLER
STEAM TO HRSG
FROMHRSG
FLY ASH
FILTERCLEAN PRODUCT GAS
GASTURBINE
HEAT RECOVERYSTEAM GENERATOR
STACK
STEAMTURBINE
HEAT PRODUCTIONOR CONDENSER
BOOSTERCOMPRESSOR
AIR
STEAM
BOTTOM ASH
AIR
TO GASCOOLER
FROM GASCOOLER
NATURAL GAS
BIOMASS
FUELHANDLINGAND FEEDING
Biomass Power Generation
Figure 3
Fluidized Bed Gasification - Gas Engine Fluidized Bed Gasification - Gas Engine LOW PRESSURE
BIOMASS
ASH
AIR
ASH
POWER
HEAT
GASIFIERTAR CRACKER
GAS COOLING
GAS FILTER
GAS COOLINGSTACK
HEAT RECOVERY
GAS TANK
GAS ENGINE(S)
FUELFEEDING
Biomass Power Generation
Figure 2
Fluidized Bed Gasification - Boiler ApplicationLOW PRESSURE
GASIFIER
COALOIL
ASH
PRODUCT GASFILTER
LARGEBOILER
ASH
GAS COOLER
TOSTACK
AIR
BIOMASS
Biomass Power Generation
Biomass Power GenerationFixed-Bed Gasifier in Power Generation
Figure 4
ASH
GASIFICATIONAIR
BIOMASS FUEL FEEDING
UPDRAFTGASIFIER GAS BOILER STEAM CYCLE
HEAT
POWER
AIR
GAS BURNER
STACK
CONDENSER
FEED WATERTANK
STEAM TURBINE
Generic Gasification Reactors
Feed (3Feed (3--30mm)30mm)
GasGas
SteamSteam+ O+ O22
AshAsh
GasGas
AshAsh
FeedFeed(1(1--5mm)5mm)
SteamSteam
OO22
SlagSlag
GasGas
FeedFeed(0.1mm)(0.1mm)
FeedFeed(0.1mm)(0.1mm)
SteamSteam+ O+ O22
SteamSteam+ O+ O22
FIXEDFIXED--BEDBEDPROCESSPROCESS
FLUIDIZEDFLUIDIZED--BEDBEDPROCESSPROCESS
ENTRAINEDENTRAINED--FLOWFLOWPROCESSPROCESS
GTI Fluidized-Bed Gasifier
HOT PRODUCT GAS
Air/Oxygen/Steam
FUEL
ASH
Novel gasifier
humidifier
gasification air
cooling
ash bin
FORCED FUEL FEEDING
- use of low density fuelspossible
FIXED BED OPERATION
- tars decomposed above the fixed fuel bed by additional air feeding
PRODUCT GAS
- high temperature & lowtars
IGCC Project in Andhra Pradesh, India
BIOMASS 210 tpd
BED MATERIAL
GASIFIER
CYCLONE
GASCOOLER
WATERFROMHRSG
FLY ASH AIR
GAS TURBINE No. 1
HEAT RECOVERYSTEAM GENERATOR
STACKFROM GASCOOLER
TO GASCOOLER
STEAMTURBINE
CONDENSER
BOOSTERCOMPRESSOR
AIR
STEAM
ASH ANDBED MATERIAL
STEAM TOHRSG
CLEAN PRODUCT GAS
PARTICULATEREMOVAL
4.7 MWe
4 MWe
BOOSTERCOMPRESSOR
GAS TURBINE No. 2
4.7 MWe
AIR
Carbona
India IGCC Proces Design Basis
FuelWood chips and woody biomass from plantationsMoisture content 20 wt %9,000 Btu/lb (dry)Feed rate 210 tons per day
PowerGas turbines 9.5 MWeSteam turbine 4.0 MWeNet power 12.5 MWe
Net Electric Efficiency: 37%
Skive Project, Denmark
GASIFIER
GAS FILTERGAS COOLER
GAS ENGINES
TAR REFORMER
BIOMASS
AIR & STEAM
ASH
FLY ASH
BOILER
TO STACK
WATER
GAS SCRUBBING
GAS BUFFER TANK
DISTRICT HEATING11.5 MWth
POWER5.5 MWe
Carbona
Skive Project Design Basis
Fuel: Wood pellets Moisture content 9.5 wt%10,000 Btu/lb (dry)Feed rate: 110 tpd
Power and heat:Power generation max. 5.4 MWDistrict heat 11.5 MW
Plant Efficiency:Electrical efficiency 28 % (LHV)Overall efficiency 87 % (LHV)
Novel Power Plant: 1.8 MWe + 3.3 MWth- Kokemäki, Finland- electric efficiency 28 %- supplied by Condens OY
Tar reformer
Scrubber
Novelgasifier
Gas cooler and Filter
3 Gas engines
The Kokemäki Novel CHP Plant
Integrated to the existing Kokemäki district heatingplantFuel drying by waste heat from the plantWood fuel
Fuel capacity 7200 kW Power output 1800 kWeDistrict heat output 4300 kW Heat output to the fuel dryer 430 kW
Plant commissioning underway
CHP Forest Residue Project, under development- 12 tons per day forest residue- Produce 600 kWe, 1,800 kWth- Electric Efficiency 28%, overall 85%- Transportable unit - Project team: GTI, Carbona, TSS
gasifierGas cooler and Filter Gas engine
Gasification - Gas Engine Gasification - Gas Engine LOW PRESSURE
BIOMASS
ASH
AIR
ASH
POWER
HEAT
GASIFIERTAR CRACKER
GAS COOLING
GAS FILTER
GAS COOLINGSTACK
HEAT RECOVERY
GAS TANK
GAS ENGINE(S)
FUELFEEDING
Other Biomass Gasification Projects
60 ton per day Chicken Litter Gasifier in Georgia, ERI & USDA
Biomass Gasification Tar and Oil Catalytic Reforming, USDOE EE
2 ton per day Biomass Gasifier for H2 in UM, Minnesota, Xcel Energy
Gasification Feedstocks Tested
Biomass: Bagasse, wood chips, whole tree chips, rice straw, alfalfa, highway clippings, bark and pulp, chicken litter
Waste: RdF, autofluff
GTI Gasification R&D Facility> GTI’s State-of-the-Art
Gasification Pilot Plant Test Platform
> Flexible Fuel Capability– Coal: ~ 10-20 tons/day– Biomass: ~ 20-40 tons/day
> Operational Flexibility– Pressure ~ 400 psig – Air/Oxygen Operation
> Plug and play systems integration and testing (Feed, Gasifier, Cleanup, End-use)
> Commissioned in Dec 04
Flex Fuel Gasification R&D Facility> Solids feed system
> Gasifier
> Cyclones
> Gas conditioning unit
> Emissions & Controls
Ultra-Clean Process for Control of Sulfur, Chloride, Mercury, and Particulates
Fuel (Coal/ B iom ass)
N 2
N 2
N 2
Ash
A ir orO xygen
Steam
N 2
N 2
Dust
CW S
CW R
Sorbent
Sorbent
SpentSorbent
SpentSorbent
Dust
F lueG as
G ASIFIER
Cyclone 1
Cyclone 2 G as Cooler
Flare G asCyclone
Flare
FILTER 1
FILTER 2
SulfurG uard
Bed
Analytical InstrumentsAnalytical Instruments
IMACC FT-IR
Comprehensive, continuous, Comprehensive, continuous, sensitive and accurate sensitive and accurate measurements at key points in measurements at key points in the process are essentialthe process are essential
Sampling & Conditioning Systems
Varian GC/PFPD SRS
Mass Spec
Agilent GC/MSD/FID/SCD
Additional Gas Purification and Clean-Up Systems
> Warm Gas Multi-Pollutant Clean Up – POM membrane
> Ambient-Temperature Gas Separation Membranes– Solvents & new polymer
membranes
Warm Gas Clean Up
Ambient-Temperature Acid Gas Clean Up
(a)(b)
Gas Absorption Liquid
CO2
CO2
Fundamental Research Laboratories
Bench-Scale UnitHigh Pressure TGA
GTI Gasification Test Facility
GTI Gasification Test Facilityat work
For contacts: > [email protected]