integrated pest management for ticks - neha cert · dr. marc lame, indiana university 16 perform...

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Integrated Pest Management for Ticks

Marc L. LameIndiana University, School of Public and

Environmental Affairs

thanks to Dawn Gouge, PhDUniversity of Arizona

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What is IPM? Don’t attract Pests Keep them out Get rid of them, if you are sure you have

them with the safest, most effective method(s)


a Shift in Pest Management

monitoring, prevention, treatment(identification, biology, technology)

A SAFEENVIRONMENT

CULTURAL

MECHANICAL

BIOLOGICAL

GENETIC

CHEMICAL

EDUCATION:

SAFEENVIRONMENT

PESTICIDE

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A Shift to an IPMProgram

monitoring, prevention, treatment(identification, biology, technology)

TICKMANAGEMENT

Cultural

Exclusion

Chemical

EDUCATION:

TICK CONTROL Scheduled

Treatments

Sanitation

Mechanical

= =

The foundation is Education!

• identification • biology • monitoring • prevention • treatment

What is a Tick

Image sources: (far right, top bottom) CDC Public Health Library http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp; (top center right) University of Florida extension http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/IG140; (lower center right) University of Sao Paulo, Biomedical Sciences http://icb.usp.br/~marcelcp/Default.htm; (left, lower center) University of MI, Barry O’Conor http://insects.ummz.lsa.umich.edu/ACARI/index.html; (top far left) Gary Alpert, Harvard http://www.forestryimages.org/insects.cfm; (left, lower and upper center) Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

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What…kind of Tick?

brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille


How does it live?

Female with eggs Contributed by Mario David Bazan


Where does it live?

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Where does it live?


Where does it live?

Mattresses discarded or stored under houses provided dog resting sites and tick hiding spots. Over 150 ticks were removed from this single mattress.[Adults, nymphs, and nymphs molting into adults] 2004

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Tick Vulnerable Areas Yards Dog (some evidence that ticks “hear” dogs)Dog bed/kennels/sleeping areasInside buildings where dogs visit/live

BaseboardsWalls (behind wallpaper)CurtainsCracks

under rugs and furniture

behind radiators

Dr. Marc Lame, Indiana University

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Know where to look

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Dr. Marc Lame, Indiana University

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Perform regular inspections


Monitoring is the backbone of IPM• Assessment forms

• flash light

• Gloves

• tick trap (felt and dry ice)

• tick drag

• tweezers

• tick reference material

• dog tie down


Monitoring is the backbone of IPM

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Voids in the concrete piers contained ticks of all stages. Larvae and nymphs quested from the surface.

•The rash first appears 2-5 days after the onset of fever and may be very subtle.

•Often it begins as small, flat, pink, non-itchy spots (macules) on the wrists, forearms, and ankles.

•Later signs and symptoms include rash, abdominal pain, joint pain, diarrhea.

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Management Techniques Used as Part of Tick IPM Programs

Management Techniques Used as Part of Tick IPM Programs

• Improving hygiene standards - sanitation• Habitat manipulation – vegetation, bedding,

etc.• Exclusion – fences, animal proofing• Selection of target specific control products

that have low mammalian toxicity and low environmental impact

•DOGS!!!•DOG bedding•Structure•Grounds/vegetation


Sanitation: Don’t attract Pestsl

Involves manipulation of the pest’s environment to make it less favorable for the pest to exist. It may also be referred to as habitat modification or environmental alteration.

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Sanitation• Eliminate food,

water and harborage for pests

Sanitation• Maintain yards – vegetation• keep garbage covered so it won't attract

rodents• Wood piles (firewood and construction) against

the house

• Vacuum carpets often with a rotary brush or beater bar

• Mop hardwood floors with detergent every week

• wash all bedding frequently.

Habitat manipulation• Reduce Tick Abundance. Landscape

management practices can be employed to reduce tick densities and populations of vertebrates (e.g., rodents or deer) that host such ticks.

• For an excellent, comprehensive overview of tick management strategies, organic land care practices, personal protective measures, and chemical control methods, the interested reader is referred to the state of Connecticut’s Tick Management Handbook.

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Create a tick-free zone

• Management strategies include:– removal of yard debris– Grass and weed control– Placement of animal resting areas

Use landscaping controls in combination with other acaricides and other management strategies

Landscaping Controls• Create a tick-free zone

Exclusion: Don’t let ‘em in• Limit untreated animals access to homes• Yards with fences

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“Get rid of them, if you are sure you have them with the safest, most

effective method(s)” •Mechanical – traps, vacuums, heat, cold

• biological – good bugs (micro and macro) vs. bad bugs

• Pesticides •Chemical – synthetics and organics•Bio-Rational – B.t., pheromones, JHs•Abrasives – Diatomaceous Earth

Pesticides: Acaricides• Yard/foundation/perimeter - granules, liquids, and other alternatives

• Indoor sprays and powders– Walls, furniture, crawl space– Dog tick control:

•Collars•Sprays•Dips•Shampoo• dog bedding, etc.

Alternatives to Acaricides

• Biological Control--Fungi– Some approved for use against ticks

– Problems with mass production, spore quality, conditions for use

• Natural Forest Products– Extracts from trees highly effective

acaricides

– Use as repellents?

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Management of Tick Hosts: Small mammals and birds

• Rodent-proof buildings• Identify and remove rodent nesting

materials•Move firewood away from homes• Birdhouses and feeders – away from house – clean up spilled feed– Set up in late fall and winter

• Seal foundationsSpecies implicated as natural reservoir for R. rickettsii include meadow voles and deer mice (Mullen and Durden, 2002)

Treatment of Tick Hosts?

• Rodent bait boxes– Treats mice and chipmunks with fipronil

• Damminix– Permethrin-treated cotton balls

– Target larvae on mice

• 4-Poster Tickicide– Permethrin passively applied to deer via

corn baited deer feeding stations

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The Tick “Epidemic” Requires Active leadership to implement community

action• Awareness • Surveillance• Ethical response• “protective” communication

Interestingly, a Public Health protocol

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Additional information

Division of Vector-borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO 80521

Telephone: (970) 221-6400Fax: (970) 221-6476Email: [email protected]

Useful Resources• http://www.cdc.gov/rmsf/index.html

• http://www.cdc.gov/ticks/avoid/index.html

• http://www.cdc.gov/ticks/life_cycle_and_hosts.html

• http://www.cdc.gov/ticks/diseases/index.html

• Tick Management Handbook. (6.6 MB, PDF) Bulletin 1010. 2007. K. C. Stafford, III. The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT. (This large 66-page document loads slowly.)

integrated pest management for ticks - neha cert · dr. marc lame, indiana university 16 perform...

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