integrated rainwater harvesting and management systems for sustainable development in semi-arid...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Integrated rainwater harvesting and management systems for sustainable development in semi-arid environments: The Case of Kenya - Dr Stephen Ngigi, GHARP/KRA, Kenya](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052909/5597597a1a28ab8e3c8b4761/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Integrated Rainwater Harvesting and Management System: Adaptive
Research, Development and Promotion in Kenya
Presented by: Stephen Ngigi
GHARP/KRA Secretariat/MDG Centre for East & Southern Africa
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Problem Analysis: Poor Water Management
The problem is being aggravated by climate change, BUT it addressed by improved agricultural (rain)water management => blue revolution is a prerequisite for smallholder farmers-led green revolution in Africa
Inappropriate agricultural water
management
Low agricultural production
Food insecurityPoverty
Poverty trap
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Hydro-climatic Challenges: Water Scarcity
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273 279 285 291 297 303 309 315 321 327 333 339 345 351 357 363 4 10 16 22 28
Day of the year
Rai
nfal
l, SI
R, E
T cro
p (m
m d
ay-1
)
Rainfall
SIR
ETcrop
ODS
ISDS
Crop growing period (90 days)
Rainy season
Crop water stress related to climate change: Poor rainfall partitioning, intra-seasonal dry spells & short growing period
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Farmers’ Interventions and Challenges
High water losses: High Seepage and Evaporation
Simple on-farm water storage ponds: irregular shapes, steep side slopes, siltation, physical and health risks
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Ew
Graduated staff gauge
1
n
Qr
r
h
P
Qi
Kitchen garden
Qp
( )pwir QAEQPAQt
V −−−+= )(d
d
Research: Quantifying of water losses
Seepage and evaporation losses account for 30-60%
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Past Attempts to Reduce water losses
High investment costs: Need for cost-effective interventions
Seepage losses: Lining with either concrete, masonry, UV-resistance plastic
Evaporation losses: Roofing with iron sheets, thatch, vegetation e.g. non-flowering passion fruit
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Cost-effective and Sustainable Interventions
Reducing surface area, different roofing material, and plastic lining
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Development of Water Efficient Drip irrigation Systems
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Improved Rainwater Harvesting and Management
Efficient water use technology: Shifting from hand-watering to drip irrigation
Increasing water storage and reliability: Reducing water losses and health risks
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Scaling up
RHM Systems are appropriate for SAE of SSA. Scaling up interventions have been going on in Kenya, and transfer of technology to the GHA is underway