integrated rice-shrimp as a smart strategy to cope with climate change in the mekong delta, vietnam
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Integrated rice-shrimp as a smart strategy to cope with climate change in
the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
MontpellierMarch 16-18, 2015
Trinh Q. Tu1, Tran V. Nhuong2, Phan T. Lam3
1Research Institute for Aquaculture No.1, Vietnam2WorldFish, Penang, Malaysia3Research Institute for Aquaculture No.2, Vietnam
Research Institute for
Aquaculture No1 (RIA1)
Outline
1. Introduction
2. Methodology
3. Results
4. Conclusions & recommendations
Research Institute for
Aquaculture No1 (RIA1)
Introduction
• The MD extents 4.0mil.ha, is the country’s“rice bowl & fish baket”
• Rice & aqua. constitute a major part of dietand livelihoods and for export.
Rice : > 54 % of the country’s total
Aqua: > 72 % (GSO 2011)
+ Shrimp: 94 %
Research Institute for
Aquaculture No1 (RIA1)
• Among three most vulnerable deltas to impactsof CC & SLR (UNDP 2011; Francisco 2011)
o 1m SLR: flooding 39% of area; affecting 35% of the pop.
The need for more sustainable approach:
o Increases productivity & resilience
o Reduces GHGs emission
o Enhances national food security & dev. goals
Introduction
Research Institute for
Aquaculture No1 (RIA1)
• Integrated agri-aqua are widespread in the MD
• SR started in 1960s, increased substantially sincethe 1980s.
Shrimp culture in dry season
Rice cultivation in wet season
89
.50
86
.23
11
8.0
1
11
1.8
0
14
3.0
0
13
0.7
6
13
4.3
1
16
8.6
3
16
0.3
3
16
3.5
7
33
2.5
7
38
1.1
9
39
1.2
2
41
0.7
9
41
3.9
2
43
1.5
9
42
2.9
6
41
5.9
9
39
3.6
6
40
2.9
1
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Shrimp-rice area (ha) Other shrimp area (ha)
Introduction
Research Institute for
Aquaculture No1 (RIA1)
Study objectives:
Evaluate the potential of Integrated shrimp-rice practice as a CSA to cope with CC.
Research questions:
• What is perforemace of SR production?;
• To what extent do SR contribute to rural HH’s income/food security, resilience & mitigation to to CC?
Introduction
Research Institute for
Aquaculture No1 (RIA1)
Methodology
My Xuyen
District
Study site:
My Xuyen dist., Soc Trang prov.
• 2FGDs + 1 SW
• HH survey in 9 communes (2014)
Research Institute for
Aquaculture No1 (RIA1)
Farming type
Shrimp-rice Mono-shrimp Total
Surv
eyed c
om
mune
Gia Hoa 1 8 2 10
Gia Hoa 2 12 1 13
Hoa Tu 1 6 4 10
Hoa Tu 2 7 19 26
Ngoc Dong 14 9 23
Ngoc To 3 15 18
Tham Don 0 6 6
Thanh Phu 3 4 7
Thanh Quoi 11 2 13
Total 64 62 126
Methodology
Research Institute for
Aquaculture No1 (RIA1)
Results
Before 1982 2002 2004 2011 20131982 -2001 -2004 -2011 -2013 -2014
Mono rice
• Shrimp-rice practice• Mono-shrimp & Rice
shrimp areas
• Intensified mono shrimp (30%)
•Disease outbreak•Move to shrimp rice
• Keep shrimp-rice system•Species shifted
• Keep shrimp-rice system• Disease outbreak
Historical development of My Xuyen
Research Institute for
Aquaculture No1 (RIA1)
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Shrimp-rice
1S(T) + 1R
2S(W) + 1R
Mono-shrimp
2S (T)
3S (W)
RR R R
RR R R
Crop calendar
Results
Research Institute for
Aquaculture No1 (RIA1)
Tiger shrimp, 6.5%
White-leg shrimp, 45.2%
Both, 48.4%
Mono-Shrimp
Tiger shrimp, 23.4%
White-leg shrimp, 25.0%
Both, 51.6%
Shrimp-rice
ResultsCulture species
Research Institute for
Aquaculture No1 (RIA1)
ResultsProduction performance
Farming type
Shrimp-rice Mono-Shrimp
M Std. Dev M Std. Dev
Shrimp area (ha) 1.04 0.61 1.20 0.80
Rice area (are) 0.71 0.42 - -
Shrimp stocking
density (ind. m-2)14.10 12.42 16.47 15.32
Shrimp yield (kg ha-1) 595.88 499.64 1,170.95 994.92
Rice yield (kg ha-1) 5,569.26 2,113.34 - -
Research Institute for
Aquaculture No1 (RIA1)
ResultsProduction income
Net profits (VND mil./HH/year) N Mean Std. DeviationShrimp Shrimp-rice 64 60.87 199.52
Mono-Shrimp 62 115.92 217.86
Rice Shrimp-rice 64 19.88 12.44
Mono-Shrimp 62 - -
Total Shrimp-rice 64 80.76 196.83
Mono-Shrimp 62 115.92 217.86
Total 126 98.06 207.36
Research Institute for
Aquaculture No1 (RIA1)
ResultsHH’s income share
70.59
83.23
10
.59
4.4
3
4.6
2
3.0
3
0.5
5
1.9
510
.81
10
.21
0
20
40
60
80
Shrimp-rice Mono-shrimp
Shrimp Rice
Livestock Hired labor
Crop Other
Research Institute for
Aquaculture No1 (RIA1)
Contribute to reduce GHG emissionInput use (vnd .000/kg) N Mean Std. Deviation
Petrol Shrimp-rice 43 4.32 4.67
Mono-shrimp 53 5.85 14.20
ChemicalsShrimp-rice 52 12.47 10.75
Mono-shrimp 57 13.25 22.73
Electricity
Shrimp-rice 27 5.65 4.24
Mono-shrimp 46 6.41 4.64
Total 73 6.13 4.48
Results
Research Institute for
Aquaculture No1 (RIA1)
Contribution to reduce GHG emission
Results
RICE productionEstimatedby officer
(Mono rice)
Surveyd(Shrimp-rice)
Total revenue (VND mil./ha) 42.00 33.88
Total costs (VND mil./ha) 23.58 11.55
- Chemicals/Fetilizers (VND mil./ha)
12.09 4.09
Total benefits(VND mil./ha) 18.42 22.33
Research Institute for
Aquaculture No1 (RIA1)
ResultsCSA perception
CSA_Q1 Increase HH’s income
CSA_Q2 Increase HH’s food production
CSA_Q3 Reduce risks from CC & disease outbreak
CSA_Q4 Increase resilience & reproduction
CSA_Q5 Reduce use of chemicals & fertilizers
CSA_Q6 Reduce soild degradation
CSA_Q7 Reduce water pollution
Q: Evaluate the SMART ability of the SR system to response to impacts of CC (likert scale from 1-5) :
1= Not at all to 5 = Very much
Research Institute for
Aquaculture No1 (RIA1)
ResultsCSA perception
Shrimp-rice Mono-shrimp Total(N=64) (N=62) (N=126)
CSA_Q1 4.02 3.98 4.00CSA_Q2 4.14 4.18 4.16CSA_Q3 4.23 4.15 4.19CSA_Q4 4.25 4.32 4.29CSA_Q5 4.41 4.42 4.41CSA_Q6 4.30 4.37 4.33CSA_Q7 4.20 4.21 4.21Cronbach's Alpha
0.85 0.87 0.86
Research Institute for
Aquaculture No1 (RIA1)
Conclusions
Economics:
• Better financial security
• Food security for the farm HH
Environment:
• Less use of chemicals & fertilizers
• Reduce soil degradation & water pollution
Social issue:
• Reduce inequality
Research Institute for
Aquaculture No1 (RIA1)
Recommendations
• Detailed planning for SR area, including infrastructure development.
• Research on high salinity tolerance rice
• Formation of associations/cooperatives
• Increase awareness on CC & its impacts